四
晋(jin)平公问叔向曰(yue)(yue)：“昔(xi)者齐(qi)桓公九(jiu)合诸侯，一匡天下，不识臣之(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)(ye)？”叔向对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)：“管仲善制割，宾胥无善削(xue)缝，隰(xi)朋善纯(chun)缘(yuan)，衣成(cheng)，君(jun)举(ju)而(er)服之(zhi)(zhi)。亦(yi)臣之(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)(ye)，君(jun)何(he)力之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)？”师旷伏琴而(er)笑之(zhi)(zhi)。公曰(yue)(yue)：“太师奚笑也(ye)(ye)(ye)？”师旷对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣笑叔向之(zhi)(zhi)对(dui)(dui)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡为人臣者，犹(you)炮(pao)宰和五味(wei)而(er)进之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)。君(jun)弗食，孰敢强之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？臣请(qing)譬之(zhi)(zhi)：君(jun)者，壤地也(ye)(ye)(ye)；臣者，草(cao)木(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必壤地美，然后(hou)草(cao)木(mu)硕大。亦(yi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)力，臣何(he)力之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)？”
四
晋平公(gong)问叔(shu)向(xiang)说：“从前齐(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)多次(ci)会合诸侯，匡(kuang)正天下，不知靠的是(shi)臣(chen)(chen)子的力(li)(li)量，还是(shi)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的力(li)(li)量？”叔(shu)向(xiang)回(hui)答说：“管仲(zhong)善(shan)于裁剪，宾(bin)胥无善(shan)于缝纫，隰朋(peng)善(shan)于镶边，衣服做(zuo)成了(le)，君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)拿起来穿上。这是(shi)臣(chen)(chen)子的力(li)(li)量，君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)出了(le)什么(me)力(li)(li)呢(ni)？”师旷趴在琴(qin)上笑(xiao)(xiao)起来。平公(gong)说：“大(da)师笑(xiao)(xiao)什么(me)？”师旷回(hui)答说：“我笑(xiao)(xiao)叔(shu)向(xiang)回(hui)答君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的话。大(da)凡(fan)做(zuo)臣(chen)(chen)子的，好(hao)比(bi)厨师调好(hao)了(le)五味送给(ji)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)吃。君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)不吃，谁敢强迫他呢(ni)？让我打个比(bi)方(fang)：君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)好(hao)比(bi)土地(di)，臣(chen)(chen)子好(hao)比(bi)草(cao)木。一定是(shi)土地(di)肥好(hao)，然(ran)后草(cao)木才(cai)茂盛。这是(shi)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的力(li)(li)量，臣(chen)(chen)子出了(le)什么(me)力(li)(li)呢(ni)？”
或(huo)曰：叔向(xiang)、师(shi)旷(kuang)之(zhi)对，皆(jie)偏(pian)(pian)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫一匡天(tian)下，九合(he)诸(zhu)侯，美之(zhi)大者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，非(fei)(fei)专(zhuan)(zhuan)君(jun)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，又非(fei)(fei)专(zhuan)(zhuan)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)宫之(zhi)奇在(zai)虞(yu)，僖负(fu)羁在(zai)曹，二(er)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)智，言中(zhong)(zhong)事，发中(zhong)(zhong)功，虞(yu)、曹俱亡者(zhe)，何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？此有其(qi)臣(chen)(chen)而(er)无(wu)其(qi)君(jun)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)蹇(jian)叔处(chu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)而(er)干(gan)(gan)(gan)亡，处(chu)秦(qin)而(er)秦(qin)霸(ba)(ba)，非(fei)(fei)蹇(jian)叔愚于干(gan)(gan)(gan)而(er)智于秦(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此有臣(chen)(chen)与无(wu)臣(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。向(xiang)曰“臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，”不(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣(yi)(yi)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)桓公(gong)宫中(zhong)(zhong)二(er)市，妇闾二(er)百，被(bei)发而(er)御妇人。得管仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，为(wei)五伯长，失管仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、得竖刁(diao)而(er)身(shen)死，虫流(liu)出尸不(bu)(bu)葬(zang)。以为(wei)非(fei)(fei)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，且(qie)不(bu)(bu)以管仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)霸(ba)(ba)；以为(wei)君(jun)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，且(qie)不(bu)(bu)以竖刁(diao)为(wei)乱(luan)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)晋文公(gong)慕于齐女而(er)亡归，咎犯极谏，故使(shi)反晋国。故桓公(gong)以管仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合(he)，文公(gong)以舅犯霸(ba)(ba)，而(er)师(shi)旷(kuang)曰“君(jun)之(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，”又不(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣(yi)(yi)。凡五霸(ba)(ba)所以能成功名于天(tian)下者(zhe)，必君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)俱有力(li)(li)(li)焉。故曰：叔向(xiang)、师(shi)旷(kuang)之(zhi)对，皆(jie)偏(pian)(pian)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)说(shuo)：叔向(xiang)、师(shi)旷的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)答，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)法。匡正(zheng)天下，多次会合(he)诸侯(hou)(hou)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)美好(hao)(hao)事业中最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)了，不(bu)独是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，也不(bu)独是(shi)(shi)(shi)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。过去(qu)(qu)宫(gong)之(zhi)奇在虞(yu)(yu)国(guo)(guo)，僖负羁在曹(cao)国(guo)(guo)，两(liang)位(wei)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)才(cai)智(zhi)之(zhi)高(gao)，能使说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)都合(he)于(yu)(yu)事实，行动都合(he)于(yu)(yu)功(gong)利，虞(yu)(yu)、曹(cao)终(zhong)于(yu)(yu)都灭亡(wang)了的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)呢？