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孝经注疏卷一 开宗明义章第一在线阅读

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卷(juan)一(yi) 开宗明(ming)义章第一(yi)

  [疏]正义(yi)曰(yue):开(kai),张也(ye)(ye)。宗,本也(ye)(ye)。明(ming),显也(ye)(ye)。义(yi),理(li)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)此(ci)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)开(kai)张一(yi)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗本,显明(ming)五孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)理(li),故曰(yue)《开(kai)宗明(ming)义(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》也(ye)(ye)。第(di),次也(ye)(ye)。一(yi),数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)此(ci)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)总(zong)标,诸(zhu)(zhu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)次结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故为第(di)一(yi),冠诸(zhu)(zhu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首焉(yan)(yan)。案(an)《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》遭秦坑焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),为河间颜芝(zhi)所(suo)藏,初除(chu)挟书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv),芝(zhi)子(zi)(zi)贞(zhen)始(shi)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。长孙氏及(ji)江翁(weng)、后(hou)(hou)仓、翼奉、张禹等所(suo)说皆(jie)十八(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。及(ji)鲁恭王坏孔子(zi)(zi)宅,得古文(wen)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),孔安国作传。刘向校经(jing)籍,比量二(er)(er)本,除(chu)其烦惑(huo),以(yi)十八(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)为定,而不列(lie)名(ming)(ming)。又有(you)(you)(you)荀(xun)昶集(ji)其录及(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)家疏,并无(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)(ming),而《援神契》自《天(tian)子(zi)(zi)》至《庶人(ren)》五章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),唯皇(huang)侃标其目(mu)而冠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)首。今郑注见章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)(ming),岂先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)改除(chu),近人(ren)追(zhui)远而为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)?御注依古今集(ji)详议,儒官连状题(ti)其章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)(ming),重加商(shang)量,遂依所(suo)请。“章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe),明(ming)也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)分(fen)析(xi)科(ke)(ke)段(duan),使理(li)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)明(ming)。《说文(wen)》曰(yue):“乐歌竟(jing)为一(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)字从音,从十。”谓(wei)从一(yi)至十,十,数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)终。诸(zhu)(zhu)书言(yan)(yan)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe),盖因(yin)《风》、《雅》,凡有(you)(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)段(duan),皆(jie)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)焉(yan)(yan)。言(yan)(yan)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)、庶人(ren)虽列(lie)贵(gui)(gui)贱,而立身行(xing)(xing)道(dao),无(wu)限高卑。故次首章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)先(xian)陈天(tian)子(zi)(zi),等差其贵(gui)(gui)贱以(yi)至庶人(ren),次及(ji)《三才(cai)》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)治》、《圣治》三章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),并叙(xu)德(de)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由生也(ye)(ye)。《纪孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行(xing)(xing)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》叙(xu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)(zi)事亲(qin)为先(xian),与五刑相(xiang)(xiang)因(yin),即(ji)夫孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)始(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事亲(qin)也(ye)(ye)。《广(guang)要道(dao)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》、《广(guang)扬名(ming)(ming)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》即(ji)先(xian)王有(you)(you)(you)至德(de)要道(dao),扬名(ming)(ming)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)世也(ye)(ye)。扬名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,因(yin)谏争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,从谏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,必有(you)(you)(you)应感(gan)。三章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)相(xiang)(xiang)次,不离於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)扬名(ming)(ming)。《事君章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》即(ji)忠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事君也(ye)(ye)。《丧亲(qin)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》继於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,言(yan)(yan)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)(zi)事亲(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)纪也(ye)(ye)。皇(huang)侃以(yi)《开(kai)宗》及(ji)《纪孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行(xing)(xing)》、《丧亲(qin)》等三章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)通於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)贵(gui)(gui)贱。今案(an)《谏争(zheng)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》大夫已上皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)争(zheng)臣,而士有(you)(you)(you)争(zheng)友(you),父(fu)有(you)(you)(you)争(zheng)子(zi)(zi),亦该贵(gui)(gui)贱。则通於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)贵(gui)(gui)贱者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)四焉(yan)(yan)。

