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夫《诗(shi)》者(zhe),论功颂德之(zhi)歌(ge),止僻防邪之(zhi)训,虽无(wu)为而(er)自发,乃有益於(wu)(wu)生(sheng)灵(ling)。六情(qing)静(jing)於(wu)(wu)中,百物荡於(wu)(wu)外,情(qing)缘(yuan)物动,物感(gan)情(qing)迁。若政(zheng)遇醇(chun)和,则欢娱被於(wu)(wu)朝野,时当(dang)惨黩,亦怨剌(la)形(xing)於(wu)(wu)咏歌(ge)。作(zuo)之(zhi)者(zhe)所以畅怀舒愤,闻之(zhi)者(zhe)足以塞违从正。发诸情(qing)性,谐於(wu)(wu)律吕,故曰“感(gan)天地,动鬼神(shen),莫近(jin)於(wu)(wu)《诗(shi)》”。此乃《诗(shi)》之(zhi)为用(yong),其(qi)利大(da)矣。
若夫(fu)哀乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi),冥於自然(ran),喜怒(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端,非(fei)由人事。故燕雀表啁噍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感,鸾(luan)凤有(you)歌舞(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容。然(ran)则《诗》理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先,同夫(fu)开辟,《诗》迹(ji)所用,随运而移(yi)。上皇(huang)道质,故讽谕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情寡。中古政繁,亦讴歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理切(qie)。唐、虞乃(nai)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)初,牺、轩莫测其(qi)(qi)(qi)始。於后时经五代,篇有(you)三千,成(cheng)、康(kang)没(mei)而颂声寝(qin),陈(chen)灵兴而变(bian)风(feng)息。先君宣父,釐正遗文,缉其(qi)(qi)(qi)精华(hua),褫其(qi)(qi)(qi)烦重,上从周(zhou)始,下暨鲁僖(xi),四(si)百年閒,六(liu)诗备(bei)矣。卜(bu)商(shang)阐其(qi)(qi)(qi)业,雅颂与金石同和(he);秦(qin)正燎其(qi)(qi)(qi)书,简牍与烟(yan)尘共尽。汉氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,《诗》分为四(si):申(shen)公腾芳(fang)於鄢郢,毛氏(shi)光价(jia)於河閒,贯长卿传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於前,郑康(kang)成(cheng)笺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於后。晋、宋、二萧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,其(qi)(qi)(qi)道大行(xing);齐、魏两河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒,兹风(feng)不坠。
其近代(dai)为(wei)义疏(shu)者(zhe),有全缓、何胤(yin)、舒瑗、刘轨思、刘丑(chou)、刘焯、刘炫等。然(ran)焯、炫并聪颖特达(da),文而(er)又儒,擢秀幹於(wu)一时,骋(cheng)绝(jue)辔於(wu)千(qian)里,固诸儒之所揖让,日下之无双,於(wu)其所作疏(shu)内特为(wei)殊绝(jue)。今奉敕(chi)删(shan)定,故(gu)据以为(wei)本(ben)。然(ran)焯、炫等负恃才气,轻(qing)鄙(bi)先达(da),同其所异(yi),异(yi)其所同,或(huo)应略(lve)而(er)反详(xiang),或(huo)宜(yi)详(xiang)而(er)更略(lve),准其绳墨,差忒未免,勘其会同,时有颠踬。今则(ze)削其所烦,增(zeng)其所简,唯意存於(wu)曲直,非有心於(wu)爱(ai)憎(zeng)。谨与(yu)朝(chao)散(san)大夫行太学博士臣王德韶、徵事郎守四门博士臣齐威等对(dui)共讨论(lun),辨详(xiang)得失。至(zhi)十(shi)六年(nian),又奉敕(chi)与(yu)前脩疏(shu)人及给(ji)事郎守太学助教(jiao)云骑(qi)尉臣赵乾(qian)叶、登仕郎守四门助教(jiao)云骑(qi)尉臣贾普曜等,对(dui)敕(chi)使(shi)赵弘智覆更详(xiang)正,凡为(wei)四十(shi)卷,庶以对(dui)扬圣范,垂(chui)训幼蒙,故(gu)序其所见,载(zai)之於(wu)卷首(shou)云尔。