卷五十一 坊记第三十
陆曰:“坊(fang)音防(fang),徐扶访反。经文皆同。郑云:‘名《坊(fang)记(ji)(ji)》者,以(yi)其(qi)记(ji)(ji)六艺之(zhi)义,所以(yi)坊(fang)人之(zhi)失也。’”
[疏]正义曰:案郑《目录》云:“名《坊记》者,以(yi)其记六艺之义,所以(yi)坊人(ren)之失(shi)者也。此於《别录》属《通论》。
子言之:“君子之道,辟则坊与?坊民之所不足者也。民所不足,谓仁义之道也。失道则放辟邪侈也。
○辟,匹亦反,注同,旧芳益反,徐(xu)又音譬。与音馀。邪(xie),似嗟反。侈,昌氏(shi)反,又尺(chi)氏(shi)反。大为之(zhi)坊(fang)(fang),民犹逾之(zhi)。言(yan)严其禁(jin)尚不能(neng)止(zhi),况不禁(jin)乎(hu)!故君子礼以(yi)坊(fang)(fang)德,刑以(yi)坊(fang)(fang)淫(yin),命以(yi)坊(fang)(fang)欲。”命,谓教(jiao)令。
[疏]“子言”至“坊欲”。
○正义曰:此一节发端起首总明所坊之事。但此篇凡三十九章,此下三十八章悉言“子云”,唯此一章称“子言之”者,以是诸章之首、一篇总要,故重之,特称“子言之”也。馀章其意稍轻,故皆言“子云”也。诸书皆称“子曰”,唯此一篇皆言“子云”,是录记者意异,无义例也。但此篇所“坊”,体例不一。或数经共论一事,每称“子云”、“以此坊民”;或有一经之内发初言“子云”,唯说一事,下即云“以此劳民”结之;或有一经之内虽说一事,即称“民犹犯齿”,“民犹犯贵”,“民犹犯君”;或有每事之下引《诗》、《书》结之者;或有一事之下不引《诗》、《书》者:如此之属,事义相似,体例不同,是记者当时之意,无义例也。今各随文解之。
○“辟则坊与”者,君子之道,坊民之过,譬如坊之碍水,故云“辟则坊与”。但言“坊”字,或上旁为之,或阜旁为之,古之通用也。
○“坊民之所不足者也”,释立坊之义也。言设坊坊民者,为民行仁义不足故也。
○“大为之坊,民犹逾之”者,解不可无坊也。圣人在上,大设其坊坊之,而人犹尚逾越犯躐,况不坊乎?“故君子礼以坊德”者,由民逾德,故人君设礼以坊民德之失也。
○“刑以坊淫”者,制刑以坊民淫邪也。
○“命(ming)以防欲(yu)”者,命(ming),法(fa)令也;欲(yu),贪欲(yu)也。又(you)设法(fa)令以坊民之贪欲(yu)也。
子云:“小人贫斯约,富斯骄。约斯盗,骄斯乱。约,犹穷也。
○乔音骄,本亦作骄,下同。礼者,因人之情而为之节文,以为民坊者也。故圣人之制富贵也,使民富不足以骄,贫不至於约,贵不慊於上,故乱益亡。”此“节文”者,谓农有田里之差,士有爵命之级。慊,恨不满之貌也。慊,或为“嫌”。
○慊(qian),口簟反。级音(yin)给。
[疏]“子云”至“益亡”。
○正义曰:此一节明小人贫富皆失於道,故圣人制礼而为之节文,使富不至骄,贫不至约。
○“故圣人之制富贵也”者,既其置坊,故圣人制为富贵贫贱之法也。不云贫贱,略其文也。
○“使民富不足以骄”者,此为富者制法也。“制富”者,居室、丈尺、俎豆、衣服之事须有法度,不足至骄也。
○“贫不至於约”者,此为贫者制法也。制农田百亩,桑麻自赡,比闾相赒,不令至於约也。
○“贵不慊於上”者,此为贵者制法也。“贵”,谓卿士之属也;“慊”,恨不满之貌也。圣君制其禄秩,随功爵而施,则贵臣无复恨君禄爵以薄於已者也。
○“故(gu)乱(luan)(luan)益亡(wang)”者,结上文(wen)也(ye)(ye)。益,渐(jian)也(ye)(ye)。亡(wang),无也(ye)(ye)。使(shi)富而(er)不(bu)骄(jiao),贫而(er)不(bu)盗,贵又不(bu)恨,故(gu)为乱(luan)(luan)之道渐(jian)无也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)云贱者,亦(yi)从可知也(ye)(ye)。
子云:“贫而好乐,富而好礼,众而以宁者,天下其几矣!言如此者寡也。宁,安也。大族众家,恒多作乱。
○好,呼报反,下同。乐音洛,又音岳。几,居岂反,又音讥。《诗》云:‘民之贪乱,宁为荼毒。’言民之贪为乱者,安其荼毒之行。恶之也。
○荼音徒。行,下孟反。恶,乌路反,下“犹恶”皆同。故制国不过千乘,都成不过百雉,家富不过百乘,以此坊民,诸侯犹有畔者。”古者方十里,其中六十四井出兵车一乘,此兵赋之法也。成国之赋千乘。雉,度名也,高一丈长二丈为雉。百雉为长三百丈,方五百步。子男之城方五里。百雉者,此谓大都,三国之一。
○乘,绳(sheng)证(zheng)反,下注同。高,古(gu)报反。长,直亮反,下同。
[疏]“子云”至“畔者”。
○正义曰:此一节明上下制度有限,防其奢僣畔逆之事。
○“众而以宁者,天下其几矣”者,言家族众多,必致祸乱。家族众而得宁者,普天之下,其几多人矣?言“贫而好乐,富而好礼,众而得宁”如此三者,言天下极少,故云“其几”矣。
○“《诗》云:民之贪乱,宁为荼毒”者,此《诗·大雅·桑柔》之篇,刺厉王之诗。言民之恶者,贪为祸乱,安为荼毒之行以害於人。民多如此,故云上三事天下甚少。
○“故制国不过千乘,都城不过百雉家,富不过百乘”者,以天下为恶者多,故为限节制,诸侯之国,不得过千乘之赋;卿大夫都城,不得过越百雉;卿大夫之富,采地不得过越百乘。“以此坊民,诸侯犹有畔者”,於时卿大夫亦有畔,而独言“诸侯”者,举其重,馀可知也。
○注“古者”至“之一”。
○正义(yi)曰:“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)赋(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,案(an)(an)(an)(an)《司(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),出(chu)(chu)(chu)革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”《司(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“甸方(fang)(fang)八(ba)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),出(chu)(chu)(chu)长毂(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“若(ruo)通(tong)沟洫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。若(ruo)除沟洫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),襄十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)《左传(chuan)》“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)半(ban)天子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)满千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国(guo)(guo),是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)畸。案(an)(an)(an)(an)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”,则(ze)是(shi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)虽过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)赋(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“虽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)焉。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)赋(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),王(wang)(wang)畿(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内六(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),万(wan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)师为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)”,则(ze)万(wan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天子(zi)(zi)六(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),是(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)於六(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。凡(fan)(fan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)马(ma)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍,五(wu)伍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两(liang)(liang),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)两(liang)(liang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu),五(wu)卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旅,五(wu)旅为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)师,五(wu)师为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)(fan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正,遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)副,则(ze)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)同(tong)”,则(ze)知遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《匠人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)田(tian),异(yi)(yi)(yi)於乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)。”则(ze)知公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)同(tong),明公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)田(tian),殊於乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),则(ze)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)亦(yi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)於乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒》:“井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong),士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。