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周礼注疏·卷二在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

●卷四

  大宰之职,掌建邦之六典,以佐王治邦国:一曰治典,以经邦国,以治官府,以纪万民;二曰教典,以安邦国,以教官府,以扰万民;三曰礼典,以和邦国,以统百官,以谐万民;四曰政典,以平邦国,以正百官,以均万民;五曰刑典,以诘邦国,以刑百官,以纠万民;六曰事典,以富邦国,以任百官,以生万民。(大曰邦,小曰国,邦之所居亦曰国。典,常也,经也,法也。王谓之礼经,常所秉以治天下也;邦国官府谓之礼法,常所守以为法式也。常者,其上下通名。扰犹驯也。统犹合也。诘犹禁也,《书》曰“度作详刑,以诘四方”。任犹亻事也。生犹养也。郑司农云:“治典,冢宰之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦治,以佐王均邦国;教典,司徒之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦教,以佐王安扰邦国;礼典,宗伯之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦礼,以佐王和邦国;政典,司马之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦政,以佐王平邦国;刑典,司寇之职,故立其官,曰使帅其属而掌邦禁,以佐王刑邦国。此三时皆有官,唯冬无官,又无司空。以三隅反之,则事典,司空之职也。《司空》之篇亡,《小宰职》曰:‘六曰冬官,其属六十,掌邦事。’”
  ○邦国(guo),干(gan)云(yun):“国(guo),天(tian)子诸侯所理也(ye)。邦,疆国(guo)之境(jing)。”治(zhi)典,直吏反(fan)(fan)。注下(xia)(xia)治(zhi)典、邦治(zhi)、治(zhi)官、治(zhi)职之治(zhi)皆(jie)同。扰,而(er)小(xiao)反(fan)(fan),郑(zheng)而(er)昭反(fan)(fan),徐、李寻伦反(fan)(fan)。谐,户皆(jie)反(fan)(fan)。诘,起一反(fan)(fan),禁也(ye)。干(gan)云(yun):“弹(dan)正纠察也(ye)。”驯,似伦反(fan)(fan)。度,待洛反(fan)(fan)。亻事,侧吏反(fan)(fan),下(xia)(xia)同,犹立(li)也(ye)。)

[疏]“大宰”至“以生万民”
  ○释曰:自此以下至职末分为二段。从此职首至“以富得民”一段十条,明经国之大纲,治政之条目。自“正月之吉”以下至职末,明颁宣前法,依事而施。言“掌建邦之六典”者,谓大宰总御群职,故六典俱建也。“以佐王治邦国”者,以六典是王执治邦国,王不独治,故云“佐王”也。“一曰治典,以经邦国”,至“六曰事典”,皆云“邦国”者,邦国皆谓诸侯之国。但治典云:“经者,所以经纪为名,故云经。”教典云:“安者,地道主安,故云安。”礼典云:“和者,礼之用,和为贵,故云和。”政典云:“平者,司马主六军,以平定天下,故云平。”刑典云:“诘者,以其刑者有所诘禁天下,故云诘。”事典云:“富者,作事所以富国家,故云富也。”又治典、教典云:“官府礼典已下四典,皆云‘百官’者,尊天地二官,不局其数,故不云百官而云‘官府’也。”若然,六官其属各六十,得称百官者,举全数,故云百官也。且天官言“治官府”,地官云“教官府”,夏官云“以正百官”,秋官云“刑百官”,皆依本职而言之。至於春官主礼,不可云“礼百官”。礼所以统叙万事,故云“统百官”也。冬官不可云“事百官”,故变事云“任”。任谓任使,任使即事也。又天官主治,治所以纪纲天下,故云“纪万民”也。地道主民,故云“扰万民”,扰则驯顺之义也。春官主礼,礼所以谐和,故云“谐万民”。夏官主政,九畿职方制其贡,有贡赋之事,故云“均万民”。秋官主刑,刑者所以纠正天下,故云“纠万民”也。冬官主事,作事者,所以生养万民,故云“生万民”也。然天子曰“兆民”,诸侯曰“万民”。此天子之礼,不言兆民而言万民者,但兆民据天子而言之。今言万民,以畿外封诸侯,惟有畿内不封,故以畿内据近而言。
  ○注“大曰”至“掌邦事”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue):《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“大(da)曰(yue)(yue)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)、小(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),止(zhi)据此(ci)文(wen)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)在上(shang)、国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在下(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)此(ci)解(jie)。案《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)·觐礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“同姓大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),异姓小(xiao)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)”,则(ze)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)小(xiao)通(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)(bang)(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,即(ji)(ji)据王国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惟王建国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,《匠人(ren)》“营(ying)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)九里”,与《典命(ming)》“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家”,皆(jie)是邦(bang)(bang)(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“典,常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),经也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅·释诂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“典,常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”释言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“典,经也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)经常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)(ji)是法(fa)式。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)”已下(xia)(xia),郑所(suo)解(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)经,常(chang)(chang)所(suo)秉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治天下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)经者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经纪天下(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)王言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)经,常(chang)(chang)所(suo)秉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治天下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)(xia)法(fa)於(wu)上(shang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa),常(chang)(chang)所(suo)守以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)法(fa)式也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)下(xia)(xia)通(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经据在上(shang),法(fa)据在下(xia)(xia),至於(wu)王与邦(bang)(bang)(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)(guan)府(fu),俱有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)常(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)通(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“扰犹(you)驯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《地(di)官(guan)(guan)》注训(xun)(xun)扰为(wei)安,此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)驯,不(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),驯是顺之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),顺即(ji)(ji)安义(yi)(yi),亦(yi)通(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“统犹(you)合也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),统者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相统同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)合。“诘犹(you)禁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),弟诘即(ji)(ji)禁止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)》曰(yue)(yue)“度作详刑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诘四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)”,此(ci)《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)·吕刑》文(wen)。是吕侯(hou)训(xun)(xun)夏赎刑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)详审(shen),诘禁四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang),引(yin)(yin)证诘为(wei)禁之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“任犹(you)亻事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亻事(shi)犹(you)立(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),东齐人(ren)物立(li)地(di)中为(wei)亻事(shi)。蒯通(tong)(tong)说范(fan)阳(yang)令曰(yue)(yue):“天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)敢亻事(shi)刃於(wu)公之(zhi)(zhi)腹者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),畏秦法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”欲使(shi)百官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)立(li)其(qi)功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“生犹(you)养(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)生万民(min),则(ze)诸官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)生万民(min),彼何异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?於(wu)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)安,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)转为(wei)养(yang)。冬(dong)官(guan)(guan)主土地(di),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)民(min)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑司(si)(si)(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘治典,冢宰(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),及(ji)下(xia)(xia)教典司(si)(si)(si)徒之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)典宗伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),六(liu)典皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),此(ci)并(bing)是序官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)次有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)文(wen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)立(li)其(qi)官(guan)(guan)曰(yue)(yue)“使(shi)帅其(qi)属而(er)掌邦(bang)(bang)(bang)治”。此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是六(liu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)首有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)文(wen),司(si)(si)(si)农总引(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释六(liu)典也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)三时(shi)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan),唯(wei)冬(dong)无官(guan)(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)各六(liu)十官(guan)(guan),唯(wei)冬(dong)无。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对馀官(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)宰(zai)(zai)、司(si)(si)(si)徒、宗伯(bo)、司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)、司(si)(si)(si)寇,此(ci)则(ze)无司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三隅(yu)反之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡物不(bu)圆(yuan)则(ze)方(fang)(fang)(fang),方(fang)(fang)(fang)则(ze)四(si)隅(yu),既有(you)(you)(you)三隅(yu),明(ming)有(you)(you)(you)四(si)隅(yu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)既有(you)(you)(you)春夏秋三时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),明(ming)有(you)(you)(you)冬(dong)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),官(guan)(guan)可知则(ze)事(shi)典司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)亡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)六(liu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时(shi)亡,其(qi)时(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《考工记》代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)。引(yin)(yin)《小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)职(zhi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见当(dang)有(you)(you)(you)《冬(dong)官(guan)(guan)》之(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

以八法治官府:一曰官属,以举邦治;二曰官职,以辨邦治;三曰官联,以会官治;四曰官常,以听官治;五曰官成,以经邦治;六曰官法,以正邦治;七曰官刑,以纠邦治;八曰官计,以弊邦治。(百官所居曰府。弊,断也。郑司农云:“官属谓六官,其属各六十。若今博士、大史、大宰、大祝、大乐属大常也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六属举邦治,一曰天官,其属六十’是也。官职谓六官之职,《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六职辨邦治,一曰治职,二曰教职,三曰礼职,四曰政职,五曰刑职,六曰事职,官联谓国有大事,一官不能独共,则六官共举之。联,读为连,古书连作联。联谓连事通职,相佐助也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之六联合邦治,一曰祭祀之联事,二曰宾客之联事,三曰丧荒之联事,四曰军旅之联事,五曰出役之联事,六曰敛弛之联事。’官常谓各自领其官之常职,非连事通职所共也。官成谓官府之成事品式也。《小宰职》曰:‘以官府之八成经邦治,一曰听政役以比居,二曰听师田以简稽,三曰听闾里以版图,四曰听称责以傅别,五曰听禄位以礼命,六曰听取予以书契,七曰听卖买以质剂,八曰听出入以要会。’官法谓职所主之法度,官职主祭祝、朝觐、会同、宾客者,则皆自有其法度。《小宰职》曰:‘以法掌祭祀、朝觐、会同、宾客之戒具。’官刑谓司刑所掌墨罪、劓罪、宫罪、刖罪、杀罪也。官计谓三年则大计群吏之治而诛赏之。”玄谓官刑,《司寇》之职五刑,其四曰官刑,上能纠职。官计谓《小宰》之六计,所以断群吏之治。
  ○法<繁体>,古(gu)法字(zi)。联,音连。弊(bi),必世反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑蒲(pu)计反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐、刘(liu)府世反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。断,丁(ding)乱反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。弛,尹氏反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。比,毗志反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑房利反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。稽(ji),古(gu)奚(xi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),郑又音启。版,音板(ban)。傅,别音附,下彼(bi)列反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。契,苦(ku)计反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。剂(ji),子随(sui)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。《尔雅》云:“剂(ji),翦齐也。”要,於妙(miao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐於召反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),後不音者放此。朝,直(zhi)遥反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。凡言“朝觐”皆同(tong)。{自辛},古(gu)罪字(zi)。劓,鱼(yu)冀反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。刖,音月,又五刮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“以八”至“邦治”
  ○释曰:此八法虽不云建,亦有建义,故郑注《大史职》云“六典八法八则冢宰所建,以治百官,大史又建焉”是也。上六典云治邦国,此八法云治官府,官府,在朝廷之官府也。“一曰官属,以举邦治”,以下皆单言邦,据王国而言之。言“官属”者,谓六官各有六十官之属也。长官有属官,官事得举,故云以举邦治。“二曰官职,以辨邦治”者,谓六官各有职,若天官治职之等,官各有职。辨,别也,官事有分别,故云以辨邦治也。“三曰官联,以会官治”者,联即连也。一官不能独共,则众官共举之,然後事得合会,故云以会官治。“四曰官常,以听官治”者,官常非连事通职,各自於当官常职而听治之,故云以听官治也。“五曰官成,以经邦治”者,官成者,谓官自有成事品式,依旧行之,以经纪邦治也。“六曰官法,以正邦治”者,官法谓当职所主旧法度,将此法度,是正邦之治政也。“七曰官刑,以纠邦治”者,言官刑非寻常五刑,谓官中之刑,以纠察邦治。“八曰官计,以弊邦治”者,官计谓平治官府之计也。弊,断也,谓就计会之中有失者断之,故云弊邦治也。此八法皆云邦治,官常、官联二者不云邦而云官者,其官联言官,欲取会合众官,乃始得治;官常言官,欲取官有常职,各自治其官。故二者不言邦而云官也。及小宰还从治。
  ○注“百官”至“之治”
  ○释曰:言“百官(guan)所(suo)(suo)居曰府(fu)(fu)”者,欲(yu)以官(guan)府(fu)(fu)为一(yi)(yi)(yi)事,解与上(shang)(shang)府(fu)(fu)史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)别,彼府(fu)(fu)主藏文书,此府(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)百官(guan)所(suo)(suo)居处(chu),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)府(fu)(fu)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)。郑(zheng)司(si)农(nong)引(yin)(yin)“官(guan)属(shu)谓(wei)六官(guan)其属(shu)各六十”,下(xia)引(yin)(yin)《小宰(zai)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)“若(ruo)今博士云(yun)云(yun),属(shu)大(da)常也(ye)”者,司(si)农(nong)据《汉(han)百官(guan)年(nian)表》,汉(han)始,叔孙通为奉常,後(hou)改(gai)为大(da)常。官(guan)刑(xing)(xing),先郑(zheng)谓(wei)司(si)刑(xing)(xing)所(suo)(suo)掌墨罪、劓罪、官(guan)罪、刖罪、杀罪,此是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)五刑(xing)(xing),施(shi)于天(tian)下(xia),非为官(guan)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)(xing),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。“官(guan)计谓(wei)三(san)年(nian)大(da)计群吏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)而诛赏”者,此为三(san)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)考乃一(yi)(yi)(yi)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此官(guan)计每岁计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)亦(yi)不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)官(guan)刑(xing)(xing),《司(si)寇》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职五刑(xing)(xing),其四曰官(guan)刑(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)能纠职”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)专施(shi)于官(guan)府(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),於义为当也(ye)。“官(guan)计谓(wei)小宰(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六计,所(suo)(suo)以断群吏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)”,群吏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计,於义亦(yi)当矣,故(gu)引(yin)(yin)破司(si)农(nong)也(ye)。

