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教学论文:浅谈小学低年级识字教学

[移动版] 李家桂

《小(xiao)学(xue)(xue)语(yu)文(wen)课程标准》指出:“识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)写字(zi)是阅读和写作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)基础,是1―2年级的(de)(de)教学(xue)(xue)重(zhong)点(dian)(dian)。”识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)教学(xue)(xue)是低(di)年级语(yu)文(wen)教学(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)内容,也(ye)是教学(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)难点(dian)(dian)。这一阶段(duan),学(xue)(xue)生(sheng)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)如何、养成怎样的(de)(de)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)习惯和能(neng)力,对今(jin)后的(de)(de)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)及整个语(yu)文(wen)学(xue)(xue)习影响很(hen)大。我在(zai)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)教学(xue)(xue)过程中,将儿童熟识(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)语(yu)言因素作(zuo)(zuo)为主要(yao)材料,充分利(li)用儿童的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)经验,开展(zhan)了识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)教学(xue)(xue),且识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)效(xiao)率较高(gao),主要(yao)是从以下几点(dian)(dian)入手的(de)(de):

一、创设识字环境

在(zai)(zai)低年级识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong),识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)仅是一(yi)项(xiang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任务,更(geng)是一(yi)项(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)内容。积极创设各种(zhong)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing),引(yin)导(dao)(dao)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),牢(lao)记生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),掌握并在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)句子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)语(yu)言环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)运用(yong)所(suo)(suo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。可以(yi)通(tong)过社(she)会(hui)(hui)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。社(she)会(hui)(hui)是一(yi)个学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习汉字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)广阔空(kong)(kong)间(jian),眼(yan)见耳闻汉字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)处不(bu)在(zai)(zai),是广阔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)课(ke)堂(tang)。很(hen)多(duo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)渠(qu)道(dao)来源于社(she)会(hui)(hui),如店牌名、商店超市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名称、物品标价牌、电视节目出现频率(lv)较高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),只要(yao)(yao)(yao)有一(yi)个学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)出,其余学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也能相继(ji)回忆(yi)起,例如,在(zai)(zai)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)“灯(deng)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)候,我(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)引(yin)导(dao)(dao)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),大家(jia)(jia)知(zhi)不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)过马路(lu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)什么。很(hen)多(duo)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)都(dou)(dou)(dou)会(hui)(hui)说:“红绿灯(deng)”。因(yin)(yin)为大街上是同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)经(jing)常(chang)走(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu),对(dui)(dui)路(lu)灯(deng)也非常(chang)熟(shu)悉,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)每(mei)个同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)都(dou)(dou)(dou)能说上“红灯(deng)停,绿灯(deng)行(xing)。”这时(shi)再让同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)“灯(deng)”,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)将(jiang)“灯(deng)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)印到(dao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脑海里(li)了。并强调过马路(lu)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)听(ting)灯(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指挥,注意(yi)安全。再比(bi)如在(zai)(zai)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)“丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)时(shi),平时(shi)大家(jia)(jia)都(dou)(dou)(dou)会(hui)(hui)遇(yu)到(dao)一(yi)种(zhong)社(she)会(hui)(hui)现象,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是很(hen)多(duo)人爱乱(luan)扔垃圾(ji),严重(zhong)影响周边(bian)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)。我(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)问(wen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):“你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)平时(shi)有乱(luan)丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)东西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)习惯吗?”很(hen)多(duo)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)都(dou)(dou)(dou)回答没(mei)有,这时(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)给他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)发挥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)间(jian):“那你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)看(kan)到(dao)叔叔阿姨有乱(luan)丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)东西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)现象吗?”同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都(dou)(dou)(dou)七嘴八(ba)舌地说:看(kan)到(dao)叔叔阿姨乱(luan)丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)香(xiang)蕉皮(pi)了、垃圾(ji)袋(dai)了等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。这时(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)把“丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)写在(zai)(zai)黑板上,告诉大家(jia)(jia)“丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)”垃圾(ji)会(hui)(hui)污染环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、危害他人,大家(jia)(jia)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)牢(lao)记不(bu)乱(luan)“丢(diu)(diu)(diu)(diu)”垃圾(ji),养成(cheng)爱护环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好习惯。学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)是学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)长(zhang)成(cheng)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)场所(suo)(suo)。一(yi)些(xie)事物在(zai)(zai)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)心目中(zhong)会(hui)(hui)牢(lao)记一(yi)辈(bei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。比(bi)如教“表(biao)”时(shi),每(mei)个学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)有“表(biao)扬栏”。同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)对(dui)(dui)上表(biao)扬栏印象十分(fen)深刻。这时(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)问(wen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):“我(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)表(biao)现好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)上学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橱窗(chuang),那个橱窗(chuang)叫(jiao)什么啊”。同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)说:“表(biao)扬栏”,这时(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)问(wen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):“你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)经(jing)常(chang)看(kan)表(biao)扬栏,谁知(zhi)道(dao)表(biao)扬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“表(biao)”怎么写的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?”很(hen)多(duo)同(tong)(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)都(dou)(dou)(dou)会(hui)(hui)回忆(yi)“表(biao)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)写法,由此就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)牢(lao)记“表(biao)”。还有学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)开(kai)展了读书(shu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)动。让孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)选(xuan)购适合自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)图书(shu),不(bu)但学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)会(hui)(hui)了独立阅读、开(kai)阔了视野等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),还认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。又(you)比(bi)如在(zai)(zai)班(ban)级让学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)采用(yong)轮流发放作业本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“姓名识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”。引(yin)导(dao)(dao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)展示自己(ji)课(ke)外识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果,把一(yi)个人认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)变成(cheng)全班(ban)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)是孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)最为熟(shu)悉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing),很(hen)多(duo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)渠(qu)道(dao)来源于家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)中(zhong)经(jing)常(chang)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情,对(dui)(dui)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)影响就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)很(hen)大,因(yin)(yin)此,识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)要(yao)(yao)(yao)紧密(mi)结合学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo),创设大家(jia)(jia)都(dou)(dou)(dou)常(chang)见的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)环(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)来引(yin)导(dao)(dao)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)识(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。比(bi)如说“爸(ba)、妈、爷(ye)、奶”等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)时(shi),我(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)找几个学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)个扮(ban)演家(jia)(jia)长(zhang),一(yi)个扮(ban)演孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),演示父母长(zhang)辈(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)样子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),边(bian)演示边(bian)教认(ren)(ren)这些(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能在(zai)(zai)欢笑(xiao)声中(zhong)记住这些(xie)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),轻松(song)愉快地学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习。

