卷十六 月令第六
仲夏之月,日在东井,昏亢中,旦危中。仲夏者,日月会於鹑首,而斗建午之辰也。
○亢音刚(gang),又苦浪反。
[疏]“仲夏”至“危中”。
○正义曰:按《茸艹历(li)》:五(wu)月(yue)(yue)节,日(ri)(ri)在井十(shi)六度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)氐(di)二度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),去日(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)九度(du)(du)(du),旦室三度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong),日(ri)(ri)在井三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)房二度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),去日(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)九度(du)(du)(du),旦奎十(shi)一(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。元《元嘉历(li)》:五(wu)月(yue)(yue)节,日(ri)(ri)在井三度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)角十(shi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),旦危七(qi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong),日(ri)(ri)在井十(shi)八度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)氐(di)五(wu)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),旦室五(wu)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。
其日丙丁。其帝炎帝,其神祝融。其虫羽。其音徵,律中蕤宾。其数七。其味苦,其臭焦。其祀灶,祭先肺。蕤宾者,应锺之所生,三分益一,律长六寸八十一分寸之二十六。仲夏气至,则蕤宾之律应。《周语》曰:“蕤宾所以安静神人,献酬交酢。”
○蕤,人(ren)谁反。应(ying),应(ying)对之(zhi)应(ying)。酢(zuo),才(cai)各反。
[疏]注“蕤宾”至“交酢”。
○正义(yi)曰:应(ying)锺(zhong)律长(zhang)四(si)(si)(si)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi),上生(sheng)(sheng)蕤(rui)宾(bin)(bin)三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)益(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),取应(ying)锺(zhong)三(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),更(geng)(geng)益(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),其二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi),各三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi),其整寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),又以(yi)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)益(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi),总为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。更(geng)(geng)三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)益(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)有四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七,更(geng)(geng)以(yi)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七益(yi)(yi)(yi)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),总为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)八分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),是为(wei)(wei)(wei)积分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)数。除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),除(chu)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),益(yi)(yi)(yi)前四(si)(si)(si)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),馀(yu)有二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)不成寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),故云(yun)蕤(rui)宾(bin)(bin)“长(zhang)六(liu)(liu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)”也(ye)。引“《周语》曰”以(yi)下者,证蕤(rui)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)律。何(he)胤云(yun):“乾(qian)九四(si)(si)(si),是月阳反於下为(wei)(wei)(wei)复(fu),阴(yin)(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)阳中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)姤,各应(ying)其时,所以(yi)安(an)静是安(an)静神人(ren)也(ye)。阴(yin)(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主,阳谢为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)主之(zhi)(zhi)象,献酬(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)礼。献酢又酬(chou)之(zhi)(zhi),阴(yin)(yin)阳代谢之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)。”
小暑至,螳螂生,鵙始鸣,反舌无声。皆记时侯也。螳螂,螵蛸母也。鵙,博劳也。反舌,百舌鸟。
○螳音(yin)堂。螂音(yin)郎。鵙(ju),古(gu)闑反;《字(zi)林》工(gong)役反。反舌,蔡伯皆云(yun)“虾(xia)蟆”。螵,匹(pi)遥反。蛸音(yin)消。搏(bo)音(yin)博,又作伯。
[疏]注“螳螂”至“舌鸟”。
○正义曰(yue):按(an)《释虫(chong)》云(yun)(yun)“不<虫(chong)过(guo)>,螳(tang)蠰(rang),其(qi)(qi)子(zi)蜱(pi)蛸。”舍人云(yun)(yun):“不<虫(chong)过(guo)>名(ming)(ming)蟷(dang)蠰(rang),今之(zhi)螳(tang)螂也(ye)。”孙炎(yan)云(yun)(yun):“蟷(dang)蠰(rang),螳(tang)螂,一(yi)名(ming)(ming)不<虫(chong)过(guo)>。”李巡云(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)子(zi)名(ming)(ming)蜱(pi)蛸,则螵(piao)蛸。”故云(yun)(yun)螵(piao)蛸母。《郑(zheng)志》云(yun)(yun):“谭鲁以(yi)南,谓之(zhi)蟷(dang)蠰(rang),三河之(zhi)域,谓之(zhi)螳(tang)螂,燕赵(zhao)之(zhi)际(ji),谓之(zhi)食厖,齐杞(qi)以(yi)东,谓之(zhi)马(ma)穀。然(ran)名(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)子(zi),同(tong)云(yun)(yun)螵(piao)螂也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“搏(bo)劳”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)(yun):“七月鸣(ming)鵙。”笺云(yun)(yun):“百劳鸣(ming),将寒之(zhi)候(hou),五(wu)月则鸣(ming),豳地晚寒,鸟(niao)物之(zhi)候(hou),从其(qi)(qi)气焉。”云(yun)(yun)“百舌(she)(she)(she)鸟(niao)”者(zhe)(zhe),蔡云(yun)(yun):“虫(chong)名(ming)(ming),蛙也(ye)。今谓之(zhi)虾(xia)覅(覅)(覅(覅)),其(qi)(qi)舌(she)(she)(she)本前著(zhu)口侧而未乡内,故谓之(zhi)反(fan)(fan)舌(she)(she)(she)。”《通(tong)卦(gua)验》曰(yue):“搏(bo)劳鸣(ming),虾(xia)覅(覅)(覅(覅))无声(sheng)。”又靡信云(yun)(yun):“昔於长安(an)中,与书生数十,共往城北水中,取(qu)虾(xia)覅(覅)(覅(覅))屠割视之(zhi),其(qi)(qi)舌(she)(she)(she)反(fan)(fan)乡后。”如(ru)此,郑(zheng)君(jun)得(de)不通(tong)乎?蟜(jiao)夙问曰(yue):“诚如(ru)纬(wei)与子(zi)言(yan)为虾(xia)蟆,五(wu)月中始得(de)水,適当聒人耳(er),何反(fan)(fan)无声(sheng)?”此者(zhe)(zhe)著(zhu)时候(hou),今犹昔也(ye),是(shi)以(yi)知虾(xia)覅(覅)(覅(覅))非反(fan)(fan)舌(she)(she)(she)。反(fan)(fan)舌(she)(she)(she)鸟(niao)春始鸣(ming),至五(wu)月稍止,其(qi)(qi)声(sheng)数转,故名(ming)(ming)反(fan)(fan)舌(she)(she)(she)。时候(hou)言(yan)之(zhi),今人识(shi)之(zhi),故不从纬(wei)与俗儒(ru)也(ye)。或虾(xia)覅(覅)(覅(覅))舌(she)(she)(she)性自然(ran),不必(bi)为反(fan)(fan)舌(she)(she)(she)也(ye)。
天子居明堂太庙,乘朱路,驾赤緌,载赤旂,衣朱衣,服赤玉,食菽与鸡,其器高以粗。明堂太庙,南堂当太室也。养壮佼。助长气也。
○佼,古(gu)卯反。长,丁丈反,下“长气”同。
[疏]“养壮佼”。
○正义曰:壮(zhuang)谓(wei)容体盛(sheng)大,佼(jiao)谓(wei)形容佼(jiao)好(hao),以盛(sheng)夏长养之时,故(gu)养壮(zhuang)佼(jiao)之人,助长气也。
是月也,命乐师脩鞀、鞞、鼓、均琴瑟、管、箫,执干戚戈羽,调竽笙{⺮}簧,饬锺磬柷敔。为将大雩帝习乐也。脩、均、执、调、饬者,治其器物习其事之言。
○鞀大刀(dao)反本亦作?同(tong)鞞步西反竽音于音池本又作篪同(tong)簧音黄饬(chi)、饬(chi)音敕。柷(zhu),昌六反。敔,鱼(yu)吕(lv)反,本又作圉。为,于伪(wei)反,下(xia)文“为民(min)”、注“为伤”、“为其”皆同(tong)。雩音于。
[疏]“是月”至“柷敔”。
○正义曰:“鞀”字或从兆下鼓。按《周礼·小师》注云:“鼗如鼓而小,持其柄摇之,旁耳还自击。郑注《诗》云:“小鼓在大鼓旁,应鞞之属也。”鞞鼓者,则《周礼·鼓人职》掌六鼓,“雷鼓鼓神祀”之属是也。刘熙《释名》云“鞀,导也,所以导乐作”,“鞞,裨也,裨助鼓节”,“鼓,廓也,张皮以冒之,其中空廓”。琴者,《释乐》云:“大琴谓之离。”孙炎云:“声留离。”《广雅》云:“琴长三尺六寸六分,五弦。”刘熙《释名》云:“施弦张之。”瑟者,《释乐》云:“大瑟谓之洒。”孙炎云:“音多变布如洒出也。”郭景纯云:“瑟长八尺一寸,二十七弦。”管者,《释乐》云:“大管谓之簥。”音骄。郭景纯云:“管长尺,围寸。并漆之,有底。贾氏以为如篪,六孔。”郑注《周礼》云:“管如邃而小,并两而吹之。”箫者,《释乐》云:“大箫谓之言。”郭景纯云:“编二十二管,长尺四寸。”郑注《周礼》:“箫,编小竹管,如今卖饴饣《易》所吹者。”刘熙《释名》:“箫,肃也。”干,盾也。戚,斧也。戈,钩孑戟。羽,鸟羽,《周礼》“羽舞”、“皇舞”之属是也。竽者,郑注《周礼》云:“竽,三十六簧。”《释名》云:“竽,汙也。其中污空。”笙者,郑注《周礼》云:“十三簧。”《释乐》云:“大笙谓之巢。”郭景纯云:“列管瓠中施簧,管端大者十九簧。”《释名》云:“笙,生也。象物出地所生。”篪者,《释乐》云:“大篪谓之沂。”郭景纯云:“篪以竹为之,长尺四寸,围三寸,一孔上出,寸三分,名翘。横吹之。”《广雅》云:“八孔。”郑司农注《周礼》云:“篪七空。”《释名》云:“篪,啼也。声如莺儿啼。”簧者,竽笙之舌也,气鼓之而为声。《释名》云:“簧,横也。於管头横施之。”锺者,按《释乐》云:“大锺谓之镛。”《释名》云:“锺,空也。内空受气多。”磬者,《释乐》云:“大磬谓之旂。”音嚣,以玉石为之。《释名》云:“磬,罄也,声坚,罄罄然。”柷者,《释乐》云:“所以鼓柷谓之止。”郭景纯云:“柷如漆桶,方二尺四寸,深一尺八寸,中有椎柄,连底桐之,令左右击。止者,其椎名。”敔者,《释乐》云:“所以鼓敔谓之籈。”郭景纯云:“敔如伏虎,背上有二十七鉏铻刻,以木长尺栎之。”
○注“脩均”至“之言”。
○正义曰:脩者(zhe),脩理(li)旧物(wu)(wu)。均者(zhe),均平其声。执者(zhe),操持(chi)营为(wei)。调者(zhe),调和音曲(qu)。饬者(zhe),整顿器物(wu)(wu)。故云(yun)“治其器物(wu)(wu)、习其事(shi)之言(yan)”也(ye)。
命有司为民祈祀山川百源。大雩帝,用盛乐。乃命百县雩祀百辟卿士有益於民者,以祈穀实。阳气盛而常旱,山川百源,能兴云雨者也。众水始所出为百源,必先祭其本,乃雩。雩,吁嗟求雨之祭也。雩帝,谓为坛南郊之旁,雩五精之帝,配以先帝也。自“鞀鞞”至“柷敔”皆作曰盛乐,凡他雩用歌舞而巳。百辟卿士,古者上公,若句龙、后稷之类也。《春秋传》曰:“龙见而雩。”雩之正,常以四月。凡周之秋三月之中而旱,亦脩雩礼以求雨,因著正雩,此月失之矣。天子雩上帝,诸侯以下雩上公,周冬及春夏虽旱,礼有祷无雩。
○辟,必亦(yi)反(fan),注同。句(ju),古侯同。见(jian),贤遍反(fan),下“御见(jian)”同。
[疏]“命有”至“穀实”。
○正义曰:正以将欲雩祭,故先命有司为祈祀山川百源,为将雩之渐,重民之义也。故先为民“大雩帝,用盛乐”者,为民祈穀后,天子乃大雩天帝,用上鞀鞞之等,故云“用盛乐”。“乃命百县雩祀百辟卿士”者,谓天子既雩之后,百县谓诸侯也,命此诸侯以雩祀古之百辟及卿士等,生存之日,能立功有益於人者。
○注“阳气”至“无雩”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)纯(chun)阳用(yong)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳气(qi)盛而(er)(er)恒旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)此(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。纵令(ling)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吁(yu)嗟求雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)音近吁(yu)。又(you)《女巫职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)灾(zai)(zai)(zai),歌(ge)(ge)哭而(er)(er)请(qing)。”歌(ge)(ge)哭则(ze)(ze)(ze)吁(yu)嗟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)。旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)灾(zai)(zai)(zai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)须吁(yu)嗟求雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。注《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远,谓(wei)远为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)求雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),非(fei)(fei)郑(zheng)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛南郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁(pang),雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭天(tian),当从(cong)阳位,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)天(tian)总(zong)祭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可遍在(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)方,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)在(zai)南郊(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)共成(cheng)岁功,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可偏祭一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)外(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng),当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)皞配(pei)(pei)灵威仰,炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)赤熛怒,黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)含枢纽,少皞配(pei)(pei)白招拒,颛顼配(pei)(pei)汁光纪,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“配(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡他(ta)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)用(yong)歌(ge)(ge)舞而(er)(er)巳”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《女巫》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)则(ze)(ze)(ze)舞雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)歌(ge)(ge)舞,正(zheng)(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)非(fei)(fei)唯歌(ge)(ge)舞,兼有(you)(you)(you)馀(yu)乐,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“舞雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)咏而(er)(er)归”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)(pi)卿(qing)士,古者(zhe)(zhe)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong),句龙(long)、后稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)(pi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)《国(guo)语》鲧为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)崇(chong)伯(bo),而(er)(er)《礼(li)(li)(li)记·祭法》有(you)(you)(you)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),社稷(ji)五(wu)祀(si),虽为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)朝卿(qing)士,兼带上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《左(zuo)氏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“封(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong),祀(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贵(gui)神”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)(pi),又(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)士。