以八则治都鄙:一曰祭祀,以驭其神;二曰法则,以驭其官;三曰废置,以驭其吏;四曰禄位,以驭其士;五曰赋贡,以驭其用;六曰礼俗,以驭其民;七曰刑赏,以驭其威;八曰田役,以驭其众。(都之所居曰鄙。则,亦法也。典、法、则,所用异,异其名也。都鄙,公卿大夫之采邑,王子弟所食邑,周、召、毛、聃、毕、原之属在畿内者。祭祀,其先君、社稷、五祀。法则,其官之制度。废犹退也,退其不能者,举贤而置之。禄,若今月奉也。位,爵次也。赋,口率出泉也。贡,功也,九职之功所税也。礼祀,昏姻、丧纪旧所行也。郑司农云:“士谓学士。”
  ○驭,鱼虑反(fan)(fan)(fan)。赋贡(gong),干云(yun):“赋,上之所(suo)求於(wu)下;贡(gong),下之所(suo)纳於(wu)纳於(wu)上。采,音菜。召,上照反(fan)(fan)(fan)。聃,乃甘反(fan)(fan)(fan)。奉,符用反(fan)(fan)(fan),本或(huo)作俸。率,徐、刘音类(lei),戚音律,一音所(suo)律反(fan)(fan)(fan),下同。税,舒锐(rui)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“以八”至“其众”
  ○释曰:则亦法也。以八则治三等采地之都鄙也。“一曰祭祀,以驭其神”者,采地之中,祭祀宗庙、社稷、五祀。下注云“凡云驭者,所以驱之内之於善”,则於祭祀之中,宗庙先祖则无可去取;至社稷配食者,若取句龙、后稷,上公有功是,内之善也。
  ○“二曰法则,以驭其官”者,法则谓官之制度。制度与在官为法则,使不僭差,亦所以驱之使入善也。
  ○“三曰废置,以驭其吏”者,谓有罪则废退之,有贤则举置而赞之,亦所以驱人於善也。
  ○“四曰禄位,以驭其士”者,士谓学士。学士有贤行、学业,则诏之以爵位、禄赏,亦是驱之於善也。
  ○“五曰赋贡,以驭其用”者,采地之民,口率出泉为赋,有井田之法,一夫之田,税入於官,官得之,节财用,亦是使人入善,故云以驭其用也。
  ○“六曰礼俗,以驭其民”者,俗谓昏姻之礼,旧所常行者为俗,还使民依行,使之入善,故云以驭其民。
  ○“七曰刑赏,以驭其威”者,谓有罪刑之,有功赏之,使人入善畏威,故云以驭其威。
  ○“八曰田役,以驭其众”者,谓采地之中,得田猎使役於民,皆当不夺农时,使人入善,故云以驭其众也。据此文,则卿大夫得田猎。而《春秋左氏传》郑大夫丰卷请田,子产不许者,彼常田之外,临祭取鲜,唯人君耳,大夫唯得常田。故《礼》云“大夫不掩群”,亦是常田。丰卷亦僭取鲜,故子产云:“唯君用鲜”,明大夫不合也。
  ○注“都之”至“学士”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue):上言(yan)(yan)邦国(guo),则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)经有(you)邦国(guo)别言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)解为“大(da)曰(yue)(yue)邦、小(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)国(guo)”。此(ci)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地(di)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)都(dou)鄙(bi),诸(zhu)文无或(huo)言(yan)(yan)都(dou),或(huo)言(yan)(yan)鄙(bi)别号,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)居曰(yue)(yue)鄙(bi)”。《大(da)司(si)(si)徒(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)造都(dou)鄙(bi)”,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)界曰(yue)(yue)都(dou);鄙(bi),所(suo)(suo)(suo)居也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《春秋(qiu)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“迁郑焉而(er)鄙(bi)留”,是鄙(bi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)居不(bu)(bu)(bu)迁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)(ze)亦法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。典(dian)、法(fa)(fa)、则(ze)(ze)(ze),所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)异,异其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓典(dian)法(fa)(fa)则(ze)(ze)(ze)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)训,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)既同(tong)。但邦国(guo),言(yan)(yan)典(dian)官(guan)府言(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa),都(dou)鄙(bi)言(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)(ze),是所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)处(chu)异,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)别言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实义(yi)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“都(dou)鄙(bi),公卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)邑”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《载师职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“家邑任(ren)(ren)稍地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);“小(xiao)都(dou)任(ren)(ren)县地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)六卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);“大(da)都(dou)任(ren)(ren)疆地(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)三公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王子(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)(suo)食(shi)(shi)邑”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亲王子(zi)(zi)、母弟(di)(di)与公同(tong)处(chu)而(er)百里(li),次疏(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与六卿(qing)同(tong)处(chu)而(er)五十(shi)里(li),次疏(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与大(da)夫(fu)同(tong)处(chu)二(er)十(shi)五里(li)。案《礼记·礼运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)(zi)有(you)田以(yi)处(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)孙。”郑注(zhu)《中(zhong)庸》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“同(tong)姓虽(sui)恩不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),义(yi)必(bi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊重其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禄(lu)位(wei)(wei),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)授以(yi)官(guan)守。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)王子(zi)(zi)、母弟(di)(di)虽(sui)食(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)邑,未必(bi)别有(you)官(guan),有(you)官(guan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)依(yi)公卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)食(shi)(shi)邑,不(bu)(bu)(bu)假别言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)、召、毛、聃、毕、原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),僖二(er)十(shi)四年《左传(chuan)》,富辰云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“管(guan)、蔡、成阝(fu)、霍、鲁、卫(wei)、毛、聃、郜、雍、曹、滕、毕、原、丰(feng)、郇、文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。于阝(fu)、晋、应、韩,武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穆也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”今(jin)郑直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)周(zhou)、召、毛、聃、毕、原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)在(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀或(huo)在(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)外,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证王子(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)有(you)采(cai)(cai)(cai)邑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭祀(si)(si)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先君、社(she)稷(ji)、五祀(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《孝经·大(da)夫(fu)章(zhang)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)社(she)稷(ji),则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)侯卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若王子(zi)(zi)母弟(di)(di)及(ji)三公称(cheng)诸(zhu)侯者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五庙、五祀(si)(si)、三社(she)、三稷(ji)、,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)(si)先君、社(she)稷(ji)、五祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“法(fa)(fa)则(ze)(ze)(ze),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓宫室、车旗、衣服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得僭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禄(lu),若今(jin)月奉(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禄(lu)皆(jie)(jie)月别给(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月奉(feng)亦月给(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若今(jin)月奉(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“位(wei)(wei),爵次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)朝位(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)依(yi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑(bei)为次,则(ze)(ze)(ze)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)位(wei)(wei)据立,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)爵次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赋(fu)(fu)(fu),口(kou)率出泉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下文九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu),职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)相(xiang)继而(er)言(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)即(ji)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu),口(kou)率出泉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贡,功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦约下文言(yan)(yan)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)上言(yan)(yan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是以(yi)《大(da)府》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)功(gong)(gong)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)功(gong)(gong)即(ji)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑於此(ci)以(yi)贡为功(gong)(gong),是九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)出税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼俗,昏(hun)姻(yin)丧纪”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君子(zi)(zi)行礼,不(bu)(bu)(bu)求变俗。”若不(bu)(bu)(bu)醴(li),醮用(yong)酒,是其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一隅(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑司(si)(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),士(shi)(shi)谓学士(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禄(lu)位(wei)(wei)以(yi)驭其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)(shi)”,使进受禄(lu)位(wei)(wei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)士(shi)(shi),学士(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

以八柄诏王驭群臣:一曰爵,以驭其贵;二曰禄,以驭其富;三曰予,以驭其幸;四曰置,以驭其行;五曰生,以驭其福;六曰夺,以驭其贫;七曰废,以驭其罪;八曰诛,以驭其过。(柄,所秉执以起事者也。诏,告也,助也。爵谓公、侯、伯、子、男、卿、大夫、士也。《诗》云“诲尔序爵”,言教王以贤否之第次也。班禄所以富臣下。《书》曰:“凡厥正人,既富方。”幸谓言行偶合於善,则有以赐予之,以劝後也。生犹养也。贤臣之老者,王有以养之。成王封伯禽於鲁,曰“生以养周公,死以为周公後”是也。五福,一曰寿。夺谓臣有大罪,没入家财者。六极,四曰贫。废犹放也,舜殛鲧于羽山是也。诛,责让也。《曲礼》曰“齿路马有诛”。凡言驭者,所以驱之内之於善。
  ○柄,兵(bing)命反(fan)。行,下孟反(fan),注同。殛,纪力反(fan)。鲧,古本(ben)反(fan)。驱,起俱(ju)反(fan)。)

[疏]“以八柄”至“其过”
  ○释曰:大宰以此八柄诏告于王驭群臣,馀条皆不言诏,独此与下八统言诏王者,馀并群臣职务常所依行,岁终致事,乃考知得失,此乃王所操持,王不独执,群臣佐之而已,故特言诏也。言“驭”者,此八者皆是驱群臣入善之事,故皆言驭也。
  ○“一曰爵,以驭其贵”者,《司士》云:“以德诏爵”,有贤乃受爵,是驭之以贵也。
  ○“二曰禄,以驭其富”者,《司士》云:“以功诏禄”,禄所以富臣下,故云以驭其富。
  ○“三曰予,以驭其幸”,谓言语偶合于善,有以赐予之,故云以驭其幸。
  ○“四曰置,以驭其行”者,有贤行,则置之于位,故云以驭其行。
  ○“五曰生,以驭其福”者,生犹养也。臣有大勋劳者,使子孙享养之,是福之道也。故云以驭其福。
  ○“六曰夺,以驭其贫”者,谓臣有大罪,身杀夺其家资,故云以驭其贫。
  ○“七曰废,以驭其众”者,废,放也。谓臣有大罪,若不忍刑杀,放之以远,故云以驭其罪。
  ○“八曰诛,以驭其过”者,臣有过失,非故为之者,诛,责也,则以言语责让之,故云以驭其过也。此经八事,自“五曰”已上,皆是善事,则大善者在前,小善者在後。自“六曰”已下,皆是恶事,则大恶者在前,小恶者在後。案《内史》亦言此八柄之事,唯“一曰爵,二曰禄”与此同,“三曰废,四曰置,五曰杀,六曰生,七曰予,八曰夺”,文乱,与此不同者,彼欲见事起无常,故所言不次也。又彼变诛言杀,欲见为恶不止则杀之;或可见此过失,则圜土之刑人也,出圜土则杀之,故《内史》变诛言杀也。且此中爵与禄、废与置皆别文,以王德为大,能明辨之,四者设文有别。八则中,爵禄及废置皆共文者,以其德小,不能辨故也。
  ○注“柄所”至“於善”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):柄(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)八(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)若斧斤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柄(bing),人所秉执以(yi)起事,故(gu)以(yi)柄(bing)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云爵(jue)(jue)谓(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)侯已下者(zhe)(zhe),欲见周(zhou)(zhou)法爵(jue)(jue)及命士。不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)孤(gu)者(zhe)(zhe),卿(qing)中含(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《考工记》云:“中有九(jiu)室,九(jiu)卿(qing)朝焉。”九(jiu)卿(qing)谓(wei)三孤(gu)六卿(qing),是卿(qing)中含(han)孤(gu)也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《诗》“诲尔序爵(jue)(jue)”者(zhe)(zhe),《大雅·桑柔》诗,序,是先後次(ci)第之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)。诲,教也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)郑云“言(yan)(yan)教王以(yi)贤否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第次(ci)”也(ye)(ye)。又引(yin)《书》者(zhe)(zhe),是《尚书·洪范(fan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。云“凡(fan)厥(jue)正人,既(ji)富(fu)方”者(zhe)(zhe),厥(jue),其(qi)也(ye)(ye)。方,道也(ye)(ye)。,善也(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)其(qi)正直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,既(ji)以(yi)爵(jue)(jue)禄(lu)富(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又以(yi)善道接(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证以(yi)驭其(qi)富(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云“成(cheng)王封伯禽於鲁,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘生以(yi)养周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong),死以(yi)为周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)後’是也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此并文公(gong)(gong)(gong)十三年《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传》文。彼云“周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)拜乎(hu)前,鲁公(gong)(gong)(gong)拜乎(hu)後,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘生以(yi)养周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong),死以(yi)为周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主’”。此云“为周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)後”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe),郑以(yi)义言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又云“五福,一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寿(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe),此亦《洪范(fan)》文。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证贤臣老,养之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是五福一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寿(shou),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)驭其(qi)福也(ye)(ye)。云“六极,四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)贫(pin)(pin)”,亦《洪范(fan)》文。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证大罪夺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家资,以(yi)驭其(qi)贫(pin)(pin)也(ye)(ye)。云“废犹放也(ye)(ye),舜殛鲧(gun)于羽(yu)山”者(zhe)(zhe),鲧(gun)治水九(jiu)载,绩用不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。殛,诛(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。羽(yu)山,东裔也(ye)(ye)。云“《曲礼》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘齿路(lu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)有诛(zhu)(zhu)’”者(zhe)(zhe),齿谓(wei)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。路(lu)马(ma)(ma)(ma),君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所乘马(ma)(ma)(ma)。辄年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则有诛(zhu)(zhu)责。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证诛(zhu)(zhu)为言(yan)(yan)语责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非有刑(xing)罪也(ye)(ye)。

以(yi)八(ba)统诏王(wang)驭万民:一(yi)曰(yue)亲(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin),二(er)曰(yue)敬(jing)(jing)故(gu),三曰(yue)进贤,四曰(yue)使能(neng)(neng),五曰(yue)保(bao)庸(yong),六曰(yue)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)贵(gui),七曰(yue)达吏,八(ba)曰(yue)礼(li)宾。(统,所以(yi)合牵以(yi)等(deng)物(wu)也(ye)。亲(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin),若尧亲(qin)(qin)九族(zu)也(ye)。敬(jing)(jing)故(gu),不慢旧也(ye)。晏(yan)平仲久(jiu)而敬(jing)(jing)之(zhi)。贤,有德行者。能(neng)(neng),多才艺者。保(bao)庸(yong),安有功者。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)贵(gui),尊(zun)(zun)(zun)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)贵(gui)者。《孟子》曰(yue):“天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)达尊(zun)(zun)(zun)者三:曰(yue)爵也(ye),德也(ye),齿也(ye)。”《祭义》曰(yue):“先王(wang)之(zhi)所以(yi)治天(tian)下(xia)者五:贵(gui)有德,贵(gui)贵(gui),贵(gui)老,敬(jing)(jing)长,慈幼。”达吏,察举勤劳之(zhi)小吏也(ye)。礼(li)宾,宾客(ke)诸侯,所以(yi)示民亲(qin)(qin)仁善邻。)

