卷四(si)十(shi)六(liu) 祭法第二十(shi)三(san)
陆曰：“郑云(yun)：‘以(yi)(yi)其记有虞氏(shi)至周(zhou)天子以(yi)(yi)下所制祀群(qun)神之数(shu)也(ye)。’”
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰：案郑《目录(lu)》云：“名(ming)曰《祭法(fa)》者，以其记有虞氏(shi)至(zhi)周天子(zi)以下所制祀群神之数，此於(wu)《别(bie)录(lu)》属(shu)《祭祀》。”
祭法：有虞氏禘黄帝而郊喾，祖颛顼而宗尧。夏后氏亦禘黄帝而郊鲧，祖颛顼而宗禹。殷人禘喾而郊冥，祖契而宗汤。周人禘喾而郊稷，祖文王而宗武王。禘、郊、祖、宗，谓祭祀以配食也。此禘，谓祭昊天於圜丘也。祭上帝於南郊，曰郊。祭五帝、五神於明堂，曰祖、宗，祖、宗通言尔。下有禘、郊、祖宗。《孝经》曰：“宗祀文王於明堂，以配上帝。”《明堂月令》：“春曰其帝大昊，其神句芒。夏曰其帝炎帝，其神祝融。中央曰其帝黄帝，其神后土。秋曰其帝少昊，其神蓐收。冬曰其帝颛顼，其神玄冥。”有虞氏以上尚德，禘、郊、祖、宗，配用有德者而已。自夏已下，稍用其姓代之，先后之次，有虞氏、夏后氏宜郊颛顼，殷人宜郊契。郊祭一帝，而明堂祭五帝，小德配寡，大德配众，亦礼之杀也。
○禘，大(da)(da)计反(fan)(fan)。喾，口毒反(fan)(fan)。颛音(yin)(yin)专(zhuan)。顼(xu)，许(xu)玉反(fan)(fan)。鲧，本又作<骨系>，古(gu)本反(fan)(fan)，篇末皆同(tong)。冥，莫经(jing)反(fan)(fan)。契，息列反(fan)(fan)，下同(tong)。圜(yuan)音(yin)(yin)圆(yuan)。大(da)(da)昊(hao)音(yin)(yin)泰，下“大(da)(da)庙”、“大(da)(da)祖(zu)”、“大(da)(da)昊(hao)”同(tong)。昊(hao)，亦作皞，胡老反(fan)(fan)，下放此。句(ju)，古(gu)侯反(fan)(fan)。芒音(yin)(yin)亡。夏(xia)，户嫁(jia)反(fan)(fan)，后“夏(xia)曰”皆同(tong)。少，诗召反(fan)(fan)，下放此。蓐音(yin)(yin)辱，本亦作辱。以上，时掌(zhang)反(fan)(fan)，下“上去”、“以上”同(tong)。杀，色界反(fan)(fan)，徐所(suo)例反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“祭法”至“武王”。
○正义曰：此一经论有虞氏以下四代禘、郊、祖、宗所配之人。“有虞氏禘黄帝”者，谓虞氏冬至祭昊天上帝於圜丘，大禘之时，以黄帝配祭。
○“而郊喾”者，谓夏正建寅之月，祭感生之帝於南郊，以喾配也。
○“祖颛顼而宗尧”者，谓祭五天帝、五人帝及五人神於明堂，以颛顼及尧配之，故云“祖颛顼而宗尧”。祖，始也，言为道德之初始，故云“祖”也。宗，尊也，以有德可尊，故云“宗”。其夏后氏以下禘、郊、祖、宗，其义亦然，但所配之人当代各别。虞氏云“有”者，以虞字文单，故以有字配之，无义例也。夏云后氏者，后，君也，受位於君，故称后。殷周称人，以人所归往，故称人。此并熊氏之说也。
○注“禘郊”至“杀也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，但经(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)称(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)一(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)各殊。《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自(zi)(zi)(zi)既灌”，及(ji)《春秋(qiu)》“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于大(da)(da)(da)(da)庙”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧服小记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，及(ji)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)，不(bu)(bu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)(wen)既多，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)”。必知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)前(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，唯(wei)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)耳(er)。但《尔(er)雅·释天(tian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比馀处为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，总(zong)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。案(an)《圣证论》：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故(gu)《小记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”依《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)本纪》黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)九世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)，昌(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)生(sheng)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。肃(su)又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)功(gong)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)德(de)(de)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙不(bu)(bu)毁。肃(su)又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)即(ji)(ji)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)，故(gu)肃(su)难郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“案(an)《易》‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)乎震’，‘震，东方’，生(sheng)万(wan)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，故(gu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。初以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)下(xia)，非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙，各改(gai)号代(dai)变(bian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)焉。何大(da)(da)(da)(da)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)乎？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感(gan)(gan)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，唯(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耳(er)’。《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》何得(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)报天(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)主日’？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)唯(wei)一(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已，何得(de)(de)有(you)六？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《家语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘季康子(zi)(zi)问五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：天(tian)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)，木(mu)、火、金、水(shui)及(ji)土，四(si)(si)(si)(si)分时(shi)化育以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)万(wan)物。其(qi)(qi)(qi)神谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)’。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，犹(you)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)辅王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，三公(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)辅，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)佐(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)天(tian)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灵威(wei)仰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)最为(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)礼(li)，周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)立后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷庙，不(bu)(bu)立喾(ku)庙，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尊(zun)(zun)喾(ku)不(bu)(bu)若(ruo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷。及(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾(ku)配(pei)(pei)至重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)，何轻重颠倒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失？所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)，圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)则(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，犹(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)与京师，异(yi)(yi)名而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同处。”又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)、孔(kong)晁云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、夏(xia)出(chu)(chu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，殷(yin)、周(zhou)(zhou)出(chu)(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)，《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》四(si)(si)(si)(si)代(dai)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，上(shang)下(xia)相证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘天(tian)命(ming)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鸟’，‘履(lv)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)敏歆’，自(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)义(yi)，非(fei)谶纬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖说。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)难，大(da)(da)(da)(da)略如此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郑(zheng)必为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)释者(zhe)，马昭(zhao)申郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)文(wen)(wen)(wen)自(zi)(zi)(zi)了，不(bu)(bu)待师说。则(ze)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)，非(fei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)谁？《河图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘姜原履(lv)大(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹生(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷，大(da)(da)(da)(da)姒梦大(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)死而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)’，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《中候》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘姬昌(chang)(chang)(chang)，苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)’，经(jing)、纬所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)说明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)’，则(ze)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)配(pei)(pei)苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灵威(wei)仰。汉(han)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)魏(wei)(wei)据此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)各配(pei)(pei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)。《易》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)乎震。’自(zi)(zi)(zi)论八(ba)(ba)卦养万(wan)物於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)，不(bu)(bu)据感(gan)(gan)生(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)张融(rong)评(ping)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“若(ruo)依《大(da)(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)》及(ji)《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)》，稷、契及(ji)尧(yao)(yao)俱帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，尧(yao)(yao)有(you)贤弟七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)须舜(shun)(shun)(shun)举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)矣。