按(an)(an)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》有(you)(you)(you)社稷(ji)五(wu)官(guan),今直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若句龙(long)后稷(ji)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)句芒蓐收之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,举(ju)有(you)(you)(you)益於(wu)民功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)显者(zhe)(zhe)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引“《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)‘龙(long)见(jian)而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’”者(zhe)(zhe),欲明正(zheng)(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),亦(yi)修雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)礼(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’”者(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)此(ci)经(jing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)脩(xiu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭,作记者(zhe)(zhe)言五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)命百(bai)(bai)县雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祀(si)百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)(pi)卿(qing)士”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)冬(dong)及春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)虽旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),礼(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)祷(dao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》周(zhou)(zhou)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆书(shu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),《穀(gu)(gu)梁》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥;成(cheng)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,《穀(gu)(gu)梁》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讥其(qi)冬(dong)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冬(dong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)及周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),虽旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)脩(xiu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,其(qi)周(zhou)(zhou)季夏(xia)(xia)(xia)当有(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)龙(long)见(jian)而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。按(an)(an)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》桓(huan)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时”,服注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。远为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)祈膏雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),言大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),别(bie)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。襄五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”;八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”。十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”。昭三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”;六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”;八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”;十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”;二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”;二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),上(shang)(shang)辛(xin)(xin),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),季辛(xin)(xin),又(you)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)书(shu)再雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)甚(shen)”。定(ding)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”;七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,“九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”;十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”。宣(xuan)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”。庄三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”;三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),夏(xia)(xia)(xia),四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,“六(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“自(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)”。文(wen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“自(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”;十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”;十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),都并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)。庄三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬(dong)时旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)气(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过(guo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)。僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”,宣(xuan)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)。昭二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)再雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),祗是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)再雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)。定(ding)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,亦(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)。成(cheng)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,《穀(gu)(gu)梁》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,明亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)。三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,去此(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu),唯有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)。就二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)部(bu)(bu);桓(huan)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,说雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)礼(li)(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“冬(dong),十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),夏(xia)(xia)(xia),四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,说祷(dao)礼(li)(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)部(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);文(wen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、文(wen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、文(wen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”,说旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)部(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)部(bu)(bu)总(zong)有(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)条(tiao),於(wu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)去七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)条(tiao),馀(yu)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)条(tiao),说旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)气(qi)所由。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)《释(shi)废疾》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》凡书(shu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。”《考异邮》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)部(bu)(bu),各有(you)(you)(you)义(yi)焉。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡正(zheng)(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),常(chang)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)。书(shu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)者(zhe)(zhe),皆过(guo)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)者(zhe)(zhe),皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)脩(xiu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)书(shu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)脩(xiu)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)得礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《穀(gu)(gu)梁传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),非(fei)(fei)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”按(an)(an)《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“建(jian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),尽建(jian)未(wei)乃(nai)始成(cheng)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)。”而(er)(er)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”,未(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)末而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),若雾(wu)露霑(zhan)濡,垄中有(you)(you)(you)苗(miao),虽历时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),自(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),至(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai)。若无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雾(wu)露霑(zhan)濡,垄中无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)苗(miao),虽未(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)(zai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《穀(gu)(gu)梁》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“得雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)”,《公(gong)(gong)羊》说“言雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)见(jian),言旱(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)则(ze)(ze)(ze)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)”。此(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同,郑(zheng)《释(shi)废疾》从(cong)《穀(gu)(gu)梁》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与祷(dao)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异者(zhe)(zhe),《考异邮》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)子祷(dao)九(jiu)(jiu)州山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),诸侯(hou)祷(dao)封(feng)内,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)祷(dao)所食邑(yi)。”又(you)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),帅群(qun)臣祷(dao)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过(guo)自(zi)让。凡雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)必先祷(dao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乃(nai)命百(bai)(bai)县祈祀(si)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)百(bai)(bai)源,始大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祷(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),僖(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)及三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),直为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)祭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)非(fei)(fei)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。
农乃登黍。登,进也。是月也,天子乃以雏尝黍,羞以含桃。先荐寝庙。此尝雏也。而云以尝黍,不以牲主穀也。必以黍者,黍,火穀,气之主也。含桃,樱桃也。
○雏,仕于反(fan)(fan),又仕俱反(fan)(fan),雏也(ye),《尔雅》云:“生豕(shi)雏。”含(han)桃,本又作函(han),湖南(nan)反(fan)(fan);含(han)桃,樱桃也(ye)。樱,於耕反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“必以”至“樱桃”。
○正义曰(yue):黍(shu)是(shi)火(huo)穀,於(wu)(wu)夏(xia)时(shi)与雏同荐之(zhi)(zhi)。如郑此言(yan),则黍(shu)非新成,直取旧(jiu)黍(shu),故(gu)下孟秋云(yun)“农乃登穀”,注云(yun)“黍(shu)稷(ji)於(wu)(wu)是(shi)始(shi)熟”,明仲夏(xia)未(wei)熟也。蔡氏以为此时(shi)黍(shu)新孰(shu),今(jin)蝉鸣(ming)黍(shu)是(shi)也,非郑义也。按《月(yue)令》诸月(yue)无荐果(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)文,此独(du)羞含(han)桃(tao)者,以此果(guo)先成,异(yi)於(wu)(wu)馀物,故(gu)特记之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)实诸果(guo)亦时(shi)荐。
令民毋艾蓝以染。为伤长气也。此月蓝始可别,《夏小正》曰:“五月启灌蓝蓼。”
○蓝,力(li)甘(gan)反(fan)。别(bie)(bie),彼列(lie)反(fan),下文“别(bie)(bie)群”同。
[疏]注“此月”至“蓝蓼”。
○正(zheng)义曰:别种(zhong)蓝(lan)(lan)之(zhi)体,初必(bi)丛生(sheng),若及早栽移,则有所伤损。此月蓝(lan)(lan)既长大,可(ke)分(fen)移布散,引《小正(zheng)》“启灌蓝(lan)(lan)蓼”者,证此月养蓝(lan)(lan)。熊(xiong)氏云:“灌谓(wei)丛生(sheng)也。言(yan)开辟此丛生(sheng)蓝(lan)(lan)蓼,分(fen)移使之(zhi)稀散。”
毋烧灰,为伤火气也。火之气於是为盛,火之灭者为灰。毋暴布。不以阴功干大阳之事。
○暴,步卜反,大音太。门闾毋闭,关市毋索。顺阳敷纵,不难物。
○索(suo),所白反(fan)(fan)。难,乃旦(dan)反(fan)(fan),又如字。
[疏]“门闾”至“毋索”。
○正义曰:蔡云:“门(men)谓城门(men),闾谓二十五家为闾。”关市无索者,关市停物之所(suo),商(shang)旅(lv)或(huo)隐(yin)蔽其(qi)物以避征(zheng)税。是月从长之时,故不搜索其(qi)物。
挺(ting)重囚(qiu),益(yi)其食。挺(ting)犹(you)宽也。
[疏]“益其食”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):“益其食”“挺重(zhong)囚”连文,郑又无注,皇(huang)氏以(yi)为(wei)增益囚之饮(yin)食,义(yi)当然也(ye)。熊氏以(yi)为(wei)益群臣(chen)禄食,其义(yi)非也(ye)。
游牝别群,孕妊之欲止也。则絷腾驹。为其牡气有馀,相蹄齧也。
○执如字,蔡本作絷。蹄,大计反,蹋也;本或作踶,音同。班马政。马政,谓养马之政教也。《廋人职》曰“掌十有二闲之政教,以阜马佚特,教駣,攻驹”,此之谓也。
○廋,所(suo)留反。駣音(yin)兆。又音(yin)道,《字林》音(yin)祧。
[疏]注“马政”至“政驹”。
○正义曰(yue):《廋人职》曰(yue):“掌十(shi)有二闲(xian)之(zhi)政(zheng)教(jiao)。”按(an)《校人职》云,“天子十(shi)有二闲(xian)”,诸(zhu)侯六闲(xian),大夫四闲(xian),每(mei)闲(xian)马有二百一十(shi)六匹。又“阜马佚特,教(jiao)駣(tao),攻驹(ju)(ju)”,注云“阜,盛(sheng)壮(zhuang)也(ye)”,郑司农云‘二岁曰(yue)驹(ju)(ju),三岁曰(yue)駣(tao)’,玄谓逸者(zhe),用之(zhi)不使(shi)甚劳(lao),安其(qi)血气也(ye)。教(jiao)駣(tao),始乘习之(zhi)。攻驹(ju)(ju),騬(cheng)其(qi)蹄(ti)齧者(zhe)”。
是月也,日长至,阴阳争,死生分。争者,阳方盛,阴欲起也。分犹半也。
○争(zheng),争(zheng)斗之争(zheng),注同。
[疏]“是月”至“生分”。
○正义曰(yue):“长至(zhi)(zhi)“者(zhe),谓(wei)此月之(zhi)时,日(ri)长之(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)极(ji),大史漏刻,夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)昼(zhou)漏六(liu)十五刻,夜漏三十五刻,是“日(ri)长至(zhi)(zhi)”也。“死生分”者(zhe),分,半也。阴气既起,故(gu)物半死半生。蔡云“感阳气长者(zhe)生,感阴气成者(zhe)死”,故(gu)於夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)相(xiang)与分也。