二、培养识字兴趣

在教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),我(wo)(wo)发(fa)(fa)现(xian)(xian)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)多(duo)(duo)种多(duo)(duo)样(yang)(yang)(yang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)拘一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)。任(ren)何稚嫩的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),只要(yao)能(neng)成为(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“良方(fang)”,我(wo)(wo)们(men)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)该(gai)予以否定(ding)。当(dang)然还(hai)是需(xu)(xu)要(yao)对(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),进行肯定(ding)和(he)发(fa)(fa)扬,这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)(yang)(yang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)可以按自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)认(ren)(ren)知特点(dian)和(he)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)来选择自己愿意(yi)并(bing)能(neng)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)法(fa)。1、字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谜(mi)(mi)(mi)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。低年(nian)(nian)级小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)朋(peng)友(you)活泼好(hao)(hao)动,用(yong)猜(cai)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谜(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),能(neng)激(ji)发(fa)(fa)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习兴(xing)趣(qu)(qu)(qu),而且从字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谜(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)牢记(ji)(ji)了(le)(le)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)。如(ru)(ru)教(jiao)(jiao)“暖(nuan)”时(shi)(shi),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)很容(rong)易和(he)“爱”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)混淆。我(wo)(wo)给他们(men)出了(le)(le)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谜(mi)(mi)(mi):爪(zhua)(zhua)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)头(tou)(tou)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)朋(peng)友(you),坐在地上(shang)晒日头(tou)(tou)。“是个(ge)(ge)‘暖(nuan)’!”“那(nei)你(ni)们(men)能(neng)变(bian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)变(bian),使谜(mi)(mi)(mi)底变(bian)成‘爱’吗(ma)?”“爪(zhua)(zhua)子头(tou)(tou)下秃宝盖(gai),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)朋(peng)友(you)团结多(duo)(duo)可爱。”从此,再也没有(you)(you)(you)(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)把这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)两个(ge)(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)搞错(cuo)。又如(ru)(ru):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)点(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)横(heng)长,口(kou)(kou)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在中(zhong)央,大(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)张(zhang)着嘴,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)口(kou)(kou)往里藏。(高)”“大(da)(da)火(huo)正在烧,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)压变(bian)熄。(灭)”“大(da)(da)水真不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),他人被冲跑。(池(chi))”。类似这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谜(mi)(mi)(mi)很多(duo)(duo),谜(mi)(mi)(mi)语猜(cai)出来了(le)(le),字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也就(jiu)会(hui)(hui)写了(le)(le)。2、顺口(kou)(kou)溜(liu)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种方(fang)法(fa)以幽默风趣(qu)(qu)(qu)、琅(lang)琅(lang)上(shang)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊魅力(li)深(shen)受(shou)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)喜(xi)爱。它能(neng)满足儿童的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)奇(qi)心,激(ji)起(qi)(qi)他们(men)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习和(he)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)记(ji)(ji)汉字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浓厚兴(xing)趣(qu)(qu)(qu)。在教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)相同(tong)(tong)声(sheng)旁字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)时(shi)(shi),根据(ju)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)编(bian)出顺口(kou)(kou)溜(liu)。如(ru)(ru)在认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)泡、跑、饱、袍、炮、抱(bao)、雹时(shi)(shi),教(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)家朗(lang)读(du)(du)顺口(kou)(kou)溜(liu):有(you)(you)(you)(you)水把茶泡,有(you)(you)(you)(you)脚就(jiu)赛跑,有(you)(you)(you)(you)饭(fan)能(neng)吃饱,有(you)(you)(you)(you)衣穿长袍,有(you)(you)(you)(you)火(huo)放鞭炮,有(you)(you)(you)(you)手(shou)轻轻抱(bao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)雨下冰雹。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)(yang)(yang),教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)显(xian)得轻松愉(yu)快,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)思维活跃(yue)。3、游戏(xi)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。低年(nian)(nian)级学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)得快,忘得也快。如(ru)(ru)何解决这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)(ge)问(wen)题?