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礼记正义卷六十一 昏义第四十四

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

卷(juan)六十一 昏义第(di)四十四

  陆(lu)曰:“郑(zheng)云(yun):‘《昏义》者,以其记娶(qu)妻之(zhi)义,内教之(zhi)所由(you)成也。’”

[疏]正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue):案郑《目(mu)录(lu)(lu)》云(yun):“名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)《昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)义(yi)(yi)》者,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)记(ji)娶(qu)(qu)妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),内教之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)由成也(ye)。此(ci)於《别(bie)录(lu)(lu)》属(shu)《吉事》也(ye)。”谓之(zhi)(zhi)“昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)”者,案郑《昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)礼目(mu)录(lu)(lu)》云(yun):“娶(qu)(qu)妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼,以(yi)(yi)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)为(wei)(wei)期,因(yin)名(ming)(ming)焉。”必以(yi)(yi)“昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)”者,取其(qi)阴来(lai)阳(yang)往之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。日(ri)入后(hou)二刻半(ban)为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)。以(yi)(yi)定称之(zhi)(zhi),婿(xu)(xu)曰(yue)(yue)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),妻(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)姻(yin),故《经解》注云(yun)“婿(xu)(xu)曰(yue)(yue)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),妻(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)姻(yin)”是(shi)也(ye)。谓婿(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)来(lai),妻(qi)(qi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)去也(ye)。若婿(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)与妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),名(ming)(ming)婿(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)属(shu)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)姻(yin),女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)属(shu)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),故郑注《昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)礼》云(yun)“女(nv)氏(shi)称昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),婿(xu)(xu)氏(shi)称姻(yin)”。《尔雅》“婿(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)父为(wei)(wei)姻(yin),妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)父为(wei)(wei)婿(xu)(xu)”,又云(yun)“婿(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)(wei)姻(yin)兄弟,妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)(wei)婚兄弟”是(shi)也(ye)。其(qi)天地初分之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),遂皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)夫(fu)妇(fu)。故《通卦验》云(yun)“遂皇(huang)始出,握机矩(ju)”,是(shi)法北斗(dou)七(qi)(qi)星而(er)(er)立七(qi)(qi)政。《礼纬(wei)·斗(dou)威(wei)仪》之(zhi)(zhi)篇,七(qi)(qi)政,则(ze)(ze)(ze)君(jun)臣父子(zi)夫(fu)妇(fu)及政等。既称夫(fu)妇(fu),是(shi)始自(zi)遂皇(huang)也(ye)。谯周云(yun)“太昊(hao)制(zhi)嫁娶(qu)(qu),俪皮为(wei)(wei)礼”,是(shi)俪皮起(qi)於太昊(hao)也(ye)。其(qi)媒官之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),具於《月令》疏。《孟子(zi)》云(yun)“舜(shun)不告而(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)”,是(shi)娶(qu)(qu)告父母,亦起(qi)於五(wu)(wu)帝(di)也(ye)。其(qi)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)以(yi)(yi)前为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),不限同(tong)姓(xing)异(yi)姓(xing)。三(san)(san)王(wang)以(yi)(yi)来(lai),文家(jia)异(yi)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun),质家(jia)同(tong)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)。其(qi)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)几,案《异(yi)义(yi)(yi)》:《大(da)戴》说(shuo):男三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、女(nv)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)娶(qu)(qu),合为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),应大(da)衍之(zhi)(zhi)数,目(mu)天子(zi)达(da)於庶人,同(tong)一也(ye)。故《春秋左(zuo)氏(shi)》说(shuo),“国(guo)君(jun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)生子(zi),礼也(ye)”;二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)嫁,三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu),庶人礼也(ye)。礼,夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)殇(shang),长(zhang)殇(shang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六,知夫(fu)年(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),见《士昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)礼》也(ye)。许君(jun)谨案:舜(shun)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不娶(qu)(qu),谓之(zhi)(zhi)鳏;文王(wang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)生武王(wang),尚有(you)兄伯邑考,知人君(jun)早(zao)、娶(qu)(qu),不可以(yi)(yi)年(nian)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),非重继嗣(si)也(ye)。若郑意,依正礼,士及大(da)夫(fu)皆三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)后(hou)娶(qu)(qu)。及礼云(yun)“夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)妇(fu)长(zhang)殇(shang)”者,关异(yi)代也(ye)。或(huo)有(you)早(zao)娶(qu)(qu)者,非正法矣。天子(zi)、诸侯昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)礼则(ze)(ze)(ze)早(zao)矣。如《左(zuo)氏(shi)》所(suo)(suo)释,《毛诗》所(suo)(suo)用《家(jia)语》之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo),以(yi)(yi)男二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)冠,女(nv)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)笄,自(zi)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),可以(yi)(yi)嫁娶(qu)(qu),至(zhi)男三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),女(nv)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)正昏(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),与家(jia)语异(yi)也(ye)。