君子齐戒,处必掩身,毋躁。掩犹隐翳也。躁犹动也。今《月令》“毋躁为欲静”。止声色,毋或进。进犹御见也。声谓乐也。《易》及《乐》、《春秋》说“夏至,人主与群臣从八能之士,作乐五日”,今止之,非其道也。
○从,子用反。
[疏]“君子”至“或进”。
○正义曰:蔡氏云:“君子,谓人君以下至在位士也。齐戒所以敬道萌阴也。处必掩身,处犹居也。掩,隐翳也。阴既始萌,故君子居处不显露,恐干阴也。毋躁者,躁,动也。既不显露,又不得躁动,宜静以安萌阴也。”郑引今《月令》“无躁为欲静”,欲静则无躁之义。止声色者,歌乐华丽之事,为助阴静,故止之。“无或进”者,进,御见也。既止声色,故嫔房不得进御侍夕也,亦为微阴始动,不可动於阴事也。蔡云“方齐戒,故止色,内御之属勿或有所进也”。
○注“易及”至“其道”。
○正义曰(yue):按《易纬(wei)(wei)·通卦验》云(yun)(yun):“夏至人(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)从八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi),或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong),或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)六(liu)律(lv),或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)音(yin),或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)声(sheng),或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)行,或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)律(lv)磨,或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)阴阳,或(huo)(huo)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)正德(de)所(suo)(suo)行。”注“从八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,谓(wei)(wei)选於天下人(ren)众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,取其习晓(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),县黄(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)於子,其以(yi)大(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)展其声(sheng)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)六(liu)律(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)律(lv)管(guan)(guan),阳也(ye)(ye)。又有六(liu)吕为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合,管(guan)(guan)有长短,吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)乐(le)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)音(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),金为(wei)锺(zhong),革(ge)为(wei)鼓,石为(wei)磬,竹为(wei)管(guan)(guan),丝(si)为(wei)弦,皆(jie)有声(sheng)变(bian)舒疾也(ye)(ye)。匏也(ye)(ye),木也(ye)(ye),土也(ye)(ye),不言(yan)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),声(sheng)少变(bian),故不调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宫(gong)、商、角、徵、羽(yu),声(sheng)弘杀缓急。凡(fan)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)六(liu)律(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng),五(wu)(wu)音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动,与神(shen)灵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)通,人(ren)君(jun)听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)以(yi)察已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)失,而知群(qun)臣贤否(fou)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)五(wu)(wu)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五(wu)(wu)行谓(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)英。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)律(lv)历者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),律(lv)历谓(wei)(wei)六(liu)茎(jing)也(ye)(ye)。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)阴阳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)《云(yun)(yun)门》、《咸池》。调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)正德(de)所(suo)(suo)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《大(da)韶》、《大(da)夏》、《大(da)濩(huo)》、《大(da)武》,此郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)《五(wu)(wu)英》,谓(wei)(wei)颛顼乐(le)名,云(yun)(yun)《六(liu)茎(jing)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),帝(di)喾(ku)乐(le)名。云(yun)(yun)“从八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,注云(yun)(yun)“从,就(jiu)也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)人(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)就(jiu)八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)於习乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处而观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。“作乐(le)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),豫前(qian)五(wu)(wu)日(ri),令八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)习作其乐(le),以(yi)迎日(ri)至。《乐(le)纬(wei)(wei)·协(xie)图徵》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)“从八(ba)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,今《月令》於日(ri)至止(zhi)声(sheng)色(se),与诸《纬(wei)(wei)》文(wen)违,故云(yun)(yun)“非(fei)其道(dao)”。必(bi)知其《纬(wei)(wei)》文(wen)作乐(le)为(wei)是者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)《周礼·大(da)司乐(le)》冬(dong)至祭祭圜丘(qiu),夏至祭地方(fang)泽,皆(jie)有作乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),不得(de)云(yun)(yun)止(zhi)乐(le),故知月令非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。
薄滋味,毋致和。为其气异,此时伤人。
○和,户卧反。
[疏]注“为其”至“伤人”。
○正义曰:滋味和(he)调,气味殊异,他时可食,此(ci)时伤人。
节耆欲,定心气。微阴扶精,不可散也。
○耆,市志反。百官静事毋刑。罪罚之事,不可以闻。今《月令》“刑”为“径”。以定晏阴之所成。晏,安也。阴称安。
○晏,伊见反。
[疏]“以定晏阴之所成”。
○正(zheng)义曰:上从“君子齐(qi)戒”以下,至(zhi)“无刑”以上,皆是清(qing)静止息(xi)之(zhi)事,以正(zheng)定身中(zhong)安(an)阴之(zhi)所(suo)成就,谓初感(gan)安(an)阴,若(ruo)不清(qing)静,则(ze)微阴与人为病,故须定之(zhi)。王肃及蔡氏皆云(yun)晏为以安(an)定阴阳(yang)之(zhi)所(suo)成,非郑旨也。
鹿角解,蝉始鸣,半夏生,木堇荣。又记时候也。半夏,药草。木堇,王蒸也。
○解,户(hu)买反(fan)(fan)。始(shi),市志(zhi)反(fan)(fan)。夏,户(hu)嫁反(fan)(fan)。堇(jin)音谨,一(yi)名舜华(hua)。蒸,之(zhi)承反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“木堇”至“蒸也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《释草》云:“椵,木(mu)槿。榇,木(mu)槿。”某(mou)氏云“别三名(ming),可食,或呼为日及(ji),亦(yi)云王蒸。其花朝生暮落”。
是月也,毋用火南方。阳气盛,又用火於其方,害微阴也。可以居高明,可以远眺望,可以升山陵,可以处台榭。顺阳在上也。高明谓楼观也。阇者谓之台,有木者谓之榭。
○榭音谢(xie)。观,古(gu)唤反(fan)。阇(du)音都。
[疏]注“阇者”至“之榭”。
○正义曰(yue):按《释宫》云(yun):“阇(du)谓之台。”李巡云(yun):“蛔芰(ji)为之,所以观望。”郭景纯云(yun):“蛔芰(ji)四方。”又云(yun):“无室曰(yue)榭。”李巡云(yun):“但有大殿,无室名(ming)曰(yue)榭。”郭景纯云(yun):“榭,今之堂堭。”
仲夏行冬令,则雹冻伤穀。子之气乘之也。阳为雨,阴起胁之,凝为雹。
○雹(bao),步角(jiao)反(fan)。冻(dong),丁贡反(fan)。道(dao)路不通,暴兵来至。盗贼攻劫,亦(yi)雹(bao)之类。
[疏]“仲夏”至“来至”。
○正义曰:“雹冻伤(shang)穀”,天灾(zai)。“道路不(bu)通,暴兵来至(zhi)”,人(ren)灾(zai)也(ye)。
行春令,则五穀晚熟。卯之气乘之也。生日长。百螣时起,其国乃饥。螣,蝗之属,言百者,明众类并为害。
○螣音(yin)特,食苗叶(ye)虫。饥,居疑(yi)反,又音(yin)机。
[疏]“行春”至“乃饥”。
○正义曰:“五穀(gu)晚熟(shu)”,天灾。“百螣时起”,地灾。“其国乃饥(ji)”,人灾也(ye)。
行秋令,则草木零落,酉之气乘之也。八月宿直昂毕,为天狱主杀。
○零,本又作苓,音同。果实早成,生日短。民殃於疫。大陵之气来为害也。
○殃,於良反。疫(yi)音(yin)役。
[疏]“行秋”至“於疫”。
○正义曰:“草木零落,果(guo)实早成”,地灾(zai)。“民(min)殃(yang)於疫”,人灾(zai)也(ye)。
季(ji)夏之(zhi)月,日(ri)在柳,昏火中(zhong),旦奎中(zhong)。季(ji)夏者,日(ri)月会於鹑(chun)火,而斗建(jian)未(wei)之(zhi)辰(chen)也(ye)。
[疏]“季夏”至“奎中”。
○正义曰(yue):按《茸艹历》:六月节,日在柳九(jiu)(jiu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)尾七度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中,去日一(yi)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),旦(dan)娄八度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中。六月中,日在张(zhang)三度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)箕三度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中,去日一(yi)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)七度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),旦(dan)胃十(shi)四度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中。《元(yuan)嘉历》:六月节,日在井三十(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)房四度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中,旦(dan)东壁八度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中。六月中,日在柳十(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)尾八度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中,旦(dan)奎(kui)十(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中。
其日丙丁。其帝炎帝,其神祝融。其虫羽。其音徵,律中林锺。其数七。其味苦,其臭焦。其祀灶,祭先肺。林锺者,黄锺之所生,三分去一,律长六寸。季夏气至,则林锺之律应。《周语》曰:“林锺和展百物,俾莫不任肃纯恪。”
○去,起吕反,后放此。任音壬,又如字。恪(ke),苦各反。
[疏]注“林锺”至“纯恪”。
○正义曰:按《律(lv)历志》,黄锺(zhong)(zhong)长(zhang)九寸,三分去一,下生林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)长(zhang)六寸。引“《周语》曰”下者,证(zheng)林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)之义,故(gu)《周语》云(yun):“林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)和(he)展百物,俾莫(mo)不任肃纯恪。”按注云(yun)“坤,初六也”,林(lin)(lin),众;锺(zhong)(zhong),聚;肃,速;纯,大;恪,敬。“言时务和(he),审百事,无有诡诈,使莫(mo)不任其(qi)职事,速其(qi)功(gong),而大敬其(qi)职”。
温风始至,蟋蟀居壁,鹰乃学习,腐草为萤。皆记时侯也。鹰学习,谓攫搏也。《夏小正》曰:“六月,鹰始挚。”萤,飞虫,萤火也。
○蟋(xi)蟀,上音悉,下音率(lv)。腐,扶矩(ju)反(fan)。荧(ying),本(ben)又作(zuo)萤(ying),户扃(jiong)反(fan);或作(zuo)“腐草化(hua)为萤(ying)”者,非(fei)也(ye)。攫,俱縳(zhuan)反(fan),一音九碧反(fan)。搏音搏。挚(zhi)音至,本(ben)亦作(zuo)鸷(zhi),同。
[疏]“温风”至“为萤”。
○正义曰:“蟋蟀居壁”者,此物生在於土中,至季夏羽翼稍成,未能远飞,但居其壁,至七月则能远飞在野。按《尔雅·释虫》云:“蟋蟀,蛩也。”孙炎曰:“蜻蛚也。梁国谓蛩。”郭景纯云:“今促织。”蔡以为蟋蟀,斯螽,非也。
○“鹰乃学习”者,於时二阴既起,鹰感阴气,乃有杀心,学习抟击之事。按《郑志》,焦氏问云:“仲秋,乃鸠化为鹰。仲春,鹰化为鸠。此六月何言有鹰学习乎?”张逸答曰:“鹰虽为鸠,亦自有真鹰可习矣。”
○“腐草为萤”者,腐草此时得暑湿之气,故为萤。不云化者,蔡氏云“鸠化为鹰,鹰还化为鸠,故称化。今腐草为萤,萤不复为腐草,故不称化”。
○注“谓攫”至“萤火”。
○正(zheng)义曰:攫谓以(yi)足取物,抟谓以(yi)翼击物。云(yun)(yun)“萤,飞(fei)虫(chong)”者,按《释(shi)虫(chong)》云(yun)(yun):“萤火,即(ji)炤(zhao)。”李巡云(yun)(yun):“萤火夜飞(fei),腹下如火光,故曰即(ji)炤(zhao)。”
天子居明(ming)堂右(you)个(ge)(ge),乘朱(zhu)(zhu)路,驾赤(chi)緌,载赤(chi)旂,衣朱(zhu)(zhu)衣,服赤(chi)玉,食(shi)菽与鸡,其器高以粗。明(ming)堂右(you)个(ge)(ge),南堂西偏也。
命渔师伐蛟、取鼍、登龟、取鼋。四者甲类,秋乃坚成。《周礼》曰“秋献龟鱼”,又曰“凡取龟用秋时”,是夏之秋也。作《月令》者,以为此秋据周之时也。周之八月,夏之六月,因书於此,似误也。蛟言伐者,以其有兵卫也。龟言登者,尊之也。鼍、鼋言取,羞物贱也。鼍皮又可以冒鼓,今《月令》“渔师”为“榜人”。
○蛟音交。鼍(tuo),大多反,又徒丹(dan)反。鼋(yuan)音元。冒,亡报反。榜,必孟反。
[疏]“命渔”至“取鼋”。
○正义曰:此命渔师及仲夏养壮佼之等,皆是烦细之事,或非止一月所为,故不言“是月也”。故注云“四者甲类,秋乃坚成”,明非独季夏而取。
○注“《周礼》”至“榜人”。
○正义曰(yue):引(yin)(yin)“《周(zhou)礼》‘秋献龟鱼(yu)’”,是《献人职》文(wen)(wen)。又云“凡取(qu)龟用秋时”,是《龟人职》文(wen)(wen)。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)者,证(zheng)作记之(zhi)人谓此礼是周(zhou)之(zhi)秋八(ba)月,当夏之(zhi)六月,故误书(shu)於此,言记之(zhi)者非(fei)也。
命泽人纳材苇。蒲苇之属,此时柔刃,可取作器物也。
○苇,于鬼反。刃,而慎反。
○是月也,命四监大合百县之秩刍,以养牺牲,令民无不咸出其力。四监,主山、林、川、泽之官。百县,乡遂之属,地有山、林、川、泽者也。秩,常也。百县给国养牺牲之刍,多少有常,民皆当出力为艾之。今《月令》“四”为“田”。
○为艾,于伪反,下文“为民”、注“为求福”、“为其”同。以共皇天上帝,名山大川,四方之神。以祠宗庙社稷之灵,以为民祈福。牲以供祠神灵,为民求福,明使民艾刍,是不虚取也。皇天,北辰耀魄宝,冬至所祭於圜丘也。上帝,大微五帝。
○共音恭。
[疏]“命四”至“祈福”。
○正义曰:以四监合其秩刍,以共皇天上帝,其事既大,又异於上,故言“是月”。自“命妇官”至“等给之度”,论黼黻文章,给郊庙祭祀之服,事异於上帝养牺牲,故言“是月”。自“树木方盛”至“则有天殃”,论禁断馀事,助时生养,亦事异於上,故言“是月”,自“土润溽暑”至“土疆”,论上暑下润,粪地为宜,事异於上,故复言“是月”。
○注“四监”至“为田”。
○正义曰:按《周礼》有山虞、泽虞、林衡、川衡之官,秩刍出於山林,又季冬云“乃命四监,收秩薪柴”,薪柴亦出於山林川泽。云“百县,乡遂之属,地有山林川泽”者,知百县非诸侯,而云乡遂之属,以其取刍养牲,不可大远,故知是畿内乡遂。仲夏云“乃命百县雩祀百辟卿士”者,兼外内诸侯也。此云“乡遂之属”者,不兼公卿大夫之采邑。“秩,常”,《释诂》文。云“今《月令》‘四’为‘田’”者,令田监大合秩刍,义亦通也。
○注“为民”至“五帝”。
○正义(yi)曰:为(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)求(qiu)福(fu)者,虽是寻常事神(shen),因(yin)事神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)时,为(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)祈(qi)福(fu)。云“是不(bu)虚(xu)(xu)取”者,若不(bu)为(wei)(wei)祈(qi)福(fu),浪(lang)使民(min)(min)(min)艾(ai)刍,是在上(shang)虚(xu)(xu)取民(min)(min)(min)力。今还祈(qi)福(fu)与(yu)民(min)(min)(min),民(min)(min)(min)皆(jie)蒙(meng)福(fu),是不(bu)虚(xu)(xu)取民(min)(min)(min)力役使之(zhi)(zhi)也。云“上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),大微五帝(di)(di)(di)”者,按《周礼(li)·司服》云“昊(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)”,郑以为(wei)(wei)昊(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)祇是一神(shen),北极耀(yao)魄(po)宝也。知此皇天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)不(bu)祗(zhi)是耀(yao)魄(po)宝之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),为(wei)(wei)大微者,以《周礼(li)·司服》云“祀(si)昊(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),大裘而冕,祀(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)”,既别云五帝(di)(di)(di),故知昊(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)亦唯一神(shen)。此《月令》皇天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)下,更无别五帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)文,故分为(wei)(wei)二。
是月也,命妇官染采,黼黻文章,必以法故,无或差贷。妇言,染人也。采,五色。
○黼音(yin)甫。黻(fu)音(yin)弗(fu)。差贷音(yin)二,又他得(de)反。
[疏]“命妇”至“差贷”。
○正义曰:於此月之时,命掌妇功之官,谓染人也,染此五色之采,白与黑谓之黼,黑与青谓之黻,青与赤谓之文,赤与白谓之章。染此等之物,必以旧法故事,无得有参差贷变。必以此月染之者,以其盛暑湿,染帛为宜,此是秦法也。若周则於夏豫浸治染纁玄之石,至秋乃总染五色,故《染人》云“夏纁玄,秋梁夏”是也。盖从夏至秋,皆得染物,周秦各用一时也。此云“黼黻文章”,下云“黑黄苍赤”,互相备也。
○注“妇官”至“五色”。
○正义曰:按《周(zhou)礼》妇(fu)官有(you)典妇(fu)功、典枲、染(ran)(ran)人(ren)等,此据染(ran)(ran)采(cai),故为(wei)染(ran)(ran)人(ren)。“采(cai),五色(se)(se)”者,郑注《皋陶谟》曰:“采(cai)施曰色(se)(se),未用谓之(zhi)采(cai),巳(si)用谓之(zhi)色(se)(se)。”此对文(wen)耳,散则通(tong)。
黑黄仓赤,莫不质良,毋敢诈伪。质,正也。良,善也。所用染者,当得真采正善也。以给郊庙祭祀之服,以为旗章,以别贵贱等给之度。旗章,旌旗及章识也。