汉(han)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，尧(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)刘媪感(gan)(gan)赤龙而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，薄(bo)姬亦(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，汉(han)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尧(yao)(yao)夙而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)火德(de)(de)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)魏(wei)(wei)绍虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，同符土行(xing)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)删《书》，求史(shi)记(ji)(ji)，得(de)(de)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书。若(ruo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当身相传(chuan)(chuan)，何得(de)(de)有(you)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁(kui)？”融(rong)据经(jing)典三代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)孙相续次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)则(ze)稽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汤武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)革(ge)命(ming)不(bu)(bu)改(gai)稷、契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，二(er)则(ze)验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)魏(wei)(wei)与汉(han)袭唐虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)火土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，三则(ze)符之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尧(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)汤武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)无同宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)则(ze)验以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魁(kui)继黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)马昭(zhao)、张融(rong)等申义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但张融(rong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)即(ji)(ji)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，引董(dong)仲舒、刘向、马融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)，则(ze)《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，与王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)同，非(fei)郑(zheng)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《春秋(qiu)命(ming)历序》：“炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)号曰(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)庭(ting)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，传(chuan)(chuan)八(ba)(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，合(he)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)岁(sui)(sui)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轩(xuan)辕，传(chuan)(chuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，二(er)千五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)岁(sui)(sui)。次(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)宣，曰(yue)(yue)少昊(hao)，一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)金天(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)穷(qiong)桑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)八(ba)(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)岁(sui)(sui)。次(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，则(ze)高(gao)(gao)阳氏(shi)(shi)(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，三百(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)岁(sui)(sui)。次(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)，即(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)辛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，传(chuan)(chuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)岁(sui)(sui)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)据也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)》“少典产(chan)(chan)(chan)轩(xuan)辕，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)；产(chan)(chan)(chan)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)嚣(xiao)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)嚣(xiao)产(chan)(chan)(chan)乔极(ji)，乔极(ji)产(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)辛，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)；帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)产(chan)(chan)(chan)放勋，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)，昌(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)产(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)阳，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)；产(chan)(chan)(chan)穷(qiong)蝉，穷(qiong)蝉产(chan)(chan)(chan)敬(jing)康，敬(jing)康产(chan)(chan)(chan)句芒，句芒产(chan)(chan)(chan)蟜(jiao)牛(niu)，蟜(jiao)牛(niu)产(chan)(chan)(chan)瞽(gu)叟，瞽(gu)叟产(chan)(chan)(chan)重华，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)；及(ji)产(chan)(chan)(chan)象敖。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)产(chan)(chan)(chan)鲧(gun)，鲧(gun)产(chan)(chan)(chan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)命(ming)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)禹”。司马迁为(wei)(wei)(wei)《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)》依而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焉，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)郑(zheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)取(qu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)，曰(yue)(yue)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)通言(yan)(yan)尔(er)”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)月令》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春曰(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)皞，其(qi)(qi)(qi)神句芒”。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)神，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《月令》“季秋(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，故(gu)知(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祀(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，故(gu)知(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祀(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)知(zhi)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)通言(yan)(yan)尔(er)”。《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春曰(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)皞，其(qi)(qi)(qi)神句芒。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灵威(wei)仰，大(da)(da)(da)(da)皞食(shi)焉。句芒祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庭(ting)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)食(shi)焉，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)。汉(han)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)礼(li)散亡(wang)，《戴(dai)礼(li)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)残缺，不(bu)(bu)审周(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何月也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《月令》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)季秋(qiu)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)，上(shang)或解云(yun)(yun)(yun)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)，屈天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)就五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神在(zai)(zai)(zai)庭(ting)，非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)上(shang)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)感(gan)(gan)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，特尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)《典瑞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦(yi)(yi)犹(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。殊言(yan)(yan)天(tian)者(zhe)，尊(zun)(zun)异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)尚德(de)(de)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)德(de)(de)者(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)非(fei)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尚德(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)已下(xia)，稍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)姓代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鲧(gun)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)姓代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但不(bu)(bu)尽用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)己姓，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)稍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)，有(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、夏(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，殷(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)宜(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)契”者(zhe)，今有(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)喾(ku)”，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”；夏(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)鲧(gun)”，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”；殷(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥”，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)契”：是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)者(zhe)居后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)居前(qian)(qian)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宜(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，小德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)寡，大(da)(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)众，亦(yi)(yi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)虽(sui)尊(zun)(zun)，但祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾(ku)与鲧(gun)及(ji)冥、后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)如所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“小德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)寡”。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)虽(sui)卑於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，总(zong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颛(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)顼(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、契、汤、文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)优之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)众，礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。