这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)却没有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)主。再说(shuo)蹇叔在虞(yu)(yu)国(guo)(guo)时虞(yu)(yu)国(guo)(guo)灭亡(wang)，到(dao)秦国(guo)(guo)后秦国(guo)(guo)称霸(ba)(ba)，并非蹇叔在虞(yu)(yu)国(guo)(guo)就(jiu)笨，到(dao)秦国(guo)(guo)就(jiu)聪明，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)取决于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)没有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)主。叔向(xiang)说(shuo)靠(kao)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)对的(de)(de)(de)(de)。过去(qu)(qu)桓公宫(gong)中有(you)(you)(you)两(liang)处集市(shi)，妇女(nv)(nv)住所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)二百处，桓公披头散发去(qu)(qu)玩弄妇女(nv)(nv)。得(de)(de)到(dao)管仲，成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五霸(ba)(ba)中居于(yu)(yu)首(shou)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)；失去(qu)(qu)管仲，得(de)(de)到(dao)竖(shu)刁而(er)(er)(er)自(zi)身死(si)亡(wang)，蛆(qu)虫爬(pa)出门外也得(de)(de)不(bu)到(dao)安葬。如果认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，就(jiu)说(shuo)不(bu)上(shang)因(yin)(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管仲而(er)(er)(er)称霸(ba)(ba)；如果认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，就(jiu)谈(tan)不(bu)到(dao)因(yin)(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)竖(shu)刁而(er)(er)(er)产生祸乱。过去(qu)(qu)晋(jin)文公爱(ai)恋齐女(nv)(nv)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)想(xiang)回(hui)(hui)国(guo)(guo)，狐偃极(ji)力(li)(li)(li)劝(quan)谏(jian)，结果才(cai)使他返回(hui)(hui)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)。所(suo)以齐桓公因(yin)(yin)管仲而(er)(er)(er)会合(he)诸侯(hou)(hou)，晋(jin)文公因(yin)(yin)狐堰而(er)(er)(er)称霸(ba)(ba)天下，而(er)(er)(er)师(shi)旷说(shuo)这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)君(jun)(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)对的(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)春秋五霸(ba)(ba)能在天下成(cheng)功(gong)扬名的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)，一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)臣都出力(li)(li)(li)了。所(suo)以说(shuo)：叔向(xiang)和师(shi)旷的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)答都是(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)法。
五
齐桓公之时，晋客(ke)至(zhi)，有司请礼。桓公曰(yue)：“告仲(zhong)父(fu)”者三。而优笑曰(yue)：“易哉，为(wei)君！一曰(yue)仲(zhong)父(fu)，二曰(yue)仲(zhong)父(fu)。”桓公曰(yue)：“吾闻(wen)君人者劳于索人，佚(yi)于使从。吾得仲(zhong)父(fu)已(yi)难矣(yi)，得仲(zhong)父(fu)之后，何(he)为(wei)不易乎(hu)哉？”
五
齐桓公时(shi)，晋(jin)国客人(ren)到(dao)了，负责接待(dai)的官吏请(qing)问用什么礼仪。桓公说(shuo)了三(san)遍“告诉仲父(fu)管仲去”。优(you)人(ren)笑着说(shuo)：“做君(jun)主真容易(yi)啊(a)！一声仲父(fu)，二(er)声仲父(fu)的。”桓公说(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)听说(shuo)做君(jun)主的要寻求人(ren)才(cai)很费力(li)，使用人(ren)时(shi)就安逸了。我(wo)(wo)得到(dao)仲父(fu)已(yi)费力(li)过了，得到(dao)仲父(fu)之后，为什么不能容易(yi)呢？”
或曰(yue)：桓公之所应(ying)优，非(fei)君人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)之言也。桓公以君人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)劳于索人(ren)(ren)(ren)，何(he)索人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)劳哉？伊尹自(zi)以为(wei)宰干汤，百里奚自(zi)以为(wei)虏干穆公。虏，所辱也；宰，所羞也。蒙羞辱而接(jie)君上，贤(xian)者(zhe)之忧世急也。然则(ze)(ze)君人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)无逆贤(xian)而已矣，索贤(xian)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)难。且官(guan)职，所以任贤(xian)也；爵禄，所以赏(shang)功也。设官(guan)职，陈爵禄，而士(shi)自(zi)至，君人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)奚其(qi)劳哉？使人(ren)(ren)(ren)又非(fei)所佚也。人(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)虽使人(ren)(ren)(ren)，必(bi)度(du)量准(zhun)之，以刑名参之；以事遇(yu)于法则(ze)(ze)行，不(bu)(bu)遇(yu)于法则(ze)(ze)止；功当其(qi)言则(ze)(ze)赏(shang)，不(bu)(bu)当则(ze)(ze)诛。以刑名收臣，以度(du)量准(zhun)下(xia)，此不(bu)(bu)可(ke)释也，君人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)焉佚哉？
有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)说：桓公(gong)回答优人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)话，不(bu)(bu)像做(zuo)君主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)该(gai)讲的(de)(de)话。桓公(gong)认为君主(zhu)(zhu)寻(xun)(xun)求(qiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)费(fei)力(li)，寻(xun)(xun)求(qiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)有(you)什(shen)(shen)么(me)费(fei)力(li)呢(ni)？伊尹自己(ji)去做(zuo)厨师(shi)向(xiang)商汤献策求(qiu)得(de)任(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，百(bai)里(li)奚自己(ji)去做(zuo)俘虏向(xiang)秦(qin)穆公(gong)献策求(qiu)得(de)任(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。做(zuo)俘虏是(shi)(shi)耻辱(ru)的(de)(de)事，做(zuo)厨师(shi)是(shi)(shi)羞(xiu)耻的(de)(de)事。蒙受羞(xiu)辱(ru)来(lai)(lai)接近君主(zhu)(zhu)，因为贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)忧(you)虑天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)心情非常急(ji)切。那么(me)君主(zhu)(zhu)只要(yao)不(bu)(bu)拒绝贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就足够(gou)了(le)，寻(xun)(xun)求(qiu)贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)君主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)难事。况且官职(zhi)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)来(lai)(lai)任(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)，爵禄是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)来(lai)(lai)奖赏功(gong)劳的(de)(de)。设置官职(zhi)，安排(pai)爵禄，人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)自会到(dao)来(lai)(lai)君主(zhu)(zhu)有(you)什(shen)(shen)么(me)费(fei)力(li)呢(ni)？