[疏]“以八统”至“礼宾”
  ○释曰:郑云“统,所以合牵以等物也”,此八者,民与在上同有。物,事也。谓牵下民,使与上合,皆有以等其事,上行之,下效之也,故以万民为主也。
  ○“一曰亲亲”者,君与民俱亲九族之亲。
  ○“二曰敬故”者,君与民皆须恭敬故旧朋友。
  ○“三曰进贤”者,有贤在下,君当招之,民当举之,是君民皆进贤也。
  ○“四曰使能”者,下有技能,君民共举任之。
  ○“五曰保庸”者,保,安也。庸,功也。有功者,上下俱赏之以禄,使心安也。
  ○“六曰尊贵”者,臣有贵者,君民共尊敬之。
  ○“七曰达吏”者,吏勤劳在民间,在下位不能自达者,进之於上而用之也。
  ○“八曰礼宾”者,天子待朝聘之宾,在下皆当礼於宾客。此八者,先亲亲,後宾客,亦是先後之次也。
  ○注“统所”至“善邻”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“亲亲谓(wei)若尧亲九(jiu)族也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尧典》云(yun)(yun):“克明俊德(de)(de),以(yi)(yi)亲九(jiu)族”,则尧能(neng)(neng)任(ren)(ren)用(yong)(yong)俊德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)以(yi)(yi)自辅,乃能(neng)(neng)亲九(jiu)族,上至(zhi)高祖,下(xia)(xia)及玄孙之(zhi)(zhi)亲,旁及五(wu)(wu)服,民(min)亦效之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)亲九(jiu)族也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)故(gu),不(bu)慢旧也(ye)(ye)”,引(yin)(yin)晏平仲“久而(er)(er)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)他人(ren)久敬(jing)平仲,由平仲敬(jing)於(wu)他人(ren),善(shan)(shan)在平仲。故(gu)亲亲引(yin)(yin)尧,敬(jing)故(gu)引(yin)(yin)平仲,欲见上下(xia)(xia)通有(you),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《伐(fa)木》诗是(shi)文王敬(jing)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“贤(xian),有(you)德(de)(de)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。能(neng)(neng),多才艺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)大夫(fu)(fu)》云(yun)(yun):“兴贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“出使长之(zhi)(zhi)”;兴能(neng)(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“入(ru)使治之(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)贤(xian)有(you)六德(de)(de)、六行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。能(neng)(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直六艺而(er)(er)已(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“尊贵(gui)(gui),尊天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)贵(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)天下(xia)(xia)有(you)贵(gui)(gui)皆尊之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“《孟子》曰(yue)(yue):天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)达(da)尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三”,谓(wei)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)天下(xia)(xia)通达(da)行之(zhi)(zhi)。三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即爵、德(de)(de)、齿也(ye)(ye)。爵,即经云(yun)(yun)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)大夫(fu)(fu)、能(neng)(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)士。皆是(shi)用(yong)(yong)德(de)(de)为(wei)爵,证经任(ren)(ren)贤(xian)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“齿也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《党正》饮酒之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),六十(shi)已(yi)上在堂,上以(yi)(yi)齿,此连(lian)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi),於(wu)经无(wu)(wu)所(suo)当(dang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《祭义》曰(yue)(yue),先王之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)治天下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu),贵(gui)(gui)有(you)德(de)(de)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即举贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。“贵(gui)(gui)贵(gui)(gui)”即尊贵(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)。“贵(gui)(gui)老(lao)”、“敬(jing)长”、“慈(ci)幼(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)於(wu)经无(wu)(wu)所(suo)当(dang),亦连(lian)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)“达(da)吏,察举勤劳之(zhi)(zhi)小吏也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),小吏在民(min)间,谓(wei)若比长、闾(lv)胥之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),虽小吏,堪任(ren)(ren)大官,故(gu)察举用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)宾(bin),宾(bin)客(ke)诸侯”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《大行人(ren)》上公、侯、伯、子、男之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),皆为(wei)等(deng)级以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)宾(bin)客(ke)诸侯也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“所(suo)以(yi)(yi)示民(min)亲仁善(shan)(shan)邻(lin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亲仁善(shan)(shan)邻(lin),《左(zuo)氏》隐公六年(nian)陈五(wu)(wu)父之(zhi)(zhi)辞。亲仁善(shan)(shan)邻(lin),则当(dang)礼(li)(li)(li)宾(bin),故(gu)引(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)证礼(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)也(ye)(ye)。

以九职任万民:一曰三农,生九;二曰园圃,毓草木;三曰虞衡,作山泽之材;四曰薮牧,养蕃鸟兽;五曰百工,饬化八材;六曰商贾,阜通货贿;七曰嫔妇,化治丝;八曰臣妾,聚敛疏材;九曰间民,无常职,转移执事。(任犹亻事也。郑司农云:“三农,平地、山、泽也。九,黍、稷、秫、稻、麻、大小豆、大小麦。八材,珠曰切,象曰差,玉曰琢,石曰磨,木曰刻,金曰镂,革曰剥,羽曰析。间民,谓无事业者,转移为人执事,若今佣赁也。”玄谓三农,原、隰及平地。九无秫、大麦,而有粱、菰。树果曰圃,园其樊也。虞衡,掌山泽之官,主山泽之民者。泽无水曰薮。牧,牧田,在远郊,皆畜牧之地。行曰商,处曰贾。阜,盛也。金玉曰货,布帛曰贿。嫔,妇人之美称也。《尧典》曰:“降二女嫔于虞。”臣妾,男女贫贱之称。晋惠公卜怀公之生,曰:“将生一男一女,男为人臣,女为人妾。”生而名其男曰圉,女曰妾。及怀公质於秦,妾为宦女焉。疏材,百草根实可食者。疏不熟曰馑。
  ○圃(pu),布(bu)古反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又音(yin)布(bu)。毓,古育字。薮,速苟反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。牧(mu),牧(mu)养之(zhi)牧(mu),徐音(yin)目,刘音(yin)茂。蕃(fan),扶(fu)元反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。饬,音(yin)敕(chi)。贾(jia),音(yin)古,下注同(tong)。间,音(yin)闲。秫,音(yin)述。差,七何(he)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。琢,陟角反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。镂,娄(lou)豆反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。为人,于伪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。佣,音(yin)容。赁,女鸩反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,音(yin)瓜,胡(hu)也,字或作菰。,力果反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。樊(fan),如字,又方元反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。畜,许(xu)又反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。又许(xu)六反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。称,尺证(zheng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。厘,力之(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。圉,鱼吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),养马曰圉。质,猪二反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。疏不,色居反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),菜也,刘音(yin)苏。馑,其靳反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“以九职”至“执事”
  ○释曰:此九者,皆是民之职业,故云“万民”也。
  ○“一曰三农,生九”者,言三农,谓农民於原、隰及平地三处营种,故云三农生九也。
  ○“二曰园圃,毓草木”者,此圃,即《载师》所云“场圃任园地”,谓在田畔树菜蔬果者,故云毓草木也。
  ○“三曰虞衡,作山泽之材”者,谓任山泽之民,所作事业,材木而已。
  ○“四曰薮牧,养蕃鸟兽”者,谓在薮牧之民事业,使之长养蕃滋飞鸟走兽而已。
  ○“五曰百工,饬化八材”者,谓百种巧作之工,所为事业,变化八材为器物饬之而已。饬,勤也,勤力以化八材。
  ○“六曰商贾,阜通货贿”者,谓商贾之家,所为事业,通货贿,使之阜盛。
  ○“七曰嫔妇,化治丝”者,嫔妇谓国中妇人有德行者。治理变化丝,以为布帛之等也。
  ○“八曰臣妾,聚敛疏材”者,谓男女贫贱号为臣妾者,所为事业,聚敛百草根实而已。
  ○“九曰间民,无常职,转移执事”者,其人为性不营己业,为间民而好与人佣赁,非止一家,转移为人执事,以此为业者耳。
  ○注“任犹”至“曰馑”
  ○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue):云(yun):“任犹亻(ren)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亻(ren)事谓(wei)(wei)(wei)立也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业得立。云(yun):“郑(zheng)司(si)农(nong)云(yun)‘三农(nong),平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)积石曰(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),水(shui)(shui)锺曰(yue)(yue)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)九(jiu),故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“九(jiu),黍、稷、秫(shu)(shu)、稻(dao)(dao)、麻、大(da)小豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、大(da)小麦(mai)(mai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)九(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)秫(shu)(shu)、大(da)麦(mai)(mai)而(er)有(you)粱(liang)、菰(gu)(gu)。八材云(yun)“珠(zhu)(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)切”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),并《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》文,皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)器用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)今《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)“骨曰(yue)(yue)切”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖司(si)农(nong)读《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》本作(zuo)(zuo)“珠(zhu)(zhu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun):“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)三农(nong),原、隰及(ji)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》“高平(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)原,下(xia)(xia)湿(shi)曰(yue)(yue)隰”,原及(ji)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)可(ke)种黍、稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),隰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)种稻(dao)(dao)麦(mai)(mai)及(ji)菰(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“九(jiu)无(wu)秫(shu)(shu)、大(da)麦(mai)(mai)而(er)有(you)粱(liang)、菰(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)秫(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赤粟,与稷黏疏(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异,故(gu)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)麦(mai)(mai)所(suo)用(yong)处少(shao),故(gu)亦去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必知(zhi)有(you)粱(liang)菰(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。下(xia)(xia)《食医》云(yun),凡膳食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,有(you)“犬宜粱(liang),鱼宜菰(gu)(gu)”,故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)粱(liang)菰(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)前(qian)七之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),依《月令(ling)》,麦(mai)(mai)属(shu)东(dong)方(fang),黍属(shu)南方(fang),麻属(shu)西方(fang),豆(dou)(dou)(dou)属(shu)北方(fang),稷属(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央,故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)黍、稷、麻、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、麦(mai)(mai)。稻(dao)(dao)与小豆(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)用(yong)处多,故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)稻(dao)(dao)、有(you)小豆(dou)(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必知(zhi)有(you)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《生(sheng)民(min)(min)》诗云(yun)“艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)菽(shu)”。戎(rong)菽(shu)、大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)殖,故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“树(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)曰(yue)(yue)圃(pu)(pu),园(yuan)(yuan)其(qi)(qi)樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《汉(han)书·食货(huo)志》云(yun):“田中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)得有(you)树(shu)(shu),用(yong)妨五(wu)(wu),环庐树(shu)(shu)桑麻、菜茹(ru)、瓜(gua)瓠、果(guo)(guo)。”应劭(shao)曰(yue)(yue):“木曰(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo),草曰(yue)(yue)。”张晏(yan)曰(yue)(yue):“有(you)核曰(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo),无(wu)核曰(yue)(yue)。”臣瓒曰(yue)(yue):“木上曰(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo),地(di)(di)(di)上曰(yue)(yue)。”劭(shao)与瓒义(yi)同,晏(yan)独异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《载(zai)师(shi)》云(yun)“场(chang)圃(pu)(pu)任园(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)”,则圃(pu)(pu)在(zai)(zai)园(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun):“树(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)曰(yue)(yue)圃(pu)(pu),园(yuan)(yuan)其(qi)(qi)樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《诗》云(yun)“折柳樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圃(pu)(pu)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)与圃(pu)(pu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),其(qi)(qi)蕃蔽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“虞(yu)衡(heng),掌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),主(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)》,掌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虞(yu),掌川(chuan)林者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衡(heng),则衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)掌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。而(er)云(yun)虞(yu)衡(heng)作(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)互(hu)举以(yi)见山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兼(jian)有(you)川(chuan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)既云(yun)虞(yu)衡(heng)掌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),复(fu)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见虞(yu)衡(heng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan),非出税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)无(wu)名,号故(gu)借(jie)虞(yu)衡(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)以(yi)表其(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)。所(suo)任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),任山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)万(wan)民(min)(min)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)虞(yu)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),非是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)任出税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),但(dan)主(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)水(shui)(shui)曰(yue)(yue)薮(sou)(sou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)·泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虞(yu)》云(yun)大(da)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、大(da)薮(sou)(sou),薮(sou)(sou)、泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)别言(yan)。《诗》云(yun):“叔在(zai)(zai)薮(sou)(sou),火烈具举。”薮(sou)(sou)若有(you)水(shui)(shui),不(bu)(bu)得田猎,故(gu)知(zhi)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)水(shui)(shui)曰(yue)(yue)薮(sou)(sou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“牧,牧田,在(zai)(zai)远郊”,知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《载(zai)师(shi)》云(yun):“牧田赏(shang)田任远郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)”。云(yun)“皆(jie)(jie)畜(chu)牧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)薮(sou)(sou)牧皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)牧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。案(an)《载(zai)师(shi)职》郑(zheng)注:“牧田,畜(chu)牧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)所(suo)受田也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”非畜(chu)牧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。此(ci)解违者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)牧六畜(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)无(wu)文,郑(zheng)约(yue)与家(jia)人所(suo)受田处即有(you)六畜(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),故(gu)云(yun)在(zai)(zai)远郊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“行(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)商(shang)(shang),处曰(yue)(yue)贾(jia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)有(you)贾(jia)人,无(wu)行(xing)(xing)法,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)处。《易·复(fu)象(xiang)》曰(yue)(yue):“至日闭关,商(shang)(shang)旅不(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)商(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“金(jin)玉(yu)曰(yue)(yue)货(huo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《食货(huo)志》,王莽(mang)居摄,“更作(zuo)(zuo)金(jin)、银(yin)、龟、贝、钱、布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器,名曰(yue)(yue)宝货(huo)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)曰(yue)(yue)货(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《聘礼》曰(yue)(yue)“贿(hui)用(yong)束纺”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)人所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曰(yue)(yue)贿(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)(ran),《王制(zhi)》云(yun)“锦文珠(zhu)(zhu)玉(yu),不(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)”,此(ci)商(shang)(shang)贾(jia)得通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼据珠(zhu)(zhu)玉(yu)有(you)锦文者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)彼异代礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《左氏》襄(xiang)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian),宋人献玉(yu)于(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)罕(han),子(zi)(zi)罕(han)置诸(zhu)其(qi)(qi)里,使(shi)(shi)玉(yu)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),富,而(er)後(hou)(hou)使(shi)(shi)复(fu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)。服氏云(yun)“富,卖玉(yu)得富”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)得粥(zhou)玉(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“嫔(pin),妇人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美称(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)国中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)妇人有(you)德行(xing)(xing),故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)嫔(pin)。引《尧(yao)典》“厘降(jiang)二女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)嫔(pin)于(yu)(yu)虞(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见嫔(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)妇人美称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)耳(er)。云(yun)“臣妾(qie),男女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)贫贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)奴(nu)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀胤,或(huo)背德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质子(zi)(zi),晋(jin)卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)男女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)引晋(jin)惠以(yi)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“晋(jin)惠”已下(xia)(xia),皆(jie)(jie)《左氏传》僖十(shi)七年(nian):夏,晋(jin)大(da)子(zi)(zi)圉(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)质于(yu)(yu)秦(qin),云(yun)“惠公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)粱(liang),粱(liang)伯(bo)妻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。粱(liang)嬴(ying)孕,过期,卜(bu)招父与其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):‘将生(sheng)一(yi)男一(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)。’招曰(yue)(yue):‘然(ran)(ran)(ran),男为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人臣,女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人妾(qie)。’及(ji)生(sheng),男曰(yue)(yue)圉(yu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)曰(yue)(yue)妾(qie)。”注:“养马曰(yue)(yue)圉(yu),不(bu)(bu)聘曰(yue)(yue)妾(qie)。”後(hou)(hou)子(zi)(zi)圉(yu)西质,妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宦女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)郑(zheng)与文异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)义(yi)增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“疏(shu)材,百草根实(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百草或(huo)取(qu)根,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若菱芡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu);或(huo)取(qu)实(shi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若榛栗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根实(shi)可(ke)食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)曰(yue)(yue)馑”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun):“不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)饥,疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馑,疏(shu)皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)熟(shu),则曰(yue)(yue)大(da)荒(huang)。”