燔柴於泰坛，祭天也。瘗埋於泰折，祭地也。用骍犊。坛、折，封土为祭处也。坛之言坦也。坦，明貌也。折，炤晢也。必为炤明之名，尊神也。地，阴祀，用黝牲，与天俱用犊，连言尔。
○燔音(yin)烦，《尔雅(ya)》云(yun)“祭(ji)天(tian)曰燔柴”。坛，大(da)丹反(fan)(fan)(fan)，下同(tong)。瘗，於滞反(fan)(fan)(fan)。埋(mai)，武皆反(fan)(fan)(fan)，《尔雅(ya)》云(yun)“祭(ji)地曰瘗埋(mai)”。折，之(zhi)设(she)(she)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同(tong)；旧音(yin)逝，又音(yin)制。骍，私营反(fan)(fan)(fan)，《字林》云(yun)“火营反(fan)(fan)(fan)”。处，昌虑反(fan)(fan)(fan)。坦，吐但反(fan)(fan)(fan)。炤(zhao)，本又作昭(zhao)，同(tong)章遥反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又之(zhi)召反(fan)(fan)(fan)。晢，之(zhi)设(she)(she)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，一(yi)音(yin)制。黝，於纠反(fan)(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“燔柴”至“骍犊”。
○正义曰：此经论祭感生之帝於南郊、神州地祗於北郊也。
○“燔柴於泰坛”者，谓积薪於坛上，而取玉及牲置柴上燔之，使气达於天也。
○“用骍犊”，郑云“阴祀用黝牲，与天俱用犊，连言尔”，然宜用黑犊，今因言以骍犊祭天所用，而立其文祭地，承祭天之下，故连言用骍犊也。骍犊之义，已具《郊特牲》疏。
○“瘗埋於泰折，祭地也”者，谓瘗缯埋牲，祭神州地祗於北郊也。
○注“坛折”至“言尔”。
○正(zheng)义曰：案《礼器》云(yun)(yun)“至敬不坛(tan)”，此云(yun)(yun)“燔柴於(wu)泰坛(tan)”者，谓燔柴在(zai)坛(tan)，设馔在(zai)地，义亦(yi)具《礼器》及《郊特牲》疏(shu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“地，阴(yin)祀(si)，用(yong)(yong)黝(you)牲，与(yu)天俱(ju)用(yong)(yong)犊，连言尔(er)”者，案《牧(mu)人》云(yun)(yun)“阴(yin)祀(si)用(yong)(yong)黝(you)牲毛之(zhi)”，郑康成(cheng)注云(yun)(yun)：“阴(yin)祀(si)，祭地北郊及社(she)稷也(ye)(ye)。”又《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)“郊之(zhi)用(yong)(yong)犊，贵诚(cheng)也(ye)(ye)”。彼文虽主(zhu)南郊，其北郊与(yu)天相对(dui)，故知俱(ju)用(yong)(yong)犊也(ye)(ye)。
埋少牢於泰昭，祭时也。相近於坎、坛，祭寒暑也。王宫，祭日也。夜明，祭月也。幽宗，祭星也。雩宗，祭水旱也。四坎、坛，祭四方也。山林、川谷、丘陵能出云，为风雨，见怪物，皆曰神。有天下者祭百神。诸侯在其地则祭之，亡其地则不祭。昭，明也，亦谓坛也。时，四时也，亦谓阴阳之神也。埋之者，阴阳出入於地中也。凡此以下，皆祭用少牢。相近，当为“禳祈”，声之误也。禳，犹卻也。祈，求也。寒暑不时，则或禳之，或祈之。寒於坎，暑於坛。王宫，日坛。王，君也，日称君。宫，坛，营域也。夜明，亦谓月坛也。宗，皆当为禜，字之误也。幽禜，亦谓星坛也，星以昏始见，禜之言营也。雩禜，亦谓水旱坛也。雩之言吁嗟也。《春秋传》曰：“日月星辰之神，则雪霜风雨之不时，於是乎禜之。山川之神，则水旱疠疫之不时，於是乎禜之。”四方，即谓山林、川谷、丘陵之神也。祭山林、丘陵於坛，川谷於坎，每方各为坎为坛。怪物，云气非常见者也。有天下，谓天子也。百者，假成数也。
○相近(jin)，依注(zhu)(zhu)读为禳(rang)，如羊反(fan)；下音巨依反(fan)，王肃(su)作“祖迎”也(ye)。坎，若感反(fan)。幽宗、雩(yu)宗，并依注(zhu)(zhu)读为禜，荣敬反(fan)。王如字。见，贤遍反(fan)，注(zhu)(zhu)同。亡(wang)，如字，无也(ye)，一音无。吁，许于(yu)反(fan)。疫音役。
[疏]“埋少”至“不祭”。
○正义曰：此一节总明四时以下诸神所祭之处，及明天子诸侯之礼不同之事也。
○“埋少牢於泰昭，祭时也”者，谓祭四时阴阳之神也。泰昭，坛名也。昭，亦取明也，春夏为阳，秋冬为阴，若祈阴则埋牲，祈阳则不应埋之。今总云“埋”者，以阴阳之气俱出入於地中而生万物，故并埋之，以享阴阳为义也。用少牢者，降於天地也。自此以下及日月至山林，并少牢也，先儒并云不荐熟，唯杀牲埋之也。
○“相近於坎、坛，祭寒暑也”者，相近，当为禳祈，禳，卻也。寒暑之气应退而不退，则祭禳卻之，令退也。祈，求也。寒暑之气应至而不至，则祭求之，令至也。寒则於坎，寒阴也，暑则於坛，暑阳也。
○“王宫，祭日也”者，王，君也；宫，亦坛也，营域如宫也。日神尊，故其坛曰君宫也。
○“夜明，祭月也”者，夜明者，祭月坛名也。月明於夜，故谓其坛为夜明也。
○“幽宗，祭星也”者，祭星坛名也。幽，闇也。宗，当为禜，禜，坛域也。星至夜而出，故曰“幽”也。为营域而祭之，故曰“幽禜”也。
○“雩宗，祭水旱也”者，亦坛名也。雩，吁嗟也，水旱为人所吁嗟。禜，亦营域也，为营域而祭之，故曰“雩禜”也。
○“四坎、坛，祭四方也”者，谓山林、川谷、丘陵之神有益於人民者也。四方各为一坎一坛，坛以祭山林、丘陵，坎以祭川谷、泉泽，故言“坎、坛，祭四方也”。
○“山林、川谷、丘陵能出云，为风雨，见怪物，皆曰神”者，此明四坎、坛所祭之神也。怪物，庆云之属也。风雨云露并益於人，故皆曰神，而得祭也。
○“有天下者祭百神”者，有天下，谓天子也。祭百神者，即谓山林川谷，在天下而益民者也。天子祭天地四方，言“百神”，举全数也。
○“诸侯在其地则祭之”者，诸侯不得祭天地，若山林、川泽在其封内而益民者，则得祭之，如鲁之泰山、晋之河、楚之江汉是也。
○“亡其地则不祭”者，亡，无也。谓其境内地无此山川之等，则不得祭也。
○注“昭明”至“数也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰：“时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，亦(yi)谓阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)阳(yang)神(shen)(shen)，地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)神(shen)(shen)。春(chun)(chun)夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)，秋冬(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)谓阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)”。言(yan)“亦(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《周礼(li)·大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》备列诸祀(si)(si)，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寒(han)(han)暑、水(shui)旱(han)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》所(suo)谓依(yi)《周礼(li)》常(chang)(chang)祀(si)(si)，岁时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恒祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经所(suo)载，谓四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乖序，寒(han)(han)暑愆(qian)逆，水(shui)旱(han)失时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，须(xu)有祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，非(fei)(fei)关(guan)正(zheng)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)列於(wu)(wu)《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)康成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，谓此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸神(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)康成六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)神(shen)(shen)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓春(chun)(chun)、夏、秋、冬(dong)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)害，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒(han)(han)暑”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或寒(han)(han)暑大(da)(da)甚，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；或寒(han)(han)暑顿无，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)旱(han)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，水(shui)甚祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)，旱(han)甚祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)旱(han)，谓祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。若(ruo)王肃及(ji)(ji)先儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)礼(li)，《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)，文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)(fei)郑(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)，今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)。云(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，皆祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)少牢”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)埋少牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文在诸祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)少牢”。案(an)《小(xiao)司(si)徒》“小(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)，奉(feng)牛牲(sheng)(sheng)”，则王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)无不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牛。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)少牢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有寒(han)(han)暑水(shui)旱(han)，非(fei)(fei)岁时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)祀(si)(si)，是(shi)祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)读(du)(du)相(xiang)近为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禳祈(qi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)祈(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祈(qi)，读(du)(du)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然案(an)庄四(si)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾，有币无牲(sheng)(sheng)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)祈(qi)得用(yong)(yong)(yong)少牢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，示以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒惧。人(ren)君初有水(shui)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾，先须(xu)修德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)灾有币无牲(sheng)(sheng)；若(ruo)水(shui)旱(han)历时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，祷(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止，则当(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗·云(yun)(yun)汉》云(yun)(yun)“靡爱斯牲(sheng)(sheng)”，又(you)郑(zheng)(zheng)注《大(da)(da)祝》云(yun)(yun)“类(lei)、造、禬、禜(yong)(yong)(yong)，皆有牲(sheng)(sheng)，攻、说(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币而(er)(er)已”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)说(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾，又(you)暂时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)何休(xiu)《膏肓》引(yin)《感精符》云(yun)(yun)“立推度以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)阳(yang)，日(ri)(ri)食(shi)则鼓(gu)(gu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社，朱丝营(ying)(ying)社，鸣鼓(gu)(gu)胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，《左氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)，明(ming)《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)非(fei)(fei)夫子《春(chun)(chun)秋》，於(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)《左氏(shi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)短。