使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)安逸的(de)(de)事。君主(zhu)(zhu)虽然是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，但必须用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法度来(lai)(lai)衡量(liang)他们(men)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)名实(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)相符(fu)来(lai)(lai)检验他们(men)；事情合于(yu)法就实(shi)(shi)行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)合于(yu)法就禁止；功(gong)劳同主(zhu)(zhu)张相符(fu)就赏，不(bu)(bu)符(fu)就罚。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)名实(shi)(shi)相符(fu)来(lai)(lai)选(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)臣(chen)子，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法度来(lai)(lai)衡量(liang)臣(chen)下(xia)，这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可以放弃(qi)的(de)(de)，做(zuo)君主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)哪能安逸呢(ni)？
索人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)劳(lao)，使人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)佚，而(er)(er)(er)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)：“劳(lao)于索人(ren)(ren)(ren)，佚于使人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然。且(qie)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)而(er)(er)(er)归桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，鲍叔轻官让能(neng)而(er)(er)(er)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难，明矣(yi)。已(yi)得(de)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，奚(xi)遽易(yi)哉？管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)。周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)假为(wei)天(tian)子七年，成(cheng)王壮，授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)政，非(fei)为(wei)天(tian)下(xia)计也(ye)(ye)，为(wei)其(qi)(qi)职也(ye)(ye)。夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夺(duo)(duo)子而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)天(tian)下(xia)者，必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)背死(si)君(jun)而(er)(er)(er)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)仇；背死(si)君(jun)而(er)(er)(er)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)仇者，必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难夺(duo)(duo)子而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)天(tian)下(xia)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难夺(duo)(duo)子而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)天(tian)下(xia)者，必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难夺(duo)(duo)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)国矣(yi)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子纠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)，谋杀桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)，其(qi)(qi)君(jun)死(si)而(er)(er)(er)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)舍非(fei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)，未(wei)(wei)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)使管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大贤也(ye)(ye)，且(qie)为(wei)汤武，桀(jie)、纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)；桀(jie)、纣作乱(luan)，汤、武夺(duo)(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)易(yi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)上，是以(yi)(yi)桀(jie)、纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)居(ju)(ju)(ju)汤、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)危矣(yi)。若(ruo)使管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)，且(qie)为(wei)田(tian)常(chang)。田(tian)常(chang)，简公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)(er)弑其(qi)(qi)君(jun)。今(jin)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)易(yi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)上，是以(yi)(yi)简公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)田(tian)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上也(ye)(ye)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)又危矣(yi)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)以(yi)(yi)明矣(yi)，然为(wei)汤、武与田(tian)常(chang)，未(wei)(wei)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)汤、武，有(you)桀(jie)、纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危；为(wei)田(tian)常(chang)，有(you)简公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)也(ye)(ye)。已(yi)得(de)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)奚(xi)遽易(yi)哉？若(ruo)使桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，必知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺己也(ye)(ye)，是知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)。然虽知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，今(jin)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)任(ren)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专借竖刁、易(yi)牙，虫流出尸而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)欺主与不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺主已(yi)明矣(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)任(ren)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)如彼其(qi)(qi)专也(ye)(ye)，故曰(yue)：桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)暗主。