通(tong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),士十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)终,革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)终为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong),革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),士千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)畿(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),次国(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),皆(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《费誓》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)郊(jiao)三(san)(san)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)”,是(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)计地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),则(ze)《司(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“九(jiu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)邑(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu),马(ma)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匹(pi),牛(niu)三(san)(san)头。四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)丘(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸,出(chu)(chu)(chu)长毂(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲士三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),马(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi),牛(niu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)头。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)元年(nian)作丘(qiu)甲,杜、服(fu)俱(ju)(ju)引此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文以(yi)(yi)释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“道千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)引《司(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,但(dan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、八(ba)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),於上已释,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)兵(bing)赋(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)《异(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)(zi)万(wan)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)判(pan)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),尊卑相十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间委(wei)曲,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)分(fen)别不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《鲁颂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)车(che)(che)(che)(che)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)总计地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徒三(san)(san)万(wan)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)兵(bing)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)国(guo)(guo)界计地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)数(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),出(chu)(chu)(chu)赋(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)虽革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲士三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)临敌对(dui)战之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),则(ze)同(tong)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)“五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍、五(wu)伍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两(liang)(liang)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):邲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,楚广(guang)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卒(zu),卒(zu)偏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)(liang)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):两(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卒(zu)適吴。是(shi)两(liang)(liang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)对(dui)阵同(tong)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《牧誓》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“武王(wang)(wang)戎车(che)(che)(che)(che)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)两(liang)(liang)。”孔注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)车(che)(che)(che)(che),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”则(ze)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“千(qian)(qian)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)长,百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)长”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)对(dui)敌时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。据(ju)《司(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)车(che)(che)(che)(che)甲牛(niu)马(ma),皆(jie)计地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)令民自出(chu)(chu)(chu)。若(ruo)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),则(ze)遣出(chu)(chu)(chu)革(ge)车(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲士三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),马(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi),牛(niu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)头。恐非力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所能,皆(jie)是(shi)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)所给(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼·巾车(che)(che)(che)(che)职(zhi)》:“毁折,入赍于职(zhi)币。”又(you)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼·马(ma)质》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)(fan)受马(ma)於有(you)(you)司(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),书其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齿毛,与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)贾。