郑(zheng)(zheng)箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：“用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)(yong)《春(chun)(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)例，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谶说(shuo)(shuo)正(zheng)阳(yang)、朱丝、鸣鼓(gu)(gu)，岂说(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谶用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)经宛句耳。”如(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)，是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)社，非(fei)(fei)，当(dang)从《左氏(shi)》义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)皆当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经云(yun)(yun)“幽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”、“雩宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，义(yi)(yi)无所(suo)取(qu)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)字(zi)与禜(yong)(yong)(yong)字(zi)相(xiang)近，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)并(bing)读(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“禜(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)营(ying)(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)庄二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝营(ying)(ying)社，或曰胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，或曰为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)闇，恐人(ren)犯(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)营(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)有营(ying)(ying)义(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)读(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)。云(yun)(yun)“雩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)吁(yu)嗟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《考异邮》云(yun)(yun)“雩呼吁(yu)嗟哭位(wei)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)雩为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吁(yu)嗟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《春(chun)(chun)秋传(chuan)(chuan)》曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，昭元年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)(chuan)》文。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晋侯(hou)有疾(ji)，卜实(shi)沈台骀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)崇，子产以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)对晋侯(hou)，言(yan)晋侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)非(fei)(fei)由(you)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)星辰(chen)及(ji)(ji)山川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证经中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禜(yong)(yong)(yong)，禜(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)除去凶灾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“百(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，假(jia)(jia)成数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，计天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)山川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、丘(qiu)陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)，非(fei)(fei)但百(bai)数而(er)(er)已，假(jia)(jia)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)成数而(er)(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)《圣证论(lun)》王肃“六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)《家语》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，寒(han)(han)暑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，星也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，水(shui)旱(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”。孔注《尚(shang)书(shu)》亦(yi)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。伏生(sheng)与马(ma)融以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、地(di)、四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。刘歆、孔晁(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾坤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子六(liu)(liu)(liu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。贾逵云(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三，日(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)、星也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。地(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三，河、海(hai)、岱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《异义(yi)(yi)》：“今《尚(shang)书(shu)》欧阳(yang)夏侯(hou)说(shuo)(shuo)：六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)：上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)地(di)，旁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)四(si)方、中(zhong)央，恍(huang)惚助阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)变化，有益於(wu)(wu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古《尚(shang)书(shu)》说(shuo)(shuo)：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)日(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)、北辰(chen)，地(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)岱、河、海(hai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，北辰(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)星宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，河为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，海(hai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，岱为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”许君谨(jin)案(an)：“与古《尚(shang)书(shu)》同。”郑(zheng)(zheng)駮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)：“《书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)‘类(lei)于上(shang)(shang)帝，禋(yin)(yin)于六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，望(wang)(wang)于山川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)’，既(ji)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)云(yun)(yun)禋(yin)(yin)，山川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)望(wang)(wang)，则六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)无山川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)矣。《太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)：‘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禋(yin)(yin)祀(si)(si)祀(si)(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)帝，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)柴祀(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)星辰(chen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)槱燎祀(si)(si)司(si)中(zhong)、司(si)命、风师、雨(yu)师。凡(fan)(fan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，皆天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’《郊特牲(sheng)(sheng)》曰：‘郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)报天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)主日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’又(you)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)义(yi)(yi)》曰：‘郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，大(da)(da)报天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)主日(ri)(ri)，配以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。’则郊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)并(bing)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)可(ke)知。其(qi)(qi)馀星也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、辰(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、司(si)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、司(si)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、风师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、雨(yu)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓‘六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)’亦(yi)明(ming)矣。”如(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)称(cheng)禋(yin)(yin)，则天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在郊祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，又(you)类(lei)于上(shang)(shang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)馀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《礼(li)论(lun)》六(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，司(si)马(ma)彪等各为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异说(shuo)(shuo)，既(ji)非(fei)(fei)郑(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)，今略(lve)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)论(lun)。
大凡生於天地之间者皆曰命，其万物死皆曰折，人死曰鬼，此五代之所不变也。生时形体异，可同名。至死，腐为野士，异其名，嫌同也。折，弃败之言也。鬼之言归也。五代，谓黄帝、尧、舜、禹、汤，周之礼乐所存法也。
○大如字，徐音泰。腐音辅。七代之所更立者，禘、郊、宗、祖，其馀不变也。七代通数颛顼及喾也。所不变者，则数其所法而已。变之则通数所不法，为记者之微意也。少昊氏修黄帝之法，后王无所取焉。
○更，古行反(fan)。数(shu)，色主反(fan)，下同。
[疏]“大凡”至“变也”。
○正义曰：此一节论人死与万物不同，及五代七代变与不变之，义各依文解之。
○“大凡生於天地之间者皆曰命”者，总包万物，故曰“大凡”。皆受天之赋命而生，故云“皆曰命”也。
○“其万物死皆曰折，人死曰鬼”者，万物无知，死者皆曰折。人为有识，故死曰鬼。
○“此五代之所不变也”者，言此之名号从黄帝正名百物以来，至尧舜禹汤及周所不变更也。
○“七代之所更立者，禘、郊、宗、祖”者，前论五代不变，此论七代更变者，故曰黄帝以下七代之所变易而立者，是禘之与郊及宗、祖也。
○“其馀不变也”者，除此禘、郊、宗、祖之外，其馀社稷、山川、五祀之等不改变也。上先祖后宗，此先宗后祖，故郑上注云“祖、宗通言尔”，又引此以证之。
○注“生时”至“法也”。