寻求人(ren)(ren)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)费(fei)力，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安逸，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)说“寻求人(ren)(ren)才费(fei)力，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)才安逸”，这话(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)对。况且桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得到(dao)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难(nan)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子纠殉身而(er)(er)顺帧桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，鲍(bao)叔(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)看重自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)职位而(er)(er)让给(ji)有才能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)担任(ren)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得到(dao)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难(nan)，是(shi)(shi)很明(ming)(ming)白了(le)(le)。已(yi)经得到(dao)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)后(hou)，哪里就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)掉以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻心(xin)啊？管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)(dan)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)(dan)代行天(tian)子之(zhi)事七年，成王长(zhang)大(da)后(hou)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)便(bian)把政权交给(ji)成王，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)自己得天(tian)下(xia)着想，而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)尽他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)职责。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)篡夺幼君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)位而(er)(er)去(qu)治理天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，必(bi)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯(ken)背(bei)叛已(yi)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)去(qu)侍(shi)奉(feng)先君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仇(chou)敌(di)；背(bei)叛先君(jun)而(er)(er)去(qu)侍(shi)奉(feng)先君(jun)仇(chou)敌(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，一定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难(nan)于夺取(qu)幼君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)位而(er)(er)统(tong)治天(tian)下(xia)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难(nan)于夺取(qu)幼君(jun)君(jun)位而(er)(er)统(tong)治天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，一定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)难(nan)于夺取(qu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国家(jia)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子纠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子，谋杀(sha)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)没有得逞，他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)死了(le)(le)，又(you)去(qu)做桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子，管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取(qu)舍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)像周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)(dan)，是(shi)(shi)可得而(er)(er)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。假(jia)使(shi)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)个(ge)大(da)贤人(ren)(ren)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)将(jiang)成为(wei)(wei)商(shang)汤和(he)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)王。商(shang)汤和(he)武(wu)王是(shi)(shi)夏桀和(he)商(shang)纣(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子；夏桀和(he)商(shang)纣(zhou)政治混乱(luan)，商(shang)汤和(he)武(wu)王就(jiu)(jiu)夺取(qu)了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)位。现(xian)在(zai)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)掉以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻心(xin)地处在(zai)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)上(shang)，这就(jiu)(jiu)好(hao)(hao)比(bi)有桀、纣(zhou)一样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行为(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)处在(zai)汤、武(wu)之(zhi)上(shang)，恒公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)很危(wei)险的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。假(jia)使(shi)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)德行不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)将(jiang)成为(wei)(wei)田(tian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。田(tian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)齐简公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子，结果(guo)杀(sha)死了(le)(le)君(jun)主(zhu)简公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。现(xian)在(zai)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)掉以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻心(xin)地处在(zai)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)上(shang)，这就(jiu)(jiu)好(hao)(hao)比(bi)简公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)掉以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻心(xin)地处在(zai)田(tian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之(zhi)上(shang)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)很危(wei)险了(le)(le)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦(dan)(dan)已(yi)经清(qing)楚了(le)(le)，但是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)将(jiang)做汤、武(wu)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)做田(tian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)知(zhi)。如果(guo)做汤、武(wu)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)有桀、纣(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)险；如果(guo)做田(tian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)有简公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祸乱(luan)。