昏礼者,将合二姓之好,上以事宗庙,而下以继后世也,故君子重之。是以昏礼纳采、问名、纳吉、纳徵、请期,皆主人筵几於庙,而拜迎於门外,入揖让而升,听命於庙,所以敬慎重正昏礼也。听命,谓主人听使者所传婿家之命。
  ○昏(hun)者,一本作“昏(hun)礼者”,婚礼用昏(hun),故(gu)经典多止作昏(hun)字(zi)。合,如字(zi),徐音(yin)閤(he)。好,呼报(bao)反(fan)。采(cai),七在反(fan),采(cai)择也。期(qi),徐音(yin)情(qing),又如字(zi)。筵音(yin)延。使,色(se)吏(li)反(fan)。传,直专反(fan)。

[疏]“昏礼”至“礼也”。
  ○正义曰:此一节总明昏礼之义,而拜迎於门外,揖让而升,自从始至终也。
  ○“纳采”者,谓采择之礼,故《昏礼》云:“下达,纳采,用雁也。”必用雁者,《白虎通》云:“雁,取其随时而南北,不失节也。又是随阳之鸟,妻从夫之义也。”“问名”者,问其女之所生母之姓名,故《昏礼》云“谓谁氏”,言母之女何姓氏也。此二礼一使而兼行之。
  ○“纳吉”者,谓男家既卜得吉,”与女氏也。
  ○“纳徵者,纳聘财也。徵,成也。先纳聘财,而后昏成,《春秋》则谓之“纳币”。其庶人则缁帛五两;卿大夫则玄纁,玄三纁二,加以俪皮;及诸侯加以大璋,天子加以穀圭,皆具於《周礼》经、注也。“请期”者,谓男家使人请女家以昏时之期,由男家告於女家。何必“请”者,男家不敢自专,执谦敬之辞,故云“请”也。女氏终听男家之命,乃告之。纳吉、纳徵、请期每一事,则使者二人行。惟纳徵无雁,以有币故,其馀皆用雁。
  ○“主人筵几於庙”者,谓行此等之礼。主人,谓女父母设筵几於祢庙。此等皆据《士昏礼》而知之也。
  ○“听命於庙”者,谓女(nv)之(zhi)父母,听受(shou)婿之(zhi)使者之(zhi)命於庙堂之(zhi)上两楹之(zhi)间也。

父亲醮子而命之迎,男先於女也。子承命以迎,主人筵几於庙,而拜迎于门外。壻执雁入,揖让升堂,再拜奠雁,盖亲受之於父母也。降出,御妇车,而壻授绥,御轮三周,先俟于门外。妇至,壻揖妇以入,共牢而食,合卺而酳,所以合体同尊卑,以亲之也。酌而无酬酢曰醮。醮之礼,如冠醮与?其异者,於寝耳。壻御妇车,轮三周,御者代之,壻自乘其车,先道之归也。“共牢而食,合卺而酳”,成妇之义。
  ○醮(jiao),子(zi)妙反(fan)(fan)。迎,鱼敬反(fan)(fan),下“以迎”同(tong)(tong)。先,悉荐(jian)反(fan)(fan)。子(zi)承命(ming),本或(huo)作(zuo)“子(zi)承父命(ming)”,误。壻,或(huo)又(you)(you)作(zuo)聟(xu),悉计(ji)反(fan)(fan),女之夫(fu)也(ye)(ye),依字(zi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)士(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)胥,俗从(cong)(cong)(cong)知(zhi),下作(zuo)耳。奠,大见(jian)反(fan)(fan)。绥音(yin)(yin)虽。合,徐(xu)音(yin)(yin)閤,又(you)(you)如字(zi)。卺,徐(xu)音(yin)(yin)谨,破瓢为(wei)卮也(ye)(ye),《说文》作(zuo)“”,云:“蠡也(ye)(ye)。”《字(zi)林》几敏反(fan)(fan),以此(ci)“卺”为(wei)“警(jing)”,身有所承。《说文》云:“读若赤舄几。”酳,徐(xu)音(yin)(yin)胤,又(you)(you)仕(shi)觐反(fan)(fan)。酢音(yin)(yin)昨(zuo)。如冠(guan),古(gu)乱(luan)反(fan)(fan),下“又(you)(you)始於冠(guan)”同(tong)(tong)。与(yu)音(yin)(yin)馀。道音(yin)(yin)导。