○正义曰：云“生时形体异，可同名”者，以生时形体既异，不嫌是同，故可名为命。云“至死腐为野土，异其名，嫌同也”者，人与万物死，至同为野士，嫌恐人与万物是同，故殊异其名，谓“万物死者曰折，人死曰鬼”，嫌其同故也。云“五代谓黄帝、尧、舜、禹、汤，周之礼乐所存法也”者，周有六乐，去周言之，唯五代。周备其乐，是周之礼乐所存法也。
○注“七代”至“取焉”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：知(zhi)“通数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼及喾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)上云(yun)禘(di)、郊(jiao)、祖(zu)、宗有(you)颛(zhuan)顼及喾，又《易(yi)(yi)纬(wei)(wei)》及《乐(le)纬(wei)(wei)》有(you)五(wu)(wu)茎六英，是颛(zhuan)顼及喾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼及喾也。云(yun)“所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)数(shu)其(qi)所(suo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)则(ze)上经(jing)是也。数(shu)所(suo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)则(ze)上经(jing)五(wu)(wu)代是也。论(lun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，必数(shu)所(suo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)五(wu)(wu)代以(yi)来不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)，至(zhi)周(zhou)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)而(er)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，数(shu)所(suo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)五(wu)(wu)代而(er)已。云(yun)“变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)通数(shu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)前七代变(bian)易(yi)(yi)更(geng)立(li)，至(zhi)周(zhou)亦(yi)变(bian)易(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)象(xiang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)数(shu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)通数(shu)颛(zhuan)顼、帝(di)喾所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为“七代”也。云(yun)“为记(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微意(yi)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为，作也。作记(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)此微意(yi)也，所(suo)以(yi)微意(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓作记(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)数(shu)前代不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)；周(zhou)所(suo)变(bian)，亦(yi)数(shu)前代变(bian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)指斥而(er)言，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)微意(yi)。云(yun)“少(shao)昊(hao)(hao)氏(shi)(shi)脩黄(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，后王无所(suo)取焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)《易(yi)(yi)纬(wei)(wei)》有(you)黄(huang)帝(di)及颛(zhuan)顼以(yi)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，无少(shao)昊(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。又《易(yi)(yi)·系辞》云(yun)：“神农(nong)氏(shi)(shi)没，黄(huang)帝(di)、尧(yao)、舜(shun)氏(shi)(shi)作。”皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)少(shao)昊(hao)(hao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)无取焉。《月(yue)令》“秋其(qi)帝(di)少(shao)昊(hao)(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，直以(yi)五(wu)(wu)行在金(jin)，唯托记(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。皇氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)：“其(qi)馀不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯谓生(sheng)曰(yue)命，万物死(si)曰(yue)折(zhe)，人(ren)死(si)曰(yue)鬼。”若如皇说，前经(jing)既(ji)云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)”，后经(jing)何(he)须重云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)”。后经(jing)既(ji)云(yun)“更(geng)立(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，禘(di)、郊(jiao)、宗、祖(zu)”，即云(yun)“其(qi)馀”，明此禘(di)、郊(jiao)、宗、祖(zu)外，其(qi)馀诸事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)立(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变(bian)也。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)独(du)据前三事(shi)以(yi)外总(zong)包之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)社稷神配祭，虽是更(geng)立(li)，非当(dang)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲，而(er)禘(di)、郊(jiao)改易(yi)(yi)也。
天下有王，分地建国，置都立邑，设庙、祧、坛、墠而祭之，乃为亲疏多少之数。是故王立七庙，一坛一墠，曰考庙，曰王考庙，曰皇考庙，曰显考庙，曰祖考庙，皆月祭之。远庙为祧，有二祧，享尝乃止。去祧为坛，去坛为墠，坛、墠有祷焉，祭之；无祷，乃止。去墠曰鬼。诸侯立五庙，一坛一墠，曰考庙，曰王考庙，曰皇考庙，皆月祭之。显考庙，祖考庙，享尝乃止。去祖为坛，去坛为墠，坛、墠有祷焉，祭之；无祷，乃止。去墠为鬼。大夫立三庙二坛，曰考庙，曰王考庙，曰皇考庙，享尝乃止。显考、祖考无庙，有祷焉，为坛祭之。去坛为鬼。適士二庙一坛，曰考庙，曰王考庙，享尝乃止。显考无庙，有祷焉，为坛祭之。去坛为鬼。官师一庙，曰考庙，王考无庙而祭之，去王考为鬼。庶士、庶人无庙，死曰鬼。建国，封诸侯也。置都立邑，为卿大夫之采地及赐士有功者之地。庙之言貌也，宗庙者，先祖之尊貌也。祧之言超也，超上去意也。封土曰坛，除地曰墠。《书》曰：“三坛同墠。”王、皇，皆君也。显，明也。祖，始也。名先人以君明始者，所以尊本之意也。天子迁庙之主，以昭穆合藏於二祧之中。诸侯无祧，藏於祖考之庙中。《聘礼》曰“不腆先君之祧”，是谓始祖庙也。享尝，谓时之祭，天子、诸侯为坛、墠，所祷谓后迁在祧者也。既事则反其主於祧，鬼亦在祧，顾远之於无事，祫乃祭之尔。《春秋》文二年秋“大事於大庙”，传曰“毁庙之主，陈于大祖，未毁庙之主，皆升合食於大祖”是也。鲁踄公者，伯禽之子也，至昭公、定公，久已为鬼，而季氏祷之，而立其宫，则鬼之主在祧明矣。唯天子、诸侯有主禘、祫，大夫有祖考者，亦鬼其百世，不禘、祫无王尔。其无祖考者，庶士以下鬼其考、王考，官师鬼其皇考，大夫、適士鬼其显考而已。大夫祖考，谓别子也。凡鬼者，荐而不祭。《王制》曰：“大夫、士有田则祭，无田则荐。”適士，上士也。官师，中士、下士。庶士，府史之属。此適士云“显考无庙”，非也。当为“皇考”，字之误。
○庙，本(ben)亦作(zuo)庿，古字(zi)。墠音善。祷(dao)，丁(ding)老(lao)反(fan)，一音丁(ding)报反(fan)。適(shi)，丁(ding)历反(fan)，篇(pian)内同。显考无庙，显音皇(huang)，出(chu)注。采，七代(dai)反(fan)。昭，上遥反(fan)。腆，他典反(fan)。祫音洽。踄，馀(yu)让反(fan)，徐(xu)音伤。
[疏]“天下”至“曰鬼”。
○正义曰：此一经明天子以下尊卑既异，上祭祖庙多少不同之事。“天下有王”者，谓上天之下，有天子之王。
○“分地建国”者，此既王天下，分九州之地，建立诸侯之国。
○“置都立邑”者，天子王畿之内及诸侯国中，置此公卿之都，立大夫、士之邑也。
○“设庙、祧、坛、墠而祭之，乃为亲疏多少之数”者，则以下所云是也。
○“王立七庙”者，亲四，始祖一，文、武不迁，合为七庙也。“一坛一墠”者，七庙之外，又立坛、墠各一也。起土为坛，除地曰墠。近者起土，远亲除地，示将去然也。
○“曰考庙”者，父庙曰考，考，成也。谓父有成德之美也。
○“曰王考庙”者，祖庙也。王，君也。君考者，言祖有君成之德也，祖尊於父，故加君名也。
○“曰皇考庙”者，曾祖也。皇，大也，君也。曾祖转尊，又加大君之称也。
○“曰显考庙”者，高祖也。显，明高祖居四庙最上，故以高祖目之。
○“曰祖考庙”者，祖，始也。此庙为王家之始，故云“祖考”也。计则祖考之庙当在二祧、坛、墠之上，应合在后始陈，今在此言之者，因皇考、显考同皆月祭之，故此先言之。
○“皆月祭之”者，此之五庙则并同，日月祭之也。
○“远庙为祧”者，远庙谓文、武庙也。文、武庙在应迁之例，故云“远庙”也。特为功德而留，故谓为祧，祧之言超也，言其超然上去也。
○“有二祧”者，有文、武二庙不迁，故云“有二祧”焉。
○“享尝乃止”者，享尝，四时祭祀，文、武特留，故不得月祭，但四时祭而巳。
○“去祧为坛”者，谓高祖之父也。若是昭行，寄藏武王祧。若是穆行，即寄藏文王祧，不得四时而祭之。若有四时之祈祷，则出就坛受祭也。
○“去坛为墠”者，谓高祖之祖也，不得在坛。若有祈祷则出就墠受祭也。高祖之父，既初寄在祧，而不得於祧中受祭，故曰“去祧”也。高祖之祖，经在坛而今不得祭，故云“去坛”也。坛、墠有祷焉，祭之者在坛、墠者，不得享尝，应有祈祷於坛、墠乃祭之也。
○“无祷乃止”者，若无所祈祷，则不得祭也。
○“去墠曰鬼”者，若又有从坛迁来墠者，则此前在墠者，迁入石函为鬼。虽有祈祷，亦不得及，唯禘、祫乃出也。
○“诸侯立五庙，一坛一墠”者，降天子，故止有五庙。坛、墠与天子同。无功德之祖为二祧也。
○“曰考庙，曰王考庙，曰皇考庙，皆月祭之”者，天子月祭五，诸侯卑，故唯得月祭三也。
○“显考庙，祖考庙，享尝乃止”者，显考，高祖也；祖考，大祖也。大祖乃不迁，而与高祖并不得月祭，止预四时，又降天子也。
○“去祖为坛”者，去祖，谓去大祖也，即高祖之父，诸侯无功德二祧，若高祖之父亦迁，即寄大祖，而不得於大祖庙受时祭。唯有祈祷，则去大祖而往坛受祭也。
○“大夫立三庙二坛”者，大夫异於君，故立二坛，而不墠也。
○“显考、祖考无庙”者，以其卑，故高祖、大祖无庙也。
○“有祷焉，为坛祭之”者，大夫无主，故无所寄藏，而高、大二祖既又无庙，若应有祈祷，则为坛祭之。二坛之设，实为於此矣。然墠轻於坛，今二坛无墠者，为大祖虽无庙，犹重之故也。
○“去坛为鬼”者，谓高祖若迁去於坛，则为鬼，不复得祭，但荐之於大祖坛而已。若大夫有大祖之庙者，其义已具在《王制》疏。
○“適士二庙一坛”者，上士也。天子三等，诸侯上士，悉二庙一坛也。
○“显考无庙”者，显，当为皇。皇考，曾祖也。曾祖无庙也。
○“有祷焉，为坛祭之曾祖既无庙若有祈祷则为坛祭之一坛之设为於此也。亦无祷乃止。
○“去坛为鬼者”，谓曾祖若迁去於坛，则为鬼，不复祭也。
○“官师一庙”者，谓诸侯中士、下上也。谓为官师者，言为一官之长也。一庙，祖、祢共之，又无坛也。
○“曰考庙”者，为父立之也。
○“王考无庙而祭之”者，王考，祖也。虽无庙而犹获祭也。谓在考庙者。
○“去王考为鬼”者，谓曾祖则不得祭，又无坛。若有祈祷，则荐之於庙也。
○“庶士、庶人无庙”者，庶士，府史之属。庶人，平民也。贱，故无庙也。
○“死曰鬼”者，既无庙，故死则曰鬼。鬼亦得荐之於寝也。《王制》云“庶人祭於寝”是也。
○注“建国”至“之误”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：引“《书》曰(yue)(yue)三坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)同墠”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。案(an)(an)(an)《金縢》“武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)(you)疾，周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请命，为(wei)(wei)(wei)三坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)同墠，以(yi)(yi)告(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季、文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)三坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)、皇(huang)皆(jie)(jie)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。显，明(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)《尔雅·释诂》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)迁(qian)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，以(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)(zhao)穆合藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)二(er)(er)(er)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，昭(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数虽(sui)(sui)多，总(zong)合藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)中(zhong)。穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，总(zong)合藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)中(zhong)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注《周礼·守祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)》“先(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。先(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”。郑(zheng)必知(zhi)然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)文(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年八月(yue)(yue)丁(ding)卯“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”，《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，陈于(yu)(yu)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”。是(shi)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，祫(xia)乃陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)窋(zhu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)先(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)于(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可越文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)上(shang)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)曰(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)对例(li)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)散而(er)(er)(er)通论(lun)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)凡庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)曰(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)昭(zhao)(zhao)元年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)敢爱丰氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)”，彼祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，远(yuan)(yuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。