已(yi)经得到(dao)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)后(hou)，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哪里就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)掉以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻心(xin)呢？假(jia)使(shi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)时，确实知(zhi)道他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会欺(qi)(qi)骗自己，证明(ming)(ming)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)识别(bie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)骗君(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子。但是(shi)(shi)虽说桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)识别(bie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)骗君(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子。现(xian)在(zai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)像信任(ren)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)那样使(shi)用(yong)(yong)竖(shu)刁、易(yi)牙，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致死后(hou)蛆(qu)虫(chong)爬出门外还(hai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)安葬。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)识别(bie)臣(chen)(chen)子欺(qi)(qi)主(zhu)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)主(zhu)，已(yi)是(shi)(shi)很明(ming)(ming)白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)，而(er)(er)他(ta)(ta)(ta)任(ren)用(yong)(yong)臣(chen)(chen)子又(you)是(shi)(shi)那样专一，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)说：桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)昏(hun)庸糊涂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)。
六
李兑治中山，苦陉(xing)令上计而入多(duo)。李兑曰：“语(yu)言(yan)辨，听(ting)(ting)之(zhi)说，不度于(yu)义，谓之(zhi)窕(tiao)言(yan)。无(wu)山林泽谷之(zhi)利而入多(duo)者，谓之(zhi)窕(tiao)货(huo)。君子不听(ting)(ting)窕(tiao)言(yan)，不受窕(tiao)货(huo)。之(zhi)姑免矣。”
六
李克治理中山(shan)，苦(ku)陉县令年终上报(bao)时钱粮收(shou)入多。李克说：“言(yan)语动听(ting)，听(ting)了叫人喜欢，但(dan)不(bu)符合常理，这(zhei)(zhei)种话叫做窕(tiao)(tiao)言(yan)。没有山(shan)林川泽等自然资源而收(shou)入多的，这(zhei)(zhei)种收(shou)入叫做窕(tiao)(tiao)货。君子不(bu)听(ting)窕(tiao)(tiao)言(yan)，不(bu)受窕(tiao)(tiao)货。你就此免除职(zhi)务吧。”
或曰：李(li)子设辞曰：“夫(fu)(fu)言(yan)(yan)语辩，听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)度于(yu)义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窕言(yan)(yan)。”辩，在(zai)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)；说(shuo)，在(zai)听者(zhe)(zhe)：言(yan)(yan)非(fei)(fei)听者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)谓不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)度于(yu)义(yi)(yi)，非(fei)(fei)谓听者(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)谓所(suo)听也(ye)(ye)(ye)。听者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)小人(ren)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)君(jun)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小人(ren)无义(yi)(yi)，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；君(jun)子度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)曰：“言(yan)(yan)语辩，听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)度于(yu)义(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)诚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。入(ru)(ru)(ru)多之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)窕货(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，未可远行也(ye)(ye)(ye)。李(li)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸弗蚤(zao)禁(jin)，使至于(yu)计，则(ze)(ze)(ze)遂(sui)过也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无术以(yi)知而(er)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多，入(ru)(ru)(ru)多者(zhe)(zhe)，穰也(ye)(ye)(ye)，虽倍入(ru)(ru)(ru)，将(jiang)奈何？举(ju)事(shi)慎(shen)阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和，种树节四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)适，无早晚(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失、寒温之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)小功(gong)(gong)妨(fang)大务(wu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)私欲(yu)害人(ren)事(shi)，丈夫(fu)(fu)尽于(yu)耕农，妇人(ren)力于(yu)织纴，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。务(wu)于(yu)畜(chu)养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，察(cha)于(yu)土地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜，六畜(chu)遂(sui)，五谷(gu)(gu)(gu)殖(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。明于(yu)权计，审(shen)于(yu)地形、舟车、机械之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，用力少，致功(gong)(gong)大，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。利(li)商(shang)市关梁(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，能以(yi)所(suo)有(you)致所(suo)无，客商(shang)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，外货(huo)留(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，俭于(yu)财用，节于(yu)衣食(shi)，宫室器械周于(yu)资用，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事(shi)玩好，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。入(ru)(ru)(ru)多，皆(jie)人(ren)为(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若天事(shi)，风(feng)雨时，寒温适，土地不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加大，而(er)有(you)丰年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多。人(ren)事(shi)、天功(gong)(gong)二物者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多，非(fei)(fei)山林(lin)泽(ze)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)无山林(lin)泽(ze)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)入(ru)(ru)(ru)多，因谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窕货(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)，无术之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