○别,彼(bi)列反。旗音其。识(shi),申(shen)志反。及如字。
[疏]注“旗章”至“章识”。
○正(zheng)义曰:旌旗者,则(ze)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·司(si)常(chang)》九旗是(shi)也。章识者,则(ze)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》事名号,故(gu)《司(si)常(chang)》云“官府(fu)象其(qi)事,州里象其(qi)名,家(jia)象其(qi)号”,郑(zheng)注《引士丧(sang)礼(li)(li)》以缁(zi)广三寸,长半幅(fu),赪末长终幅(fu),《诗》“织文鸟章”是(shi)也。
是月也,树木方盛,乃命虞人入山行木,毋有斩伐。为其未坚刃也。
○行,下孟反(fan)。不可以兴土功,不可以合诸侯,不可以起兵动众(zhong)。土将用事,气欲静。
[疏]注“土将用事气欲静”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):土虽寄王四季,但南方(fang)火(huo)生中央土,土生西方(fang)金,金火(huo)之(zhi)间(jian),位当建(jian)未(wei)之(zhi)月,故云“土将用事,气欲静”也(ye)。
毋举大事,以摇养气。大事,兴徭役以有为。
○徭役音遥。毋发(fa)令而待,以(yi)妨(fang)神(shen)农之事也。发(fa)令而待,谓出繇役之令,以(yi)预惊民(min)也。民(min)惊则心动,是(shi)害土神(shen)之气(qi)。土神(shen)称曰神(shen)农者,以(yi)其主於稼穑。
[疏]“毋发”至“之事”。
○正义曰:“发令”者,发动徵召之令也。“而待”者,谓时未顺而豫动召,以待后时乃使也。“以妨神农之事”者,解所以不豫发令也。神农者,土神也。尔时土神用事,若逆令召民,民惊心动,是妨土神之气事也。。
○注“土神”至“稼穑”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):土(tu)神(shen)能(neng)吐(tu)生万(wan)物,成(cheng)其农(nong)(nong)事,故(gu)曰(yue)神(shen)农(nong)(nong)。知(zhi)土(tu)主稼穑者(zhe),《尚书·洪范》云:“土(tu)爰(yuan)稼穑。”孔(kong)传曰(yue):“种曰(yue)稼,敛曰(yue)穑。”蔡氏云“神(shen)农(nong)(nong)则炎帝”,非郑义(yi)也(ye)。
水潦盛昌,神(shen)农将持功,举大事则(ze)有天殃(yang)。言土以受天雨泽(ze)、安静养物(wu)为功,动之则(ze)致害也。《孝经(jing)说》曰:“地顺受泽(ze),谦虚开(kai)张(zhang),含(han)泉任萌,滋物(wu)归中。”
[疏]“水潦”至“天殃”。
○正义曰:六月主未,未有东井,东井是水,故六月而水潦盛昌也。“神农将持功”者,神农犹土神也。土地本受天雨泽水潦,以为生养之功,此月多水,故土神方得将持功也。
○“举大事则有天殃”者,神农方持功,若人君有举大事,于养气者,非唯神农罪之,则天亦殃罚之也。犯土而天罚之者,地受天泽,得以含养。今若干地,则是干天也。
○注“言土”至“归中”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):解所以犯天(tian)(tian)殃之(zhi)义也。云(yun)“动之(zhi)则致灾害”者,若动地则致天(tian)(tian)灾害,是地功由(you)天(tian)(tian)也。云(yun)“《孝经(jing)说(shuo)》曰(yue)(yue)‘地顺(shun)受(shou)泽,谦(qian)虚(xu)(xu)开张(zhang)’”者,引《孝经(jing)说(shuo)》证地受(shou)天(tian)(tian)泽,为成已功也。地体卑顺(shun),故(gu)受(shou)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)雨泽,而(er)体得谦(qian)虚(xu)(xu)开张(zhang)也。云(yun)“含泉任(ren)(ren)萌(meng),滋(zi)(zi)物归中”者,亦《孝经(jing)说(shuo)》也。既谦(qian)虚(xu)(xu)开张(zhang),故(gu)能含於水泉,任(ren)(ren)萌(meng)一切之(zhi)物,并滋(zi)(zi)繁而(er)归地中也。
是月也,土润溽暑。润溽,谓涂湿也。
○辱如字,本或作溽,音同,湿也。大雨时行,烧薙行水,利以杀草,如以热汤。薙谓迫地芟草也。此谓欲稼莱地,先薙其草,草乾烧之,至此月大雨流,水潦畜於其中,则草死不复生,而地美可稼也。《薙人》“掌杀草”职,曰“夏日至而薙之”,又曰“如欲其化也,则以水火变之”。
○薙,他计反,又直履(lv)反。芟,所衔反。莱音(yin)来。畜(chu),敕六反。复,扶又反。夏日(ri),人一反。
[疏]“大雨”至“热汤”。
○正义曰:六月建未,未值井,井主水,大雨时行。土既润辱,又大雨应时行也,不云降,降止是下耳,故言其流义,故云行。行犹通彼也。蔡云“大雨时行。行,降也。从‘土润’以下皆为下句”。烧薙,谓迫地芟除草名也。《周礼》立其官,使除田草也。五月夏至,芟杀暴之,至六月合烧之,故云“烧薙”也。“行水”者,其时也,大雨时行,行於所烧田中,仍壅遏蓄之,以渍烧薙,故云“行水”也。
○“利以杀草”者,利,益也。先芟后烧,又蓄水渍之,即草根烂死,是利益得杀田中之草也。“如以热汤”者,日暴水於烂草田中,水热而洙沸,如热汤渍之也。
○注“薙人”至“变之”。
○正义曰(yue):引《薙(ti)人》证芟草(cao)时节。按(an)《薙(ti)氏(shi)》云(yun):“春(chun)始生而(er)萌(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),夏日至而(er)夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),秋绳而(er)芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冬日至而(er)耜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”杜子春(chun)云(yun):“萌(meng)谓(wei)耕反其(qi)(qi)萌(meng)牙(ya)。”康成云(yun):“萌(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,以(yi)(yi)兹(zi)其(qi)(qi)斫其(qi)(qi)生者,夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)钩鎌,迫地芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也,若今取菱矣。含实(shi)曰(yue)绳,芟其(qi)(qi)绳则(ze)实(shi)不成孰。耜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)耜(si)测涷(dong)土划之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”按(an)皇氏(shi)云(yun):“夷(yi)(yi)音薙(ti),绳音孕。”云(yun)“又曰(yue)如(ru)欲其(qi)(qi)化,则(ze)以(yi)(yi)水(shui)火(huo)变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者,谓(wei)先(xian)以(yi)(yi)火(huo)焚烧(shao)其(qi)(qi)草(cao),在后以(yi)(yi)水(shui)浸渍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),变此瘠(ji)地为肥,故云(yun)“水(shui)火(huo)变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。先(xian)火(huo)后水(shui),而(er)云(yun)“水(shui)火(huo)”者,便(bian)言(yan)也。
可以粪田畴,可以美土彊。土润溽,膏泽易行也。粪、美,互文耳。土疆,强之地。
○粪,方问(wen)反(fan)。彊(qiang),其丈反(fan)。注(zhu)同。易,以豉(chi)反(fan)。强(qiang),其两反(fan)。,好览反(fan)。
[疏]“可以”至“土彊”。
○正义曰:於此月之中,又可行以下二事也。粪,壅苗之根也。蔡云:“穀田曰田,麻田曰畴。”言烂草可以粪田使肥也。“可以美土彊”者,彊者,彊磊磈难耕之地,此月亦可止水渍之,乃壅粪之,使田美也。
○注“土润”至“之地”。
○正义曰(yue):土润辱则(ze)土之(zhi)膏泽易行,故可(ke)粪(fen)美(mei)之(zhi),使肥易也。蔡前云“从(cong)‘土润’以下皆为下句(ju)”,是与(yu)郑相合也。云“粪(fen)、美(mei),互文(wen)耳”者,亦可(ke)颜(yan)美(mei)田畴,可(ke)以粪(fen)土彊,故言(yan)“互文(wen)”也。云“土彊,强(qiang)之(zhi)地(di)”者,强(qiang)是不软,是罅阚也,并谓(wei)磥礰磊磈之(zhi)地(di)也。《草(cao)人职(zhi)》云“彊用蕡”,彊,强(qiang)坚者也。
季夏行春令,则穀实鲜落,国多风欬。辰之气乘之也。未属巽,辰又在巽位,二气相乱为害。
○鲜音仙,又仙典反(fan)(fan)。欬,苦代反(fan)(fan)。民乃(nai)迁徙(xi)。象风(feng)转移(yi)物也。
[疏]“季夏”至“迁徙”。
○正义曰:“穀实鲜落“,谓鲜少堕落,由风多故也。或云以夏召春气,初鲜絜,而逢秋气肃杀,故穀鲜絜而堕落也,此地灾也。“国多风欬”,此是天灾也。“民乃迁徙”,是人灾也。
○注“未属巽”。
○正(zheng)义曰:按《易林》云“震主庚子午(wu),巽主辛丑未,坎(kan)主戊寅申(shen),离主已卯酉,艮主丙辰戌,兑主丁已亥(hai)”,是(shi)未属(shu)巽也。
行秋(qiu)令,则丘隰水(shui)(shui)潦,戌之(zhi)(zhi)气乘之(zhi)(zhi)也。九(jiu)月(yue)宿直奎,奎为沟渎,沟渎与(yu)此月(yue)大雨(yu)并(bing)而高下皆水(shui)(shui)。禾稼不熟,伤於水(shui)(shui)也。乃(nai)多女灾(zai)。含任之(zhi)(zhi)类败也。
[疏]“丘隰”至“女灾”。
○正(zheng)义曰:“丘隰水(shui)潦”及“禾稼不熟”,此(ci)地灾(zai)也,以其(qi)水(shui)气多故也。“乃多女灾(zai)”,人(ren)灾(zai)也,亦为水(shui)伤含任也。
行冬令,则风寒不时,丑之气乘之也。鹰隼蚤鸷。得疾厉之气也。
○隼,息允反。蚤鸷,上音早;下音至,亦作鸷,击也。四鄙入保。象鸟雀之走窜也。都邑之城曰保。
○窜,七乱反。
[疏]“风寒”至“入保”。
○正义曰:以丑未属巽,十二月建丑,得巽之气,故为风。又建丑之月大寒中,故多风寒,此天灾也。
○“鹰隼蚤(zao)鸷”,季夏地气杀害之象,地灾也。
中央土。火休而盛德在土也。
○央,於相反。
[疏]“中央土”。
○正义曰:夫四(si)时(shi)(shi)五行(xing),同是(shi)天地所生,而四(si)时(shi)(shi)是(shi)气,五行(xing)是(shi)物。气是(shi)轻虚,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)丽天;物体质<山(shan)皃>,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)属地。四(si)时(shi)(shi)系天,年(nian)有三百(bai)六十(shi)日,则春夏(xia)(xia)秋冬各分(fen)(fen)居九十(shi)日。五行(xing)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)四(si)时(shi)(shi),布(bu)於三百(bai)六十(shi)日间,以(yi)(yi)(yi)木配(pei)(pei)春,以(yi)(yi)(yi)火配(pei)(pei)夏(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)配(pei)(pei)秋,以(yi)(yi)(yi)水配(pei)(pei)冬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)土则每(mei)时(shi)(shi)辄(zhe)寄王十(shi)八日也(ye)。虽每(mei)分(fen)(fen)寄,而位本未(wei),宜处於季夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)末,金(jin)(jin)火之(zhi)间,故在此陈之(zhi)也(ye)。
其日(ri)戊(wu)已(yi)。戊(wu)之(zhi)言茂(mao)也。已(yi)之(zhi)言起也。日(ri)之(zhi)行四(si)时之(zhi)间,从黄道,月为(wei)之(zhi)佐。至此(ci)万物皆枝叶(ye)茂(mao)盛,其含秀者抑(yi)屈而起,故因以为(wei)日(ri)名焉。
[疏]“其日戊已”。
○正义曰:虽处於夏末,而实为四行之主,不可没其生用之功,故因亦为日名也。
○注“日之”至“之佐”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰:按《考灵(ling)耀》“春(chun)则星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)西(xi)游(you)”,谓星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)游(you)也。日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东,至(zhi)(zhi)季春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),复其正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)处,日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)而(er)行(xing)(xing),是春(chun)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),日(ri)(ri)从(cong)(cong)(cong)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)。夏则星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)北(bei)游(you),谓星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)游(you)也。日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南,至(zhi)(zhi)季夏,星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),复正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei),日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),至(zhi)(zhi)夏秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),日(ri)(ri)从(cong)(cong)(cong)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)也。秋则星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)东游(you),谓星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)东游(you)。日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi),至(zhi)(zhi)季秋星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),还(hai)复正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei),日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)而(er)行(xing)(xing),至(zhi)(zhi)秋冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),日(ri)(ri)从(cong)(cong)(cong)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)也。冬(dong)则星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)南游(you),谓星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)南游(you)。日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei),至(zhi)(zhi)季冬(dong)星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),还(hai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei),日(ri)(ri)依(yi)(yi)常(chang)行(xing)(xing)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao),至(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),日(ri)(ri)从(cong)(cong)(cong)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)也。郑(zheng)注《洪范》云:“四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),合於黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)也。”月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)与日(ri)(ri)同,故云“月(yue)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐”也。
其帝(di)黄(huang)帝(di),其神后土(tu)。此(ci)黄(huang)精之(zhi)君(jun),土(tu)官(guan)之(zhi)神,自古以来,著德立功者也。黄(huang)帝(di),轩辕氏也。后土(tu),亦颛顼(xu)氏之(zhi)子曰黎,兼为土(tu)官(guan)。
[疏]注“后土”至“土官”。
○正义曰(yue):按(an)昭二十九年《左(zuo)传》云:“颛顼(xu)氏有子(zi)曰(yue)犁(li)(li),为(wei)祝融。共工氏有子(zi)曰(yue)句(ju)龙(long),为(wei)后土。”后土为(wei)土官。知(zhi)此经后土非句(ju)龙(long)而为(wei)犁(li)(li)者,以(yi)句(ju)龙(long)初(chu)为(wei)后土,后转为(wei)社,后土官阙,犁(li)(li)则兼之,故郑注《大宗(zong)伯》云“犁(li)(li)食於(wu)火土”。以(yi)《宗(zong)伯》别云社稷,又云五(wu)祀,句(ju)龙(long)为(wei)社神(shen),则不得又为(wei)五(wu)祀,故云“犁(li)(li)兼”也。
其虫倮。象物露见不隐藏,虎豹之属,恒浅毛。
○倮,力果反,又乎(hu)瓦反。见(jian),贤遍反。
[疏]注“象物”至“浅毛”。
○正义曰:《大戴(dai)礼》及《乐(le)纬》云(yun):麟虫三(san)(san)百(bai)六十,龙为之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)。羽(yu)虫三(san)(san)百(bai)六十,凤(feng)为之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)。毛虫三(san)(san)百(bai)六十,麟为之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)。介虫三(san)(san)百(bai)六十,龟为之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)。倮虫三(san)(san)百(bai)六十,圣人为之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)。云(yun)“象(xiang)物(wu)露(lu)见(jian)不(bu)隐藏(zang)”者(zhe),案仲夏云(yun)“可以居高明”,“可以处台(tai)榭”。至(zhi)六月土王之(zhi)(zhi)时,物(wu)转(zhuan)盛大,露(lu)见(jian)不(bu)隐藏(zang)也。云(yun)“虎(hu)豹之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),恒(heng)浅毛”者(zhe),诸郑之(zhi)(zhi)所云(yun),皆象(xiang)四时之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),与鳞羽(yu)毛介相似者(zhe)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)取五(wu)灵之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang),故中央不(bu)言(yan)人,西云(yun)狐貉之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),东(dong)方兼言(yan)蛇(she),北方兼言(yan)鳖,是不(bu)取五(wu)灵也。
其音宫(gong)(gong)。声始於宫(gong)(gong),宫(gong)(gong)数(shu)八十一,属土者,以其最浊,君(jun)(jun)之象也。季夏之气和,则宫(gong)(gong)声调。《乐记(ji)》曰:“宫(gong)(gong)乱则荒,其君(jun)(jun)骄。”
[疏]注“声始”至“之象”。
○正义曰:按《律(lv)历志》,五声始於宫,阳数极於九,九九相乘(cheng),故数八十一。以(yi)五声中(zhong)最(zui)尊,故云“以(yi)其(qi)最(zui)浊,君(jun)之象也(ye)”。
律中黄(huang)锺之宫(gong)。黄(huang)锺之宫(gong)最长也。十(shi)二律转相(xiang)生,五(wu)声具(ju)终(zhong)於六十(shi)焉。季夏之气至,则黄(huang)锺之宫(gong)应。《礼运》曰(yue):“五(wu)声六律十(shi)二管(guan),还相(xiang)为(wei)宫(gong)。”
[疏]“律中”至“之宫”。
○正义曰:黄锺之宫,於诸宫为长。季夏土王,其声最重,谓土之声气,应此黄锺之宫声,非黄锺一声也。故特云律中者,黄锺之宫也。黄锺候气之管,本位在子。此是黄锺宫声,与中央土声相应,但土无候气之法,取黄锺宫声以应土耳,非候气也。故贺玚云:“黄锺是十一月管,何缘复应此月?正以土义居中,故虚设律於其月,实不用候气也。十二律互相为宫,据律主言之也。”崔灵恩云:“凡阴阳之管,合有十二律,律各为一调,迭相为宫,而生五声,合而成乐,黄锺宫最长,为声调之始,十二宫之主。宫音者,是五音之长,故与黄锺之调宫声相应。”此论宫声相应,非论候。此月气之相应,是以注云“季夏气至,则黄锺之宫应”,不直云黄锺之律应也。然则直言律应,不言宫者,明主为所候之气应也。直言“律中黄锺之宫”,不言律应者,明谓中央土声,与黄锺为宫音相应,非为气应也,故郑引《礼运》云“迭相为宫”以证之也。四时之律,皆取气应,而土王之律独取声应者,一者欲与四行为互,二者为无别候土气之管故也。土无候气之管者,以寄王四季之末,故从四时之管,而不别候也,唯以四行末十八日为土之气也。蔡氏及熊氏以为黄锺之宫,谓黄锺少宫也,半黄锺九寸之数,管长四寸五分,六月用为候气。按六月林锺之律长六寸,七月夷则长五寸三分有馀,何以四寸五分之律,於六月候之乎?又土声最浊,何得以黄锺平声相应乎?蔡、熊之说非也。
○注“黄锺”至“为宫”。