马(ma)死则(ze)旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内更。”又(you)《司(si)(si)兵(bing)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“及(ji)授兵(bing),从司(si)(si)马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)颁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)受兵(bing)输(shu),亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)所给(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“高一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈长三(san)(san)丈为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雉(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《异(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)》古(gu)《春(chun)秋左氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)雉(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)丈,方(fang)(fang)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)尺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)步(bu)(bu)(bu),五(wu)六(liu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)丈为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),《周(zhou)(zhou)礼·典命》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“子(zi)(zi)男五(wu)命,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、宫室以(yi)(yi)五(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)节。”国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)子(zi)(zi)男城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)雉(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都,三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)子(zi)(zi)男五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),积千(qian)(qian)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都参(can)分(fen)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”子(zi)(zi)、男大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都三(san)(san)分(fen)国(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而居其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)国(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),凡(fan)(fan)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)义(yi),郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu),子(zi)(zi)、男五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)九(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),天子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《驳异(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)》又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)九(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),子(zi)(zi)、男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)雉(zhi)’者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都。”杜预同(tong)焉。与(yu)(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)富不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唯(wei)卿(qing)(qing)备百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)邑(yi)”,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)唯(wei)卿(qing)(qing)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)邑(yi),未知天子(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、卿(qing)(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)司(si)(si)徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),凡(fan)(fan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)都。五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),凡(fan)(fan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)县。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),凡(fan)(fan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)甸。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”说者(zhe)(zhe)据(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),卿(qing)(qing)食(shi)(shi)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)食(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卿(qing)(qing)备百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)邑(yi)”,《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),则(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤、侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天子(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong),俱(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),俱(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),俱(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)、男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),唯(wei)方(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)下(xia),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得复方(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)《易·讼卦(gua)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),采(cai)(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)税三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),唯(wei)有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)、男中都、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)都,无以(yi)(yi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)骈邑(yi)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)齐(qi)(qi)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),似公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)唯(wei)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)。但(dan)春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),齐(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)强臣(chen)(chen)尢多,故(gu)(gu)(gu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唯(wei)食(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)《礼》同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)皇氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说。熊氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)备百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)邑(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),《郑(zheng)志(zhi)》以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi)方(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),与(yu)(yu)(yu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)别。又(you)以(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)臣(chen)(chen)赐(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)无常,得地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)卿(qing)(qing)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