通过实践,我(wo)(wo)发(fa)(fa)现(xian)(xian)在识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),最佳方(fang)法(fa)是让学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)进入“游戏(xi)乐园”,使学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在轻松的(de)(de)(de)(de)氛围中(zhong),记(ji)(ji)住汉字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),并(bing)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效地防止生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)“开(kai)火(huo)车”识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。将同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)们(men)分成若干(gan)组,组成小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)车,教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)出示生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卡片,让一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)组同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)按顺序认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汉字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。哪个(ge)(ge)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)读(du)(du)错(cuo)了(le)(le),这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)列火(huo)车就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)开(kai)下去,发(fa)(fa)令停下来,修(xiu)理好(hao)(hao)后才(cai)能(neng)继续往下开(kai)。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)(yang)(yang)既(ji)认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)培养了(le)(le)孩(hai)子们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集体观念。再例(li)如(ru)(ru)“送(song)(song)信(xin)(xin)”游戏(xi)。请本节(jie)课学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)得最认(ren)(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)当(dang)邮递员(yuan),把生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卡片当(dang)成信(xin)(xin),送(song)(song)到(dao)同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)中(zhong)。送(song)(song)完信(xin)(xin)后,请拿到(dao)信(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)朋(peng)友(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)个(ge)(ge)上(shang)台来领读(du)(du),并(bing)分析字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing),从而全班同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)都(dou)(dou)会(hui)(hui)记(ji)(ji)着生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。4、开(kai)展(zhan)丰富多(duo)(duo)彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)活动,为(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)创造展(zhan)示自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)机(ji)会(hui)(hui)以激(ji)发(fa)(fa)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兴(xing)趣(qu)(qu)(qu)。给天性爱表现(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儿童一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)展(zhan)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞台,他们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习动力(li)就(jiu)会(hui)(hui)源源不(bu)(bu)(bu)绝。学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)取(qu)得好(hao)(hao)成绩,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)经常获得成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)体验,并(bing)得到(dao)公(gong)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)奖励(li)和(he)惩罚。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)表扬、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)张(zhang)喜(xi)报、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵红花、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颗红星,都(dou)(dou)会(hui)(hui)给孩(hai)子带(dai)来不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)悦(yue),激(ji)起(qi)(qi)满腔的(de)(de)(de)(de)热情。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种赏(shang)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育手(shou)段(duan)运用(yong)于识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),能(neng)够(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)强(qiang)化学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习动机(ji),产生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)激(ji)励(li)力(li)量,促进儿童不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)到(dao)赏(shang)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)取(qu)得进步。如(ru)(ru):利用(yong)上(shang)课之前或者早(zao)读(du)(du)时(shi)(shi)间让学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)说(shuo)说(shuo)自己又认(ren)(ren)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、什(shen)么字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi).有(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次能(neng)说(shuo)很多(duo)(duo)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)赶(gan)快抓住机(ji)会(hui)(hui),让这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)些(xie)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)做(zuo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)老师(shi),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种成就(jiu)感,这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)但给这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)些(xie)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自我(wo)(wo)表现(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)机(ji)会(hui)(hui),还(hai)教(jiao)(jiao)会(hui)(hui)了(le)(le)其(qi)他同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),并(bing)能(neng)激(ji)发(fa)(fa)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兴(xing)趣(qu)(qu)(qu)。