襄(xiang)九年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)冠，必以(yi)(yi)先(xian)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”服虔注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)曰(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)鲁(lu)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)於(wu)时(shi)冠於(wu)卫(wei)(wei)成公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，成公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)卫(wei)(wei)今(jin)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，曰(yue)(yue)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“享尝(chang)，谓(wei)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，秋(qiu)(qiu)尝(chang)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备(bei)具，故(gu)(gu)(gu)持举享尝(chang)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此(ci)(ci)经(jing)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢(mi)月(yue)(yue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，《楚语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi)”，非(fei)郑(zheng)义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《异(yi)义》駮(bo)郑(zheng)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，顾远(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)，祫(xia)乃祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祈祷礼毕(bi)，乃藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。去墠为(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，亦如坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、墠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)俱(ju)在(zai)(zai)(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)特名鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，反顾以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疏远(yuan)(yuan)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)，唯祫(xia)乃祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)特曰(yue)(yue)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，祫(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)乃及。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)炀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自伯禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，至昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，久已(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，而(er)(er)(er)季氏祷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)立其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宫，则(ze)(ze)(ze)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)祧(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)明(ming)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)引更证(zheng)明(ming)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)恒在(zai)(zai)(zai)。《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元年立炀宫，依《世(shi)本》，炀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，伯禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元年始(shi)立炀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宫，于(yu)(yu)时(shi)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出、定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)未入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，季氏祷于(yu)(yu)炀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，明(ming)知(zhi)于(yu)(yu)炀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)(er)(er)祷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唯天子(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)侯(hou)有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)禘祫(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》天子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)有(you)(you)(you)禘祫(xia)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百世(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，一(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)(zhao)一(yi)(yi)穆，与大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)三”，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)即(ji)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，明(ming)应迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)币招(zhao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)焉(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百世(shi)”。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，只得立曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)与祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及父(fu)三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)百世(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)禘、祫(xia)无(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，虽(sui)(sui)有(you)(you)(you)百世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得禘祫(xia)无(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尔。案(an)(an)(an)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》卫(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)孔悝有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)《驳异(yi)义》从《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》说“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，许(xu)君(jun)谨案(an)(an)(an)“卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)昭(zhao)(zhao)穆，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孔悝祏主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)耳”。宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)，案(an)(an)(an)《异(yi)义》：“今(jin)《春秋(qiu)(qiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》说‘祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)系心，夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏以(yi)(yi)松，殷人(ren)以(yi)(yi)柏，周人(ren)以(yi)(yi)栗’。又(you)《周礼》说‘虞主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)桑，练主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)栗’，无(wu)(wu)(wu)夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏以(yi)(yi)松为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。许(xu)君(jun)谨案(an)(an)(an)：‘从《周礼》说’，《论(lun)语(yu)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘谓(wei)社主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”郑(zheng)氏无(wu)(wu)(wu)驳，从许(xu)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，案(an)(an)(an)《汉仪》：“高帝庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)九寸(cun)，前方(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)圆，围一(yi)(yi)尺。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)七(qi)寸(cun)。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年作僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)状正方(fang)，穿(chuan)中(zhong)央(yang)，达四方(fang)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)长一(yi)(yi)尺二(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)长一(yi)(yi)尺。”此(ci)(ci)是(shi)木(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)既(ji)明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，此(ci)(ci)明(ming)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)庶士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)及官师(shi)等，并適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)等，总(zong)举有(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)於(wu)前，历说无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)於(wu)下(xia)(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)、王(wang)(wang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)即(ji)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色。庶士(shi)(shi)(shi)及庶人(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)与於(wu)寝(qin)中(zhong)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“官师(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)又(you)是(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色，官师(shi)一(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢(mi)共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)於(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，而(er)(er)(er)荐皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)又(you)是(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色，適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)得立祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、祢(mi)二(er)(er)(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，又(you)立曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，唯高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。就曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，而(er)(er)(er)荐显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，诸(zhu)本或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)、適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，於(wu)义不(bu)(bu)(bu)合。