子云:“夫礼者,所以章疑别微,以为民坊者也。故贵贱有等,衣服有别,朝廷有位,则民有所让。”位,朝位也。
○别,彼列反,下同。朝,直遥反,下皆同。子云:“天无二日,土无二王,家无二主,尊无二上,示民有君臣之别也。《春秋》不称楚、越之王丧。礼:君不称天,大夫不称君,恐民之惑也。楚、越之君,僣号称王,不称其丧,谓不书“葬”也。《春秋传》曰:“吴、楚之君不书‘葬’,辟其僣号也。”臣者天君,称天子为天王,称诸侯不言天公,辟王也。大夫有臣者称之曰主,不言君,辟诸侯也。此者皆为使民疑惑,不知孰者尊也。《周礼》曰:“主友之雠,视从父昆弟。”
○僣,子念反,下同。辟音避,下同。皆为,于伪反。《诗》云:‘相彼盍旦,尚犹患之。’”“盍旦”,夜鸣求旦之鸟也,求不可得也,人犹恶其欲反昼夜而乱晦明,况於臣之僣君,求不可得之类,乱上下惑众也。
○相,息亮反。盍音褐。徐苦盍反,注同。子云:“君不与同姓同车,与异姓同车不同服,示民不嫌也。以此坊民,民犹得同姓以弑其君。”同姓者,谓先王、先公,子孙有继及之道者也,其非此则无嫌也。仆、右恒朝服,君则各以时事,唯在军同服于。
○杀音试,本又作弑。
[疏]“子云”至“患之”。
○正义曰:此一节明章疑别嫌,恐尊卑相僣,使人疑惑之事。
○“章疑”者,疑谓是非不决,当用礼以章明之。
○“别微”者,微,谓幽隐不著,当用礼以分别之。
○“《春秋》不称楚、越之王丧”者,言《春秋》之义,但书其“卒”,不称其楚、越王丧葬之事,谓书“卒”不书“葬”也。若书葬则当称葬楚、越某王,辟王之名,故不书“葬”。案:《春秋》越子卒,经、传全无其事,但记者据越称王之后追而言之,非当时之事也。
○“礼:君不称天”者,谓诸侯之君,臣子不得称之曰“天公”,辟天子。“大夫不称君”,谓诸侯之大夫,家臣不得称之为君,辟诸侯也。
○“恐民之惑也”者,所以不称者,恐民之疑惑也。
○“《诗》云:相彼盍旦,尚犹患之”者,鹖旦,是求旦之鸟,夜中而鸣以求早旦,不可得也。言人视彼求旦之鸟,欲反夜作昼,是鸟无识也,求不可得之物。人犹尚恶之,况人上僣於君,求不可得之物,以下乱上,人恶之可知也。
○注“春秋”至“昆弟”。
○正义曰:所引《春秋传》者,案宣公十八年楚子旅卒,《公羊传》曰:“吴、楚之君不书‘葬’,辟其号也。”若书“葬”,当书葬楚庄王,辟其王之号,故不书“葬”。云“臣者天君”者,言臣尊君如天,故云“臣者天君”。云“称天子为天王”者,则《春秋》称“天王使南季来聘之属”是也。云“称之曰主,不言君,辟诸侯也”,则下引《周礼》“主友之雠”,是称主,亦据臣下自称己大夫之君但得言主,不得称君。若官人泛例言之,大夫有采地者,亦得称君,故《丧服》云“为其君布带绳屦”,传言“君,谓有采地者”也;若通而言之,诸侯亦称主,《曲礼》云:“执主器,谓君也。”大夫自相命亦称主也,故《左传》晋士匄,谓荀偃为主云“事吴不敢如事主”是也。称大夫之妻亦得曰“主”者,案《鲁语》云“季孙问於公文伯之母曰:主亦有以语肥也”是也。
○注“盍旦”至“众也”。
○正义曰:此逸《诗》也,言夜是闇时,此鸟必欲求明,是求而不可得者也。意欲反夜而为旦,犹若臣之奢僣,欲反下而为上也。
○注“同姓”至“服尔”。
○正义曰(yue):云(yun)“其非此则(ze)无(wu)嫌(xian)也(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)非此先(xian)王、先(xian)公(gong),子孙不有相承继之(zhi)势,则(ze)无(wu)所(suo)嫌(xian)疑,得同(tong)车也(ye)。云(yun)“仆、右(you)恒朝服”者(zhe),谓(wei)仆及车右(you)身衣(yi)朝服,故(gu)(gu)《曲礼》云(yun)“乘路马必朝服”是也(ye)。其朝服之(zhi)内,则(ze)有虎(hu)裘(qiu)狼裘(qiu),故(gu)(gu)《玉藻》云(yun)“君之(zhi)右(you)虎(hu)裘(qiu),厥左狼裘(qiu)”是也(ye)。云(yun)“唯(wei)在军(jun)(jun)同(tong)服尔”者(zhe),案《春秋》僖五年《左传》云(yun):“均(jun)服振(zhen)振(zhen),取(qu)虢之(zhi)旂。”又《公(gong)羊(yang)》成二年鞍之(zhi)战,逢丑父为齐桓公(gong)车右(you)也(ye),衣(yi)服与顷公(gong)相似(si),是“在军(jun)(jun)同(tong)服”。
子云:“君子辞贵不辞贱,辞富不辞贫,则乱益亡。亡,无也。
○“子云”,自此以下,本或作“子曰”。故君子与其使食浮於人也,宁使人浮於食。”食,谓禄也。在上曰浮。禄胜己则近贪,己胜禄则近廉。
○近,附近之近。子云:“觞酒豆肉,让而受恶,民犹犯齿。衽席之上,让而坐下,民犹犯贵。朝廷之位,让而就贱,民犹犯君。犯,犹僣也。齿,年也。礼:六十以上,笾豆有加。贵,秩异者。
○觞音伤。衽,而审反,又而鸩反。上,时掌反。《诗》云:‘民之无良,相怨一方。受爵不让,至于己斯亡。’”良,善也。言无善之人,善遥相怨,贪爵禄,好得无让,以至亡己。
○好,呼报反。子云:“君子贵人而贱己,先人而后己,则民作让,故称人之君曰君,自称其君曰寡君。”寡君,犹言少德之君,言之谦。子云:“利禄先死者而后生者,则民不偝;先亡者而后存者,则民可以托。言不偷於死亡,则於生存信。
○偝音佩,下及注同。愉音偷,本亦作偷。《诗》云:‘先君之思,以畜寡人。’此卫夫人定姜之诗也。定姜无子,立庶子衎,是为献公畜孝也。献公无礼於定姜,定姜作诗,言献公当思先君定公,以孝於寡人。
○畜,许六反,注同,毛《诗》作“勖”。定姜之诗,此是是《鲁诗》,《毛诗》为庄姜。衎,苦旦反。以此坊民,民犹偝死而号无告。”死者见偝,其家之老弱号呼称冤。无所告,无理也。
○号,户羔反,注同(tong)。冤,於苑反。
[疏]“子云”至“无告”。
○正义曰:此一节明坊人偝死乡生之事。
○“利禄先死者而后生者”,谓财利荣禄之事,假令死之与生并合俱得,君上先与死者。而后生者。“则民不偝”者,谓在上以此化民,则民皆不偝於死者。
○“先亡者而后存”者,亡,谓身为国事亡在外。存,谓存在於国内。若君有利禄,先与在外亡者而后与国内存者。
○“则民可以托”者,谓在上以此化民,民皆仁厚,皆可以大事相付托也。
○“《诗》云:先君之思,以畜寡人”者,此《邶风·燕燕》之篇,卫庄姜送归妾之诗。言归妾戴妫思念先君庄公,以妇道勖勉寡人。寡人,庄姜自谓。此《记》引《诗》以“勖”为“畜”,郑又以为卫定公大夫定姜之诗。定姜无子,立庶子衎,是为献公。献公无礼於定姜,欲令献公当思念先君,以畜孝於寡人。
○“民犹偝死,而号无告”者,言民犹尚偝弃死者,其生者老弱号呼,无所控告。
○注“言不偷於死亡,则於生存信”。
○正义曰:偷,谓苟且。言人既不苟且弃偝於死亡,则於生存在者不弃薄信著矣。
○注“此卫”至“寡人”。
○正义曰(yue):云(yun)“此(ci)卫夫人定姜(jiang)之(zhi)诗”,“献(xian)公(gong)无礼於定姜(jiang)”者(zhe),案襄十四(si)年《左传》云(yun):“卫献(xian)公(gong)出奔,使告宗庙以(yi)无罪(zui)。”夫人定姜(jiang)曰(yue):“余以(yi)巾栉事(shi)先君,而暴妾使余,若(ruo)何(he)无罪(zui)?”是(shi)无礼之(zhi)事(shi),与(yu)《诗》注(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)同者(zhe),案《郑志》答炅模云(yun):“注(zhu)(zhu)《记》时(shi)就卢君,后得《毛(mao)传》乃改(gai)之(zhi)。”凡注(zhu)(zhu)与(yu)《诗》不(bu)同,皆仿此(ci)。
子云:“有国家者,贵人而贱禄,则民兴让;尚技而贱车,则民兴艺。言人君贵尚贤者、能者,而不吝於班禄赐车服,则让道兴。贤者、能者,人所服也。技,犹艺也。
○技,其绮反,注同。吝,力刃反,又力镇反。故君子约言,小人先言。”言人尚德不尚言也。“约”与“先”互言尔。君子约则小人多矣,小人先则君子后矣。《易》曰:“君子以多识前言往行,以畜其德。”
○行,下孟反。畜,敕六反。
[疏]“子云”至“先言”。
○正义曰:此一节明尚贤能、重言行之事。
○“君子约言”者,省约其言,则小人多言也。
○“小人先(xian)言”者,小人行在於(wu)后,必先(xian)用其言。君子(zi)则后言先(xian)行其行,二者相互(hu)也(ye)。
子云:“上酌民言,则下天上施。上不酌民言则犯也,下不天上施则乱也。酌,犹取也。取众民之言以为政教,则得民心。得民心则恩泽所加,民受之如天矣。言其尊。
○施,始豉反,下同。故君子信让以莅百姓,则民之报礼重。莅,临也。报礼重者,犹言能死其难。
○莅音利,又音类。难,乃旦反。《诗》云:‘先民有言,询于刍荛。’”先民,谓上古之君也。询,谋也。刍荛,下民之事也。言古之人君将有政教,必谋之於庶民乃施之。
○询(xun)音荀。刍,初俱反。荛,如(ru)遥反。
[疏]“子云”至“刍荛”。
○正义曰:此一节论上取民心则民报礼重之事。
○“上酌民言,则下天上施”者,酌,取也。言在上人君取下民之言以为政教,既得民心,民皆喜悦,则在下之民仰君之德如天,敬此在上所施之恩泽。言受上恩泽如受之於天,尊之也,故云“下天上施”。
○“上不酌民言则犯也”者,若在上不取民言,违戾於下,则民人怨怒以犯於上。
○“下不天上施则乱”者,言在下之民若不仰君如天,敬此在上,则施之恩泽,虽有君恩,而在下不领,则祸乱之事起也。
○“民之报礼重”者,以君子在上用信让以临百姓,则民之报上之礼心意厚重,能死其难。
○“《诗》云:先民有言(yan),询(xun)于刍荛”者,此《诗·大雅·板》之(zhi)(zhi)篇,刺厉(li)王之(zhi)(zhi)诗也。言(yan)厉(li)王不用贤(xian)人之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),故诗人刺之(zhi)(zhi)。云先民谓(wei)先世之(zhi)(zhi)君王将有政教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),必(bi)先询(xun)谋采於刍荛之(zhi)(zhi)贱者。引之(zhi)(zhi)者,证“上酌民言(yan)”之(zhi)(zhi)事。
子云:“善则称人,过则称己,则民不争。善则称人,过则称己,则怨益亡。《诗》云:‘尔卜尔筮,履无咎言。’”尔,女也。履,礼也。言女乡卜筮,然后与我为礼,则无咎恶之言矣。言恶在己,彼过浅。
○争,争斗之争。履,如字,《毛诗》作“体”。女音汝,下及下文皆同。乡,许亮反,本亦作乡。子云:“善则称人,过则称己,则民让善。《诗》云:‘考卜惟王,度是镐京。惟龟正之,武王成之。’度,谋也。镐京,镐宫也。言武王卜而谋居此镐邑,龟则出吉兆正之,武王筑成之。此臣归美於君。