三、培养识字技巧

在(zai)(zai)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),引(yin)导(dao)(dao)孩(hai)子识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)很多种,可谓五花(hua)八门。老师可以用(yong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己独有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式去(qu)认识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事物,让(rang)(rang)孩(hai)子们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掌(zhang)握(wo)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技巧,从而更(geng)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)体验和(he)创(chuang)造识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乐趣,更(geng)加(jia)积(ji)极(ji)地(di)(di)(di)去(qu)探索新(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)正(zheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。我(wo)(wo)国人口(kou)众多,方言(yan)现(xian)象(xiang)非常明显,如(ru)(ru)何帮助学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掌(zhang)握(wo)正(zheng)确的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)话的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)读(du)(du)音(yin)(yin)(yin),就(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)关。在(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)些同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)n和(he)l不(bu)(bu)分,经(jing)常把ni读(du)(du)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)li,很明显,只(zhi)要(yao)区分开了(le)(le)(le)声(sheng)母(mu)(mu),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)就(jiu)(jiu)会纠正(zheng)带(dai)有(you)(you)这(zhei)两个(ge)读(du)(du)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),所(suo)以,在(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以后(hou)(hou)(hou),我(wo)(wo)指导(dao)(dao)他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)制作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)张(zhang)(zhang)按(an)音(yin)(yin)(yin)序排列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao),将学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)方言(yan)影响重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)节归类整理出来(lai),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)经(jing)常带(dai)领学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)去(qu)读(du)(du),这(zhei)样一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)话读(du)(du)得(de)准多了(le)(le)(le),同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)(you)减少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)写错别字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)象(xiang)。像前面讲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)n、l的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)将音(yin)(yin)(yin)节中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)声(sheng)母(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)n、l的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)全部(bu)(bu)找(zhao)出来(lai),做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)张(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao),以后(hou)(hou)(hou)遇到(dao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)(you)添(tian)加(jia)到(dao)这(zhei)个(ge)表(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)。此举使学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)对(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方音(yin)(yin)(yin)情况形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)强刺(ci)激,因(yin)而,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)掌(zhang)握(wo)得(de)更(geng)加(jia)牢固(gu)(gu)了(le)(le)(le),误(wu)读(du)(du)、误(wu)写情况大大减少(shao)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)对(dui)比(bi)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。在(zai)(zai)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)(wo)注意让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)收集汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常见(jian)部(bu)(bu)件,并(bing)且进行“按(an)部(bu)(bu)件归类”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)语文(wen)实(shi)践(jian)活动。比(bi)如(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)到(dao)“堆”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)意识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)问学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),“堆”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右边的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)哪(na)儿看到(dao)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),当学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)努力(li)回忆,说(shuo)(shuo)出“准”“谁”“难(nan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,我(wo)(wo)及时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)将它(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)写在(zai)(zai)黑(hei)板上,再(zai)不(bu)(bu)失(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)机地(di)(di)(di)让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)抄写在(zai)(zai)书上。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),二(er)次(ci),久而久之,使学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),眼(yan)光(guang)变得(de)很开阔,不(bu)(bu)再(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)(di)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),而是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)组(zu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)组(zu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)(di)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),复习(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)组(zu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率大大提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)象(xiang)形(xing)(xing)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分为(wei)象(xiang)形(xing)(xing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),它(ta)来(lai)源于(yu)对(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)实(shi)物形(xing)(xing)状的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摹仿。