庾氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，谓(wei)别(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，谓(wei)别(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”谓(wei)於(wu)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，别(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙立其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)。虽(sui)(sui)於(wu)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，非(fei)别(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，但立父(fu)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)经(jing)中(zhong)三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)夏、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，虽(sui)(sui)非(fei)别(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，但始(shi)爵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及异(yi)姓为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙皆(jie)(jie)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，此(ci)(ci)义已(yi)具於(wu)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荐而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)荐祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)与见庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)何异(yi)？若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)荐祀，何须(xu)存鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)？荐轻於(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)疏於(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)荐而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)’，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，適(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，是(shi)显考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
王为群姓立社，曰大社。王自为立社，曰王社。诸侯为百姓立社，曰国社。诸侯自为立社，曰侯社。大夫以下成群立社，曰置社。群，众也。大夫以下，谓下至庶人也。大夫不得特立社，与民族居。百家以上则共立一社，今时里社是也。《郊特牲》曰：“唯为社事单出里。”
○为，于伪反，下皆同。注(zhu)“为社(she)事”亦同。
[疏]“王为”至“置社”。
○正义曰：此一经明天子以下立社之义。
○“王为群姓立社，曰大社”者，群姓，谓百官以下及兆民，言群姓者，包百官也。大社在库门之内之右，故《小宗伯》云“右社稷”。
○“王自为立社，曰王社”者，其王社所在，《书传》无文，或云与大社同处，王社在大社之西。崔氏并云“王社在藉田，王自所祭，以供粢盛”。今从其说，故《诗·颂》云“春藉田而祈社稷”是也。其诸侯国社亦在公宫之右，侯社在藉田。
○“大夫以下成群立社，曰置社”者，大夫以下，谓包士、庶。成群聚而居，其群众满百家以上，得立社，为众特置，故曰“置社”。
○注“群众”至“出里”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：此(ci)云(yun)(yun)“大夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)”，谓(wei)下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)士庶(shu)人(ren)者(zhe)，谓(wei)大夫(fu)至(zhi)庶(shu)人(ren)等共在一(yi)处也。云(yun)(yun)“大夫(fu)不(bu)得(de)特(te)立(li)(li)社(she)(she)(she)，与民族居。百(bai)(bai)家(jia)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)则(ze)(ze)共立(li)(li)一(yi)社(she)(she)(she)，今时里社(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也”者(zhe)，大夫(fu)，北面之(zhi)臣，不(bu)得(de)自专土地，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)得(de)特(te)立(li)(li)社(she)(she)(she)，社(she)(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)为民，故(gu)(gu)与民居。百(bai)(bai)家(jia)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，则(ze)(ze)可以(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)社(she)(she)(she)。知百(bai)(bai)家(jia)者(zhe)，《诗·颂》云(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)室盈止，杀(sha)时犉牡”。故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)百(bai)(bai)家(jia)，言(yan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，皆(jie)不(bu)限(xian)多少(shao)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)《驳(bo)异义(yi)》引《州长职(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)“以(yi)(yi)岁时祭祀州社(she)(she)(she)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)千五(wu)百(bai)(bai)家(jia)为社(she)(she)(she)也。虽云(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)家(jia)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)”，唯治(zhi)民大夫(fu)乃得(de)立(li)(li)社(she)(she)(she)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)《驳(bo)异义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)“有国及治(zhi)民之(zhi)大夫(fu)，乃有社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。此(ci)大夫(fu)所(suo)主立(li)(li)社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)，则(ze)(ze)田(tian)主是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)《驳(bo)异义(yi)》引《大司徒职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“树之(zhi)田(tian)主，各(ge)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)野之(zhi)所(suo)宜木(mu)，遂(sui)以(yi)(yi)名其(qi)社(she)(she)(she)与其(qi)野”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“田(tian)主，田(tian)神，后土、田(tian)正之(zhi)所(suo)依(yi)也”。后土则(ze)(ze)社(she)(she)(she)神，田(tian)正则(ze)(ze)稷(ji)(ji)神。其(qi)义(yi)已具(ju)《郊(jiao)特(te)牲》疏。
王为群姓立七祀，曰司命，曰中霤，曰国门，曰国行，曰泰厉，曰户，曰灶。王自为立七祀。诸侯为国立五祀，曰司命，曰中霤，曰国门，曰国行，曰公厉。诸侯自为立五祀。大夫立三祀，曰族厉，曰门，曰行。適士立二祀，曰门，曰行。庶士、庶人立一祀，或立户，或立灶。此非大神所祈报大事者也，小神居人之间，司察小过，作谴告者尔。《乐记》曰：“明则有礼乐，幽则有鬼神。”鬼神谓此与？司命，主督察三命。中霤，主堂室居处。门、户，主出入。行，主道路行作。厉，主杀罚。灶，主饮食之事。《明堂月令》：“春曰其祀户，祭先脾。夏曰其祀灶，祭先肺。中央曰其祀中霤，祭先心。秋曰其祀门，祭先肝。冬曰其祀行，祭先肾。”《聘礼》曰使者出，“释币於行”；归，“释币於门”。《士丧礼》曰“疾病”，“祷於五祀”。司命与厉，其时不著。今时民家，或春秋祠司命、行神、山神，门、户、灶在旁，是必春祠司命，秋祠厉也。或者合而祠之。山即厉也，民恶言厉，巫祝以厉，山为之，缪乎！《春秋传》曰：“鬼有所归，乃不为厉。”
○霤，力又反。谴(qian)，弃战反。此(ci)与音馀。脾，婢支反。肺，芳废反。肝音干。肾，上(shang)忍反。使，色厉反。恶言，乌(wu)路反。缪(mou)音谬。
[疏]“王为”至“或立灶”。
○正义曰：此一经明天子以下立七祀、五祀之义。
○“曰司命”者，宫中小神。熊氏云：“非天之司命，故祭於宫中。”皇氏云“司命者，文昌宫星”，其义非也。
○“曰中霤”者，主堂室神。
○“曰国门”者，国门谓城门也。
○“曰国行”者，谓行神在国门外之西。
○“曰泰厉”者，谓古帝王无后者也。此鬼无所依归，好为民作祸，故祀之也。
○“王自为立七祀”者，前是为民所立，与众共之，四时常祀，及为群姓祷祀。其自为立者，王自祷祭，不知其当同是一神，为是别更立七祀也。
○“诸侯为国立五祀”者，减天子户、灶二祀，故为立五祀也。
○“曰公厉”者，谓古诸侯无后者，诸侯称公，其鬼为厉，故曰“公厉”。
○“诸侯自为立五祀”者，义与天子同。
○“大夫立三祀”者，减诸侯司命、中霤，故为祀也。
○“曰族厉”者，谓古大夫无后者鬼也。族，众也。大夫众多，其鬼无后者众，故言“族厉”。
○“曰门，曰行”者，其大夫无民、国，故不言“国门、国行”也。然郑注《曲礼》“大夫五祀，为夏、殷法”，注《王制》“大夫五祀，是有采地者”，郑何以知然？《曲礼》文连於“大夫五祀”，故知非周，而《王制》立七庙，故知是周礼。以彼推此，大夫三祀，则周诸侯之大夫无地者也。
○注“此非”至“为厉”。
○正义曰(yue)：“小(xiao)(xiao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)居人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)察(cha)小(xiao)(xiao)过(guo)，作谴(qian)告”者(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)(qi)(qi)非郊庙社稷大(da)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)(xiao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”。以其(qi)(qi)(qi)门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)居人(ren)间也(ye)。以小(xiao)(xiao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)所祈，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)察(cha)小(xiao)(xiao)过(guo)。作谴(qian)告，谓(wei)作谴(qian)责以告人(ren)。云(yun)(yun)“幽则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)与(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以礼：天神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、人(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)、地祗，皆(jie)列(lie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)。《乐(le)记》直云(yun)(yun)“幽则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”，是(shi)幽闇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处有(you)(you)细小(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)小(xiao)(xiao)祀(si)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)？与(yu)(yu)是(shi)疑(yi)辞也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，主督察(cha)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《援神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)契》云(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)三(san)科，有(you)(you)受命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以保庆，有(you)(you)遭命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以谪暴，有(you)(you)随(sui)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以督行(xing)(xing)。受命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)年寿(shou)也(ye)。遭命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)行(xing)(xing)善而(er)(er)遇凶也(ye)。随(sui)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)谓(wei)随(sui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)善恶(e)(e)而(er)(er)报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)“《聘礼》曰(yue)使者(zhe)(zhe)，出释币於行(xing)(xing)；归(gui)，释币於门”者(zhe)(zhe)，证大(da)夫(fu)有(you)(you)门、行(xing)(xing)。云(yun)(yun)“《士(shi)丧礼》曰(yue)疾(ji)病，祷於五(wu)祀(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)，证祀(si)亦有(you)(you)五(wu)祀(si)。云(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)不(bu)著”者(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀五(wu)祀(si)，《月令》所祀(si)，皆(jie)著其(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)，唯司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)祀(si)时(shi)(shi)不(bu)显著。云(yun)(yun)“今时(shi)(shi)民家(jia)(jia)，或(huo)(huo)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)在(zai)旁”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)以无(wu)(wu)文，故(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)今汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)民家(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)二(er)时(shi)(shi)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)。