○正义曰:不(bu)云黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)律(lv)最(zui)长(zhang),而云“黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)最(zui)长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe),唯黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宫(gong)声(sheng)(sheng),於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)宫(gong)最(zui)长(zhang),故云“之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)”也(ye)。云“十(shi)二(er)律(lv)转相生,五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)具(ju)终於(wu)(wu)六十(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),故黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)调均(jun),则(ze)(ze)黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)宫(gong)。黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生林(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)徵,林(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生犬蔟为(wei)商,大蔟生南(nan)吕为(wei)羽,南(nan)吕生姑洗为(wei)角,此是黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一调之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)。凡十(shi)二(er)律(lv),律(lv)各有(you)五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng),则(ze)(ze)总有(you)六十(shi)声(sheng)(sheng),故云“终於(wu)(wu)六十(shi)声(sheng)(sheng)”。至《礼运》更具(ju)详(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi),云“季(ji)夏气至,则(ze)(ze)黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)应”者(zhe)(zhe),谓季(ji)夏土声(sheng)(sheng),与黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)声(sheng)(sheng)相应,以(yi)其(qi)非实候(hou)气,故不(bu)云黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)应,或本云律(lv)应者(zhe)(zhe)误也(ye)。引《礼运》“还相为(wei)宫(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe),证所(suo)明(ming)十(shi)二(er)律(lv)循环为(wei)宫(gong),声(sheng)(sheng)调则(ze)(ze)具(ju),而此经得黄(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)。
其数五。土生数五,成数十,但言五者,土以生为本。其味甘,其臭香。土之臭味也。凡甘香者,皆属之。其祀中霤,祭先心。中霤,犹中室也。土主中央,而神在室。古者复穴,是以名室为霤云。祀之先祭心者,五藏之次,心次肺,至此心为尊也。祀中霤之礼,设主於牖下,乃制心及肺肝为俎,其祭肉,心肺肝各一,他皆如祀户之礼。
○霤,力(li)又反。复,方服反。藏,才浪反。
[疏]注“中霤”至“之礼”。
○正(zheng)义曰:郑意言(yan)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)犹(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)(shi)”,乃(nai)是(shi)开牖(you)象(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)明(ming)(ming),则(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)不当栋,而(er)在(zai)室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang),故(gu)(gu)《丧礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“浴於中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu),饭於牖(you)下(xia)”,明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)不关牖(you)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“主(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)而(er)神(shen)(shen)在(zai)室(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)必在(zai)室(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),祭土神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。土,五行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)在(zai)室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)所(suo)(suo)祭则(ze)土神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)杜(du)注《春秋》云(yun)(yun):“在(zai)家则(ze)祀(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu),在(zai)野则(ze)为(wei)(wei)社也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)《郊特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)“家主(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu),而(er)国主(zhu)(zhu)社”,社神(shen)(shen)亦(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)复(fu)穴(xue)(xue),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)名室(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)霤(liu)(liu)云(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)谓(wei)室(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)未有宫室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。复(fu)穴(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)窟居(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)窟居(ju)随地(di)而(er)造,若(ruo)平地(di)则(ze)不凿,但累土为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)复(fu),言(yan)於地(di)上(shang)重(zhong)复(fu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)高(gao)地(di)则(ze)凿为(wei)(wei)坎,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)穴(xue)(xue),其(qi)(qi)(qi)形皆(jie)如(ru)(ru)陶灶,故(gu)(gu)《诗》云(yun)(yun)“陶复(fu)陶穴(xue)(xue)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)毛云(yun)(yun)“陶其(qi)(qi)(qi)土而(er)复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),陶其(qi)(qi)(qi)壤(rang)而(er)穴(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,郑云(yun)(yun)“复(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),复(fu)於土上(shang),凿地(di)曰穴(xue)(xue),皆(jie)如(ru)(ru)陶然”。故(gu)(gu)庾蔚云(yun)(yun)“复(fu)谓(wei)地(di)上(shang)累土,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)则(ze)穿地(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。复(fu)穴(xue)(xue)皆(jie)开其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)取(qu)明(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)雨霤(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)因名室(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)“祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)祭心(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe),五藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci),心(xin)(xin)次(ci)肺(fei),至此心(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,云(yun)(yun)“祀(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)霤(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),设主(zhu)(zhu)於牖(you)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe),开牖(you)象(xiang)霤(liu)(liu),故(gu)(gu)设主(zhu)(zhu)於牖(you)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五祀(si)(si)皆(jie)先(xian)(xian)席於室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奥,此不言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe),前祀(si)(si)户(hu)(hu)注巳备言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此别设主(zhu)(zhu),当庙(miao)室(shi)(shi)牖(you)内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)而(er)北乡也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)制心(xin)(xin)及(ji)肺(fei)肝为(wei)(wei)俎(zu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)祭肉,心(xin)(xin)肺(fei)肝各(ge)一,他(ta)皆(jie)如(ru)(ru)祀(si)(si)户(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)祭竟彻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),更陈(chen)鼎俎(zu),迎尸如(ru)(ru)祭户(hu)(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
天子居大庙大室,乘大路,驾黄緌,载黄旂,衣黄衣,服黄玉,食稷与牛,其器圜以闳。大庙大室,中央室也。大路,殷路也。车如殷路之制,而饰之以黄。稷,五穀之长。牛,土畜也。器圜者,象土周匝於四时。闳读如纮。弦谓中宽,象土含物。
○圜音于权反。闳音宏。长,丁丈反。畜呼(hu)又反,下金畜同。
[疏]注“大庙”至“含物”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):按(an)《考(kao)工记(ji)》云“周(zhou)人明(ming)堂”,“东(dong)(dong)西九(jiu)筵(yan),南北(bei)七筵(yan)”,“凡室(shi)二筵(yan)”,则五(wu)室(shi)并皆(jie)二筵(yan),无(wu)大(da)(da)小也(ye)。今中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)室(shi)称大(da)(da)室(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)是土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)室(shi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)为五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)称大(da)(da)。以(yi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世室(shi),则四(si)(si)旁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi),皆(jie)南北(bei)三步,东(dong)(dong)西三步三尺(chi);中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)室(shi),南北(bei)四(si)(si)步,东(dong)(dong)西四(si)(si)步四(si)(si)尺(chi)。则周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)堂,亦应土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)室(shi)在中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang),大(da)(da)於四(si)(si)角之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)也(ye),但文(wen)不(bu)具耳。云“大(da)(da)路(lu),殷路(lu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《明(ming)堂位》文(wen)也(ye)。形制似殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但服(fu)色(se)尚黄(huang),饰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黄(huang)耳。四(si)(si)时用鸾(luan)路(lu),此(ci)用大(da)(da)路(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)取尊大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。乘殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)路(lu),又(you)尚质之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),春有(you)青苍两色(se),夏有(you)朱(zhu)赤(chi)二色(se),此(ci)及秋(qiu)惟有(you)黄(huang)白(bai),不(bu)更加他(ta)色(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黄(huang)与白(bai)更无(wu)馀色(se)相涉,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。“牛(niu)(niu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)畜”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《易》“乾为马,坤(kun)为牛(niu)(niu)”,又(you)《五(wu)行(xing)传(chuan)》云“思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)睿,则有(you)牛(niu)(niu)祸”,是牛(niu)(niu)属(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)也(ye)。云“器圜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),象(xiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)周(zhou)匝(za)於四(si)(si)时”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),方则有(you)所不(bu)足(zu),圜则无(wu)所不(bu)覆,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云“象(xiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)周(zhou)匝(za)於四(si)(si)时”。云“闳(hong)读(du)如纮,纮谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)宽(kuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《祭义(yi)(yi)》云天子“冕而朱(zhu)纮”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)读(du)从此(ci)“纮”,谓(wei)组上属(shu)(shu)於冕,屈(qu)从颐下度(du)而还上属(shu)(shu)於冕,以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)宽(kuan)缓(huan),象(xiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)物也(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云“中(zhong)(zhong)宽(kuan),象(xiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)含(han)物”也(ye)。
孟秋之(zhi)月(yue),日在翼,昏(hun)建星(xing)中,旦毕中。孟秋者,日月(yue)会於鹑尾,而(er)斗建申之(zhi)辰也。
[疏]“孟秋”至“毕中”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):按《茸(rong)艹历》:七(qi)月(yue)节,日在(zai)张十八度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗四度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),去日一(yi)(yi)(yi)百一(yi)(yi)(yi)十四度(du)(du)(du),旦(dan)毕(bi)八度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。七(qi)月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong),日在(zai)翼十五度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗十六度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),去日一(yi)(yi)(yi)百一(yi)(yi)(yi)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du),旦(dan)井初度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。《元嘉历》:七(qi)月(yue)节,日在(zai)张五度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)箕二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),旦(dan)胃二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。七(qi)月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong),日在(zai)翼十度(du)(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗三度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong),旦(dan)昴七(qi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)。
其日庚辛。庚之言更也。辛之言新也。日之行,秋西从白道,成熟万物,月为之佐。万物皆肃然改更,秀实新成,又因以为日名焉。其帝少皞,其神蓐收。此白精之君,金官之臣,自古以来,著德立功者也。少皞,金天氏。蓐收,少皞氏之子曰该,为金官。
○少,诗召反,注(zhu)下放此(ci);少皞,黄帝之子。蓐音辱。
[疏]注“少皞”至“金官”。
○正义曰:案此秋(qiu)(qiu)云“其(qi)帝少(shao)皞”,在西方(fang)金(jin)位(wei)。《左传(chuan)(chuan)》昭元(yuan)年云,“昔金(jin)天氏(shi)(shi)(shi)有裔(yi)子曰昧,为(wei)玄(xuan)冥师,生允格、台(tai)骀(tai)”,称金(jin)天氏(shi)(shi)(shi),与少(shao)皞金(jin)位(wei)相当,故少(shao)昊(hao)则金(jin)天氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也。又《帝王世纪》“少(shao)皞帝号曰金(jin)天氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”。云“少(shao)皞氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之子曰该,为(wei)金(jin)官”者,按《左传(chuan)(chuan)》昭二十九年蔡墨云少(shao)昊(hao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之子该,又云“该为(wei)蓐收”,是为(wei)金(jin)神,佐(zuo)少(shao)皞於秋(qiu)(qiu)。蓐收者,言秋(qiu)(qiu)时万物(wu)摧(cui)辱而收敛(lian)。
其虫毛,象物应凉气而备寒。狐貉之属,生旃毛也。
○应,应对之应。貉,户各反,依字作貊。旃,之然反。其音商,三分徵益一以生商,商数七十二。属金者,以其浊次宫,臣之象也。秋气和则商声调。《乐记》曰:“商乱则陂,其宫坏。”