如(ru)(ru):“山”“月”“田”“羊”“火”“日(ri)”……在(zai)(zai)课(ke)(ke)堂上,这(zhei)类象(xiang)形(xing)(xing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)教(jiao)(jiao),只(zhi)要(yao)让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)充分发(fa)挥(hui)想象(xiang)力(li),根(gen)据字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)看看,说(shuo)(shuo)说(shuo)(shuo),画(hua)画(hua),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)能一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目了(le)(le)(le)然(ran)。运(yun)用(yong)这(zhei)种方法(fa)(fa)(fa)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),既让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己记住了(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),又(you)(you)锻炼了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)说(shuo)(shuo)话的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li),发(fa)挥(hui)了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)无(wu)穷无(wu)尽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想象(xiang)力(li)。四通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典(dian)(dian)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。勤查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主动识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)办法(fa)(fa)(fa)。“查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典(dian)(dian)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)独立(li)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)工具(ju),是(shi)(shi)(shi)语文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)项(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)技能。低(di)年级查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)但能够(gou)早日(ri)让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)独立(li)阅读(du)(du),还(hai)可以复习(xi)(xi)巩(gong)固(gu)(gu)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)(yin),因(yin)为(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)序查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)基本与(yu)认读(du)(du)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)巩(gong)固(gu)(gu)了(le)(le)(le)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)(yin),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)、用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)结合,取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)(yin)与(yu)查(cha)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典(dian)(dian)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)导(dao)(dao)探究(jiu)(jiu)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。5、引(yin)导(dao)(dao)探究(jiu)(jiu)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)发(fa)现(xian)汉(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)规律(lv),唤起学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主动识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情感(gan),这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)课(ke)(ke)标所(suo)提(ti)(ti)倡(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)(wo)特(te)别注重(zhong)引(yin)导(dao)(dao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)发(fa)现(xian)规律(lv),自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主探究(jiu)(jiu)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。如(ru)(ru):教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)《操场上》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),我(wo)(wo)先让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)读(du)(du)词(ci)语后(hou)(hou)(hou),再(zai)出示:“拍(pai)、打(da)、拔、跳(tiao)、踢(ti)、跑(pao)”这(zhei)几个(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)让(rang)(rang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)说(shuo)(shuo)说(shuo)(shuo)你有(you)(you)什(shen)么发(fa)现(xian)?学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)经(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)组(zu)讨(tao)论后(hou)(hou)(hou),立(li)刻举手(shou)如(ru)(ru)林,说(shuo)(shuo):“拍(pai)、打(da)、拔”都有(you)(you)提(ti)(ti)手(shou)旁,都和(he)“手(shou)”有(you)(you)关;“跳(tiao)、踢(ti)、跑(pao)”都有(you)(you)足字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)旁,都与(yu)“脚”有(you)(you)关。还(hai)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)发(fa)现(xian)了(le)(le)(le)这(zhei)几个(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)由熟字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)加(jia)偏旁得(de)来(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)……。孩(hai)子们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)敢于(yu)把自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)发(fa)现(xian)说(shuo)(shuo)出来(lai),同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)(you)与(yu)他(ta)人分享快乐,在(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)意识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)价值,对(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主探究(jiu)(jiu)识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望更(geng)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习(xi)(xi)兴趣也(ye)更(geng)浓了(le)(le)(le),识(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效(xiao)果(guo)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)更(geng)好(hao)了(le)(le)(le)。

总之,在识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)教学中(zhong),教师要结合儿童的认知特(te)点和心理发展规律,激发他们的识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)兴(xing)趣,教给识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)方法,拓(tuo)宽识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)途径(jing),培养识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)能力(li)。在自(zi)主(zhu)识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)中(zhong)提高识(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)效率。就可以为高年级学习(xi)语(yu)文中(zhong)的阅读、写作(zuo)打下(xia)坚实的基(ji)础。

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