以九赋敛财贿:一曰邦中之赋,二曰四郊之赋,三曰邦甸之赋,四曰家削之赋,五曰邦县之赋,六曰邦都之赋,七曰关之赋,八曰山泽之赋,九曰弊馀之赋。(财,泉也。郑司农云“邦中之赋,二十而税一,各有差也。弊馀。百工之馀”。玄谓赋,口率出泉也。今之泉,民或谓之赋,此其旧名与?乡大夫以岁时登其夫家之众寡,辨其可任者,国中自七尺以及六十,野自六尺以及六十有五,皆征之。《遂师》之职亦云“以徵其财征”,皆谓此赋也。邦中,在城郭者。四郊去国百里,邦甸二百里,家削三百里,邦县四百里,邦都五百里。此平民也。关、山泽谓占会百物,弊馀谓占卖国中之斥弊,皆末作当增赋者,若今贾人倍矣。自邦中以至币馀,各入其所有物,以当赋泉之数。每处为一书,所待异也。
  ○削,本亦作(zuo)稍,又(you)作(zuo)肖阝,所(suo)教反。徐(xu)所(suo)召(zhao)反。弊,郑婢(bi)世反,干(gan)必世反。名(ming)与(yu),音馀。乡大夫,刘音香。处(chu),昌虑反,後可以意求(qiu)。)

[疏]“以九”至“之赋”
  ○释曰:云“以九赋敛财贿”者,此赋谓口率出泉,其处有九,故云九也。既云赋得口率出泉,则财贿非泉。而云敛财贿者,计口出泉,无泉者取财贿,以当泉之赋,故云“敛财贿”也。
  ○“一曰邦中之赋”者,谓国中之民出泉也。
  ○“二曰四郊之赋”者,计远郊百里之内,民所用出泉也。
  ○“三曰邦甸之赋”者,谓郊外曰甸,百里之外、二百里之内,民所出泉也。
  ○“四曰家削之赋”者,谓三百里之内地名削,其中有大夫采地,谓之家,故名家削。大夫采地中,赋税入大夫家。但大夫家采地外,其地为公邑,公邑之内,其民出泉,入王家,故举家稍以表公邑之民也。
  ○“五曰邦县之赋”者,四百里地名县,有小都,赋入采地之主。其中公邑之民出泉,入王家也。
  ○“六曰邦都之赋”者,其五百里中有大都。大都采地,其赋入主。外为公邑,其中民所出泉,入王家也。
  ○“七曰关之赋”者,王畿四面,皆有关门,及王之廛二处,其民之赋口税,所得之泉也。
  ○“八曰山泽之赋”者,谓山泽之中财物,山泽之民以时入而取之,出税以当邦赋,所税得之物,贮之而官未用,有人占会取之,为官出息。此人口税出泉,谓之山泽之赋也。
  ○“九曰弊馀之赋”者,谓为国营造,用物有馀,并归之於职币,得之不入府藏,则有人取之,为官出泉,此人亦口税出泉,谓之币馀之赋。然关、山泽、币馀不出上六处,而特言者,以其末作,当增赋故也。
  ○注“财泉”至“异也”
  ○释曰(yue):知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)得为(wei)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《外府》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)掌邦(bang)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)入(ru),赐予之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)此(ci)知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有泉(quan)(quan)(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《礼记·丧大(da)(da)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“纳财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),朝(chao)一溢(yi)米”,米即是(shi),故(gu)知财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)有也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),邦(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu),二十(shi)而税(shui)一,各有差(cha)(cha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先郑(zheng)(zheng)约《载师》园廛(chan)二十(shi)而一,近郊(jiao)(jiao)十(shi)一,远郊(jiao)(jiao)二十(shi)而三,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“各有差(cha)(cha)”。後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)关、山(shan)泽、币(bi)馀(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu),皆无地(di)(di)税(shui),即上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)邦(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)四郊(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,亦(yi)(yi)非地(di)(di)税(shui),故(gu)不从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币(bi)馀(yu),百(bai)(bai)(bai)工之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)是(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)工之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu),当归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职币(bi),何有税(shui)乎(hu)?云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄谓(wei)赋(fu)(fu),口(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)(da)府》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)贡(gong)、九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)、九(jiu)功各别(bie)。又见(jian)《司会(hui)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)九(jiu)贡(gong)致邦(bang)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)令田(tian)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong),以(yi)九(jiu)功令民职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)”,贡(gong)、赋(fu)(fu)及(ji)(ji)功各别(bie),赋(fu)(fu)为(wei)口(kou)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)君引(yin)(yin)汉法:民年十(shi)五(wu)已(yi)上至(zhi)五(wu)十(shi)六,出(chu)口(kou)赋(fu)(fu)钱(qian),人(ren)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)以(yi)为(wei)。故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)於此(ci)注(zhu)亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan),民或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu),此(ci)其(qi)旧名与?”又引(yin)(yin)《乡大(da)(da)夫》“以(yi)岁时(shi)登其(qi)夫家”已(yi)下及(ji)(ji)《遂(sui)师职》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)征赋(fu)(fu)为(wei)一,皆是(shi)口(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan),破(po)司农(nong)为(wei)地(di)(di)税(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦(bang)中(zhong)(zhong),在城郭”已(yi)下,至(zhi)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里,此(ci)皆约《载师》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)远郊(jiao)(jiao)甸地(di)(di)、削(xue)地(di)(di)、县地(di)(di)、疆地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,远近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)(cha)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)平民也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)“六曰(yue)”已(yi)上,皆是(shi)平善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,先王以(yi)农(nong)为(wei)本,故(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平民也(ye)(ye)(ye)。对“七(qi)曰(yue)”已(yi)下非农(nong)民者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)末作也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“关山(shan)泽谓(wei)占会(hui)百(bai)(bai)(bai)物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)关上以(yi)货出(chu)入(ru),有税(shui)物;若(ruo)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)府廛(chan)布总布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,亦(yi)(yi)有税(shui)物;山(shan)泽,民人(ren)入(ru)山(shan)泽取(qu)(qu)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),亦(yi)(yi)有税(shui)物。此(ci)人(ren)占会(hui)百(bai)(bai)(bai)物,为(wei)官出(chu)息(xi)。“币(bi)馀(yu),谓(wei)占卖(mai)国(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)斥(chi)币(bi)”,斥(chi)币(bi),谓(wei)此(ci)物不入(ru)大(da)(da)府,指斥(chi)出(chu)而卖(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)名斥(chi)币(bi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“当增(zeng)赋(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)口(kou)率出(chu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)增(zeng)於上农(nong)民,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今贾人(ren)倍(bei)矣”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)邦(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)至(zhi)币(bi)馀(yu),各入(ru)其(qi)所有物,以(yi)当赋(fu)(fu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)敛财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)贿,财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)贿即是(shi)物,取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)当赋(fu)(fu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),若(ruo)汉法人(ren)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“每处为(wei)一书,所待异也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)所得财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)物,给下九(jiu)式(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),九(jiu)式(shi)用(yong)处不同,故(gu)此(ci)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)分为(wei)九(jiu)处,是(shi)以(yi)每一处为(wei)一书,以(yi)待其(qi)出(chu),式(shi)谓(wei)用(yong)财(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)度,是(shi)所待异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

以九式均节财用:一曰祭祀之式,二曰宾客之式,三曰丧荒之式,四曰羞服之式,五曰工事之式,六曰币帛之式,七曰刍秣之式,八曰匪颁之式,九曰好用之式。(式谓用财之节度。荒,凶年也。羞,饮食之物也。工,作器物者。币帛,所以赠劳宾客者。刍秣,养牛马禾也。郑司农云:“匪,分也。颁读为班布之班,谓班赐也。”玄谓王所分赐群臣也。好用,燕好所赐予。
  ○羞服,干云“羞,饮食也。服,车服也。服或作膳。”刍(chu),初(chu)俱反(fan)(fan)。颁,郑(zheng)音班,徐音坟。好,呼报(bao)反(fan)(fan),注同。劳,力报(bao)反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“以九”至“之式”
  ○释曰:云“以九式均节财用”者,式谓依常多少,用财法式也。
  ○“一曰祭祀之式”者,谓若大祭、次祭用大牢,小祭用特牲之类。
  ○“二曰宾客之式”者,谓若上公饔饩九牢、飧五牢、五积之类。
  ○“三曰丧荒之式”者,丧谓若诸侯诸臣之丧,含礻遂赠奠赙之类。王家之丧,所用大,非此所共也。荒谓凶年不孰,有所施与也。
  ○“四曰羞服之式”者,谓王之膳羞衣服所用也。
  ○“五曰工事之式”者,谓百工巧作器物之法。
  ○“六曰币帛之式”者,谓若赠劳宾客也。
  ○“七曰刍秣之式”者,谓牛马禾也。
  ○“八曰匪颁之式”者,谓若分赐群臣也。
  ○“九曰好用之式”者,燕好所施予也。此九者,亦依尊卑缓急为先後之次也。
  ○注“式谓”至“赐予”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“荒,凶年也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),《曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁凶,年不登(deng)”,是(shi)凶年也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“羞,饮(yin)食(shi)之物也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《膳夫》饮(yin)用六清(qing)、食(shi)用六、酱用百有二(er)十等(deng)之类。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“工,作器物者(zhe)”,若(ruo)《考(kao)工》所(suo)(suo)(suo)作器物也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“币帛,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以赠(zeng)劳宾客者(zhe)”,谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《司(si)仪职》上公三(san)问、三(san)劳之等(deng),皆有束帛。《聘礼(li)》贿(hui)用束纺。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刍秣(mo),养牛马禾(he)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《聘礼(li)》致饔饩刍禾(he)之等(deng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄谓(wei)(wei)王所(suo)(suo)(suo)分(fen)赐(ci)(ci)群臣”者(zhe),就足司(si)农班赐(ci)(ci)之义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“好(hao)用,燕(yan)好(hao)所(suo)(suo)(suo)赐(ci)(ci)予”者(zhe),以其言(yan)好(hao),则知是(shi)燕(yan)饮(yin)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)爱(ai)好(hao),自(zi)因欢乐,则有赐(ci)(ci)予也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

以九贡致邦国之用:一曰祀贡,二曰嫔贡,三曰器贡,四曰币贡,五曰材贡,六曰货贡,七曰服贡,八曰ヵ贡,九曰物贡。(嫔,故书作宾。郑司农云“祀贡,牺牲包茅之属。宾贡,皮帛之属。器贡,宗庙之器。币贡,绣帛。材贡,木材也。货贡,珠贝自然之物也。服贡,祭服。ヵ贡,羽毛。物贡,九州之外,各以其所贵为挚。肃慎氏贡苦矢之属是也。”玄谓嫔贡,丝。器贡,银铁石磬丹漆也。币贡,玉马皮帛也。材贡,熏栝柏┠也。货贡,金玉龟贝也。服贡,也。游,读如囿游之游。游贡,燕好珠玑琅也。物贡,杂物鱼盐橘柚。
  ○嫔,郑(zheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)频。司农音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)宾。贽(zhi),音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)至(zhi),本亦作挚。苦,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)户。熏,敕伦(lun)反(fan)。,古旦反(fan)。┠,西了反(fan)。,火党反(fan)。,敕其反(fan)。,直吕反(fan)。玑,徐音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)畿,刘(liu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其既(ji)反(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)机。琅,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)郎。音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)干(gan)。柚,羊(yang)救(jiu)反(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)羊(yang)受反(fan),或(huo)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)喻。)