[疏]“父亲”至“之也”。
  ○正义曰:此一节明亲迎之时,父之醮子,明夫妇之节。
  ○“父亲醮子而命之迎”者,谓壻父身亲以酒醮子,而命之亲迎也。
  ○“男先於女也”者,释命亲迎之意。所以必命迎者,欲使男往迎之,女则从男迎来也。是男子先迎,女从后至,是男先於女也。若男子不迎,女自来至,是女自先来,不得为“男先於女”也。
  ○“主人筵几於庙,而拜迎于门外”者,主人,女之父,以壻来亲迎,故拜迎於门外,以敌礼待之。
  ○“壻执雁入,揖让升堂,再拜奠雁”者,主人就东阶,初入门将曲揖,当阶北面揖,当碑揖,至阶三让。主人升自阼阶,揖,壻升自西阶,北面奠雁再拜,盖亲受之於父母也。於时女房中南面,母在房户外之西,南面,壻既拜讫,旋降出。女出房南面,立於母左,父西面诫之,女乃西行,母南面诫之,是壻亲受之於父母。但亲受之,非是分明手有亲受,示有亲受之义,故云“盖”以疑之。
  ○“降出,御妇车”者,谓壻降西阶而出,亲御妇车也。
  ○“而壻授绥”者,谓妇升车之时,而壻授之以绥。
  ○“御轮三周”者,谓壻御妇车之轮三匝,然后御者代壻御之。
  ○“妇至,壻揖妇以入”者,谓妇至壻之寝门,壻揖以妇入,则稍西避之。故《魏诗》云“宛然左辟”,谓此时也。
  ○“共牢而食”者,在夫之寝,壻东面,妇西面,共一牲牢而同食,不异牲。
  ○“合卺而酳”者,酳,演也。谓食毕饮酒,演安其气。卺,谓半瓢,以一瓢分为两瓢,谓之卺。壻之与妇各执一片以酳,故云“合卺而酳”。
  ○“所以合体同尊卑,以亲之也”者,“同尊卑”,谓共牢也。“所以合体同尊卑”者,欲使壻之亲妇,妇亦亲壻,所以体同为一,不使尊卑有殊也。
  ○注“酌而”至“归也”。
  ○正义曰:以乡饮(yin)酒礼(li)(li)、燕礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)属,皆为宾主相酬酢(zuo),故(gu)不(bu)称(cheng)醮,则(ze)但(dan)受爵者,饮(yin)而尽之(zhi)(zhi),又不(bu)反相酬酢(zuo),直醮尽而已,故(gu)称(cheng)“醮”也。然醴亦无酬酢(zuo),不(bu)云“醮”者,以醴尚质不(bu)为饮(yin)也,故(gu)不(bu)称(cheng)“醮”,但(dan)礼(li)(li)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)而已。云“醮之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),如(ru)冠(guan)醮与?其(qi)异者,於寝(qin)耳(er)”者,以父之(zhi)(zhi)醮子(zi),令其(qi)亲迎,与醮子(zi)冠(guan)而成人其(qi)事相似(si),故(gu)云“如(ru)冠(guan)醮与”。但(dan)冠(guan)礼(li)(li)醮子(zi)在(zai)庙,此醮子(zi)在(zai)寝(qin),故(gu)云“其(qi)异者,在(zai)寝(qin)耳(er)”。