○陂,彼义反。
[疏]注“三分”至“官坏”。
○正义(yi)曰:按《律(lv)历志》云(yun)(yun),徵数(shu)(shu)五(wu)十(shi)四,三分之(zhi),则一(yi)分有十(shi)八。今(jin)於(wu)徵数(shu)(shu)五(wu)十(shi)有四更加十(shi)八,是商(shang)(shang)数(shu)(shu)七十(shi)二(er)也(ye)。凡五(wu)声,浊者(zhe)尊,清者(zhe)卑,为商(shang)(shang)声之(zhi)浊次(ci)於(wu)宫,宫既(ji)(ji)为君,商(shang)(shang)则为臣,故云(yun)(yun)“以其浊次(ci)宫,臣之(zhi)象也(ye)”。引《乐(le)记》云(yun)(yun)者(zhe),证(zheng)商(shang)(shang)为臣之(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“商(shang)(shang)乱则陂”者(zhe),谓商(shang)(shang)声杂乱,感(gan)动人心,令情性倾陂,情既(ji)(ji)不正,是以官司败坏(huai)也(ye)。
律中夷(yi)则(ze)(ze)。孟秋(qiu)气至,则(ze)(ze)夷(yi)则(ze)(ze)之(zhi)律应(ying)。夷(yi)则(ze)(ze)者(zhe),大吕之(zhi)所生也,三分(fen)去一,律长五寸(cun)七(qi)百二(er)十九(jiu)分(fen)寸(cun)之(zhi)四百五十一。《周(zhou)语》曰:“夷(yi)则(ze)(ze)所以咏歌九(jiu)则(ze)(ze),平民无贰。”
[疏]注“夷则”至“无贰”。
○正义曰:大吕长八(ba)(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四,三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)去一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),下(xia)生夷(yi)(yi)则,故夷(yi)(yi)则律(lv)长五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)九分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)去二(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),馀(yu)有(you)四寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai),又大吕一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen),今每寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)更三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)九分(fen)(fen),两个整寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),总有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)八(ba)(ba)分(fen)(fen)。其大吕二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四,每又三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四为三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen),益前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)八(ba)(ba),则总为一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)。下(xia)生三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)去一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),分(fen)(fen)作三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen),则每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)得(de)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi),去其一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi),馀(yu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)在(zai)(zai),是(shi)其积分(fen)(fen)以七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)九分(fen)(fen)为一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。益前四寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),为五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),馀(yu)有(you)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai),故云夷(yi)(yi)则“律(lv)长五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)九分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引“周(zhou)(zhou)语”以下(xia)者,证夷(yi)(yi)则之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。按《周(zhou)(zhou)语》注云,《乾》九五(wu)(wu)用事。夷(yi)(yi),平(ping)。则,法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言法(fa)度平(ping),故可(ke)咏歌九功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),平(ping)民使不(bu)贷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
其(qi)(qi)(qi)数九(jiu)。金(jin)(jin)生(sheng)数四,成(cheng)数九(jiu),但言九(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)数。其(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)辛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)臭(chou)腥。金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭(chou)味(wei)也。凡(fan)辛腥者(zhe)(zhe)皆属焉(yan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)祀门,祭(ji)先(xian)(xian)肝(gan)。秋阴(yin)气出,祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)门外阴(yin)也。祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)祭(ji)肝(gan)者(zhe)(zhe),秋为阴(yin)中,於(wu)藏(zang)直(zhi)肝(gan),肝(gan)为尊也。祀门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,北面设主於(wu)门左枢,乃制(zhi)肝(gan)及肺心为俎(zu),奠于主南。又设盛于俎(zu)东,其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)皆如(ru)祭(ji)灶(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。
[疏]注“祀之”至“之礼”。
○正(zheng)义曰:云(yun)“祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先祭肝(gan)(gan)者(zhe),秋为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)中(zhong),於(wu)(wu)(wu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)值肝(gan)(gan)”者(zhe),以阴(yin)气始於(wu)(wu)(wu)五(wu)月(yue),终於(wu)(wu)(wu)十月(yue),其(qi)(qi)七月(yue)八月(yue)为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),故云(yun)“秋为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)中(zhong)”。其(qi)(qi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气始於(wu)(wu)(wu)十一月(yue),终於(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)月(yue),正(zheng)月(yue)二月(yue)为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong),故正(zheng)月(yue)云(yun)“春为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)”。然阴(yin)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时兼有(you)(you)阳(yang)(yang)(yang),阳(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时兼有(you)(you)阴(yin),亦(yi)是(shi)阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)也。今五(wu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)肺(fei)最在(zai)(zai)前,心(xin)(xin)(xin)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),肝(gan)(gan)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),脾次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),肾(shen)为(wei)(wei)后。肝(gan)(gan)在(zai)(zai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)肺(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),脾肾(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),故云(yun)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)值肝(gan)(gan)”。然脾在(zai)(zai)肺(fei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)肝(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),肾(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),则是(shi)上(shang)有(you)(you)肺(fei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)肝(gan)(gan),下(xia)唯有(you)(you)肾(shen),不(bu)当其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),而(er)云(yun)“春为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong),於(wu)(wu)(wu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)值脾”者(zhe),但五(wu)行相次(ci),水则次(ci)木,故春继於(wu)(wu)(wu)冬,肾(shen)后则次(ci)脾,其(qi)(qi)火后则次(ci)土(tu),土(tu)后乃次(ci)金,故秋不(bu)得(de)(de)继夏(xia),由(you)隔(ge)於(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)。由(you)此(ci)脾不(bu)得(de)(de)继肺(fei),隔(ge)於(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)也。为(wei)(wei)此(ci)肝(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)有(you)(you)肺(fei)有(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin),脾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)唯有(you)(you)肾(shen),俱得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)也。云(yun)“北(bei)面(mian)设(she)主於(wu)(wu)(wu)门(men)左枢”者(zhe),谓(wei)庙(miao)门(men)外(wai)左枢北(bei)面(mian),以在(zai)(zai)门(men)外(wai),故主得(de)(de)南(nan)乡(xiang)而(er)北(bei)面(mian)设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“乃制肝(gan)(gan)及肺(fei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)俎,奠(dian)于主南(nan),设(she)盛於(wu)(wu)(wu)俎东”者(zhe),皆约《中(zhong)霤(liu)礼》文也。“其(qi)(qi)他(ta)皆如祭灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼”者(zhe),谓(wei)祭心(xin)(xin)(xin)肺(fei)肝(gan)(gan)各一,及祭醴三,并设(she)席(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)奥,迎尸(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)也。
凉风至,白露降,寒蝉鸣,鹰乃祭鸟,用始行戮。皆记时候也。寒蝉,寒蜩,谓蜺也。鹰祭鸟者,将食之,示有先也。既祭之后,不必尽食,若人君行刑,戮之而巳。
○戮音六。蜩,大彫反。蜺,五兮反,寒螀。
[疏]注“寒(han)蝉(chan)”至“而巳(si)”。正(zheng)义曰:按(an)《释虫》云:“蜺,寒(han)蜩。”郭景纯云:“寒(han)螀也(ye)。似(si)蝉(chan)而小,青赤。”“云“鹰祭鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)者,将食之,示有(you)先(xian)”者,谓鹰欲食鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)之时,先(xian)杀(sha)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)而不食,与人之祭食相(xiang)似(si),犹若(ruo)(ruo)供祀(si)先(xian)神,不敢即食,故云“示有(you)先(xian)也(ye)”。云“既(ji)祭之后(hou),不必尽食,若(ruo)(ruo)人君(jun)行(xing)刑(xing),戮之而巳(si)”者,以(yi)经“用始(shi)行(xing)戮”,不据事,以(yi)经唯记(ji)时候,谓鹰祭鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)之后(hou),杀(sha)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)不必尽食,犹若(ruo)(ruo)人君(jun)行(xing)刑(xing),但戮之而巳(si)。以(yi)人君(jun)行(xing)戮,明鹰之杀(sha),言鹰於此(ci)时始(shi)行(xing)戮鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)之事。
天子居总章左个,乘戎路,驾白骆,载白旂,衣白衣,服白玉,食麻与犬,其器廉以深。总章左个,大寝西堂南偏。戎路,兵车也,制如周革路,而饰之以白。白马黑鬛曰骆,麻实有文理,属金。大,金畜也。器廉以深,象金伤害物入藏。
○总(zong),子孔(kong)反。辂音(yin)洛,鬛音(yin)猎(lie),本(ben)亦作(zuo)髦,音(yin)毛;又(you)一(yi)本(ben)作(zuo)旄,毛也。
是月也,以立秋。先立秋三日,大史谒之天子曰:“某日立秋,盛德在金。”谒,告。
○先,悉荐反。天子乃齐。立秋之日,天子亲帅三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫以迎秋於西郊,还反,赏军帅、武人於朝。迎秋者,祭白帝白招拒於西郊之兆也。军帅,诸将也。武人,谓环人之属,有勇力者。
○帅,於类反,下同,本或作帅,注放此。朝,直遥反。拒音矩。将,子匠反,下同。天子乃命将帅选士厉兵,简练桀俊,专任有功,以征不义。征之言正也,伐也。诘诛暴慢,以明好恶,顺彼远方。诘,谓问其罪,穷治之也。顺犹服也。
○诘,去吉反(fan)(fan)。好恶,并(bing)如字,上呼报反(fan)(fan),下乌路(lu)反(fan)(fan)。
是月也,命有司脩法制,缮囹圄,具桎梏,禁止奸,慎罪邪,务搏执。顺秋气,政尚严。
○缮,巿战反。邪,似嗟反。搏音博。命理瞻伤,察创视折。理,治狱官也。有虞氏曰士,夏曰大理,周曰大司寇。创之浅者曰伤。
○创,初良反,注同。审断、决狱,讼必端平。端犹正也。
○审断决,丁乱反,下同;蔡徒管反,一读绝句,“决”字下属。戮有罪,严断刑。天地始肃,不可以赢。肃,严急之言也。赢犹解也。
○赢音(yin)盈,注同解,古(gu)卖反。
是(shi)月也(ye),农乃登穀。天子尝(chang)新,先荐寝庙(miao)。黍稷之(zhi)属,於(wu)是(shi)始孰(shu)。
[疏]“是月”至“寝庙”。
○正义曰:按(an)仲秋(qiu)云“以犬尝麻”,今(jin)不云牲者,皇氏云“不云牲,《记》文略也”。
命百官始收敛。顺秋气收敛物。完隄坊,谨壅塞,以备水潦。备者,备八月也。八月宿直毕,毕好雨。
○完,胡官反。隄,本又作堤,丁兮反。防,本又作坊,音房。壅,於勇反。好,呼报反。脩宫室,坏墙垣,补城郭。象秋收敛物当藏也。
○坏,步回反(fan)。垣音(yin)袁。
是月也,毋以封诸侯,立大官。毋以割地,行大使,出大币。古者於尝出田邑,此其月也。而禁封诸侯割地,失其义。
○使,疏吏反。
[疏]注“古者”至“其义”。
○正义曰:按《祭统(tong)》古者於尝也出田(tian)邑,尝谓秋祭,於此尝祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,王者割出田(tian)邑以(yi)与诸侯(hou)。今正是(shi)尝祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),而(er)禁封诸侯(hou)及(ji)割地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故云(yun)“失其义也”。郑(zheng)唯偏云(yun)不封诸侯(hou)及(ji)割地失其义,则(ze)毋立(li)大官,毋行(xing)大使,毋出大币为(wei)得礼,以(yi)其收敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)故也。
孟秋行冬令,则阴气大胜,亥之气乘之也。介虫败穀,介,甲也。甲虫属冬。败穀者,稻蟹之属。
○介音界,注同(tong)。蟹,胡(hu)买反。戎兵乃(nai)来。十月宿直营(ying)室,营(ying)室之气为害也。营(ying)室主(zhu)武事。
[疏]“孟秋”至“乃来”。
○正义曰:阴气大胜,天灾。介虫败穀,地灾。戎兵乃来,人灾也。
○注“介甲”至“之属”。
○正义曰:按《越语》云:“越伐吴,吴王使王孙雄请成於越,越王欲许之,范蠡不许。王孙雄谓范蠡曰:‘先人有言曰:无助天为虐,助天为虐者不祥。今吴稻蟹无遗种,子将助天为虐乎?’”注:“稻蟹,谓蟹食稻也。”
○注“营室”至“武士”。
○正义曰:按《元命包》云“营(ying)室星十(shi)六度,主(zhu)军之粮”,是主(zhu)武事也(ye)。
行春令,则其国乃旱,寅之气乘之也。云雨以风除也。阳气复还,五穀无实。阳气能生,而不能成。
○复还,扶又反(fan);下音环,又音旋(xuan)。
[疏]“其国”至“无实”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):其(qi)国乃旱,阳(yang)气复还,天灾也。五穀无(wu)实,地灾也。
行夏令,则国多火灾。巳之气乘之也。寒热不节,民多疟疾。疟疾,寒热所为也。今《月令》“疟疾”为“疾疫”。
○疟,鱼略反。
[疏]“国多”至“疟疾”。
○正义曰:国多(duo)火灾,寒热(re)不节(jie),天灾也。民多(duo)疟疾,人灾也。
仲秋之月,日在角,昏牵牛中,旦觜觿中。仲秋者,日月会于寿星,而斗建酉之辰也。
○觜,子(zi)斯反,又(you)子(zi)髓反。觿(xi),户圭反,又(you)户规反。
[疏]“仲秋”至“觿中”。
○正义曰:《茸(rong)艹历(li)(li)》:八月节,日(ri)在轸十(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗二(er)(er)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)度(du)(du)中,去(qu)日(ri)一百(bai)六(liu)(liu)度(du)(du),旦井二(er)(er)度(du)(du)中。八月中,日(ri)在角(jiao)十(shi)度(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)女三度(du)(du)中,去(qu)日(ri)一百(bai)六(liu)(liu)度(du)(du),旦井二(er)(er)十(shi)一度(du)(du)中。按(an)《元嘉历(li)(li)》:八月节,日(ri)在翼十(shi)七度(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗十(shi)四度(du)(du)中,旦毕十(shi)六(liu)(liu)度(du)(du)中。八月中,日(ri)在轸十(shi)五度(du)(du),昏(hun)(hun)斗二(er)(er)十(shi)四度(du)(du)中,旦井九度(du)(du)中。
其(qi)(qi)(qi)日庚辛。其(qi)(qi)(qi)帝少皞,其(qi)(qi)(qi)神蓐收。其(qi)(qi)(qi)虫(chong)毛。其(qi)(qi)(qi)音商,律(lv)中南吕。其(qi)(qi)(qi)数九。其(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)辛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)臭腥(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)祀门祭先肝(gan)。南吕者,大蔟之所生,三(san)分(fen)去一,律(lv)长五寸(cun)三(san)分(fen)寸(cun)之一。仲秋气至,则南吕之律(lv)应。《周语》曰:南吕者,赞阳秀(xiu)物。”
[疏]注“南吕”至“秀物”。