○度,徒洛反,注同,《毛诗》作“宅”。镐,胡老反。子云:“善则称君,过则称己,则民作忠。《君陈》曰:‘尔有嘉谋喜猷,入告尔君于内,女乃顺之于外。’曰:‘此谋此猷,惟我君之德,於乎是惟良显哉!’”《君陈》,盖周公之子、伯禽弟也,名篇在《尚书》,今亡。嘉,善也。猷,道也。“於乎是惟良显哉”,美君之德。
○於音乌,下火吴反,注同。子云:“善则称亲,过则称己,则民作孝。《大誓》曰:‘予克纣,非予武,惟朕文考无罪。纣克予,非朕文考有罪,惟予小子无良。’”《大誓》,《尚书》篇名也。克,胜也。“非予武”,非我武功也。“文考”,文王也。“无罪”,则言有德也。“无良”,无功善也。此武王誓众以伐纣之辞也。今《大誓》无此章,则其篇散亡。
○大音泰,本亦作泰,注同。
[疏]“子云”至“无良”。
○正义曰:此一节论“善则称人,过则称己”之事。凡有三节,上经论与凡人,次经论臣於君,下经论子於亲,各引《诗》、《书》以结成之。其经首皆言“子云”。
○“《诗》云考卜惟王”至“武王成之”者,此《大雅·文王有声》之篇,美武王之诗。“考卜惟王”者,言稽考於龟而卜者,惟是武王。
○“度是镐京”者,度,谋也。言所以卜者,谓谋居是镐京。“惟龟正之”者,谓龟能正其吉兆。
○“武王成之”者,谓筑成都邑。
○“《君陈》曰:尔有嘉谋嘉猷,入告尔君于内”者,嘉,善也;猷,道也。言尔有善谋善道,则入告尔君於内。
○“女乃顺之於外”者,言先告君於内,乃顺行之於外。“曰此谋此猷,惟我君之德”者,言此善谋善道,惟是我君之德也。
○“於乎是惟良显哉”者,既推德於君,又叹美君德。云於乎是君德,惟良善显明哉。
○“《泰誓》曰”至“予小子无良”者,克,胜也。武王云:我之克纣,非我武,惟我文考无罪於天,为天所佐。若纣克於我,非我文考有罪,惟我小子无良善之德,故致败也。
○注“此臣归美於君”。
○正义曰:下经始据臣之於君。此经据凡人相於而云“归美於君”者,以归美於它人,《诗》无其证,故引此“惟龟正之”,归美於君以证之。
○注“君陈盖周公之子伯禽弟也”。
○正义曰:知“君陈盖周公子”者,以《书序》云:“周公既没,命君陈分正东郊成周。”似若《蔡仲之命》,《书序》云“蔡叔既卒,王命蔡仲践诸侯位”相似,皆是父卒命子,故疑周公子以伯禽。周公元子既封於鲁,命君陈令居东郊,故知伯禽弟也。
○注“今《泰誓》无此章,则其篇散亡”。
○正义曰:郑不见《古(gu)文尚书(shu)》。汉时别有(you)《尚书(shu)》逸(yi)篇(pian),“四月太子发上祭於毕”以下(xia)三(san)篇(pian)之(zhi)事(shi),郑谓篇(pian)中有(you)此经之(zhi)语,但其事(shi)散亡。
子云:“君子弛其亲之过,而敬其美。弛犹弃忘也,孝子不藏识父母之过。
○弛,式氏反,注同。《论语》曰:‘三年无改於父之道,可谓孝矣。’不以己善駮亲之过。
○駮,邦角反。高宗云:‘三年其惟不言,言乃讙。’”高宗,殷王武丁也,名篇在《尚书》。三年不言,有父小乙丧之时也。讙,当为“欢”,声之误也。其既言,天下皆欢喜,乐其政教也。
○讙,依注音欢,火官反。乐音洛。子云:“从命不忿,微谏不倦,劳而不怨,可谓孝矣。“微谏不倦”者,子於父母尚和顺,不用鄂鄂。《论语》曰:“事父母几谏,见志不从,又敬不违。”《内则》曰:“父母有过,下气怡色,柔声以谏。谏若不入,起敬起孝。说则复谏。”此所谓“不倦”。
○鄂,五各反,本又作“谔”。说音悦。复,扶又反。诗云:‘孝子不匮。’”匮,乏也。孝子无乏止之时。
○匮,其愧反。子云:“睦於父母之党,可谓孝矣。睦,厚也。党,犹亲也。故君子因睦以合族。合族,谓与族人燕,与族人食。《诗》云:‘此令兄弟,绰绰有裕,不令兄弟,交相为瘉。’”令,善也。绰绰,宽容貌也。交犹更。瘉,病也。
○绰,昌灼反。裕,羊树反。瘉,羊主反。更,古衡反。子云:“於父之执,可以乘其车,不可以衣,其衣君子以广孝也。”“父之执”,与父执志同者也。“可以乘其车”,车於身差远也,谓今与己位等。
○衣,於既反。差,初卖反。子云:“小人皆能养其亲,君子不敬,何以辨?”辨,别也。
○养,羊尚反。子云:“父子不同位,以厚敬也。同位尊卑等,为其相亵。
○为,于伪反,下“专为”同。亵,息列反。《书》云:‘厥辟不辟,忝厥祖。’”厥,其也。辟,君也。忝,辱也。为君不君,与臣子相亵,则辱先祖矣。君父之道宜尊严。
○厥辟不辟,并必亦反,注同。子云:“父母在不称老,言孝不言慈,闺门之内,戏而不叹。孝上施,言慈则嫌下流也。戏,谓孺子言笑者也。孟子曰:“舜年五十而不失其孺子之心。”叹,谓有忧戚之声也。
○孺,而注反。君子以此坊民,民犹薄於孝而厚於慈。”子云:“长民者,朝廷敬老则民作孝。”长民,谓天子、诸侯也。
○长,丁丈反,注及下“事(shi)(shi)长”同。子云:“祭祀之有(you)尸也(ye),宗庙(miao)之主也(ye),示民(min)有(you)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。脩宗庙(miao),敬(jing)祀事(shi)(shi),教民(min)追孝(xiao)也(ye)。有(you)事(shi)(shi),有(you)所尊事(shi)(shi)。以(yi)此(ci)坊民(min),民(min)犹(you)忘其(qi)亲。”
[疏]“子云”至“其亲”。
○正义曰:上文承“善则称亲”,“则民作孝”,故此一节广明为孝之道以坊於民,民犹有忘孝之事,各依文解之。
○“君子弛其亲之过”者,弛谓弃忘,若亲有过失,孝子弃忘之,不藏记在心也。
○“高宗云”者,此《尚书·说命》之篇,论高宗之事,故言“高宗云”,高宗非书篇之名。“三年其惟不言”者,在父丧三年之内,其惟不言政教。
○“言乃讙”者,谓三年服毕之后,言论政教,天下皆欢乐也。注“高宗,殷王武丁也,名篇在《尚书》”。
○正义曰:案“其惟不言”之文在《尚书·说命》之篇,“言乃讙”在《无逸》之篇,而郑云“名篇在《尚书》”,则是高宗篇上有此二言,与《书》之文不同者,郑不见《古文尚书序》有高宗之训,此经有“高宗云”,谓是高宗之训篇有此语,故云“名篇在《尚书》”。
○“子云”至“不匮”。
○正义曰:“《诗》云孝子不匮”者,是《大雅·既醉》之篇,美成王之时告大平之诗。言孝子行其孝道,不有匮乏之时。
○“子云”至“为瘉”。
○正义曰:“故君子因睦以合族”者,言亲睦於父母之党,乃得为孝,故君子因此亲睦之道,以会聚宗族为燕食之礼。
○“《诗》云此令兄弟,绰绰有裕”者,此《诗·小雅·角弓》之篇,刺幽王之诗。幽王不亲宗族,故父兄刺之。令,善也。言此有德之人,善於兄弟,故绰绰然而有宽裕。
○“不令兄弟,交相为瘉”者,瘉,病也。言无德小人不善兄弟,交相为病害。
○注“车於”至“位等”。
○正义曰:以父之执友得乘其车,不得衣其衣。以衣在身,车比衣稍远,故可以乘其车。知“今与己位等”者,若尊卑悬绝,假非执友,不可传通车服,故知“与己位等”。但是父之执,故不可衣其衣也。
○“《书》云厥辟不辟,忝厥祖”。
○正义曰:此《尚书·太甲》三篇,伊尹戒太甲之辞。厥,其也。辟,君也。忝,辱也。言为君不自尊高,而与臣子相亵,则辱其先祖也。若为人父,不自尊严,而与卑下相渎,亦辱累其先祖,故郑注云“君父之道,宜尊严”也。此则因君见父耳。
○“子云”至“其亲”。
○正义曰:“示民有事也”者,言所以祭祀有尸,宗庙有主者,下示於民,有所尊事故也。
○“脩宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao),敬(jing)祀事,教(jiao)民追孝也”者,言人君脩立宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)恭敬(jing)祀事者,下教(jiao)於民,追孝於亲也。
子云:“敬则用祭器,祭器,笾、豆、簋、鉶之属也。有敬事於宾客则用之,谓飨食也。盘、盂之属为燕器。
○簋音轨。鉶音刑。食音嗣,下文“食礼”同。盘,步于反。盂音于。故君子不以菲废礼,不以美没礼。言不可以其薄不及礼而不行礼,亦不可以其美过礼而去礼。礼主敬,废灭之是不敬。
○菲,芳鬼反,薄也。去,起吕反。故食礼,主人亲馈则客祭,主人不亲馈则客不祭。故君子苟无礼,虽美不食焉。《易》曰:‘东邻杀牛,不如西邻之禴祭,寔受其福。’东邻,谓纣国中也。西邻,谓文王国中也。此辞在《既济》。《既济》,离下坎上,离为牛,坎为豕。西邻禴祭则用豕。与言杀牛而凶,不如杀豕受福,喻奢而慢不如俭而敬也。《春秋传》曰“黍稷非馨,明德惟馨”,信矣。
○馈,其位反。禴音药。寔,时力反,《易》作实。与音馀。《诗》云:‘既醉以酒,既饱以德。’言君子飨燕,非专为酒肴,亦以观威仪,讲德美。
○肴(yao),户交反。以此示民(min),民(min)犹争利而忘义。”
[疏]“子云”至“忘义”。
○正义曰:前经坊民以为孝之道,此经教民以为敬行义之事。
○“故君子不以菲废礼”者,菲,薄也。言君子不以贫窭菲薄,废礼不行。
○“不以美没礼”,没,过也。不可以财物丰多,华美其事,没过於礼也。
○“《易》曰:东邻杀牛,不如西邻之禴祭。寔受其福”者,东邻谓纣,西邻谓文王也。纣之国中奢而慢礼,虽杀牛以祭,不如西邻文王国中以为禴祭,但杀豕而已。以其祭俭而恭敬故也。
○“寔受其福”,寔,实也,言寔为神所加福祐。
○“《诗》云:既醉以酒,既饱以德”者,此《大雅·既醉》之篇,言成王祭祀,合於礼仪。既,尽也,言君臣上下尽醉以酒,至於祭之末,观十伦之义,尽饱以德。
○注“东邻”至“信矣”。
○正(zheng)义曰:东(dong)(dong)(dong)邻(lin)(lin)谓纣(zhou)国中(zhong)也(ye),既云东(dong)(dong)(dong)邻(lin)(lin)西(xi)邻(lin)(lin),总(zong)(zong)据一(yi)国之(zhi)辞,非唯纣(zhou)、文王一(yi)身而已,故(gu)云“国中(zhong)”,言一(yi)国皆然(ran)也(ye)。云“此(ci)(ci)辞在(zai)《既济》”者,是《既济》九(jiu)五(wu)(wu)爻(yao)辞也(ye)。郑注《易》九(jiu)五(wu)(wu)曰:“互体为(wei)(wei)坎(kan)也(ye),又互体为(wei)(wei)离(li)。离(li)为(wei)(wei)日,坎(kan)为(wei)(wei)月(yue)。日出东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang),东(dong)(dong)(dong)邻(lin)(lin)象也(ye)。月(yue)出西(xi)方(fang)(fang),西(xi)邻(lin)(lin)象也(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)注坎(kan)为(wei)(wei)豕,西(xi)邻(lin)(lin)禴祭(ji)则(ze)用(yong)豕,与此(ci)(ci)文异。又注云“离(li)为(wei)(wei)牛”是东(dong)(dong)(dong)邻(lin)(lin)之(zhi)祭(ji)杀牛也(ye)。则(ze)郑之(zhi)《易》注九(jiu)五(wu)(wu)一(yi)爻(yao),有(you)(you)坎(kan)有(you)(you)离(li)。此(ci)(ci)注总(zong)(zong)论《既济》之(zhi)卦,下体为(wei)(wei)离(li),上体为(wei)(wei)坎(kan),与《易》注不(bu)同者,但《易》含万象,俱得明义也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)据一(yi)国风俗(su)奢俭,故(gu)举豕、牛以言之(zhi)。不(bu)得以天子(zi)诸(zhu)侯俱用(yong)大牢为(wei)(wei)妨。
子云:“七日戒,三日齐,承一人焉以为尸,过之者趋走,以教敬也。戒,谓散齐也。承犹事也。
○齐,侧皆反,注同。散,悉但反。醴酒在室,醍酒在堂,澄酒在下,示不淫也。淫犹贪也。澄酒,清酒也。三酒尚质不尚味。
○醍音体。尸饮三,众宾饮一,示民有上下也。“上下”犹尊卑也。主人主妇上宾献尸,乃后主人降,洗爵献宾。因其酒肉,聚其宗族,以教民睦也。言祭有酒肉,群昭群穆皆至而献酬之,咸有荐俎。
○昭,常遥反。故堂上观乎室,堂下观乎上。谓祭时肃敬之威仪也。《诗》云:‘礼仪卒度,笑语卒获。’”卒,尽也。获,得也。言在庙中者,不失其礼仪,皆欢喜得其节也。
○度,如字,法度也,徐涂洛反。
[疏]“子云”至“卒获”。
○正义曰:此一节明祭祀恭敬之义,使礼仪各得其所。
○“七日戒”者,谓散齐也。
○“三日斋者,谓致齐也。
○“承一人焉以为尸”者,谓承奉一人焉,尊之为尸也。