敬慎重正,而后亲之,礼之大体,而所以成男女之别,而立夫妇之义也。男女有别,而后夫妇有义;夫妇有义,而后父子有亲;父子有亲,而后君臣有正。故曰“昏礼者,礼之本也”。言子受气性纯则孝,孝则忠也。
  ○别,彼列反,下(xia)同。

[疏]“敬慎”至“本也”。
  ○正义曰:前经明共牢合卺,使之相亲。此经论谨慎重正礼之根本,各随文解之。
  ○“敬慎重正”者,言行昏礼之时,必须恭敬谨慎,尊重正礼,而后男女相亲。若不敬慎重正,则夫妇久必离异,不相亲也。
  ○“昏(hun)礼(li)(li)者,礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)”者,夫妇昏(hun)姻之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),是诸礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)。所以昏(hun)礼(li)(li)为(wei)礼(li)(li)本(ben)(ben)者,昏(hun)姻得所,则受(shou)气(qi)纯和,生子必孝,事(shi)君(jun)必忠(zhong)。孝则父子亲,忠(zhong)则朝廷正,故《孝经》云:“丧则致其(qi)哀,祭则致其(qi)严。”是昏(hun)礼(li)(li)为(wei)诸礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)。

夫礼始於冠,本於昏,重於丧祭,尊於朝聘,和於射乡。此礼之大体也。始,犹根也。本,犹幹也。乡,乡饮酒。
  ○朝聘,直(zhi)遥反,下匹正(zheng)反。

[疏]“夫礼”至“体也”。
  ○正义曰:此经因昏(hun)礼(li)为诸侯之本,遂(sui)广明礼(li)之始终(zhong)。始则在於冠、昏(hun),终(zhong)则重於丧祭,其间(jian)有朝(chao)聘、乡射,是礼(li)之大体之事也。

夙兴,妇沐浴以俟见。质明,赞见妇於舅姑,妇执笲,枣、栗段脩以见。赞醴妇,妇祭脯醢,祭醴,成妇礼也。成其为妇之礼也。赞醴妇,当作“礼”,声之误也。
  ○沐音木。浴音欲。见,贤遍反,下及注同。笲音烦,一音皮彦反,器名,以苇若竹为之,其形如筥,衣之以青缯,以盛枣栗腶脩之属。枣音早,《尔雅》云“棘实谓之枣”,俗作“{来来},误。段脩,丁乱反,本又作腶,或作锻,同,脩脯也。加姜桂曰腶脩。何休云:“妇执腶脩者,取其断断自脩饰也。”赞醴,依注作礼。醢音海。舅姑入室,妇以特豚馈,明妇顺也。以馈明妇顺者,供养之礼主於孝顺。
  ○妇以特豚馈,其位反,一本无“妇”字。供,俱用反。养,羊尚反。厥明,舅姑共飨妇以一献之礼,奠酬,舅姑先降自西阶,妇降自阼阶,以著代也。言既献之,而授之以室事也。降者,各还其燕寝。妇见及馈享於適寝。《昏礼》不言“厥明”,此言之者,容大夫以上礼多,或异耳。
  ○適,丁历反。上,时掌反。