仲尼居,仲尼,孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)字。居,谓闲(xian)居。曾子(zi)(zi)侍,曾子(zi)(zi),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)。侍,谓侍坐。

[疏]仲尼居,曾子侍。正义曰:夫子以六经设教,随事表名。虽道由孝生,而孝纲未举,将欲开明其道,垂之来裔。以曾参之孝,先有重名,乃假因閒居,为之陈说。自摽已字,称“仲尼居”;呼参为子,称“曾子侍”。建此两句,以起师资问答之体,似若别有承受而记录之。
  ○注仲尼至閒居。
  ○正义曰:云“仲尼,孔子字”者,案《家语》云:“孔子父叔梁纥,娶颜氏之女徵在。徵在既往庙见,以夫年长,惧不时有男,而私祷尼丘山以祈焉。孔子故名丘,字仲尼。夫伯仲者,长幼之次也。仲尼有兄字伯,故曰仲。”其名则案桓六年《左传》:“申繻曰:名有五,其三曰以类命为象。”杜注云:“若孔子首象尼丘,盖以孔子生而圩顶,象尼丘山,故名丘,字仲尼。”而刘瓛述张禹之义,以为仲者中也,尼者和也。言孔子有中和之德,故曰仲尼。殷仲文又云:“失子深敬孝道,故称表德之字。”及梁武帝又以丘为聚,以尼为和。今并不取。仲尼之先,殷之后也。案《史记·殷本纪》曰:“帝喾之子契为尧司徒,有功,尧封之於商,赐姓子氏。契后世孙汤灭夏而为天子,至汤裔孙有位无道。周武王杀之,封其庶兄微子启於宋。”案《家语》又《孔子世家》皆云:“孔子其先宋人也。宋襄公有子弗父何,长而当立,让其弟厉公。何生宋父周,周生世子胜,胜生正考父,正考父受命为宋卿,生孔父嘉。嘉别为公族,故其后以孔为氏。”或以为用乙配子,或以滴溜穿石,其言不经,今不取也。孔父嘉生木金父,木金父生皋夷父,皋夷父生防叔,避华氏之祸而奔鲁。防叔生伯夏,伯夏生叔梁纥,纥生孔子也。云“居,谓閒居”者,《古文孝经》云“仲尼閒居”,盖为乘閒居而坐,与《论语》云“居!吾语汝”义同,而与下章“居则致其敬”不同。
  ○注曾子至侍坐。
  ○正义(yi)曰:云(yun)“曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi),孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)”者,案《史记·仲尼弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)传》称:“曾(ceng)参,南武城人,字(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)舆,少孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)四十六岁。孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)以为能通孝(xiao)道,故(gu)(gu)授之业,作《孝(xiao)经》,死(si)於(wu)(wu)鲁。”故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是仲尼弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“侍(shi)(shi),谓侍(shi)(shi)坐”者,言(yan)侍(shi)(shi)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)坐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案古文云(yun)“曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)侍(shi)(shi)坐”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)侍(shi)(shi)谓侍(shi)(shi)坐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。卑者在尊(zun)侧曰侍(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)经谓之侍(shi)(shi)。凡侍(shi)(shi)有(you)坐有(you)立(li),此曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)侍(shi)(shi)即侍(shi)(shi)坐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《曲(qu)礼》有(you)侍(shi)(shi)坐於(wu)(wu)先生,侍(shi)(shi)坐於(wu)(wu)所(suo)尊(zun),侍(shi)(shi)坐於(wu)(wu)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)。据此而(er)言(yan),明侍(shi)(shi)坐於(wu)(wu)夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

子曰(yue):“先王有至(zhi)德要(yao)道,以(yi)顺天下(xia)(xia),民用(yong)和(he)睦,上下(xia)(xia)无(wu)怨。孝(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe),德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)、道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)也(ye)。言先代圣(sheng)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,能顺天下(xia)(xia)人心(xin),行(xing)此(ci)至(zhi)要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,则上下(xia)(xia)臣(chen)人,和(he)睦无(wu)怨。汝知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?”曾(ceng)子避席(xi)曰(yue):“参不(bu)敏(min)(min),何足以(yi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”参,曾(ceng)子名也(ye)。礼(li):师有问,避席(xi)起答。敏(min)(min),达也(ye)。言参不(bu)达,何足知此(ci)至(zhi)要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义?子曰(yue):“夫孝(xiao)(xiao),德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye),人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)莫(mo)大於孝(xiao)(xiao),故为德本。教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由生(sheng)也(ye)。言教(jiao)(jiao)从孝(xiao)(xiao)而生(sheng)。复坐(zuo),吾语(yu)汝。曾(ceng)参起对,故使复坐(zuo)。