[疏]“以九贡”至“物贡”
  ○释曰:云“致邦国之用”者,谓此贡,诸侯邦国岁之常贡,则《小行人》云今春入贡是也。《大行人》云“侯服岁一见,其贡祀物。”彼谓因朝而贡,与此别也。但诸侯国内得民税,大国贡半,次国三之一,小国四之一。所贡者,市取当国所出美物,则《禹贡》所云“厥篚”、“厥贡”之类是也。
  ○注“嫔故”至“橘柚”
  ○释曰(yue):言“故(gu)书”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)《周(zhou)礼》时(shi)有数本。刘向未(wei)校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,或在山岩石(shi)(shi)室有古(gu)文,考校後(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)今(jin)(jin)文。古(gu)今(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)同,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)据今(jin)(jin)文注(zhu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)书作宾(bin)(bin)”。此(ci)九(jiu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),皆(jie)是诸侯宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)得(de)特(te)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一事为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宾(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若言嫔(pin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谓丝(si),堪为(wei)(wei)(wei)妇人所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)作是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),牺(xi)牲包(bao)茅(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《礼记·礼器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三牲、鱼腊,九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)”,故(gu)知(zhi)祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有牺(xi)牲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)僖(xi)公四年,齐责楚“包(bao)茅(mao)不(bu)(bu)入,王(wang)祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)共,无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缩酒(jiu)”,故(gu)知(zhi)祀贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有包(bao)茅(mao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皮帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)嫔(pin)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)宾(bin)(bin),如(ru)上(shang)释也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“器(qi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大行(xing)人因朝而(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得(de)有成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi),此(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)得(de)有成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),绣帛”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》有“厥(jue)篚织贝(bei)(bei)”及“玄(xuan)纤缟”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,故(gu)知(zhi)币贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有绣帛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“材(cai)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),木材(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》中有“惟木”,故(gu)知(zhi)材(cai)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有木材(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“货(huo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),珠贝(bei)(bei)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)据《食(shi)货(huo)志》为(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),祭(ji)服(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大行(xing)人因朝而(er)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),有祭(ji)服(fu)(fu),此(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)得(de)有成(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“游(you)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),羽毛”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)游(you)据人宴好,不(bu)(bu)得(de)据物(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)生(sheng)称,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)(wu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贵(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)挚”,又(you)引肃慎氏(shi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)苦矢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)世(shi)一见,无此(ci)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄(xuan)谓嫔(pin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),丝(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),丝(si),青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),此(ci)破(po)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“器(qi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),银铁石(shi)(shi)磬(qing)丹(dan)漆也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),银铁,梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);漆,兖州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);石(shi)(shi)即(ji)(ji)砺(li)砥,荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);磬(qing)即(ji)(ji)泗滨(bin)浮磬(qing),徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),玉(yu)(yu)马(ma)(ma)皮帛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》尧时(shi)无贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)马(ma)(ma)法,《觐礼》诸侯享礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“匹马(ma)(ma)卓上(shang),九(jiu)马(ma)(ma)随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,周(zhou)则有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。玉(yu)(yu),即(ji)(ji)球琳(lin)。皮,即(ji)(ji)熊(xiong)罴(pi)狐(hu)狸,并雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。帛,即(ji)(ji)织贝(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,杨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。此(ci)增成(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“材(cai)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),熏括(kuo)柏┠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。此(ci)亦(yi)增成(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“货(huo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),金(jin)玉(yu)(yu)龟贝(bei)(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)增成(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。龟出九(jiu)江,荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。玉(yu)(yu),即(ji)(ji)球琳(lin),亦(yi)雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。金(jin),即(ji)(ji)金(jin)三品(pin)及贝(bei)(bei),杨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ヵ读为(wei)(wei)(wei)囿游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游(you)。游(you)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),燕好珠玑(ji)琅(lang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)破(po)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)生(sheng)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)羽毛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。珠,即(ji)(ji)珠,徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。玑(ji),即(ji)(ji)玑(ji)组,荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。琅(lang),雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)(wu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),杂物(wu)(wu)(wu)鱼盐橘柚”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)亦(yi)破(po)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。鱼,即(ji)(ji)暨鱼,徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。盐,青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。橘柏,荆杨所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。已(yi)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),皆(jie)据《禹贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》而(er)言。

以九两系邦国之名:一曰牧,以地得民;二曰长,以贵得民;三曰师,以贤得民;四曰儒,以道得民;五曰宗,以族得民;六曰主,以利得民;七曰吏,以治得民;八曰友,以任得民;九曰薮,以富得民。(两犹耦也,所以协耦万民。系,联缀也。牧,州长也。九州各有封域,以居民也。长,诸侯也,一邦之贵,民所仰也。师,诸侯师氏,有德行以教民者。儒,诸侯保氏,有六艺以教民者。宗,继别为大宗,收族者。郑司农云“主谓公卿大夫,世世食采不绝,民税薄利之。”玄谓:利,读如“上思利民”之利,谓以政教利之。吏,小吏在乡邑者。友谓同井相合耦锄作者。《孟子》曰:“乡田同井,出入相友,守望相助,疾病相扶,则百姓亲睦。”薮亦有虞,掌其政令,为之厉禁,使其地之民,守其材物。以时入于王府,颁其馀於万民。富谓薮中材物。
  ○系,音计。治,直吏反,下注王治、凡治、视(shi)治皆同。薮,干云(yun):“宜作叟。”行,下孟反。锄(chu),音助。)

[疏]“以九”至“得民”
  ○释曰:言“邦国”,即据诸侯及万民而言。谓王者於邦国之中立法,使诸侯与民相合耦而联缀,不使离散,有九事,故云“以九两系邦国之民”也。
  ○“一曰牧,以地得民”者,谓畿外八州之中,州别立一州牧,使侯伯有功德者为之,使统领二百一十国。以有一州土地集安万民,故云“牧,以地得民”也。
  ○“二曰长,以贵得民”者,谓一国立诸侯,与民为君长,是一国之贵,民所仰效,而民归之,故云“以贵得民”也。
  ○“三曰师,以贤得民”者,谓诸侯已下,立教学之官为师氏,以有三德、三行,使学子归之,故云“以贤得民”,民则学子是也。
  ○“四曰儒,以道得民”者,诸侯师氏之下,又置一保氏之官,不与天子保氏同名,故号曰“儒”。掌养国子以道德,故云“以道得民”,民亦谓学子也。
  ○“五曰宗,以族得民”者,谓大宗子与族食族燕,序以昭穆,故云“以族得民”,民即族人也。
  ○“六曰主,以利得民”者,主谓大夫,宣君政教,以利得民,民则采邑之民也。
  ○“七曰吏,以治得民”者,吏在民间,若比长、闾胥,有以治政之所得民。
  ○“八曰友,以任得民”者,言以任,则非同门之朋友,谓在田里之间相佐助,以相任使而得民,即邻伍聚居者。
  ○“九曰薮,以富得民”者,以上八者皆据人而言,此一者不据人而言薮者,见民之所居之处,利益於人,泽薮之中,多有材物。以富得民,举薮而言,则山泽之等,皆有材物,民居可知也。
  ○注“两犹”至“材物”
  ○释(shi)曰:训“两犹耦(ou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲取在上(shang)与(yu)民(min)相(xiang)协耦(ou)联缀(zhui),使不(bu)离(li)散也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧(mu),州(zhou)(zhou)长也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)记(ji)·王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),二百一(yi)十国以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)州(zhou)(zhou),州(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)伯。伯则长,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧(mu),州(zhou)(zhou)长”也(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)《下(xia)曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“选贤侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)之”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)域以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居民(min)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝命式于(yu)(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)围”,九(jiu)(jiu)围,则九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)域疆界也(ye)(ye)。言此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地得民(min)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“长,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对(dui)则大(da)(da)(da)夫称长,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)称君。今此(ci)上(shang)言牧(mu),下(xia)言长,故(gu)(gu)(gu)据诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)师(shi)(shi)氏”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)一(yi)经(jing)皆(jie)据诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。又(you)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤得民(min)”,是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)师(shi)(shi)氏也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)行(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《师(shi)(shi)氏职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)德(de)(de)(de)、三(san)行(xing)教(jiao)国子”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“儒(ru),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)氏有(you)(you)(you)(you)六艺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)得民(min)”,《保(bao)氏职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)养国子以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao),教(jiao)之六艺”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)氏不(bu)可同(tong)(tong)天(tian)子之官,故(gu)(gu)(gu)变保(bao)言儒(ru),儒(ru)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)道(dao)德(de)(de)(de)之称也(ye)(ye)。“宗(zong),继别为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong),收(shou)族者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,见(jian)《礼(li)记(ji)·大(da)(da)(da)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“继别为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)”,对(dui)“继祢为(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敬宗(zong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)收(shou)族”,族食、族燕,是(shi)(shi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)收(shou)族也(ye)(ye)。郑司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“主谓(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)卿大(da)(da)(da)夫,世(shi)世(shi)食采不(bu)绝,民(min)税(shui)薄(bo)利(li)之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先郑意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薄(bo)税(shui)为(wei)利(li)。後郑不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),税(shui)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)常,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《孟子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若轻之於(wu)尧舜(shun)(shun),大(da)(da)(da)貉(he)、小(xiao)貉(he);重(zhong)之於(wu)尧舜(shun)(shun),大(da)(da)(da)桀(jie)、小(xiao)桀(jie)”,是(shi)(shi)不(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)轻重(zhong),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)什(shen)一(yi)为(wei)正,何得薄(bo)税(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)民(min)乎(hu)?故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)利(li)读如‘上(shang)思(si)利(li)民(min)’之利(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政教(jiao)利(li)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)思(si)利(li)民(min),忠也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)《左氏传》随季(ji)良之辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吏,小(xiao)吏在乡邑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若比长、闾胥,或(huo)(huo)在乡,或(huo)(huo)在公(gong)邑、采邑,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“友谓(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)合(he)耦(ou)锄(chu)(chu)作”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑意经(jing)意非谓(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)师(shi)(shi)曰友,正是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)在井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)邑之间共居,若《里(li)宰(zai)职(zhi)》“合(he)耦(ou)于(yu)(yu)锄(chu)(chu)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“合(he)耦(ou),使相(xiang)佐助(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孟子》曰:‘乡田同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),出入相(xiang)友,守(shou)望(wang)相(xiang)助(zhu),疾病相(xiang)扶,则百姓亲睦(mu)’”,引《孟子》“乡田同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证友是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之友。但乡遂为(wei)沟(gou)洫,不(bu)为(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)田,而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乡田同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡遂虽不(bu)为(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)田,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)三(san)相(xiang)任以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出税(shui),与(yu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)田同(tong)(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。或(huo)(huo)解同(tong)(tong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)水,义亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“薮(sou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《地官·泽虞(yu)(yu)(yu)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“每大(da)(da)(da)泽、大(da)(da)(da)薮(sou),中士二人”,是(shi)(shi)薮(sou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)其(qi)政令(ling)”已(yi)下(xia),皆(jie)《泽虞(yu)(yu)(yu)职(zhi)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“富谓(wei)(wei)(wei)薮(sou)中材物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)薪(xin)蒸蒲苇,薮(sou)中所有(you)(you)(you)(you)之物也(ye)(ye)。

正月之吉,始和布治于邦国都鄙,乃县治象之法于象魏,使万民观治象,挟日而敛之。(正月,周之正月。吉谓朔日。大宰以正月朔日,布王治之事於天下,至正岁,又书而县于象魏,振木铎以徇之,使万民观焉。小宰亦帅其属而往,皆所以重治法、新王事也。凡治有故,言始和者,若改造云尔。郑司农云:“象魏,阙也。故鲁灾,季桓子御公立于象魏之外,命藏象魏,曰旧章不可忘。”从甲至甲谓之挟日,凡十月。
  ○县,音玄,注同(tong)。挟(xie),子(zi)(zi)协反(fan)(fan),字又作浃,同(tong)。于本作币,子(zi)(zi)合反(fan)(fan)。铎,待洛反(fan)(fan)。徇,辞俊反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“正月”至“敛之”
  ○释曰:自此已下,皆谓施前事条。谓“建子”,周之正月言之。“吉”,谓朔日也。始调和上六典、八法已下之事,和讫,当月即颁布此治职文书于诸侯邦国、卿大夫都鄙。言“乃县”者,乃,缓辞。至建寅之正月,乃县治象之法于雉门象魏,使万民共观治象。“挟日”者,从甲至甲,凡十日,敛藏之于明堂,於後月月受而行之,谓之告朔也。
  ○注“正月”至“十日”
  ○释曰:知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文(wen)“乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)(xian)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)寅(yin),明上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《论语(yu)·乡(xiang)(xiang)党》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吉(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue),必朝(chao)(chao)服而(er)(er)朝(chao)(chao)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)吉(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)。《礼(li)记·玉(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸(zhu)侯皮(pi)弁听朔(shuo)(shuo)于大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。”或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉(ji),或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朔(shuo)(shuo)。听朔(shuo)(shuo)在月(yue)(yue)(yue)一日(ri),是(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)为朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)宰以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)布(bu)王(wang)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)于天(tian)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言天(tian)下(xia),即(ji)经邦国都鄙,是(shi)(shi)(shi)畿(ji)外畿(ji)内遍天(tian)下(xia)。即(ji)《乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)夫职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji),受法於(wu)司(si)徒,退而(er)(er)颁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)吏”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)司(si)徒布(bu)教(jiao)法,从(cong)六乡(xiang)(xiang)已(yi)下(xia)出(chu),则(ze)此(ci)大(da)(da)宰布(bu)法,亦(yi)从(cong)六乡(xiang)(xiang)已(yi)下(xia)出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)正(zheng)岁又书而(er)(er)县(xian)(xian)(xian)于象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑(zheng)释经中(zhong)“乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)(xian)”。必知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)岁建(jian)(jian)寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)小宰所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)佐大(da)(da)宰,彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)正(zheng)岁县(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与此(ci)乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)(xian)为一事(shi)(shi),故(gu)至(zhi)正(zheng)岁县(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振木铎者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),约《小宰》而(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡治有(you)(you)(you)故(gu),言始和(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若改造云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)六典已(yi)下(xia)至(zhi)九两(liang)(liang),国法常定,今(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)始和(he),似(si)更新(xin)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),改造云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尔(er),其(qi)(qi)实不(bu)改。郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),阙(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周公(gong)(gong)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),雉(zhi)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,两(liang)(liang)观(guan)阙(que)高魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan),《春秋左(zuo)氏(shi)》定二(er)年夏五月(yue)(yue)(yue),“雉(zhi)门(men)灾(zai)及(ji)两(liang)(liang)观(guan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)观(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)象(xiang)(xiang)可观(guan)望(wang)。又谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),阙(que),去(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。仰视治象(xiang)(xiang),阙(que)去(qu)疑事(shi)(shi)。或(huo)解阙(que)中(zhong)通(tong)门(men),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)庄二(er)十(shi)一年云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)伯享(xiang)王(wang)于阙(que)西辟”,注:“阙(que),象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案《公(gong)(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)驹(ju)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘诸(zhu)侯僭天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),大(da)(da)夫僭诸(zhu)侯,久(jiu)矣。’公(gong)(gong)曰:‘吾何(he)僭矣哉(zai)?’子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)驹(ju)曰:‘设两(liang)(liang)观(guan),乘(cheng)大(da)(da)路。’”何(he)氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)两(liang)(liang)观(guan),诸(zhu)侯台(tai)门(men),则(ze)诸(zhu)侯不(bu)合有(you)(you)(you)观(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若然(ran),雉(zhi)门(men)灾(zai)及(ji)两(liang)(liang)观(guan),及(ji)《礼(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“游於(wu)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)”,有(you)(you)(you)观(guan)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)僭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)鲁(lu)灾(zai),季(ji)(ji)桓(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)御(yu)公(gong)(gong)立于象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,命藏象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),曰旧(jiu)章不(bu)可忘”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)三年《左(zuo)氏(shi)传》辞。案彼桓(huan)、僖(xi)(xi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)灾(zai),天(tian)火(huo)曰灾(zai),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)桓(huan)、僖(xi)(xi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)被(bei)天(tian)火(huo)所(suo)烧。旧(jiu)章象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong),恐火(huo)连及(ji),故(gu)命藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若然(ran),象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)县(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)治也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)县(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)日(ri),藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)。季(ji)(ji)桓(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)至(zhi),与公(gong)(gong)立於(wu)雉(zhi)门(men)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,观(guan)旧(jiu)县(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),命藏大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证象(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)甲(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挟日(ri),凡十(shi)日(ri)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),破诸(zhu)家(jia)从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)癸谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挟日(ri)通(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)癸,仍(reng)有(you)(you)(you)癸日(ri),不(bu)得通(tong)挟,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)甲(jia)至(zhi)甲(jia)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