[疏]“夙兴”至“代也”。
  ○正义曰:此论昏礼明日妇见舅姑,舅姑醴妇,又舅姑入室,妇馈特豚,又明日舅姑飨妇之节。此即士昏礼也,故有特豚馈於舅姑。若大夫以上,非惟特豚而已。虽以士为主,亦兼明大夫,故有“厥明,舅姑共飨妇”。若士妇见舅姑之日,即舅姑享妇,故《士昏礼》舅姑醴妇,醴妇既讫,则享之,不待厥明也。
  ○“妇执笲,枣栗段脩以见”者,案《士昏礼》“舅坐於阼阶西面,姑坐于房外南面,妇执笲,枣栗进,东面拜奠于舅席。讫,妇又执腶脩升,进北面,拜奠于姑席”是也。
  ○“赞醴妇,妇祭脯醢,祭醴”者,案《士昏礼》:妇席于户牖间,赞者酌醴置於席前北面,妇於席西东面拜受,赞者西阶上北面拜送,妇又拜荐脯醢。妇升席左执觯,右祭脯醢。讫,以柶祭醴三。是“祭脯醢,祭醴也”。
  ○“成妇礼也”者,言所以见舅姑及醴之者,成其为妇之礼也。
  ○“舅姑入室,妇以特豚馈”者,案《士昏礼》:“舅姑入于室,妇盥,馈特豚,合升,侧载,无鱼腊,无稷,并南上。”其他如取女礼。郑注云:“侧载者,右胖载之舅俎,左胖载之姑俎,异尊卑。并南上者,舅姑共席于奥,其馔各以南为上。”是“特豚馈”也。
  ○“明妇顺也”者,言所以“特豚馈”者,显明其为妇之孝顺也。
  ○“厥明,舅姑共飨妇以一献之礼,奠酬”者,案《士昏礼》云,既言舅姑荐俎醢,以《乡饮酒》之礼约之,席在室外户之西,舅酌酒於阼阶献妇,妇西阶上拜受,即席,祭荐祭酒毕,於西阶上北面卒爵。妇酢舅,舅於阼阶上受酢,饮毕,乃酬妇。先酌自饮毕,更酌酒以酬姑。姑受爵奠於荐左,不举爵,正礼毕也。
  ○“以著代也”者,言所以舅姑降自西阶,妇降自阼阶,是舅姑所升之处。今妇由阼阶而降,是著明代舅姑之事也。
  ○注“降者”至“异日”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:“各还(hai)其燕(yan)寝(qin)”者,舅姑还(hai)舅姑之燕(yan)寝(qin),妇还(hai)妇之燕(yan)寝(qin)也(ye)。云(yun)“妇见(jian)及老(lao)於適(shi)寝(qin)”者,谓舅姑之適(shi)寝(qin)。云(yun)“《昏(hun)礼》不言(yan)厥(jue)明(ming),此言(yan)之者,容大夫以上礼多,或异(yi)日”,以此云(yun)“厥(jue)明(ming)”,与《士昏(hun)礼》异(yi)也(ye)。

成妇礼,明妇顺,又申之以著代,所以重责妇顺焉也。妇顺者,顺於舅姑,和於室人,而后当於夫,以成丝麻、布帛之事,以审守委积盖藏。室人,谓女妐、女叔、诸妇也。当,犹称也。后言称夫者,不顺舅姑,不和室人,虽有善者,犹不为称夫也。
  ○当,丁浪反,一音于郎反,下注同,下注“和当”亦同。委,於伪反。积,子赐反。藏,才浪反。犹称,尺证反,下同。是故妇顺备而后内和理,内和理而后家可长久也。故圣王重之。顺备者,行和当,事成审也。
  ○行,下孟反。

[疏]“成妇”至“重之”。
  ○正义曰:此经明上经成妇礼、明妇顺之事。若妇顺既成,则室家长久,故圣王所重也。
  ○“成妇礼”者,则上经“妇祭脯醢,祭醴”之等,是成妇礼也。
  ○“明妇顺”者,则上经“舅妇入室”,“以特豚馈”,是明妇顺也。
  ○“又申之以著代”者,则上经“妇降自阼阶,以著代”是也。申,重也。既明妇礼顺,又重加之以著代之义也。
  ○“所以重责妇顺焉也”者,言成妇礼、明妇顺则重著代,所以厚重责妇人之孝顺焉。分之则妇礼、妇顺、著代三者别文,皆总归於妇顺,故自此以下,唯申明妇顺也。
  ○“以审守委积盖藏”者,言既当夫氏,又成妇事,以此详审保守家之所有委积掩盖藏聚之物也。
  ○“注室人谓女妐、女叔、诸妇也”。
  ○正义曰:经既言“顺於舅姑”,乃“和於室人”,是在室之人,非男子也。女妐,谓婿之姊也。女叔,谓婿之妹。诸妇,谓娣姒之属。
  ○注云“备顺者,行和当,事成审也”。
  ○正义曰:行,是(shi)(shi)顺(shun)於舅姑;和,谓和於室人;当,谓当於夫(fu),则前经所说是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云“事成(cheng)审”者,则前经“以成(cheng)丝麻布帛之事,以审守委积(ji)盖藏”,是(shi)(shi)事成(cheng)审也(ye)。