○“示民不淫也”者,淫犹贪也。然醴齐、醍齐、澄酒,味薄者在上,味厚者在下,贵薄贱厚,示民不贪淫於味也。
○“尸饮二,众宾饮一,示民有上下也”者,言尊上者得酒多,卑下者得酒少,是“示民有上下也”。
○“因其酒肉,聚其宗族,以教民睦也”者,谓因其祭祀之酒肉,於祭祀之末聚其宗族昭穆相献酬,教民相亲睦也。
○“故堂上观乎室”者,沈重云:“祭祀之时在堂上者,观望在室之人以取法。”
○“堂下观乎上”者,谓在堂下之人观看於堂上之人以为则,言上下内外,更相仿法。
○“《诗》云:礼仪卒度,笑语卒获”者,此《小雅·楚茨》之篇,刺幽王之诗。言古之祭祀,礼仪尽合其法度,笑语尽得其节制。
○注“澄酒”至“尚味”。
○正义曰:澄酒,清酒也,谓澄齐也。以其清於醴齐、醍齐,故云“清酒”也。以此三齐皆云酒,故知“澄酒”惟“澄齐”也。《礼运》云:“玄酒在室,醴醆在户,粢醍在堂,澄酒在下。”彼陈酒事,故郑分释澄为沈齐,酒为三酒也。以此云“示民不淫”,故知非三酒,以三酒味厚美故也。《礼运》云“醴醆在户”,此云“在室”,不同者,在户之内,则是在室也。但《礼运》有“玄酒在室”之文,故云“醴醆在户”尔。
○注“主人”至“献宾”。
○正义曰:知主(zhu)人主(zhu)妇宾(bin)献尸,乃后(hou)主(zhu)人降,洗爵献宾(bin)者,《仪(yi)礼·特牲》文(wen)也。
子云:“宾礼每进以让,丧礼每加以远。浴於中霤,饭於牖下,小敛於户内,大敛於阼,殡於客位,祖於庭,葬於墓,所以示远也。远之所以崇敬也。阼,或为“堂”。
○霤,力救反。饭,扶晚反。牖音酉。殷人吊於圹,周人吊於家,示民不偝也。既葬,哀而哭踊,於是吊之。
○圹,苦(ku)晃(huang)反(fan)。子云:“死,民之卒事也,吾从周。周於送(song)死尤备(bei)。以(yi)此(ci)坊民,诸(zhu)侯(hou)犹有(you)薨而不葬者。”
[疏]“子云”至“葬者”。
○正义曰:此一节明送丧渐远,吊哭有节,示民不偝之事。“宾礼每进以让”者,案《乡饮酒礼》,主人迎宾,至门三辞,至阶三让,皆主人先入先登,是“宾礼每进以让”。
○“死(si),民(min)之卒(zu)(zu)事(shi)也(ye),吾从(cong)周”者,上既云(yun)殷、周吊(diao)节不同,孔子明言所从(cong)之事(shi),故更言“子云(yun):死(si),民(min)之卒(zu)(zu)事(shi)也(ye),吾从(cong)周”,言死(si)是民(min)之终卒(zu)(zu)之事(shi),宜(yi)须送终备具。若殷人吊(diao)於(wu)(wu)圹(kuang)(kuang),情犹未尽,即圹(kuang)(kuang)上而吊(diao),於(wu)(wu)送死(si)大(da)简。周人孝子反哭至(zhi)家,乃后始(shi)吊(diao),於(wu)(wu)送死(si)殷勤(qin),是情礼备具,故云(yun)“吾从(cong)周”也(ye)。
子云:“升自客阶,受吊於宾位,教民追孝也。谓反哭时也。既葬矣,犹不由阼阶,不忍即父位也。未没丧,不称君,示民不争也。故《鲁春秋》记晋丧曰:‘杀其君之子奚齐,及其君卓。’没,终也。《春秋传》曰:“诸侯於其封内三年称子”,至其臣子逾年则谓之君矣。奚齐与卓子皆献公之子也,献公卒,其年奚齐杀,明年而卓子杀矣。
○争,争斗之争,下(xia)“民争”同(tong)。杀音试(shi),注及下(xia)同(tong),一音如字(zi)。卓(zhuo),敕角(jiao)反(fan),注同(tong)。以此坊民,子犹有弑其父(fu)者(zhe)。”弑父(fu),不(bu)子之甚。
[疏]“子云”至“父者”。
○正义曰:此节明民追孝於亲,诸侯未终丧之前,不得称君,示民不争之事也。
○“升自客阶,受吊於宾位”者,谓既葬反哭之时,孝子升自客阶,受吊於堂上西方宾位之处,不敢在东方以即父位,示民追孝之心也。
○“未没丧,不称君”者,没,终也,谓未终三年之丧,嗣子不合称君,所以然者,示民不令父子相争也。
○“杀其君之子奚齐及其君卓”者,案僖九年秋九月,晋侯诡诸卒。冬,晋里克弑其君之子奚齐。十年,里克弑其君卓子。《公羊》云:其年奚齐杀,明年卓子弑。是逾年称君。
○注云“谓反哭时也”。
○正义曰:知“反哭时”者,以承上文“葬於墓”,又云“薨而不葬”者,即云“升自客阶”,承葬文之下,故知“反哭时”。又《既夕礼》云“乃反哭,入,主人升自西阶”是也。
○注“春秋”至“君矣”。
○正义曰(yue):“诸侯(hou)於其封(feng)内三年(nian)称子(zi)”者(zhe),此文九年(nian)《公羊传》文。“其臣子(zi)逾年(nian)则(ze)谓之君”者(zhe),此卓子(zi)逾年(nian)弑(shi)而经书“弑(shi)其君”,是史之策书臣子(zi)称君也。
子云:“孝以事君,弟以事长,示民不贰也。故君子有君不谋仕,唯卜之日称二君。”不贰,不自贰於尊者也。自贰谓若郑叔段者也。“君子有君”,谓君之子父在者也。不谋仕,嫌鷃为政也。卜之日,谓君有故而为之卜也。二当为“贰”,唯卜之时,辞得曰君之贰某尔。晋惠公获於秦,命其大夫归择立君,曰:“其卜贰圉也。”
○弟音悌。郑段,徒乱反,本亦云“郑叔段”也。迟,直志反。而为,于伪反。圉,鱼吕反,晋惠公太子怀公名。丧父三年,丧君三年,示民不疑也。不疑於君之尊也。君无骨肉之亲,不重其服,至尊不明。父母在,不敢有其身,不敢私其财,示民有上下也。身及财皆当统於父母也。有犹专也。故天子四海之内无客礼,莫敢为主焉。故君適其臣,升自阼阶,即位於堂,示民不敢专其室也。臣亦统於君。父母在,馈献不及车马,示民不敢专也。车马,家物之重者。
○馈(kui),本(ben)又(you)作“馈(kui)”,音同。以此坊民,民犹忘其(qi)亲而贰其(qi)君。”
[疏]“子云”至“其君”。
○正义曰:此一节明事君父之道。
○“孝以事君,弟以事长,示民不贰也”者,用孝以事君,用弟以事长,示民以恭敬之情,不敢自副贰於其君,谓与尊者相敌,若郑叔段贰君於兄也。
○“故君子有君不谋仕”者,“君子”,谓国君之子,有君在,不谋欲仕官。若谋仕官,似嫌为政之迟,故欲速为仕也。
○“唯卜之日,称二君”者,二当为贰,谓副贰也。谓君有事故,不得亲临卜筮,其嗣子为君而卜其辞,得称“君之贰某”,告龟筮也。
○“示民不疑”者,君无骨肉之亲,若不为重服,民则疑君不尊。今丧君三年,与丧父同,示民不疑於君之尊也。
○注“自贰”至“圉也”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):案(an)隐元年《左传》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):郑(zheng)(zheng)庄公(gong)弟共(gong)叔(shu)段(duan)(duan)封於(wu)(wu)(wu)京(jing)邑(yi),请西鄙(bi)、北鄙(bi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)己(ji),段(duan)(duan)又收贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以为(wei)(wei)己(ji)邑(yi)。公(gong)子吕曰(yue):“国不(bu)(bu)堪贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。”谓(wei)除君身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,国中不(bu)(bu)堪更有副(fu)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,是(shi)段(duan)(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)君也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,谓(wei)君有故(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卜(bu)也(ye)”者,言当卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,君应须亲临,君有事(shi)故(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)適子为(wei)(wei)君卜(bu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)(er)当为(wei)(wei)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)”者,小(xiao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)一(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),大贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)副(fu)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。此(ci)取副(fu)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),不(bu)(bu)取一(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),故(gu)(gu)转二(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“惟(wei)(wei)卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),辞得曰(yue)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)某(mou)尔”者,言嗣子於(wu)(wu)(wu)他馀事(shi)皆不(bu)(bu)得自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)”,惟(wei)(wei)代君临卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)某(mou)”。所以然者,敬重卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神灵,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)私顾(gu)父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian),若不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“君贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)”,无缘代君而(er)(er)卜(bu),辞穷,不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君二(er)(er)(er)(er)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。此(ci)谓(wei)世子对(dui)君自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。