○正义曰:大(da)蔟(cu)长八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),三(san)分去(qu)一(yi),下生南吕(lv),三(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)去(qu)一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)去(qu)二(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),得四寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),又有(you)整二(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在。分一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)作三(san)分,二(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)六分,更三(san)分去(qu)一(yi),馀有(you)四分在。以三(san)分为(wei)一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),益前四寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)五(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),仍有(you)一(yi)分在,故云南吕(lv)“律(lv)长五(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)三(san)分寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之一(yi)”也。引“《周语》曰”以下者,证(zheng)南吕(lv)之义。按《周语》注“《坤(kun)》六二(er)(er)也”,“南,任也。阴任阳事,助成万物。赞佐也”,阴佐阳秀成物也。
盲风至,鸿雁来,玄鸟归,群鸟养羞。皆记时候也。盲风,疾风也。玄鸟,燕也。归谓去蛰也。凡鸟随阴阳者,不以中国为居。羞谓所食也。《夏小正》曰“九月,丹鸟羞白鸟”,说曰:“丹鸟也者,谓丹良也。白鸟也者,谓闽蚋也。其谓之鸟者,重其养者也。有翼为鸟,养也者,不尽食也。”二者文异,群鸟、丹良,未闻孰是。
○盲,亡庚反。闽音文,依字(zi)作蟁(wen),又作蚊。蚋,人锐反,又如悦反。养(yang),馀亮反,下(xia)同。
[疏]注“盲风”至“孰是”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):“盲(mang)风,疾风”者(zhe)(zhe),皇(huang)氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“秦人谓(wei)疾风为(wei)盲(mang)风”。“玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao),燕”者(zhe)(zhe),《释(shi)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)》文(wen)。玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)归(gui)为(wei)仲秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)候,玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)至不(bu)为(wei)仲春之(zhi)(zhi)候,由别与(yu)郊禖为(wei)候,或可仲春时候非一,故(gu)记(ji)时候之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)载玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)随阴阳者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国为(wei)居”者(zhe)(zhe),凡鸟(niao)(niao)(niao),鸿雁(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)季(ji)秋(qiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鸿雁(yan)来宾”,言来宾是(shi)不(bu)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国为(wei)居。皇(huang)氏之(zhi)(zhi)说,即(ji)兼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao),以其(qi)称归(gui)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。然玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)蛰,不(bu)远在(zai)四夷,而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国为(wei)居”者(zhe)(zhe),他物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)蛰近在(zai)本处,今玄(xuan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)蛰,虽不(bu)远在(zai)四夷,必(bi)於幽僻(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)处,非中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)常(chang)见,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国为(wei)居”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羞(xiu)谓(wei)所(suo)食(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《夏小正(zheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“羞(xiu)者(zhe)(zhe)进(jin)也(ye)(ye)。”若食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)珍(zhen)羞(xiu)相似,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羞(xiu)谓(wei)所(suo)食(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《夏小正(zheng)》曰(yue)‘九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)羞(xiu)白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)’”者(zhe)(zhe),今按《大戴礼(li)》“八月(yue),丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)羞(xiu)白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)”,今云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),郑所(suo)见本异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)以白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)为(wei)珍(zhen)羞(xiu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)羞(xiu)白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“说曰(yue)丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)”以下至“不(bu)尽食(shi)”,皆(jie)《小正(zheng)》文(wen)。“白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)闽蚋也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)者(zhe)(zhe),重(zhong)其(qi)所(suo)养”者(zhe)(zhe),丹(dan)良(liang)是(shi)虫,乃谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao),是(shi)重(zhong)其(qi)所(suo)养之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),不(bu)尽食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),虽虫而为(wei)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye),但未(wei)知丹(dan)良(liang)竟(jing)是(shi)何物(wu),皇(huang)氏以为(wei)丹(dan)良(liang)是(shi)萤火。今按《尔(er)雅(ya)·释(shi)虫》郭(guo)氏等诸释(shi),皆(jie)不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)萤火是(shi)丹(dan)良(liang),未(wei)闻皇(huang)氏何所(suo)依据。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“二者(zhe)(zhe)文(wen)异(yi),群(qun)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)丹(dan)良(liang),未(wei)闻孰是(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《月(yue)令(ling)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群(qun)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)养羞(xiu)”,《夏小正(zheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丹(dan)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)羞(xiu)白(bai)(bai)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)”,是(shi)二者(zhe)(zhe)文(wen)异(yi)。《月(yue)令(ling)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群(qun)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)”,《夏小正(zheng)》说者(zhe)(zhe)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丹(dan)良(liang)”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群(qun)鸟(niao)(niao)(niao)、丹(dan)良(liang),未(wei)闻孰是(shi)”。
天子居(ju)总章大庙,乘戎(rong)路,驾白骆,载白旂,衣(yi)白衣(yi),服白玉(yu),食麻与犬,其器廉以深(shen)。总章,大庙西堂当大室也(ye)。
是月也,养衰老,授几杖,行縻粥饮食。助老气也。行犹赐也。
○縻,亡皮反。粥,之六反,《字林》羊六反。
○乃命司服,具饬衣裳,文绣有恒,制有小大,度有长短。此谓祭服也。文谓画也。祭服之制,画衣而绣裳。
○饬,丑力反,后放此。衣服有量,必循其故。此谓朝燕及他服凡此为寒益至也。《诗》云:“七月流火,九月授衣。”於是作之可也。
○量音量,下“度量”同。朝,直遥反。为,于伪反,下“为民”同。冠带有常。因制衣服而作之也。
○乃命有司申严百刑,斩杀必当。毋或枉桡,枉桡不当,反受其殃。申,重也。当谓值其罪。
○当,丁浪反(fan),下“不当”及注同(tong)。枉,纡往反(fan)。桡(rao),女教反(fan),又乃(nai)绞反(fan),《字林(lin)》作挠,非。重(zhong),直用反(fan)。
[疏]“是月”至“其殃”。
○正义曰:此论养老及制衣服之事,皆此月所为,故言“是月”。所命有司斩杀必当,虽异衣服养老,但此事起孟秋,此月申严而巳,故附於养老衣服之下,不更别言“是月”也。自“乃命祝宰”至“先荐寝庙”,论循行牺牲享祭上帝,并“难以达秋气”,“犬以尝麻”,总是祠祀之事,事异於上,故言“是月”。自“可以筑城郭”至“行罪无疑”,论筑造城邑,收敛积聚,劝课种麦,为农为民,亦事异於上,故云“是月”。自“日夜分”至“角斗甬”,论昼夜既等,齐平度量,又事异於前,故言“是月”。自“易关市”至“慎因其类”,论秋物新成,使民财丰备,无逆于天,有顺於时,亦事异於前,故言“是月”。
○注“此谓”至“绣裳”。
○正义曰:此云“文绣”,又下文别云“衣服有量”,故郑知此经谓祭服也。经云“具饬衣裳”,饬谓正也,言备具正理衣裳。云“文谓画也”者,以经文与绣相对,祭服裳绣而衣画,故以文为画也。云”祭服之制,画衣而绣裳”者,按《尚书·咎繇谟》云“予欲观古人之象,日、月、星、辰、山、龙、华虫,作会”,是衣画也;“宗彝、藻、火、粉、米、黼黻、絺绣”,是裳绣也。画色轻,故在衣以法天;绣色重,故在裳以法地也。
○“衣服有量,必循其故”。
○正义曰:此朝燕等之衣服,小大长短,及制度采色,皆有度量,必因循故法也,不得别更改造。此云“循其故”,上云“文绣有恒”,恒则故也。但上是祭服,委曲言之。
○注“此谓”至“之可”。
○正义曰:上是祭服,故知此是朝燕也。“及他服”者,谓战伐田猎等之服。引《诗》“七月流火”者,证寒之益至,故作衣服。此《诗》是《邠风》,周公所作。周公因管、蔡流言,遂陈先公居豳施化之事,言七月之时,火星西流,九月之时,常授民以衣服。
○注“申重”至“其罪”。
○正义曰:“申(shen),重(zhong)也”,《释诂》文。云“当(dang)谓(wei)(wei)值其罪(zui)”者,言断决罪(zui)人之时(shi),必须当(dang)值所犯之罪(zui)。经云“枉桡(rao)不(bu)当(dang)”,枉谓(wei)(wei)违法曲断,桡(rao)谓(wei)(wei)有理不(bu)申(shen),应(ying)重(zhong)乃轻(qing),应(ying)轻(qing)更(geng)重(zhong),是其不(bu)当(dang)也。
是月也,乃命宰祝循行牺牲,视全具,案刍豢,瞻肥瘠,察物色,必比类,量小大,视长短,皆中度。五者备当,上帝其飨。於鸟兽肥充之时,宜省群牲也。宰祝,太宰、大祝,主祭祀之官也。养牛羊曰刍,犬豕曰豢。五者,谓所视也,所按也,所瞻也,所察也,所量也。此皆得其正,则上帝飨之;上帝飨之,而无神不飨也。
○行,下(xia)孟(meng)反(fan)。刍(chu),初俱反(fan),草也。豢音患(huan),养(yang)也,以所食得(de)名。瞻音占。瘠(ji),在亦反(fan)。中,丁仲反(fan)。
[疏]“乃命”至“其飨”。
○正义曰:此月鸟兽肥充,因宜省视,故命之“循行牺牲”以下之事也。
○“视全具”者,亦宰祝所视也,下皆然。王肃云:“纯色曰牺,体完曰全。”
○“按刍豢”者,食草曰刍,食穀曰豢,皆按行之也。“瞻肥瘠”者,瞻亦视也。肥,充也。瘠,瘦也。
○“察物色”者,物色,骍黝之别也。《周礼》阳祀用骍,阴祀用黝,望祀各以其方之色也。
○“必比类”者,巳行故事曰比,品物相随曰类,五方本异其色,是比也。大皞配东,亦用青,是其类也。
○“量小大”者,大谓牛羊豕成牲者,小谓羔豚之属也。
○“视长短”者,谓天地之牛角茧栗,宗庙之牛角握之属也。
○“五者备当,上帝其飨”者,上帝,天也。若事事当法,则天神飨之也。
○注“宰祝”至“曰豢”。
○正义曰(yue):按(an)《周礼·大宰(zai)职》“祀五(wu)帝(di),则掌百官之(zhi)誓(shi)戒”,“及执事(shi),视(shi)涤濯,及纳享(xiang),赞王(wang)牲事(shi)”,故郑(zheng)知此视(shi)牲由(you)大宰(zai)。云“养牛(niu)羊曰(yue)刍,犬(quan)(quan)豕曰(yue)豢”者,按(an)《充人》云“祀五(wu)帝(di),系於牢刍之(zhi)三月(yue)”,是(shi)牛(niu)羊曰(yue)刍。按(an)《乐记》云“豢豕为酒”,《周礼·犬(quan)(quan)人》云“掌豢祭祀之(zhi)犬(quan)(quan)”,是(shi)犬(quan)(quan)豕曰(yue)豢。
天子乃难,以达秋气。此难,难阳气也。阳暑至此不衰,害亦将及人。所以及人者,阳气左行,此月宿直昴毕,昴毕亦得大陵积尸之气,气佚则厉鬼亦随而出行,於是亦命方相氏帅百隶而难之。《王居明堂礼》曰:“仲秋,九门磔禳,以发陈气,御止疾疫。”
○难,乃多反,注同。
[疏]注“此难”至“疾疫”。
○正义(yi)曰:季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)及(ji)季(ji)(ji)春难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),皆(jie)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye),恐(kong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)”,言(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)衰(shuai),害亦(yi)(yi)(yi)将及(ji)人也(ye)。秋凉(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)后,阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)应退(tui),至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)退(tui),是凉(liang)反热(re),故(gu)害及(ji)於人。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)(yi)(yi)将及(ji)人”者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓对季(ji)(ji)春,言(yan)季(ji)(ji)春之(zhi)(zhi)时,阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)右行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),日(ri)在(zai)昴毕之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),得(de)大(da)陵积(ji)尸(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)为(wei)灾。今此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)左行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),至(zhi)於昴毕,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)大(da)陵积(ji)尸(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)(yi)(yi)将及(ji)人”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)左行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)宿直昴毕”者(zhe),以(yi)天左旋,星辰与斗建循天而(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)斗建在(zai)酉,酉是昴毕本位,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宿直昴毕”也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)八月(yue)合昏之(zhi)(zhi)时,斗柄(bing)建指(zhi)昴毕本位,其(qi)(qi)(qi)昴毕之(zhi)(zhi)星,於时在(zai)寅(yin)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“气(qi)(qi)(qi)佚(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)厉鬼随而(er)(er)出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe),大(da)陵既为(wei)积(ji)尸(shi)(shi),秋时又得(de)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)增益,疾(ji)病应气(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)感(gan),故(gu)厉鬼随而(er)(er)出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)(yi)(yi)命方相(xiang)(xiang)氏”者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)季(ji)(ji)冬(dong),以(yi)《周礼》季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)命方相(xiang)(xiang)氏,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。引《王居明堂(tang)礼》者(zhe),证仲(zhong)秋难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)发陈气(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe),谓秋时凉(liang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)新至(zhi),发去阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)陈气(qi)(qi)(qi),防御禁止疾(ji)疫(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。既引《明堂(tang)礼》“仲(zhong)秋,九门磔禳(rang)(rang)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)磔禳(rang)(rang)也(ye),但文不(bu)(bu)备耳。季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”,明九门磔禳(rang)(rang),季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)称大(da),则(ze)(ze)(ze)贵(gui)贱皆(jie)为(wei)也(ye)。季(ji)(ji)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”,熊氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唯天子诸侯有国为(wei)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子乃(nai)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”,唯天子得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi),阳(yang)(yang)是君象,则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸侯以(yi)下不(bu)(bu)得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)。