是以古者妇人先嫁三月,祖祢未毁,教于公宫。祖祢既毁,教于宗室。教以妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功;教成,祭之,牲用鱼,芼之以蘋藻,所以成妇顺也。谓与天子、诸侯同姓者也。嫁女者,必就尊者教成之。教成之者,女师也。祖庙,女所出之祖也。公,君也。宗室,宗子之家也。妇德,贞顺也。妇言,辞令也。妇容,婉娩也。妇功,丝麻也。祭之,祭其所出之祖也。鱼、蘋藻,皆水物,阴类也。鱼为俎实,蘋藻为羹菜。祭无牲牢,告事耳,非正祭也,其齐盛用黍云。君使有司告之。宗子之家,若其祖庙已毁,则为坛而告焉。
  ○先,悉荐反(fan)。芼,莫报(bao)反(fan)。蘋(pin)音(yin)(yin)(yin)频。藻音(yin)(yin)(yin)早。《毛诗》:“于以采(cai)蘋(pin),于以采(cai)藻。”《诗》笺云(yun):“蘋(pin)之言(yan)宾(bin),藻之言(yan)早。”婉(wan),纡免反(fan)。婉(wan)贞貌,《诗》笺云(yun):“婉(wan)娩(mian),贞顺貌。”又音(yin)(yin)(yin)挽。齐音(yin)(yin)(yin)咨。坛,徒丹反(fan)。

[疏]“是以”至“顺也”。
  ○正义曰:此经更发明前经成妇顺之事。所以能成妇德者,以未嫁之前,先教以四德。故此经明嫁所教之事。
  ○“祖祢未毁,教于公宫”者,此谓与君为骨肉,亲庙有四,高祖之庙未毁除,此欲嫁之女教于公宫也。“祖庙既毁,教於宗室”者,谓与君四从以外,同高祖之父以上,其庙既迁,是“祖庙既毁”,此女则教於大宗子之室。
  ○“教成,祭之”者,谓三月教之,其教已成,祭女所出祖庙,告以教成也。
  ○“所以成妇顺也”者,以为未嫁之前,先教四德。又祭而告,但成其为妇之顺,欲使嫁而为妇,举遵此教而成和顺。
  ○注“谓与”至“告焉”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰:此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“教(jiao)(jiao)於公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,故(gu)知(zhi)是天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)同(tong)姓(xing)也(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)当言王宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。今经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,知(zhi)兼(jian)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)”,谓(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye),若(ruo)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑官家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)尔(er),非谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)《昏义(yi)》虽(sui)记士(shi)昏礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,自此(ci)(ci)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),广明(ming)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)教(jiao)(jiao)女(nv)及夫妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)此(ci)(ci)经(jing)教(jiao)(jiao)女(nv)举贵者(zhe)言。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“嫁女(nv)者(zhe),必就尊者(zhe)教(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),按《内则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)》:“女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)年不出,使(shi)(shi)姆(mu)教(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”明(ming)已前恒教(jiao)(jiao),但嫁前三(san)月特就公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao),欲尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),女(nv)师(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe),即《诗·周南》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言告(gao)(gao)师(shi)氏(shi)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《昏礼(li)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“姆(mu),妇人五十(shi)(shi)无子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出”者(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao),女(nv)所(suo)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)女(nv)父与(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)分出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),或与(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)而分出,以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皆然(ran),与(yu)(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)共高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),庙(miao)未(wei)毁,所(suo)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv),皆自公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)虽(sui)七庙(miao),亲庙(miao)上自高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)恐唯谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)解“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”为(wei)(wei)“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)”。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)皆称君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)室,宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)也(ye)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)注(zhu)不云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)悉(xi)得教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)近(jin)者(zhe),於大(da)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)远者(zhe),於小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)《记》谓(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)姓(xing),若(ruo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)姓(xing),异(yi)姓(xing)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)在者(zhe),其(qi)后(hou)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong),其(qi)族(zu)人嫁女(nv),各於其(qi)家(jia)(jia)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),祭(ji)(ji)其(qi)所(suo)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)女(nv)出於君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao),出於君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皆然(ran)。女(nv)亲行祭(ji)(ji),《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谁(shei)其(qi)尸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)(you)齐季女(nv)”是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)(ji)无姓(xing)牢(lao),告(gao)(gao)事耳(er),非正(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)应用牲(sheng)(sheng)牢(lao),今其(qi)俎(zu)唯鱼,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“告(gao)(gao)事耳(er),非正(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)齐盛(sheng)用黍(shu)”者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)不用正(zheng)(zheng)牲(sheng)(sheng),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无稻粱。既以(yi)蘋藻为(wei)(wei)羹,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)当有(you)(you)(you)齐盛(sheng),此(ci)(ci)士(shi)祭(ji)(ji)特牲(sheng)(sheng)黍(shu)稷,故(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)用黍(shu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),约《杂记》“衅庙(miao),使(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,故(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)告(gao)(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji),亦(yi)使(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)也(ye)。若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)卿大(da)夫以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)女(nv)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)掌其(qi)礼(li)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)已毁,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)而告(gao)(gao)焉(yan)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或同(tong)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),假令宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)士(shi),只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)父、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao),曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)、高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)无庙(miao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)於宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)而告(gao)(gao)焉(yan)。若(ruo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)告(gao)(gao)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)焉(yan)。若(ruo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)告(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)焉(yan)。此(ci)(ci)注(zhu)或有(you)(you)(you)作“墠”者(zhe),误(wu)也(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)知(zhi)者(zhe),以(yi)《祭(ji)(ji)法》篇,適士(shi)二庙(miao)一坛(tan)(tan)(tan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曾(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)也(ye)。大(da)夫三(san)庙(miao)二坛(tan)(tan)(tan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)及高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)。或可宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)中士(shi)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi),但有(you)(you)(you)二庙(miao)无坛(tan)(tan)(tan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)墠而告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