王肃不(bu)(bu)晓郑(zheng)(zheng)旨(zhi),乃引(yin)传云(yun)(yun)太子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),又云(yun)(yun)子者身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),又以旁人称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)而(er)(er)难郑(zheng)(zheng),其(qi)义(yi)(yi)非也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“晋惠(hui)公(gong)获於(wu)(wu)(wu)秦(qin),命其(qi)大夫(fu)归择立君,曰(yue):其(qi)卜(bu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)圉(yu)也(ye)”者,郑(zheng)(zheng)以书传无世子为(wei)(wei)君卜(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),故(gu)(gu)引(yin)僖公(gong)十五年《左传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)以证(zheng)君贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),与此(ci)经(jing)文(wen)不(bu)(bu)正相当,取其(qi)一(yi)边耳(er)。“惠(hui)公(gong)获於(wu)(wu)(wu)秦(qin)”者,案(an)僖公(gong)十五年传称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)晋惠(hui)公(gong)被(bei)秦(qin)伯所纳,既而(er)(er)背(bei)秦(qin),秦(qin)伯伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),战於(wu)(wu)(wu)韩,被(bei)秦(qin)所获,命其(qi)大夫(fu)归立其(qi)子圉(yu)为(wei)(wei)君,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卜(bu)副(fu)贰(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子圉(yu)今为(wei)(wei)君。
子云:“礼之先币帛也,欲民之先事而后禄也。此礼,谓所执之贽以见者也。既相见,乃奉币帛以修好也。或云:礼之先辞而后币帛。
○贽音至。见,贤遍反。好,呼报反。先财而后礼则民利,财,币帛也。利,犹贪也。无辞而行情则民争,辞,辞让也。情主利欲也。故君子於有馈者弗能见,则不视其馈。馈,遗也。不能见,谓有疾也。不视,犹不内也。
○遗,于季反,下“遗民”同。内音纳,又如字。《易》曰:‘不耕获,不菑畬,凶。’言必先种之乃得获,若先菑乃得畬也。安有无事而取利者乎?田一岁曰“菑”,二岁曰“畬”,三岁曰“新田”。
○获,户郭反。菑,侧其反。畬音馀。以此坊民,民犹贵禄而贱行。”行犹事也,言务得其禄,不务其事。
○行,下孟反(fan),注同。
[疏]“子云”至“贱行”。
○正义曰:此一节明坊民使轻财重礼、贵行贱禄之事。
○“礼之先币帛也”,谓相见之礼先於币帛,言先行相见之礼,乃后用币帛。“欲民之先事而后禄也”者,先相见是“先事”,而后币帛是“后禄”也。
○“先财而后礼则民利”者,利,贪也。若先用财而后行礼,民则化之贪於财也。
○“无辞而行情则民争”者,辞谓辞让,言与人相见,无辞让之礼,直行己情,则有利欲,故民为争。“故君子於有馈者弗能见,则不视其馈”者,馈,遗也;视,纳也。言君子之人,於有他人馈遗己者,己若疾病不能见其所馈之人,则不纳其所馈之物也。
○“《易》曰:不耕获,不菑畬,凶”,此《易·无妄》六二爻辞。《无妄》,震下乾上。六二既在震卦,居中得位,宜合仕者,谓合事九五,被六三所隔,不得往仕,是道之不行;虽食其禄,犹不耕刈,不菑畬田,无功得物,是其凶。引之者,证贪财之事。
○注“田一”至“新田”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):案《尔雅·释地》云“田一岁(sui)曰(yue)菑”,孙炎云“始(shi)菑杀其草(cao)木”。“二(er)岁(sui)曰(yue)新田”,孙炎云“新成柔田也”。“三岁(sui)曰(yue)畬(yu)”,孙炎云“畬(yu),舒缓”。《周颂》传(chuan)亦云“三岁(sui)曰(yue)畬(yu)”。此(ci)云“三岁(sui)曰(yue)新田”者,误也。
子云:“君子不尽利,以遗民。不与民争利也。《诗》云:‘彼有遗秉,此有不敛穧,伊寡妇之利。’言获者之遗馀,捃拾所以为利。
○穧,子赐反,又才计反。捃,君运反。拾音十。故君子仕则不稼,田则不渔,食时不力珍。大夫不坐羊,士不坐犬。食时,谓食四时之膳也。力,犹务也。天子、诸侯有秩膳,古者杀牲食其肉,坐其皮。不坐犬羊,是不无故杀之。《诗》云:‘采葑采菲,无以下体。德音莫违,及尔同死。’葑,蔓菁也,陈、朱之间谓之“葑”。菲,{艹富}类也。下体,谓其根也。采葑菲之菜者,采其叶而可食,无以其根美则并取之,苦则弃之。并取之,是尽利也。此诗故亲、今疏者,言人之交,当如采葑采菲,取一善而已。君子不求备於一人,能如此,则德美之音不离令名,我原与女同死矣。《论语》曰:“故旧无大故,则不弃也。”
○葑,芳(fang)容反(fan)(fan)(fan)。菲(fei),芳(fang)尾反(fan)(fan)(fan)。蔓(man)音万,徐音蛮。菁音精,又子丁反(fan)(fan)(fan)。{艹富}音富,又音福。并(bing),必政(zheng)反(fan)(fan)(fan),又如(ru)字,下(xia)同。离,力智反(fan)(fan)(fan)。女(nv)音汝。以此(ci)坊民,民犹忘义而争(zheng)利,以亡其(qi)身。”
[疏]“子云”至“其身”。
○正义曰:此一节明贵义轻利以坊民之事也。
○“不尽利以遗民”者,言君子不尽竭其利,当以馀利遗与民也。
○“《诗》云:彼有遗秉,此有不敛穧,伊寡妇之利”者,此《诗富·小雅·大田》之篇,剌幽王之诗。言幽王无道,矜寡不能自存,故陈明王之时,阴阳和调,年岁丰稔,田稼既多,获刈促遽,彼处有遗秉把,此处有不敛之穧束,与寡妇捃拾以为利。引之者,证以利遗民者也。
○“食时不力珍”者,力,务也。言人君食四时之膳,不更用力务求珍羞。
○“大夫不坐羊,士不坐犬”者,言大夫无故不得杀羊坐其皮,士无故不得杀犬坐其皮,皆谓不贪其利以厚已也。
○“《诗》云:采葑采菲,无以下体”者,此《诗·邶风·谷风》之篇,妇人怨夫弃己,故以此言恨之。言采其葑菲之菜,无以下体根茎之恶并弃其叶。言取妻之时,无以花落色衰并弃其夫妇之礼。
○“德音莫违,及尔同死”者,如此则道德音声无相乖违,则可与汝同至於死。《诗》之文义,其理如此。今此《记》者引《诗》断章为义,凡有二意:一则云采此葑菲之菜,但采其叶,无得并采其下体之根茎,言根茎虽美,不可并取,则是不尽取其利,当遗与於下。二则云采其葑菲之菜,无以下体之恶并弃其叶,据下体有苦恶之时,言交友之道,无以一处之恶并弃其遗事之善。如此则德音莫违,与汝同至於死作《记》者据其根善,则无得并取其根,无尽利也;据其根恶,则无得并弃其叶,不求备也。
○注云“葑蔓”至“弃也”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰:案《诗(shi)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“葑(feng),须(xu)也。”《尔(er)雅·释草(cao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“须(xu),葑(feng)苁(cong)。”陆(lu)机云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“又谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苁(cong),吴人谓(wei)葑(feng)苁(cong)‘蔓菁’,幽州(zhou)人或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芥。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“芥,{艹(cao)富(fu)}类(lei)”者(zhe)(zhe),《释草(cao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“菲(fei),蒠菜(cai)。”郭景纯云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“菲(fei)草(cao)生下湿(shi)地,似芜菁,华紫赤色,可(ke)(ke)食。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“采(cai)葑(feng)菲(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菜(cai)者(zhe)(zhe),采(cai)其叶而(er)可(ke)(ke)食,无以(yi)(yi)(yi)其根(gen)美则(ze)(ze)(ze)并取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),苦(ku)则(ze)(ze)(ze)弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。并取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)尽(jin)利也”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)注解(jie)此(ci)(ci)(ci)《记(ji)》所(suo)引,本明无尽(jin)利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)“德音莫违,及尔(er)同死(si)”当解(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)上无尽(jin)利於民,则(ze)(ze)(ze)道(dao)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音无有乖(guai)违,民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及君可(ke)(ke)同至於死(si)。今郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下所(suo)注,更别主一义(yi)(yi),与《记(ji)》意稍乖(guai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)故(gu)亲、今疏(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)别解(jie)《诗(shi)》义(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)注《记(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,未见《毛传》,不(bu)知夫妇相(xiang)怨,谓(wei)交(jiao)友(you)相(xiang)於,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)亲、今疏(shu)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“采(cai)葑(feng)采(cai)菲(fei),取(qu)(qu)一善而(er)已(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)根(gen)恶,但取(qu)(qu)叶处一善而(er)已(yi)(yi),不(bu)弃其根(gen)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君子不(bu)求(qiu)备於一人”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)一人身上既(ji)有善处亦有恶处,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)恶处并弃其善也。《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“故(gu)旧(jiu)无大(da)故(gu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)弃也。”郑(zheng)(zheng)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)交(jiao)友(you)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)小恶而(er)相(xiang)弃。郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)注前释正合《记(ji)》文,郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)释不(bu)知何意如此(ci)(ci)(ci),今所(suo)未详。