按(an)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)大(da)陵,俱致积(ji)尸(shi)(shi)疫(yi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)。按(an)十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)于(yu)危(wei)虚(xu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)于(yu)虚(xu)危(wei)而(er)(er)为(wei)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe),以(yi)十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)初起,未能(neng)与阴(yin)相(xiang)(xiang)竞(jing)(jing),故(gu)无(wu)疫(yi)疾(ji)可(ke)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。六月(yue)宿直柳鬼,阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)微(wei),阴(yin)始(shi)动,未能(neng)与阳(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)竞(jing)(jing),故(gu)无(wu)疾(ji)害可(ke)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)。季(ji)(ji)冬(dong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)阳(yang)(yang)初起而(er)(er)为(wei)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe),以(yi)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)虚(xu)危(wei),又是一岁之(zhi)(zhi)终,总除疫(yi)气(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)为(wei)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)磔禳(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng),按(an)《小司(si)徒职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“小祭祀奉(feng)牛牲(sheng)(sheng)。”又《牧(mu)人》:“凡毁事,用(yong)(yong)駹可(ke)也(ye)。”是则(ze)(ze)(ze)用(yong)(yong)牛也(ye)。《羊(yang)(yang)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡沈辜(gu)侯禳(rang)(rang),共(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)牲(sheng)(sheng)。”《犬人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡几珥沈辜(gu),用(yong)(yong)駹可(ke)也(ye)。”《鸡(ji)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“面禳(rang)(rang)共(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鸡(ji)牲(sheng)(sheng)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)用(yong)(yong)羊(yang)(yang)、用(yong)(yong)犬、用(yong)(yong)鸡(ji)也(ye)。盖大(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)用(yong)(yong)牛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀杂禳(rang)(rang),大(da)者(zhe)用(yong)(yong)羊(yang)(yang)、用(yong)(yong)犬、小者(zhe)用(yong)(yong)鸡(ji),此(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)熊氏之(zhi)(zhi)说也(ye)。
以犬尝麻,先荐寝庙。麻始熟也。是月也,可以筑城郭,建都邑,穿窦窖,脩囷仓。为民将入物当藏也。穿窦窖者,入地隋曰窦,方曰窖。《王居明堂礼》曰:“仲秋,命庶民毕入于室,曰‘时杀将至,毋罹其灾’。”
○窦音豆。窖,古孝反(fan)(fan)。囷(jun),丘伦反(fan)(fan)。隋,他(ta)果反(fan)(fan),谓狭而长。
[疏]注“隋曰”至“其灾”。
○正义曰:隋(sui)者(zhe)似(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)非方(fang)(fang)(fang),似(si)圆(yuan)非圆(yuan),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)名窦(dou),与窖(jiao)相似(si),故云(yun)“隋(sui)曰窦(dou)”。“方(fang)(fang)(fang)曰窖(jiao)”者(zhe),窦(dou)既(ji)为(wei)(wei)隋(sui)圆(yuan),故以(yi)(yi)窖(jiao)为(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)也。引《王居明堂礼(li)》,证(zheng)此月“筑城(cheng)郭(guo),建都邑”之(zhi)意。云(yun)“杀气(qi)将至(zhi),无罹其(qi)灾”者(zhe),於此仲(zhong)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)时(shi),戒敕於民(min)曰,此时(shi)杀害气(qi)将欲至(zhi),民(min)当(dang)入(ru)(ru)室(shi),无在田(tian)野(ye),罹被其(qi)灾。按(an)《豳诗》十月之(zhi)后云(yun):“嗟我(wo)妇子,曰为(wei)(wei)改岁(sui),入(ru)(ru)此室(shi)处。”此仲(zhong)秋(qiu)(qiu)已入(ru)(ru)室(shi)者(zhe),但(dan)仲(zhong)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)时(shi),耘锄(chu)既(ji)了,暂时(shi)入(ru)(ru)室(shi),以(yi)(yi)避(bi)阴灾,未尽成熟(shu),须(xu)出野(ye)收敛。至(zhi)十月之(zhi)后,又入(ru)(ru)室(shi)避(bi)寒,所以(yi)(yi)不同。
乃命有司趣民收敛,务畜菜,多积聚。始为御冬之备。
○趣,七住反(fan)(fan),本又(you)作(zuo)趋,又(you)七录反(fan)(fan)。务(wu)畜,丑六反(fan)(fan)。乃(nai)劝(quan)种麦,毋或失时,其有失时,行(xing)罪(zui)无疑。麦者,接绝续之(zhi)之(zhi)穀,尤重(zhong)之(zhi)。
[疏]注“麦者”至“重之”。
○正义(yi)曰:前年(nian)秋穀(gu),至(zhi)夏(xia)绝(jue)尽,后年(nian)秋穀(gu),夏(xia)时未(wei)登,是(shi)其绝(jue)也(ye)。夏(xia)时人民粮食阙短(duan),是(shi)其乏也(ye)。麦乃(nai)夏(xia)时而(er)熟(shu),是(shi)接其绝(jue),续其乏也(ye)。“尤(you)重(zhong)之”者,以黍稷百(bai)穀(gu),不云(yun)劝(quan)种,於(wu)麦独(du)劝(quan)之,是(shi)尤(you)重(zhong)故也(ye)。蔡(cai)氏(shi)云(yun):“阳气初胎於(wu)酉,故八(ba)月(yue)种麦,应(ying)时而(er)生也(ye)。”
是月也,日夜分,雷始收声,蛰虫坏户,杀气浸盛,阳气日衰,水始涸。又记时候也。雷始收声在地中,动内物也。坏,益也。蛰虫益户,谓稍小之也。涸,竭也。此甫八月中,雨气未止,而云水竭,非也。《周语》曰:“辰角见而雨毕,天根见而水涸。”又曰:“雨毕而除道,水涸而成梁。”辰角见,九月本也。天根见,九月末也。《王居明堂礼》曰:“季秋除道致梁,以利农也。”
○坏音(yin)陪(pei)。浸,子鸩反。涸(he),户各反。见(jian),贤遍反,下同。
[疏]注(zhu)“雷(lei)始(shi)”至(zhi)(zhi)“利农”。正义曰(yue):知“动(dong)(dong)(dong)内物”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)雷(lei)是(shi)阳气(qi)(qi)(qi),主(zhu)於(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong),不(bu)惟地中(zhong)潜伏而(er)(er)(er)(er)巳(si)。至(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)阳初(chu)生,震(zhen)下(xia)(xia)坤上(shang),复(fu)卦用事,震(zhen)为(wei)(wei)动(dong)(dong)(dong),坤为(wei)(wei)地,是(shi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)於(wu)地下(xia)(xia),是(shi)从此(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)始(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)(dong)(dong)内物也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“蛰(zhe)虫益户,稍小之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),户谓(wei)穴也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)土增益穴之(zhi)四畔,使通明(ming)处稍小。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)然者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)将至(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)坏之(zhi)稍小,以(yi)(yi)(yi)时气(qi)(qi)(qi)尚温,犹须(xu)出入,故十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寒(han)甚,乃(nai)闭之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)甫八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)未(wei)止(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)水(shui)竭(jie),非(fei)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),甫,始(shi)也(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)在九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)初(chu),今此(ci)(ci)始(shi)八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)中(zhong),对九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)始(shi),八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宿直昴(mao)毕(bi),毕(bi)星(xing)主(zhu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)未(wei)止(zhi)”,今言“水(shui)竭(jie),非(fei)也(ye)(ye)”。引《周语(yu)(yu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)水(shui)始(shi)涸(he)(he),不(bu)得在八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角,大(da)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)苍龙之(zhi)角。角,星(xing)名。见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe),朝见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)东方(fang),杀气(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)盛,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)尽也(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)根(gen)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)水(shui)涸(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)根(gen),亢氐之(zhi)间,谓(wei)寒(han)露雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)之(zhi)后(hou)五日(ri),天(tian)根(gen)朝见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),水(shui)潦(liao)尽竭(jie)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)除(chu)道(dao),水(shui)涸(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)梁”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》上(shang)文既(ji)(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“水(shui)涸(he)(he)”,下(xia)(xia)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)除(chu)道(dao)”,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)又(you)曰(yue)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)除(chu)道(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)梁者(zhe)(zhe),《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》注(zhu)“除(chu)道(dao),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)便行旅通也(ye)(ye)。成(cheng)梁,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使民(min)不(bu)涉”,皆《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》注(zhu)文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)本,天(tian)根(gen)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)末”,此(ci)(ci)郑之(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)。“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)本”谓(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)初(chu)也(ye)(ye)。按《律历(li)志》角十(shi)二度(du),亢九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)度(du),天(tian)根(gen)在亢之(zhi)后(hou),辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角与(yu)天(tian)根(gen)相去二十(shi)一(yi)度(du)馀(yu)(yu),日(ri)校一(yi)度(du),则九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)本与(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)末相去二十(shi)一(yi)日(ri)有馀(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)韦昭注(zhu)《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)之(zhi)后(hou),五日(ri)天(tian)根(gen)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),不(bu)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),盖辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)渐而(er)(er)(er)(er)毕(bi),毕(bi)后(hou)五日(ri),始(shi)天(tian)根(gen)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),中(zhong)间亦校二十(shi)馀(yu)(yu)日(ri)也(ye)(ye),非(fei)谓(wei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)五日(ri)则天(tian)根(gen)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)。《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》皆谓(wei)朝见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)今《管历(li)》验之(zhi)亦然。而(er)(er)(er)(er)皇氏云(yun)(yun)(yun):九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)时,辰(chen)(chen)(chen)角天(tian)根(gen)昏(hun)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)东方(fang),未(wei)闻也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)知何意如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)说。此(ci)(ci)《周语(yu)(yu)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)单襄公聘宋,假(jia)道(dao)於(wu)陈,见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)灵公与(yu)孔宁(ning)仪(yi)行父如夏氏,单襄公归告(gao)周定王(wang)之(zhi)辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)。郑又(you)引《王(wang)居明(ming)堂礼(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毕(bi)水(shui)涸(he)(he)在季(ji)秋也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“除(chu)道(dao)致梁以(yi)(yi)(yi)利农”者(zhe)(zhe),农既(ji)(ji)收刈,当运辇,故法地治(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),水(shui)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)梁,便利民(min)之(zhi)转(zhuan)运,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利农也(ye)(ye)。
日夜分,则同度量,平权衡,正钧石,角斗甬。是月也,易关市,来商旅,纳货贿,以便民事。四方来集,远乡皆至,则财不匮,上无乏用,百事乃遂。易关市,谓轻其税,使民利之。商旅,贾客也。匮亦乏也。遂犹成也。
○易,以豉反,注同。便,婢面反。匮,其位反,注同。贾音古,又古雅反。
○凡举(ju)大(da)事(shi)(shi),毋逆大(da)数,必顺其时,慎因其类。事(shi)(shi)谓(wei)兴(xing)土功(gong),合诸侯(hou),举(ju)兵(bing)众也。季(ji)夏禁之,孟秋始征伐(fa)。此(ci)月筑(zhu)城(cheng)郭,季(ji)秋教田猎,是(shi)以(yi)於(wu)中为之戒(jie)焉。
[疏]“是月”至“其类”。
○正义曰:关市之处,轻其赋税,不为节碍,是易关市也。关市既易,则商旅自来,是来商旅也。商旅既来,则货贿自入,是纳货贿也。以此之故,便利民人之事,四方总来聚集,远乡於是皆至。货贿既多,则库财不匮,所须皆供,故国无乏用,上下丰足,故百事乃遂。遂,成也。百事皆成,於此之时,兴举其事,无逆天之大数,必须顺其阴阳之时,谨慎因其事类,不可烦乱妄为。
○注“事谓”至“戒焉”。
○正义曰:以此月云(yun)“筑城郭”,故云(yun)“事谓兴土功(gong)”。孟秋云(yun)“始征伐”,季(ji)秋云(yun)“教田(tian)猎(lie)”,故云(yun)“合(he)诸(zhu)侯,举兵(bing)众也”。但此月上有孟秋始征伐,下以季(ji)秋教田(tian)猎(lie),故云(yun)“是以於(wu)中为之戒焉”。
仲秋行春令,则秋雨不降。卯之气乘之也。卯宿直房心,心为天火。草木生荣,应阳动也。
○应,应对之应。国乃有恐。以火讹相惊。
○恐,丘勇反。
[疏]“仲秋”至“有恐”。
○正义曰:“秋雨不降”,天灾。“草木生荣”,地灾。“国乃有恐”,人灾。
○注“宿直房心,心为大火”。
○正义曰:郑云此者,解仲秋行春令时雨不降之意。仲秋是应雨之时,今行春之令,位当卯,致大火之气,火是积阳,故时雨不降。
○注“以火讹相惊”。
○正义曰:以仲秋(qiu)致仲春火(huo)气,故有火(huo)。但仲秋(qiu)为(wei)金,仲春为(wei)木,金能(neng)(neng)克(ke)(ke)木。又仲秋(qiu)雨水,水又克(ke)(ke)火(huo),火(huo)竟不能(neng)(neng)为(wei)害(hai),但以讹伪言语相(xiang)惊,故云(yun)“以火(huo)讹相(xiang)惊”。
行夏令,则其国乃旱,蛰虫不藏,五穀复生。午之气乘之也。
○复,扶又反。
[疏]“其国”至“复生”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):“其国乃旱”,天灾(zai)也。“蛰(zhe)虫不藏,五(wu)穀复(fu)生”,地灾(zai)也。
行冬令,则风灾数起。子之气乘之也。北风杀物。
○数,所角反(fan)。收(shou)雷先(xian)行。先(xian)犹蚤也(ye)。冬(dong)主闭藏(zang)。草木(mu)蚤死。寒气(qi)盛也(ye)。
[疏]“风灾”至“蚤死”。
○正义曰:“风灾(zai)(zai)数起,收雷先行”,天灾(zai)(zai)。“草木(mu)蚤死(si)”,地灾(zai)(zai)也。