乃施典于邦国,而建其牧,立其监,设其参,傅其伍,陈其殷,置其辅。(乃者,更申敕之。以侯伯有功德者,加命作州长,谓之牧,所谓八命作牧者。监谓公侯伯子男各监一国。《书》曰:“王启监,厥乱为民。”参谓卿三人,伍谓大夫五人。郑司农云“殷,治律。辅,为民之平也。”玄谓殷,众也,谓众士也。《王制》:诸侯上士二十七人,其中士、下士,各居其上之三分。辅,府史,庶人在官者。
  ○参(can),七南反。干云:“三公也。”傅,戚音附(fu),徐方慕反。监,古衔反。为,于伪反。平,音评。)

[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
  ○释曰:上已言六典治邦国,更言施典于邦国,故郑云“乃”者,更申敕之。所施者典,则“建其牧”以下是也。建,立也。每一州之中立一牧。“立其监”者,每一国之中立一诸侯,使各监一国。“设其参”者,谓诸侯之国各立三卿。“傅其伍”者,谓三卿下各立五大夫。“陈其殷”者,三卿下各陈士九人,三九二十七。“置其辅”者,谓三卿下各设府、史、胥、徒。
  ○注“乃者”至“官者”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“以侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)有(you)功德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),加(jia)命作(zuo)州(zhou)长(zhang),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)曲礼》云(yun)(yun)“州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu)於(wu)外曰侯(hou)(hou)”,即(ji)(ji)是(shi)先取侯(hou)(hou)有(you)功德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧(mu)(mu),若(ruo)无贤(xian)侯(hou)(hou),伯(bo)(bo)亦得(de),故(gu)连言(yan)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)有(you)功德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“加(jia)命作(zuo)州(zhou)长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)七命,州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu)八命,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“加(jia)命作(zuo)州(zhou)长(zhang)”。云(yun)(yun)“所谓八命作(zuo)牧(mu)(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)职》云(yun)(yun)“七命赐国(guo)(guo)(guo),八命作(zuo)牧(mu)(mu)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),天子使(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)监(jian)(jian)。至周,使(shi)伯(bo)(bo)佐牧(mu)(mu),不使(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)《诗·旄丘(qiu)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun):“《旄丘(qiu)》,责卫伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“卫康叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)爵称侯(hou)(hou),今(jin)曰伯(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),时为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),使(shi)伯(bo)(bo)佐牧(mu)(mu),即(ji)(ji)僖公(gong)四年“五(wu)侯(hou)(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)”。五(wu)侯(hou)(hou)是(shi)州(zhou)牧(mu)(mu),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)是(shi)牧(mu)(mu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)。云(yun)(yun)“监(jian)(jian)谓公(gong)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)子男各监(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”,引《书》曰“王启监(jian)(jian),厥乱为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)是(shi)《尚书·梓(zi)材(cai)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇。周公(gong)封(feng)康叔而敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证(zheng)监(jian)(jian)是(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“参(can)谓卿(qing)三(san)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《左氏传》杜泄云(yun)(yun)“吾(wu)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)马,孟氏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)。”则(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)三(san)卿(qing),司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)、司(si)(si)(si)马、司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“伍谓大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宰(zai)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)主(zhu)司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)事,一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)寇大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。司(si)(si)(si)马事省,阙一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)治(zhi)律(lv),辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓置官主(zhu)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)。辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓置辅(fu)是(shi)平断。此(ci)先郑(zheng)(zheng)盖是(shi)後(hou)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“玄谓殷(yin),众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),谓众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)称殷(yin),与(yu)旅司(si)(si)(si),并(bing)是(shi)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)义(yi),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)玄谓众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引《王制》“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)”已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按彼注,大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang),次(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中,小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。言(yan)数(shu)各居(ju)其上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)分(fen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)谓盟会立(li)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)。大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang),北面,前(qian)行,上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、中九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。次(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)後(hou)行,上(shang)(shang)士(shi)当大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中士(shi),中士(shi)当大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)当其空(kong)。小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)士(shi),当大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi),中士(shi)当次(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)当其空(kong)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“数(shu)各居(ju)其上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)分(fen)”,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)破(po)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)殷(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)律(lv)。云(yun)(yun)“辅(fu),府史庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)在官”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),破(po)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)辅(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平。若(ruo)然,建(jian)、立(li)、陈、置,其义(yi)可知。其伍言(yan)傅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)上(shang)(shang)有(you)卿(qing),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)士(shi),受(shou)上(shang)(shang)政傅於(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),受(shou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)政傅於(wu)上(shang)(shang),故(gu)独(du)云(yun)(yun)傅。

乃施则于都鄙,而建其(qi)长(zhang),立(li)其(qi)两(liang),设(she)其(qi)伍,陈其(qi)殷,置其(qi)辅。(长(zhang),谓(wei)公卿大夫、王子弟食采邑者。两(liang)谓(wei)两(liang)卿,不言三卿者,不足于诸侯。郑(zheng)司农(nong)云:“两(liang)谓(wei)两(liang)丞。”)

[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
  ○释曰:上已言八则治都鄙,更令施则於都鄙,故言“乃”,亦是更申敕之义。“建其长”,谓公卿王子弟为采邑之主,以是一邑之长,故言建其长。“立其两”者,谓每采地之中立其两卿。“设其伍,陈其殷,置其辅”,义与上邦国同。
  ○注“长谓”至“两丞”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“长(zhang)(zhang),谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《典(dian)命(ming)(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三公(gong)(gong)(gong)八命(ming)(ming),其(qi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)六(liu)命(ming)(ming),其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)。”案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“六(liu)命(ming)(ming)赐官(guan)(guan)”,彼注:“王(wang)六(liu)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),赐官(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使得自置其(qi)臣(chen)治家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邑(yi),如(ru)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。”则此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)长(zhang)(zhang),唯(wei)(wei)据公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)已(yi)上。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)合立(li)官(guan)(guan)。此(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“长(zhang)(zhang),谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”,并(bing)言大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)虽立(li)官(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)与(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)(tong),亦(yi)得称长(zhang)(zhang),是广(guang)解(jie)长(zhang)(zhang)义。其(qi)实大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)合有两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),当(dang)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)(tong),官(guan)(guan)事当(dang)相兼也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)食(shi)(shi)采邑(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓亲王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)食(shi)(shi)邑(yi)与(yu)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong),在(zai)五(wu)百里(li)(li)疆地(di),各百里(li)(li)。其(qi)次疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)四(si)百里(li)(li)县(xian)地(di),各五(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li),与(yu)六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。已(yi)上二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得立(li)两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)等。其(qi)次更疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)三百里(li)(li)稍(shao)地(di),各食(shi)(shi)二十(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li),与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)(tong),不(bu)(bu)得立(li)两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),亦(yi)职相兼也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“两(liang)谓两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),不(bu)(bu)言三卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)足於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)畿外诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)南面为尊,故得申(shen)而立(li)三卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)、六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)虽尊,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)在(zai)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)下,故屈而立(li)两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),不(bu)(bu)足於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“两(liang)谓两(liang)丞(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)两(liang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),丞(cheng)副其(qi)长(zhang)(zhang),先郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)後代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)况之(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)两(liang)丞(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)中唯(wei)(wei)有都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi),无(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),故都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)中含有公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。春官(guan)(guan)都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人、家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人,都(dou)(dou)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)并(bing)有,故公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)入都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人中,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)则入家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人中。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)虽有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)、小都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)别,而同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)都(dou)(dou),故大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)得都(dou)(dou)名(ming)(ming),直有家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)称,故在(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人也(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)於(wu)夏官(guan)(guan)都(dou)(dou)司(si)马、家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)司(si)马,又(you)与(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)人、都(dou)(dou)宗(zong)(zong)人异。故郑(zheng)(zheng)注《都(dou)(dou)司(si)马》,唯(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di),其(qi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)又(you)入家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)司(si)马中。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)司(si)马辨尊卑,六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)卑,又(you)自使其(qi)臣(chen)为司(si)马,若叔孙氏之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)名(ming)(ming)戾,王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)为之(zhi)(zhi)立(li)司(si)马,故卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)入中。若然,都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),其(qi)号有三。若得诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)号,唯(wei)(wei)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di),故《司(si)裘》“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)熊侯(hou)(hou)、豹(bao)侯(hou)(hou),卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)麋侯(hou)(hou)”,是卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)入诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。若立(li)臣(chen)如(ru)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),即此(ci)文卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)与(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。若称长(zhang)(zhang)可及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),亦(yi)此(ci)注含大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)是也(ye)(ye)。

乃施(shi)法于官府,而建其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng),立其(qi)(qi)(qi)贰(er),设其(qi)(qi)(qi)考,陈其(qi)(qi)(qi)殷,置(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)辅。(正(zheng)谓冢宰、司(si)(si)徒、宗伯、司(si)(si)马、司(si)(si)寇、司(si)(si)空也(ye)。贰(er)谓小(xiao)(xiao)宰、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒、小(xiao)(xiao)宗伯、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)马、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)寇、小(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)空也(ye)。考,成也(ye),佐(zuo)成事者,谓宰夫、乡师、肆师、军司(si)(si)马、士(shi)师也(ye)。司(si)(si)空亡,未闻其(qi)(qi)(qi)考。)

[疏]“乃施”至“其辅”
  ○释曰:案上官府在都鄙上,此文在都鄙下者,欲见都鄙置臣与诸侯同,又见诸侯下亦有都鄙之义,故进都鄙在上,使文承邦国之下也。已上言“八法治官府”,今更言“施法于官府”。言“乃”者,亦是更申敕之也。“而建其正”,正,长也。亦是一官之长。若《大宰》之等云“立其贰”者,谓小卿副贰大卿,即小宰之等。“设其考”者,考,成也,佐成事者。宰夫之等也。殷、辅,义与前同。
  ○注“正谓”至“其考”
  ○释曰:宰夫(fu)已下,并(bing)是(shi)五(wu)官之(zhi)长。云“《司(si)(si)空》亡,未闻(wen)其考”者,案《乡师(shi)(shi)》云“及葬,执(zhi)纛以(yi)与匠师(shi)(shi)御柩”,注云:“匠师(shi)(shi)事官之(zhi)属(shu),其於司(si)(si)空,若(ruo)乡师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)於司(si)(si)徒。”若(ruo)然,乡师(shi)(shi)是(shi)司(si)(si)徒之(zhi)考,则匠师(shi)(shi)亦(yi)司(si)(si)空之(zhi)考,而(er)此(ci)云“未闻(wen)”者,彼(bi)文以(yi)义约之(zhi),司(si)(si)空考匠师(shi)(shi)也,无正文,故此(ci)云未闻(wen)也。

凡治,以(yi)典待(dai)邦国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,以(yi)则(ze)待(dai)都鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,以(yi)法待(dai)官府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,以(yi)官成(cheng)(cheng)待(dai)万民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,以(yi)礼待(dai)宾(bin)客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治。(成(cheng)(cheng),八成(cheng)(cheng)。礼,宾(bin)礼也。)

[疏]“凡治”至“之治”
  ○释曰:以其天官主治,故以目之。六典本以治邦国,故云“以典待邦国之治”。八则本以治都鄙,故云“以则待都鄙之治”。八法本以治官府,故云“以法待官府之治”。八成本以治万民,故云“以官成待万民之治”。礼者本以接宾客,故云“以礼待宾客之治”。据上文,官成在八法治官府中,今特出之者,以其八成本待万民,不待官府,若不特出之,则无此待万民之事。在八法官府者,欲见官府执行。故《礼记》云“谁能秉国成”,成,则八成也。以礼待宾客,本在八统,今特见之者,以上亲亲、敬故、进贤、使能、保庸、尊贵、达吏,皆是王行之於朝,以示於民,使民观之入善,不必更别有礼。唯礼宾特别有礼,若聘礼之类也。此皆言“以”者,当别有篇卷,使人执持施行之,知然者,以《周礼》六官皆邦国之治,则六官掌事不可专主邦国,故知别有篇卷,但在三百之中亡逸也。
  ○注“成八”至“礼也”
  ○释曰:八(ba)成,小宰职(zhi)掌(zhang)。“掌(zhang)礼(li),宾礼(li)”者,若聘礼(li)、觐礼(li)、掌(zhang)客之(zhi)等(deng)是也。