古者天子后立六宫、三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻,以听天下之内治,以明章妇顺,故天下内和而家理。天子立六官、三公、九卿、二十七大夫、八十一元士,以听天下之外治,以明章天下之男教,故外和而国治。故曰:“天子听男教,后听女顺天子理阳道,后治阴德;天子听外治,后听内职。教顺成俗,外内和顺,国家理治,此之谓盛德。”天子六寝,而六宫在后,六官在前,所以承副,施外内之政也。三夫人以下百二十人,周制也。三公以下百二十人,似夏时也。合而言之,取其相应,有象大数也。内治,妇学之法也。阴德,谓主阴事、阴令也。
  ○嫔,毗(pi)人反。治,直吏反,下及注除“后治阴德”皆同。应(ying)如字(zi),音应(ying)对(dui)之应(ying)。

[疏]“古者”至“盛德”。
  ○正义曰:此一经因上夫妇昏礼之事,故此明天子与后各立其官,掌内外之事,法阴阳所为。但后之所立六宫,周之法也,天子所为立六官,夏之制也。欲见其数相当,故以夏、周相对为内、外也。
  ○注“天子”至“令也”。
  ○正义曰:按《宫(gong)人》云(yun):“掌王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修。”注(zhu)云(yun):路寝一(yi),小寝五。是(shi)天子(zi)六(liu)(liu)寝也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“六(liu)(liu)宫(gong)在后”者,后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)宫(gong)在王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,亦大寝一(yi),小寝五。其(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)嫔以(yi)(yi)下,亦分(fen)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)三夫人,虽不(bu)分(fen)居(ju)六(liu)(liu)宫(gong),亦分(fen)主(zhu)六(liu)(liu)宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),或(huo)二宫(gong)则一(yi)人也(ye)(ye),或(huo)犹如三公分(fen)主(zhu)六(liu)(liu)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“六(liu)(liu)官在前”者,六(liu)(liu)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,在王六(liu)(liu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,其(qi)三孤亦分(fen)主(zhu)六(liu)(liu)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职,总谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)卿。故《考工记》云(yun)“外有九(jiu)(jiu)室,九(jiu)(jiu)卿朝焉”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“三公以(yi)(yi)下,百(bai)二十人”者,周三百(bai),此(ci)百(bai)二十人,延於百(bai)数,故云(yun)“似夏时(shi)”。以(yi)(yi)无正文(wen),故称“似”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“内治,妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)”者,案《九(jiu)(jiu)嫔职》云(yun)“掌妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法”,故知(zhi)内治是(shi)妇学也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“阴(yin)(yin)德,谓主(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)、阴(yin)(yin)令也(ye)(ye)”者,案《内宰(zai)》:“掌王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)阴(yin)(yin)令。”注(zhu)云(yun):“阴(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi),谓群妃御(yu)见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。阴(yin)(yin)令为王所求,为於北宫(gong)也(ye)(ye)。”