子云:“夫礼,坊民所淫,章民之别,使民无嫌,以为民纪者也。淫,犹贪也。章,明也。嫌,嫌疑也。故男女无媒不交,无币不相见,恐男女之无别也。重男女之会,所以远别之於禽兽也。有币者必有媒,有媒者不必有币。仲春之月,会男女之时,不必待币。
○媒音梅,注同。以此坊民,民犹有自献其身。献犹进也。《诗》云:‘伐柯如之何?匪斧不克。取妻如之何?匪媒不得。艺麻如之何?横从其亩。取妻如之何?必告父母。’”伐柯,代木以为柯也。克,能也。艺,犹树也。横从,横行治其田也。言取妻之法,必有媒,如伐柯之必须斧也;取妻之道必告父母,如树麻当先易治其田。
○柯,古何反,斧(fu)柄(bing)。取,七树(shu)反,后皆同。从,子(zi)容反,注同。横(heng)行治其田(tian),本亦作“游行治其田(tian)”。易,以豉反。
[疏]“子云”至“父母”。
○正义曰:自此以下终於篇未,总坊男女奔淫之事,夫妇重慎之义也。此节明男女非媒非币不相交见。
○“夫礼,坊民所淫”者,淫,贪也。言礼者,坊民所贪欲之事,知非直是坊民淫泆,而云“贪”者,以文云“所淫”,称“所”,是“所贪”也。若其淫泆,则当云“坊民淫”,不须云“所”也。
○“章民之别”者,章,明也。明民之男女,令相分别,使民无嫌。
○“以为民纪者也”,谓使民无色欲之嫌疑以为民之纲纪也。
○“民犹有自献其身”,谓民之女人犹有自进其身以求男者也。
○“《诗》云:代柯如之何,匪斧不克”者,此《诗·齐风·南山》之篇,剌齐襄公与妹文姜奸淫之事。
○“艺(yi)麻(ma)如之何(he)(he),横从其亩”者(zhe),艺(yi),种也;横,行也。言(yan)将种麻(ma)如之何(he)(he),必须横行耕治其田,然后得麻(ma)。
子云:“取妻不取同姓,以厚别也。厚,犹远也。
○不取,如字,又七树反。故买妾不知其姓,则卜之。妾言“买”者,以其贱,同之於众物也。士庶之妾,恒多凡庸,有不知其姓者。以此坊民,《鲁春秋》犹去夫人之姓,曰‘吴’其死,曰‘孟子卒’。”吴,大伯之后,鲁同姓也。昭公取焉,去“姬”曰“吴”而已,至其死,亦略云“孟子卒”,不书夫人某氏薨。“孟子”盖其且字。
○去(qu),起吕反,注同。大音泰。
[疏]“子云”至“子卒”。
○正义曰:此一节坊民取同姓为妻之事。
○“买妾不知其姓,则卜之”者,妾既卑贱,不可尽知其所生本姓,但避其凶害,唯卜其姓,吉乃取之。
○“《鲁春秋》犹去夫人之姓曰吴”者,依《春秋》之例,如夫人齐女,即云“姜氏至自齐”。以例言之,此吴女亦当云“夫人姬氏至自吴”,鲁则讳其姬姓,而不称夫人姬氏至自吴,是“去夫人之姓,曰吴”也。但《春秋》经文不载其事,其春秋简牍杂记则有之,故《论语》云:“谓之吴孟子。”是当时之言,有称“吴”也。
○“其死,曰孟子卒”者,哀十二年称“孟子卒”。若其不讳,当云“夫人姬氏薨”,以讳取同姓,而云“孟子卒”。孟子是夫人之且字。没其氏,书其且字,又没其薨而略言“卒”而已,皆为同姓讳之。郑与何休皆以讳取同姓,而书“卒”;《左氏》则以不成丧,故称“卒”,与郑、何异也。
○注“孟子”至“且字”。
○正义曰(yue):若(ruo)既笄而(er)字(zi)(zi),当云伯(bo)叔季(ji),若(ruo)伯(bo)姬、季(ji)姬。今云孟子,故知“且字(zi)(zi)”也。
子云:“礼,非祭,男女不交爵。交爵,谓相献酢。以此坊民,阳侯犹杀缪侯而窃其夫人,同姓也,以贪夫人之色,至杀君而立。其国未闻。
○杀音试,注同,一音如字。缪音穆。故大飨废夫人之礼。”大飨,飨诸侯来朝者也。夫人之礼,使人摄。
○朝,直遥反。
[疏]“子云”至“之礼”。
○正义曰:此一节坊男女非因祭祀不得相集会也。
○“非祭,男女不交爵”者,言唯祭之时乃得交爵。故《特牲馈食礼》云“主妇献尸,尸酢主妇”,是交爵也。
○“故大飨废夫人之礼”者,以大飨之时,夫人与咀墁飨於宾。是缪侯及夫人共出飨宾,阳侯是缪侯同姓之国,见缪侯夫人之美,乃杀缪侯,而取其夫人,又篡其国而自立。故大飨废夫人之礼,不使夫人得预其礼也。以此言之,则阳侯以前大飨,夫人出飨邻国之君,得有男女交爵。此云“非祭,男女不交爵”者,谓侯、伯、子、男及卿、大夫、士祭及交爵。若王於上公及上公相飨时,后与夫人亦男女交爵与祼同也。故《大行人》云“上公之礼王,礼再祼而酢”是也。
○注“同姓”至“未闻”。
○正义曰:言“同(tong)姓(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe),则上文云(yun)“君不与(yu)同(tong)姓(xing)同(tong)车”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其(qi)国未闻(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe),唯有阳(yang)侯、缪(mou)侯是(shi)两君之(zhi)谥,未闻(wen)何国君,故(gu)云(yun)“未闻(wen)”。又案:王(wang)(wang)飨(xiang)诸(zhu)侯及诸(zhu)侯自(zi)相飨(xiang),同(tong)姓(xing)则后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)夫人(ren)亲献(xian),异姓(xing)则使(shi)人(ren)摄献(xian),则缪(mou)侯所(suo)飨(xiang),盖同(tong)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)王(wang)(wang)於同(tong)姓(xing),虽为(wei)侯伯(bo),车服与(yu)上公(gong)同(tong),上公(gong)既再祼(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),与(yu)王(wang)(wang)俱祼(guan)(guan)(guan),则上公(gong)相於与(yu)王(wang)(wang)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)同(tong)姓(xing)上公(gong),则后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)与(yu)夫人(ren)亲祼(guan)(guan)(guan)献(xian)拜送也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)异姓(xing)上公(gong),使(shi)人(ren)摄祼(guan)(guan)(guan),故(gu)《宗伯(bo)职》云(yun)“大(da)宾(bin)客(ke)则摄而(er)载(zai)祼(guan)(guan)(guan)”,谓异姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)。《内宰职》云(yun):“凡宾(bin)客(ke)之(zhi)祼(guan)(guan)(guan)献(xian)瑶爵皆(jie)赞。”注云(yun)“谓王(wang)(wang)同(tong)姓(xing)及二王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)来朝觐王(wang)(wang)”,以郁(yu)鬯礼(li)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以瑶爵亚(ya)献(xian),谓同(tong)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)。自(zi)阳(yang)侯杀缪(mou)侯后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)夫人(ren)献(xian)礼(li)遂废,并使(shi)人(ren)摄也(ye)(ye)。
子云:“寡妇之子,不有见焉,则弗友也,君子以辟远也。有见,谓睹其才艺也。同志为“友”。
○见,贤遍反,注及下同。辟。音避。远,于万反,下“远色”同。故朋友之交,主人不在,不有大故则不入其门。大故,丧病。以此坊民,民犹以色厚於德。”子云:“好德如好色,此句似不足,《论语》曰“未见好德如好色”,疾时人厚於色之甚,而薄於德也。
○好,呼报反,下及注同。诸侯不下渔色,谓不内取於国中也。内取国中为“下渔色”。昏礼始纳采,谓采择其可者也。国君而内取,象捕鱼然,中网取之,是无所择。
○捕,蒲布反。中网,丁仲反。故君子远色,以为民纪。故男女授受不亲,不亲者,不以手相与也。《内则》曰:“非祭非丧,不相授器。其相授,则女受以篚。其无篚,则皆坐奠之,而后取之。”
○篚音匪。御妇人则进左手,御者在右,前左手,则身微背之。姑、姊妹、女子已嫁而反,男子不与同席而坐。女子十年而不出也,嫁及成人,可以出矣,犹不与男子共席而坐,远别。寡妇不夜哭,嫌思人道。妇人疾,问之,不问其疾。嫌媚,略之也,问增损而已。以此坊民,民犹淫泆而乱於族。”乱族,犯非妃匹也。
○泆音逸,本又(you)作“佚(yi)”,同(tong)。妃匹(pi),音配,一音如字。
[疏]“子云”至“於族”。
○正义曰:此一节更申明男女相远,又坊人同姓淫泆之事。
○“诸侯不下渔色”,渔色,谓渔人取鱼,中网者皆取之。譬如取美色,中意者皆取之,若渔人求鱼,故云“渔色”。诸侯当外取,不得下向国中取卿、大夫、士之女。若下向内取国中,似渔人之求鱼无所择,故云“不下渔色”。
○“御妇人则进左手”者,以御者之礼,妇人於车上左厢,御者在妇人之右,“进左手”谓左手在前,转身向右,微偝妇人。
○“妇人疾(ji),问(wen)(wen)之,不(bu)(bu)(bu)问(wen)(wen)其疾(ji)”者(zhe),谓不(bu)(bu)(bu)问(wen)(wen)其疾(ji)所(suo)委(wei)曲(qu)(qu),若(ruo)问(wen)(wen)其委(wei)曲(qu)(qu),嫌(xian)似媚,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)丁宁,但略(lve)问(wen)(wen)增损(sun)而已。
子云:“昏礼,婿亲迎,见於舅姑,舅姑承子以授婿,恐事之违也。舅姑,妻之父母也。妻之父为外舅,妻之母为外姑。父戒女曰“夙夜无违命”,母戒女曰“毋违宫事”。
○迎,鱼敬反。以此坊民妇,犹有不至者。”不至,不亲夫以孝舅姑也。《春秋》成公九年春二月,伯姬归於宋,夏五月季孙行父如宋致女,是时宋共公不亲迎,恐其有违而致之也。
○父音甫。
[疏]“子云”至“至者”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):“见(jian)於(wu)舅姑,舅姑承子以授婿”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)亲(qin)迎之时,婿见(jian)於(wu)舅姑。舅姑谓(wei)(wei)妇之父(fu)母也。妇之父(fu)母承奉女(nv)(nv)子以付(fu)授於(wu)婿,则昏礼父(fu)戒女(nv)(nv)曰(yue)“夙(su)夜无违(wei)命”,母戒女(nv)(nv)曰(yue)“毋违(wei)宫事”是也。“恐(kong)事之违(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)恐(kong)此女(nv)(nv)人於(wu)昏事乖违(wei),故(gu)亲(qin)以女(nv)(nv)授婿也。