祀五帝,则掌百官之誓戒,与其具。(祀五帝,谓四郊及明堂。誓戒,要之以刑,重失礼也。《明堂位》所谓“各扬其职,百官废职服大刑”,是其辞之略也。具,所当共。,扫除粪洒。
  ○要,一遥反(fan)。粪,弗运(yun)反(fan)。洒,色(se)卖(mai)反(fan)。)

[疏]“祀五”至“具”
  ○释曰:“祀五帝,则掌百官之誓戒”者,谓祭前十日已前,誓戒百官,则大宰掌之。“与其具”者,使百官供祭祀之具及之扫除也。
  ○注“祀五”至“粪洒”
  ○释曰:五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe),东(dong)方青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灵(ling)威仰,南(nan)方赤(chi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)赤(chi)怒,中央(yang)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)含枢(shu)纽(niu),西方白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)白招拒,北方黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)汁光纪。依《月(yue)(yue)令》,四时迎气,及季(ji)夏(xia)六月(yue)(yue)迎土气於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀四帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)各於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)郊(jiao),并(bing)夏(xia)正祭(ji)所感帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)四郊(jiao)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe),总(zong)飨五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。依《月(yue)(yue)令》,秦用季(ji)秋。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未知(zhi)周以(yi)(yi)何月(yue)(yue)”。案《下曲(qu)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)飨不(bu)问(wen)卜(bu)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),莫卜(bu)也(ye)(ye)。”彼(bi)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)不(bu)卜(bu),此下经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帅(shuai)执事而(er)卜(bu)日(ri)”,则此祀(si)(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),不(bu)合有(you)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)及明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe),广解祀(si)(si)五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)此处无明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓(shi)戒(jie)要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing),重(zhong)失礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),言要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing),则服大(da)(da)刑(xing)(xing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。言“重(zhong)失礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)失礼(li)(li)为重(zhong),故(gu)(gu)要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing)。引(yin)《明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)位》,彼(bi)在祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)祭(ji)日(ri),此是(shi)未祭(ji)前引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),欲见祭(ji)前誓(shi)戒(jie)还用祭(ji)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)或(huo)(huo)前或(huo)(huo)後,其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)誓(shi)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)应多,不(bu)应唯(wei)有(you)此言,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略也(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“具,所当供(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)连事,祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具,百官(guan)共(gong)供(gong),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)具谓(wei)所当供(gong)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,埽除(chu)粪洒”者(zhe)(zhe),案《宫(gong)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)六寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,《守(shou)祧》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙有(you)司除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)埽除(chu)粪洒也(ye)(ye)。

前期十日,帅执事而卜日,遂戒。(前期,前所诹之日也。十日,容散齐七日,致齐三日。执事,宗伯、大卜之属。既卜,又戒百官以始齐。
  ○前(qian),如字,于(yu)本同(tong),徐昨见反(fan)(fan),本或(huo)作先,如字,又(you)悉(xi)荐(jian)反(fan)(fan)。诹,子须反(fan)(fan),谋也。散齐,西但反(fan)(fan),下侧(ce)皆(jie)反(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。)

[疏]“前期”至“遂戒”
  ○释曰:“前期”者,谓祭日前夕为期。云“前期十日”者,即是祭前十一日。大宰帅宗伯、大卜之属执事之人而卜日。又言“遂戒”者,谓祭前十日,遂戒百官始齐。
  ○注“前期”至“始齐”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“前期(qi),前所诹之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)”者(zhe),此(ci)依《少牢》所诹之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),即祭(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)。凡祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),谓(wei)於(wu)祭(ji)(ji)前之(zhi)(zhi)夕为期(qi),今言(yan)前期(qi)十日(ri)(ri)者(zhe),明祭(ji)(ji)前十一日(ri)(ri)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)後日(ri)(ri)遂(sui)戒,使(shi)散齐(qi)、致齐(qi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“十日(ri)(ri),容(rong)散齐(qi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri),致齐(qi)三(san)日(ri)(ri)”。案(an)《礼记·祭(ji)(ji)统》云(yun)(yun):“散齐(qi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)以定之(zhi)(zhi),致齐(qi)三(san)日(ri)(ri)以齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”云(yun)(yun)“执事,宗(zong)(zong)伯、大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe),《大宗(zong)(zong)伯职》云(yun)(yun):“凡祀(si)大神(shen)、享大鬼、祭(ji)(ji)大示,帅执事而卜(bu)(bu)(bu)日(ri)(ri)”,谓(wei)宗(zong)(zong)伯莅(li)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)。又案(an)《大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)》云(yun)(yun):“大祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),视高命龟”,故(gu)知执事中(zhong)有宗(zong)(zong)伯、大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)属。中(zhong)含有小宗(zong)(zong)伯及卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi),故(gu)言(yan)“之(zhi)(zhi)属”。但四(si)时迎(ying)气,冬(dong)至(zhi)、夏(xia)至(zhi)郊天等,虽(sui)(sui)有常(chang)时常(chang)日(ri)(ri),犹须审(shen)慎,仍(reng)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)日(ri)(ri)。故(gu)《表记》云(yun)(yun):“不犯日(ri)(ri)月,不违卜(bu)(bu)(bu)筮。”注:“日(ri)(ri)月谓(wei)冬(dong)夏(xia)至(zhi)、正月及四(si)时也(ye)。所不违者(zhe),日(ri)(ri)与牲尸也(ye)。”假令不吉(ji),改卜(bu)(bu)(bu)後日(ri)(ri)。故(gu)《箴膏肓(huang)》云(yun)(yun):“天子郊,以夏(xia)正上(shang)旬之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)。鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),三(san)正下旬之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)。”是虽(sui)(sui)有常(chang)时常(chang)日(ri)(ri),犹卜(bu)(bu)(bu)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)。

及执事,氐涤濯。(执事,初为祭祀前祭日之夕。涤濯,谓溉祭器及甑之属。
  ○氐,音(yin)视(shi),本又作视(shi),後皆同。涤(di),直历(li)反(fan)。濯(zhuo),直角反(fan)。溉(gai),古(gu)爱反(fan)。,鱼善反(fan),徐音(yin)彦,一音(yin)言,本又作,音(yin)历(li)。)

[疏]“及执事氐涤濯”
  ○释(shi)曰:及(ji)(ji),犹至也(ye)。谓至祭(ji)前夕(xi),大(da)宰氐(di)(di)涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo)。案《春(chun)官·小宗(zong)伯(bo)》“大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)氐(di)(di)涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo)”,《大(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)》亦云(yun)(yun)“宿氐(di)(di)涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo)”。彼二官亲(qin)氐(di)(di)涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo),大(da)宰尊,亦往莅之(zhi)。注云(yun)(yun)“执事(shi),初为祭(ji)祀(si)前祭(ji)日之(zhi)夕(xi)”,知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),案下经及(ji)(ji)纳亨者(zhe)(zhe)是祭(ji)日,此(ci)云(yun)(yun)氐(di)(di)涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo),《仪(yi)礼(li)·特牲》亦云(yun)(yun):“前祭(ji)日之(zhi)夕(xi),视壶濯(zhuo)(zhuo)及(ji)(ji)豆笾(bian)(bian)”,士卑(bei)得与人(ren)(ren)君(jun)同(tong)。《少牢(lao)》,大(da)夫礼(li),当(dang)祭(ji)日扌既(ji)祭(ji)器者(zhe)(zhe),下人(ren)(ren)君(jun)也(ye)。注又(you)云(yun)(yun)“涤(di)(di)濯(zhuo)(zhuo),谓扌既(ji)祭(ji)器及(ji)(ji)甑之(zhi)属”,知(zhi)然者(zhe)(zhe),案《少牢(lao)》雍人(ren)(ren)扌既(ji)鼎、匕、俎,廪人(ren)(ren)扌既(ji)甑、,司宫扌既(ji)豆、笾(bian)(bian)及(ji)(ji)勺、爵(jue)。此(ci)不言匕、俎、豆、笾(bian)(bian)、勺、爵(jue)者(zhe)(zhe),之(zhi)属中含之(zhi)。

及纳亨,赞王牲事。(纳亨,纳牲,将告杀。谓乡祭之晨,既杀以授亨人。凡大祭祀,君亲牵牲,大夫赞之。
  ○亨,普(pu)庚反(fan),注同,刘普(pu)孟(meng)反(fan)。乡,许亮反(fan)。)

[疏]“及纳”至“牲事”
  ○释曰:及,犹至也。至纳亨者,案《礼记·明堂位》,君肉袒迎牲于门,卿大夫赞君,及杀讫,纳与亨人,故言“纳亨”。云“赞王牲事”者,即是卿大夫赞币一人也。
  ○注“纳亨”至“赞之”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“纳(na)亨(heng),纳(na)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),将告杀(sha)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)牵(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)入时(shi)也(ye)。《礼器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)“纳(na)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)诏于庭”,杀(sha)讫,毛以(yi)告纯,血(xue)以(yi)告杀(sha),腥其(qi)俎,肫解而(er)腥之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)此(ci)讫,乃纳(na)与(yu)亨(heng)人(ren)(ren),阎祭。此(ci)言纳(na)亨(heng)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)牵(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)乡(xiang)祭之(zhi)(zhi)晨”者(zhe)(zhe),案《檀弓》云(yun)(yun):“周人(ren)(ren)大事(shi)以(yi)日出(chu)”,故(gu)知(zhi)纳(na)亨(heng)是乡(xiang)祭之(zhi)(zhi)晨。此(ci)祭天无,故(gu)先迎牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);若宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)祭有,而(er)後(hou)迎牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“既杀(sha)以(yi)授(shou)亨(heng)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《亨(heng)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》“职(zhi)外内(nei)饔之(zhi)(zhi)爨亨(heng)”,谓(wei)腥其(qi)俎後(hou)。云(yun)(yun)“凡大祭祀,君亲牵(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大夫赞之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)《明(ming)堂位》文。彼鲁(lu)侯(hou)用天子礼,故(gu)还以(yi)引证天子法。

及祀之日,赞玉币爵之事。(日,旦明也。玉币,所以礼神。玉与币各如其方之色。爵,所以献齐酒。不用玉爵,尚质也。三者执以从,王至而授之。
  ○齐,才计(ji)反。)

[疏]“及祀”至“之事”
  ○释曰:及,犹至也。至祭日,谓质明。赞,助也。执此玉币爵三者,助而授王也。
  ○注“日旦”至“授之”
  ○释曰(yue):案(an)(an)《特牲》、《少牢》皆质明行事,故(gu)(gu)知旦明。云(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)币,所以(yi)(yi)礼(li)神(shen)。玉(yu)(yu)与币各(ge)(ge)如(ru)其(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)色(se)”者(zhe),上云(yun)(yun)祀(si)五(wu)帝(di),以(yi)(yi)为迎气(qi)於四(si)郊(jiao)之(zhi)外(wai)。案(an)(an)《大宗伯》“以(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)作六器,以(yi)(yi)礼(li)天地(di)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)”。又云(yun)(yun)“青圭礼(li)东方(fang)(fang)(fang),赤璋(zhang)礼(li)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang),白琥礼(li)西方(fang)(fang)(fang),玄(xuan)璜礼(li)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)”。季夏六月,迎土气(qi)於南(nan)郊(jiao),亦用赤璋(zhang)。下云(yun)(yun)牲币,彼(bi)虽(sui)币不是礼(li)神(shen)之(zhi)币,亦云(yun)(yun)“各(ge)(ge)放其(qi)器之(zhi)色(se)”,是其(qi)礼(li)神(shen)币玉(yu)(yu),亦各(ge)(ge)如(ru)其(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)色(se)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“爵所以(yi)(yi)献(xian)齐酒(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe),案(an)(an)《幂(mi)人》云(yun)(yun)“疏布幂(mi)八尊(zun)”,八尊(zun)者(zhe),五(wu)齐三酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)尊(zun),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)祭(ji)天无,故(gu)(gu)无彝尊(zun)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“不用玉(yu)(yu)爵,尚质也(ye)”者(zhe),对下经(jing)享先王用玉(yu)(yu)爵,尚文(wen);此祭(ji)天不用玉(yu)(yu)爵,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)尚质。云(yun)(yun)“三者(zhe)执以(yi)(yi)从,王至而授之(zhi)”者(zhe),谓至此祀(si)圆丘方(fang)(fang)(fang)泽祭(ji)所而授之(zhi),王亲(qin)自执玉(yu)(yu)币,奠(dian)於神(shen)坐,亲(qin)酌以(yi)(yi)献(xian)尸。

祀大神示亦如之。(大神谓天地。
  ○示,本(ben)又作,音畿。)

[疏]“祀大”至“如之”
  ○释曰:云“祀大神”,谓冬至祭天於圆丘。云“祀大祗”,谓夏至祭地於方泽。“亦如之”者,从掌百官誓戒已下,赞玉币爵之事已上,皆如祀五帝之礼。
  ○注“大神谓天地”
  ○释曰:此天(tian)(tian)谓大天(tian)(tian),对五帝(di)为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)天(tian)(tian)。此地谓大地,对神州之地为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)地,故云(yun)天(tian)(tian)地也。

享先王亦如之,赞玉几、玉爵。(玉几,所以依神。天子左右玉几。宗庙献用玉爵。
  ○享(xiang),许两反,刘音向,注“享(xiang)币”同。)