有(you)人(ren)(ren)说(shuo)(shuo)：李克提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)论点说(shuo)(shuo)：“言语(yu)动(dong)(dong)听(ting)(ting)，听(ting)(ting)了(le)(le)使人(ren)(ren)喜(xi)欢，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)常理，这(zhei)种(zhong)话(hua)(hua)(hua)叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)窕(tiao)言。”动(dong)(dong)听(ting)(ting)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)动(dong)(dong)听(ting)(ting)在(zai)于(yu)说(shuo)(shuo)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，喜(xi)欢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)喜(xi)欢在(zai)于(yu)听(ting)(ting)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)：说(shuo)(shuo)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)听(ting)(ting)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。所(suo)谓说(shuo)(shuo)话(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)常理，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)指听(ting)(ting)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，必定(ding)指听(ting)(ting)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)(hua)(hua)。听(ting)(ting)话(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)就是(shi)君子。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂得(de)常理，一(yi)定(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能用常理去(qu)度量它；君子用常理去(qu)度量它，一(yi)定(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会喜(xi)欢究言的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)谓“言语(yu)动(dong)(dong)听(ting)(ting)，听(ting)(ting)了(le)(le)叫(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)(ren)喜(xi)欢，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)常理”，一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua)(hua)(hua)。收入(ru)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)窕(tiao)货，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)到(dao)处都(dou)(dou)(dou)行得(de)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理。李克对于(yu)奸(jian)邪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行为不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)早(zao)禁止，一(yi)直等到(dao)年(nian)终上报，这(zhei)是(shi)李克造成了(le)(le)过错。李克没有(you)办(ban)法去(qu)了(le)(le)解情况而只知道(dao)收入(ru)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)了(le)(le)；收入(ru)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，是(shi)因(yin)为庄稼(jia)丰收，即使有(you)加(jia)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收入(ru)，又怎么样呢？农(nong)(nong)耕(geng)顺(shun)应(ying)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)变化(hua)，种(zhong)植根据四季作合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排，没有(you)种(zhong)早(zao)、种(zhong)迟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)误和(he)天寒、天热的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灾(zai)祸，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用小(xiao)事妨(fang)害要(yao)务，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用私(si)欲妨(fang)害耕(geng)织(zhi)，男子尽力于(yu)农(nong)(nong)耕(geng)，女子致力于(yu)纺(fang)织(zhi)，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。注意(yi)饲养牲(sheng)畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理，按照土地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况合(he)理种(zhong)植，六畜兴旺，五谷(gu)善殖，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。善于(yu)权衡计算(suan)，周密了(le)(le)解地(di)形、舟(zhou)车(che)和(he)机械的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，花(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力气少，得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功效大，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。使商市、关口、桥梁(liang)便(bian)，利(li)于(yu)通行，能用自己已有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)东(dong)西换取没有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)东(dong)西，客商闻风而至，外来(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)货物存放下来(lai)，节俭财(cai)用，节约衣食，宫室、器具合(he)于(yu)实(shi)用，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贪(tan)图珍贵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玩物，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。收入(ru)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)为的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结果。至于(yu)自然(ran)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况，风雨适时(shi)，冷暖适宜(yi)，土地(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)，却(que)(que)有(you)丰收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)景，收入(ru)就多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努力，天时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，这(zhei)两方面都(dou)(dou)(dou)能使收入(ru)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)山(shan)林川泽给(ji)予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因(yin)为山(shan)林川泽给(ji)予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益而收入(ru)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，却(que)(que)硬(ying)把它们叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)窕(tiao)货，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂法术的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)言论。