是故男教不脩,阳事不得,適见於天,日为之食。妇顺不脩,阴事不得,適见於天,月为之食。是故日食则天子素服而脩六官之职,荡天下之阳事。月食则后素服而脩六宫之职,荡天下之阴事。故天子之与后,犹日之与月,阴之与阳,相须而后成者也。適之言责也。食者,见道有亏伤也。荡,荡涤去秽恶也。
  ○適,直革反,下注同。见,贤遍反,下及注同。日为,于伪反,下文皆同。荡,徒浪反。涤,直历反,又杜亦反。去,起吕反。秽,纡废反。天子脩男教,父道也。后脩女顺,母道也。故曰:“天子之与后,犹父之与母也。”故为天王服斩衰,服父之义也。为后服资衰,服母之义也。父母者,施教令於妇子者也,故其服同。资,当为“齐”,声之误也。
  ○衰(shuai),七雷反,下同(tong)。资,依注作齐,音咨,注又作“”者,同(tong)。

[疏]“是故”至“义也”。
  ○正义曰:此以下说男女之教,若其不得,日月为之適食。又明天子与后是父之与母之义。
  ○“是故(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食则(ze)天(tian)子素服而脩六官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职,荡(dang)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)事”者,谓救日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食者素服荡(dang),除天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)事。“有(you)(you)(you)秽恶”者,案(an)《左传(chuan)》昭三十一(yi)年“十二(er)月(yue)(yue),辛(xin)亥朔(shuo)(shuo),日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,庚午之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)始有(you)(you)(you)谪。谪,谓日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi),气(qi)见於上(shang),所(suo)以(yi)责人君也。故(gu)《诗》云(yun):“十月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交,朔(shuo)(shuo)月(yue)(yue)辛(xin)卯。日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦孔(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丑。”又云(yun):“此日(ri)(ri)(ri)而食,于(yu)何(he)不(bu)(bu)臧?”是君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)善(shan)而日(ri)(ri)(ri)食。凡(fan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食,若(ruo)壬(ren)午朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《左传(chuan)》云(yun):“公问於梓慎,‘祸福何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)’?对曰:‘二(er)至(zhi)二(er)分,日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)也。日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行也,分同道也,至(zhi)相过也。其他(ta)月(yue)(yue),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai),阳(yang)不(bu)(bu)克也,故(gu)常为(wei)(wei)(wei)水也。’”然(ran)《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十月(yue)(yue),则(ze)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八月(yue)(yue),秋分日(ri)(ri)(ri)食而为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)者,以(yi)辛(xin)卯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),卯往(wang)侵(qin)辛(xin),木(mu)反克金,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)。昭七年夏(xia)(xia)(xia)四月(yue)(yue)甲辰(chen)朔(shuo)(shuo),日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而大(da)咎卫君上(shang)卿。四月(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)月(yue)(yue),为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)者,以(yi)其甲辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),甲为(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu),辰(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)士,卯当克士,今(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食,土反克木(mu),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)也。昭二(er)十一(yi)年秋七月(yue)(yue)壬(ren)午朔(shuo)(shuo)而日(ri)(ri)(ri)食,壬(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)水,午为(wei)(wei)(wei)火,水应克火,而日(ri)(ri)(ri)食,火反克水,不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)者,以(yi)秋七月(yue)(yue),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五月(yue)(yue),是壬(ren)午之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),得(de)有(you)(you)(you)克壬(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)。杜预以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)假(jia)日(ri)(ri)(ri)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)以(yi)戒惧(ju)人君,其言(yan)若(ruo)信(xin)若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)信(xin),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)定以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)验也。

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