[疏]“享先”至“玉爵”
  ○释曰:“亦如之”下别言赞玉几、玉爵,则天地不用玉几、玉爵。其言亦如之者,谓亦赞王牲事。已上不云大者,欲见宗庙六享同然。
  ○注“玉几”至“玉爵”
  ○释曰:云“天子左右玉(yu)几(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),此是(shi)《司几(ji)(ji)筵》文。彼所云者(zhe)(zhe),谓王(wang)受(shou)诸侯朝觐会同所设(she)。今此享(xiang)先王(wang)鬼神之几(ji)(ji),亦与王(wang)平生同,故引为证。此享(xiang)先王(wang)有玉(yu)几(ji)(ji)、玉(yu)爵(jue),天地(di)有爵(jue),但不(bu)用(yong)玉(yu)饰。祭宗(zong)庙用(yong)玉(yu)几(ji)(ji),天地(di)亦应有质几(ji)(ji),不(bu)言之者(zhe)(zhe),文不(bu)具。云“宗(zong)庙献用(yong)玉(yu)爵(jue)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《明(ming)堂位》“献用(yong)玉(yu)盏”,谓王(wang)朝践馈(kui)献尸时。若,则用(yong)圭(gui)瓒也。

大朝觐会同,赞玉币、玉献、玉几、玉爵。(助王受此四者。时见曰会,殷见曰同。大会同或於春朝,或於秋觐,举春秋则冬夏可知。玉币,诸侯享币也。其合亦如小行人所合六币云。玉献,献国珍异,亦执玉以致之。玉几,王所依也。立而设几,优尊者。玉爵,王礼诸侯之酢爵。王朝诸侯,立依前,南面,其礼之於阼阶上。
  ○见,贤(xian)遍反(fan),下同。朝,直(zhi)遥反(fan),下文同。酢(zuo),音昨。依,於岂反(fan),本亦作。)

[疏]“大朝”至“玉爵”
  ○释曰:诸侯四时常朝不称大,今朝觐称大者,诸侯为大会同而来,故称大朝觐。赞,助也,助王受此玉币、玉献、玉几、玉爵也。
  ○注“助王”至“阶上”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)见曰(yue)(yue)会(hui)”者(zhe),此《大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯》文(wen)。案(an)彼注“时(shi)(shi)见”者(zhe),言(yan)无常(chang)(chang)期。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯有不(bu)顺服(fu)者(zhe),其顺服(fu)者(zhe)皆来(lai)会(hui)以(yi)师,助王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)讨之,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)见曰(yue)(yue)会(hui)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)见曰(yue)(yue)同(tong)(tong)”者(zhe),亦(yi)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯职》文(wen)。殷(yin),犹众也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)二岁王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)如不(bu)巡狩,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯众来(lai)同(tong)(tong)见天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“殷(yin)见曰(yue)(yue)同(tong)(tong)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)会(hui)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)於(wu)(wu)春(chun)朝(chao)(chao),或(huo)於(wu)(wu)秋(qiu)(qiu)觐(jin)“者(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)会(hui)虽(sui)无常(chang)(chang)期,当春(chun)来(lai)即(ji)是(shi)春(chun)朝(chao)(chao),当秋(qiu)(qiu)来(lai)即(ji)是(shi)秋(qiu)(qiu)觐(jin),当夏(xia)来(lai)即(ji)是(shi)夏(xia)宗,当冬(dong)来(lai)即(ji)是(shi)冬(dong)遇(yu)。若大(da)(da)(da)(da)同(tong)(tong)则有常(chang)(chang)期:春(chun),东(dong)方(fang)六(liu)服(fu)尽来(lai);夏(xia),南方(fang)六(liu)服(fu)尽来(lai);秋(qiu)(qiu)、冬(dong)司农。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“举春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)即(ji)冬(dong)夏(xia)可(ke)知”者(zhe),经直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)”,不(bu)言(yan)“宗遇(yu)”,有宗遇(yu)可(ke)知。在国(guo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)朝(chao)(chao)礼(li)(li)讫(qi),乃皆为坛(tan)於(wu)(wu)国(guo)外而(er)(er)(er)命事焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)币(bi)(bi),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯享(xiang)(xiang)币(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯会(hui)同(tong)(tong)皆依四(si)时(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)朝(chao)(chao),亦(yi)春(chun)、夏(xia)受贽(zhi)于朝(chao)(chao),受享(xiang)(xiang)币(bi)(bi)者(zhe)於(wu)(wu)庙,秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)一(yi)(yi)受之於(wu)(wu)庙,受朝(chao)(chao)既讫(qi),乃受享(xiang)(xiang),献(xian)国(guo)所(suo)(suo)有珍(zhen)异,其行(xing)(xing)(xing)享(xiang)(xiang)之时(shi)(shi),亦(yi)璧琮加束帛以(yi)致之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其合(he)亦(yi)如《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)合(he)六(liu)币(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe),案(an)《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)合(he)六(liu)币(bi)(bi),圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)马(ma),璋以(yi)皮(pi),璧以(yi)帛,琮以(yi)锦(jin),琥(hu)以(yi)绣(xiu)(xiu),璜以(yi)黼。据彼郑注,五等诸(zhu)(zhu)侯享(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)璧以(yi)帛,享(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)琮以(yi)锦(jin),则圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)马(ma)、璋以(yi)皮(pi)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之後。享(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)马(ma),享(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)璋以(yi)皮(pi),则琥(hu)以(yi)绣(xiu)(xiu)、璜以(yi)黼者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)男自相享(xiang)(xiang)法。但《小(xiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)时(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)朝(chao)(chao),不(bu)见大(da)(da)(da)(da)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)会(hui)同(tong)(tong)法,约与四(si)时(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)朝(chao)(chao)同(tong)(tong),无正(zheng)文(wen),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)献(xian),献(xian)国(guo)珍(zhen)异,亦(yi)执(zhi)玉(yu)以(yi)致之”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三享(xiang)(xiang)之外,别有献(xian)国(guo)珍(zhen)异,亦(yi)如三享(xiang)(xiang)执(zhi)玉(yu)以(yi)致之,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)玉(yu)献(xian),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)玉(yu)致献(xian)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)几(ji)(ji)(ji),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)依也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)冯依。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“立(li)而(er)(er)(er)设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)(ji),优尊者(zhe)”,知立(li)而(er)(er)(er)设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe),案(an)《司几(ji)(ji)(ji)筵》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨射,凡封(feng)国(guo),命诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位(wei)设(she)(she)黼依,依前南乡,左(zuo)右玉(yu)几(ji)(ji)(ji)。”是(shi)立(li)而(er)(er)(er)设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。但春(chun)夏(xia)受享(xiang)(xiang),秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)一(yi)(yi)受之於(wu)(wu)庙,庙中则有前设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)(ji)法。几(ji)(ji)(ji)为坐设(she)(she),今立(li)而(er)(er)(er)设(she)(she)几(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)优至尊也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)爵(jue)(jue),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)礼(li)(li)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之酢(zuo)爵(jue)(jue)”者(zhe),案(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“上(shang)公再而(er)(er)(er)酢(zuo),侯伯一(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)酢(zuo),子(zi)(zi)(zi)男一(yi)(yi)不(bu)酢(zuo)”,此时(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗伯摄,非(fei)冢宰所(suo)(suo)赞。但诸(zhu)(zhu)侯酢(zuo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)用(yong)(yong)玉(yu)爵(jue)(jue),则冢宰赞王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受之,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)赞玉(yu)爵(jue)(jue)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,立(li)前,南面(mian)”者(zhe),此约《司几(ji)(ji)(ji)筵》知之,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)朝(chao)(chao)时(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其礼(li)(li)之於(wu)(wu)阼阶上(shang)”者(zhe),言(yan)礼(li)(li)之,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。知王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在阼阶上(shang)者(zhe),当依宾主之礼(li)(li)。案(an)《燕礼(li)(li)》,主君在阼,实(shi)在牖户之间,故(gu)(gu)知礼(li)(li)之王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在阼阶上(shang)也(ye)(ye)。

大丧,赞赠玉、含玉。(助王为之也。赠玉,既窆,所以送先王。含玉,死者口实,天子以玉。《杂记》曰:“含者执璧将命曰:寡君使某含”,则诸侯含以璧。郑司农云:“含玉,璧琮。”
  ○含(han),本又作,户(hu)暗反,後同。窆,波验反,徐补(bu)赠反。琮,才宗反。)

[疏]“大丧”至“含玉”
  ○释曰:大丧谓王丧。赞王为此二者也。
  ○注“助王”至“璧琮”
  ○释曰:大丧(sang)(sang)既(ji)是王(wang)丧(sang)(sang),云(yun)(yun)“助王(wang)为(wei)(wei)之也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓助嗣王(wang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“赠(zeng)玉既(ji)窆所以(yi)送先(xian)王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《既(ji)夕》,士礼,既(ji)窆谓下棺讫,主人赠(zeng)用(yong)(yong)玄(xuan)以(yi)入圹(kuang)。王(wang)丧(sang)(sang)虽无文,应更有加,亦(yi)当以(yi)玄(xuan)为(wei)(wei)主也(ye)。所赠(zeng),亦(yi)既(ji)窆时也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“含(han)(han)玉,死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)口实”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《士丧(sang)(sang)礼》用(yong)(yong)贝(bei)三(san),郑注:“左(zuo)右<齿真(zhen)>及中,象坚,王(wang)含(han)(han)用(yong)(yong)玉,义(yi)亦(yi)然也(ye)。”又(you)《檀弓》云(yun)(yun)“饭用(yong)(yong)米贝(bei),不忍虚也(ye)。”故云(yun)(yun)“口实”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“天子以(yi)玉”者(zhe)(zhe),此云(yun)(yun)含(han)(han)玉,《玉府》、《典瑞》皆直云(yun)(yun)玉,无异(yi)物之称,对大夫已下不用(yong)(yong)玉,其实亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)璧形。故引(yin)《杂记》,复引(yin)先(xian)郑为(wei)(wei)璧琮之形也(ye)。但含(han)(han)玉始死(si)用(yong)(yong)之,赠(zeng)玉於葬乃用(yong)(yong)。此文後(hou)云(yun)(yun)含(han)(han)玉者(zhe)(zhe),用(yong)(yong)之则有先(xian)後(hou),此作文先(xian)後(hou),无义(yi)例。《典瑞》并云(yun)(yun)“饭玉”,此不云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),文不具也(ye)。

作大(da)事(shi),则戒于(yu)百官,赞王命。(助王为教令。《春秋传》曰(yue):“国之大(da)事(shi),在祀(si)与戎。”)

[疏]“作大”至“王命”
  ○释曰:上已云祀五帝及大神祭祀大事,戒百官讫,则此云“作大事,戒于百官”,唯戎事也。
  ○注“助王”至“与戎”
  ○释曰:《春秋(qiu)传》者(zhe),成十三(san)年,刘(liu)康公(gong)、成肃(su)公(gong)会诸(zhu)侯伐秦,成子受于社,不(bu)敬,刘(liu)子曰:“国之大事(shi),在(zai)祀(si)与戎(rong)。祀(si)有(you)执番(fan),戎(rong)有(you)受,神之大节也。今成子惰,弃其命矣,其不(bu)反乎(hu)?”引之者(zhe),证经大事(shi)是戎(rong)事(shi),连引在(zai)祀(si)耳。

王氐治朝,则(ze)赞听治。(治朝在路(lu)门外,群臣治事(shi)之朝。王视之,则(ze)助王平断。)

[疏]注“治朝”至“平断”
  ○释曰:王有三朝(chao)(chao)(chao),必知(zhi)此是路门(men)外朝(chao)(chao)(chao)者,但外朝(chao)(chao)(chao)是断疑狱之(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),路寝庭朝(chao)(chao)(chao),图宗人、嘉事,二者并於事简,非正朝(chao)(chao)(chao),故知(zhi)治朝(chao)(chao)(chao)是路门(men)外,司(si)士所掌者也(ye)。

氐四方之听朝,亦如之。(谓王巡守在外时。
  ○守,音狩(shou),本亦作狩(shou),後“巡守”皆放此。)

[疏]注“谓王”至“外时”
  ○释曰:经(jing)云“四方听朝,故知(zhi)巡(xun)狩时(shi)。此郑据依常(chang)者而言(yan)。征伐(fa)外亦(yi)有(you)听朝法,以非常(chang)法,故不言(yan)也。

凡(fan)邦之(zhi)小治,则冢宰听之(zhi)。待(dai)四方之(zhi)宾(bin)客之(zhi)小治。(大事决於王,小事冢宰专平。)

[疏]“凡邦”至“听之”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):重出(chu)冢(zhong)宰之(zhi)名者(zhe),据(ju)百官总焉(yan),故(gu)特云冢(zhong)宰也(ye)。

岁(sui)终,则令百官府各正其治,受其会,(正,正处也(ye)。会,大(da)计也(ye)。)

[疏]注“正正”至“计也”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):言“正,正处也”者,经云(yun)令百官府各(ge)正其(qi)治(zhi),谓正处其(qi)所(suo)治(zhi)文书,大宰乃(nai)受其(qi)计(ji)(ji)会也。云(yun)“会,大计(ji)(ji)”者,一岁计(ji)(ji)会,即《宰夫职》云(yun)“岁计(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)会”是(shi)也。

听其(qi)致事,而(er)诏王废置(zhi)。(平(ping)其(qi)事来至者(zhe)之(zhi)功状,而(er)奏白王。)

[疏]“听其”至“废置”
  ○释曰:百官致其治(zhi)政功(gong)状与(yu)冢宰,听断其所置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)状文(wen)书,而诏(zhao)告(gao)于王。有功(gong)者置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),进其爵;有罪(zui)者废之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),退其爵也(ye)。

三岁(sui),则大(da)计群吏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,而(er)诛赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(事久则听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):大(da)无功(gong),不(bu)徒(tu)废,必(bi)罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);大(da)有功(gong),不(bu)徒(tu)置,必(bi)赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)司农云:“三载考绩(ji)。”)

[疏]“三岁”至“赏之”
  ○释曰:三年一闰,天道小成,则大计会百官群吏之治功文书。上计当年,已有废置。今三年上大计,大无功,不徒废,更加罪;大有功,不徒置,更加赏也。
  ○注“郑司”至“考绩”
  ○释曰:此(ci)《尚书·舜(shun)典(dian)》文。彼(bi)云“三载考绩,黜陟幽明”。彼(bi)三年(nian)一考,与此(ci)同,故引证(zheng)三岁大计也。

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