民或(huo)(huo)然，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“或(huo)(huo)”也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)祀(si)此(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)三(san)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)在(zai)诸(zhu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁，列(lie)位(wei)而(er)(er)祭(ji)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“是(shi)必春(chun)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，秋(qiu)(qiu)祠(ci)(ci)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)既春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)俱祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)周(zhou)时(shi)(shi)必应春(chun)祠(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)主长养，故(gu)(gu)(gu)祠(ci)(ci)在(zai)春(chun)。厉(li)(li)(li)(li)主杀害，故(gu)(gu)(gu)祠(ci)(ci)在(zai)秋(qiu)(qiu)。云(yun)(yun)“或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)而(er)(er)祠(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)又(you)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以见汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)合(he)(he)祭(ji)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)而(er)(er)祠(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)祭(ji)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、行(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、门、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等，此(ci)(ci)经亦有(you)(you)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、门、行(xing)(xing)、户(hu)(hu)、灶(zao)等，汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)，此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)“民恶(e)(e)言厉(li)(li)(li)(li)，巫祝以厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)解厉(li)(li)(li)(li)称(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)人(ren)民嫌恶(e)(e)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)，汉(han)(han)(han)时(shi)(shi)巫祝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，意以厉(li)(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。云(yun)(yun)“谬(miu)乎(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)巫祝以厉(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)，於理谬(miu)乎(hu)！所以为(wei)(wei)谬(miu)者(zhe)(zhe)，鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)后，於是(shi)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)。厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)有(you)(you)子(zi)曰(yue)柱，世祀(si)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，何(he)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鬼(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“谬(miu)”也(ye)。引(yin)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)传》者(zhe)(zhe)，昭七(qi)年《左传》文。於时(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)良霄被杀而(er)(er)死，其(qi)(qi)(qi)鬼(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)。子(zi)产立良霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)良止为(wei)(wei)后，子(zi)大(da)叔问其(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，子(zi)产曰(yue)“鬼(gui)(gui)有(you)(you)所归(gui)，乃不(bu)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)”。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，证厉(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)既有(you)(you)所归(gui)，不(bu)得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)(li)(li)。
王下祭殇五：適子、適孙、適曾孙、適玄孙、適来孙。诸侯下祭三，大夫下祭二，適士及庶人祭子而止。祭適殇者，重適也。祭適殇於庙之奥，谓之阴厌。王子、公子祭其適殇於其党之庙。大夫以下、庶子祭其適殇於宗子之家，皆当室之白，谓之阳厌。凡庶殇不祭。
○殇音伤。奥，乌报反。厌，於艳(yan)反。下同(tong)。
[疏]“王下”至“而止”。
○正义曰：此明天子以下祭殇之差也。
○注“王子、公子祭其適殇於其党之庙”。
○正义曰：王子(zi)(zi)(zi)，谓(wei)王之庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)；公子(zi)(zi)(zi)，谓(wei)诸侯庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，不得为先(xian)王先(xian)公立庙(miao)(miao)，无处可祭(ji)適(shi)殇(shang)，故祭(ji)於党之庙(miao)(miao)。谓(wei)王子(zi)(zi)(zi)、公子(zi)(zi)(zi)但为卿大夫，得自(zi)立庙(miao)(miao)，与王子(zi)(zi)(zi)、公子(zi)(zi)(zi)同者，就(jiu)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)而(er)祭(ji)之。適(shi)殇(shang)其(qi)义，已具《曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)问(wen)》。
夫圣王之制祭祀也，法施於民则祀之，以死勤事则祀之，以劳定国则祀之，能御大菑则祀之，能捍大患则祀之。是故厉山氏之有天下也，其子曰农，能殖百穀。夏之衰也，周弃继之，故祀以为稷。共工氏之霸九州也，其子曰后土，能平九州，故祀以为社。帝喾能序星辰以著众，尧能赏均刑法以义终，舜勤众事而野死，鲧鄣鸿水而殛死，禹能脩鲧之功，黄帝正名百物以明民共财，颛顼能脩之，契为司徒而民成，冥勤其官而水死，汤以宽治民而除其虐，文王以文治，武王以武功去民之菑，此皆有功烈於民者也；及夫日、月、星辰，民所瞻仰也，山林、川谷、丘陵，民所取财用也。非此族也，不在祀典。此所谓大神也，《春秋传》曰：“封为上公，祀为大神。”厉山氏，炎帝也，起於厉山，或曰“有烈山氏”。弃，后稷名也。共工氏无录而王，谓之霸，在大昊、炎帝之间。著众，谓使民兴事，知休作之期也。赏，赏善，谓禅舜，封禹、稷等也。能刑，谓去四凶。义终，谓既禅二十八载乃死也。野死，谓征有苗，死於苍梧也。殛死，谓不能成其功也。明民，谓使之衣服有章也。民成，谓知五教之礼也。冥，契六世之孙也，其官玄冥，水官也。虐、菑，谓桀、纣也。烈，业也。族，犹类也。祀典，谓祭祀也。
○御，鱼吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)。菑(zai)音哉，下同；下文或作(zuo)灾，注(zhu)作(zuo)烖，并同。扞，胡旦反(fan)(fan)(fan)。厉，力(li)世反(fan)(fan)(fan)，《左传》作(zuo)“列山”。共(gong)音恭，下及(ji)注(zhu)同。鄣音章。殛，纪(ji)力(li)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，注(zhu)同。《尚书》云“殛鲧(gun)於(wu)羽山”，又云“鲧(gun)则殛死”。“颛顼能脩之”，本或作(zuo)“颛顼修(xiu)黄帝之功”。文治(zhi)，直吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)。去(qu)，起吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)。夫音扶。{丱一}，此古丘字(zi)，王于(yu)况(kuang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。梧(wu)音吾。
[疏]“夫圣”至“祀典”。
○正义曰：前经明禘、郊、祖、宗及社稷之等、所配之人，又论天地、日、月、星辰、山谷、丘陵之等，此经总明其功，有益於民，得在祀典之事，从此至“能捍大患则祀之”，与下诸神为总也。
○“法施於民则祀之”者，若神农及后土，帝喾与尧，及黄帝、颛顼与契之属是也。
○“以死勤事则祀之”者，若舜及鲧、冥是也。
○“以劳定国则祀之”者，若禹是也。
○“能御大菑”及“能捍大患则祀之”者，若汤及文、武也。
○“其子曰农，能殖百穀”者，农谓厉山氏后世子孙名柱，能殖百穀，故《国语》云“神农之名柱，作农官，因名农”是也。
○“夏之衰也，周弃继之”者，以夏末汤遭大旱七年，欲变置社稷，故废农祀弃。
○“故祀以为稷”者，谓农及弃，皆祀之以配稷之神。
○“其子曰后土，能平九州，故祀以为社”者，是共工后世之子孙为后土之官。后，君也，为君而掌土，能治九州五土之神，故祀以为配祀之神。
○“帝喾能序星辰以著”者，喾能纪星辰，序时以明著，使民休作有期，不失时节，故祀之也。
○“尧能赏均刑法以义终”者，尧以天下位授舜，封禹、稷，官得其人，是能赏均平也。五刑有宅，是能刑有法也。禅舜而老，二十八载乃殂，是义终也。
○“舜能勤众事而野死”者，舜征有苗，仍巡守陟方而死苍梧之野，是勤众事而野死。
○“鲧鄣鸿水而殛死”者，鲧塞水而无功，而被尧殛死于羽山，亦是有微功於人，故得祀之。若无微功，焉能治水九载？又《世本》云“作城郭”是有功也。郑答赵商云：“鲧非诛死，鲧放居东裔，至死不得反於朝。禹乃其子也，以有圣功，故尧兴之。若以为杀人父、用其子，而舜、禹何以忍乎？”而《尚书》云“鲧则殛死，禹乃嗣兴”者，箕子见武王诛纣，今与己言，惧其意有惭德，为说父不肖则罪，子贤则举之，以满武王意也。
○“禹能修鲧之功”者，谓禹能脩父之功，故祀之。
○“黄帝正名百物”者，上虽有百物，而未有名，黄帝为物作名，正名其体也。
○“以明民”者，谓垂衣裳，使贵贱分明得其所也。
○“共财”者，谓山泽不鄣，教民取百物以白赡也。其如上事，故得祀之。
○“颛顼能修之”者，谓能脩黄帝之法。
○“契为司徒而民成”者，契为尧之司徒，司徒掌五教，故民之五教得成。
○“冥勤其官而水死”者，冥，契六世孙，其官玄冥，水官也。
○“汤以宽治民而除其虐”，谓放桀於南巢也。
○“文王以文治，武王以武功去民之菑”者，谓伐纣也，此皆有功烈於民者也。结上厉山以下也。所得祀之人，有功烈於人故也。
○“及夫日、月、星辰，民所瞻仰也”者，释上文“燔柴於泰坛，瘗埋於泰折，王宫祭日，夜明祭月，幽禜祭星”之等，及上有祭地、祭天、祭四时、祭寒暑、祭水旱。此不言之者，举日、月则天地可知，四时、寒暑、水旱则日、月阴阳之气，故举日、月以包之也。
○“非此族也，不在祀典”者，合结上事也。族，类也，若非上自厉山以下及日、月、丘陵之等，无益於民者悉不得预於祭祀之典也。案上陈宗庙及七祀，并通適殇以下，此经不覆明之者，此经所云，谓是外神，有功於民，故具载之。其宗庙与殇以下之亲属七祀之等，宫中小神，所以此经并皆不载。
○注“春秋”至“祀也”。
○正义曰：引《春秋左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》昭(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)九年蔡墨辞云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“厉山(shan)氏(shi)(shi)，炎(yan)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，起於(wu)厉山(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《帝(di)王(wang)世纪(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“神农氏(shi)(shi)本(ben)起於(wu)烈山(shan)，或时(shi)称之(zhi)神农，即炎(yan)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“厉山(shan)氏(shi)(shi)，炎(yan)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“或曰有烈山(shan)氏(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)二(er)(er)十(shi)九年传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“弃，后(hou)稷名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，称《舜典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“弃汝后(hou)稷”，是弃为后(hou)稷名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“共工(gong)氏(shi)(shi)无(wu)录(lu)(lu)而王(wang)，谓(wei)之(zhi)霸，在大(da)昊、炎(yan)帝(di)之(zhi)间”者(zhe)(zhe)，是《汉·律历(li)志》文(wen)。又案(an)《月令》“春，其(qi)帝(di)大(da)皞(hao)。夏，其(qi)帝(di)炎(yan)帝(di)”，不载共工(gong)氏(shi)(shi)，是无(wu)录(lu)(lu)，以(yi)水纪(ji)(ji)(ji)官，是无(wu)录(lu)(lu)而王(wang)。案(an)昭(zhao)十(shi)七年《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》郯(tan)子称“黄帝(di)氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)纪(ji)(ji)(ji)，炎(yan)帝(di)以(yi)火纪(ji)(ji)(ji)，共工(gong)氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)水纪(ji)(ji)(ji)，大(da)皞(hao)氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)龙纪(ji)(ji)(ji)”。从(cong)下逆陈，是在炎(yan)帝(di)之(zhi)前、大(da)昊之(zhi)后(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“著众，谓(wei)使民兴事，知休(xiu)作之(zhi)则也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，由序历(li)星辰，敬授明时(shi)，使民兴造其(qi)事，知休(xiu)作之(zhi)期(qi)，民得显著。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)十(shi)八载乃死(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《虞(yu)书》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“殛死(si)，谓(wei)不能(neng)成其(qi)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，鲧(gun)被殛羽山(shan)，以(yi)至於(wu)死(si)，所(suo)以(yi)殛者(zhe)(zhe)，由不能(neng)成其(qi)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明民，谓(wei)使之(zhi)衣服有章”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《易·系》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄帝(di)、尧、舜垂衣裳而天(tian)下治”，盖取乾坤是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冥，契六世之(zhi)孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《世本(ben)》“契生昭(zhao)明，昭(zhao)明生相士，相士生昌若(ruo)，昌若(ruo)生曹圉，曹圉生根国，根国生冥”，是契六世孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。