[疏]子曰至语汝。
  ○正义曰:“子”者,孔子自谓。案《公羊传》云:“子者,男子通称也。”古者谓师为子,故夫子以子自称。“曰”者,辞也。言先代圣帝明王,皆行至美之德、要约之道,以顺天下人心而教化之,天下之人,被服其教。用此之故,并自相和睦,上下尊卑,无相怨者。参,汝能知之乎?又假言参闻夫子之说,乃避所居之席,起而对曰:参性不聪敏,何足以知先王至德要道之言义?既叙曾子不知,夫子又为释之曰:夫孝,德行之根本也。释“先王有至德要道”。谓至德要道,元出於孝,孝为之本也。云“教之所生也”者,此释“以顺天下,民用和睦,上下无怨”。谓王教由孝而生也。孝道深广,非立可终,故使“复坐,吾语汝”也。
  ○注孝者至无怨。
  ○正义曰:云“孝者,德之至,道之要也”者,依王肃义,德以孝而至,道以孝而要,是道德不离於孝。殷仲文曰:“穷理之至,以一管众为要。”刘炫曰:“性未达,何足知?”言性未达,何足知至要之义者,谓自云性不达,何足知此先王至德要道之义也。
  ○注人之至德本。
  ○正义曰:此依郑注引其《圣治章》文也,言孝行最大,故为德之本也。德则至德也。
  ○注言教从孝而生。
  ○正义曰:此依韦注也。案《礼记·祭义》称曾子云:“众之本教曰孝。”《尚书》:“敬敷五教。”解者谓教父以义,教母以慈,教兄以友,教弟以恭,教子以孝。举此,则其余顺人之教皆可知也。
  ○注曾(ceng)参至复坐正义(yi)曰:此义(yi)已见(jian)於上(shang)。

身体(ti)发肤,受之(zhi)父(fu)母,不(bu)敢毁伤(shang),孝(xiao)之(zhi)始也。父(fu)母全而生(sheng)之(zhi),已(yi)当全而归之(zhi),故(gu)不(bu)敢毁伤(shang)。立身行道,扬(yang)名(ming)於后(hou)世(shi),以显父(fu)母,孝(xiao)之(zhi)终也。言能立身行此孝(xiao)道,自然名(ming)扬(yang)后(hou)世(shi),光显其亲,故(gu)行孝(xiao)以不(bu)毁为先,扬(yang)名(ming)为后(hou)。

[疏]身体至终也。
  ○正义曰:身谓躬也,体谓四支也,发谓毛发,肤谓皮肤。《礼运》曰:“四体既正,肤革充盈。”《诗》曰:“鬓发如云。”此则身体发肤之谓也。言为人子者,常须戒慎,战战兢兢,恐致毁伤,此行孝之始也。又言孝行非唯不毁而已,须成立其身,使善名扬於后代,以光荣其父母,此孝行之终也。若行孝道,不至扬名荣亲,则未得为立身也。
  ○注父母至毁伤。
  ○正义曰:云“父母全而生之,已当全而归之”者,此依郑注引《祭义》乐正子春之言也。言子之初生,受全体於父母,故当常自念虑,至死全而归之,若曾子“启手启足”之类是也。云“故不敢毁伤”者,毁谓亏辱,伤谓损伤。故夫子云:“不亏其体,不辱其身,可谓全矣。”及郑注《周礼》“禁杀戮”云“见血为伤”是也。
  ○注言(yan)能(neng)至其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。正义曰(yue):云“能(neng)言(yan)立身(shen)(shen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓人将立其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen),先须行(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)之事(shi),则(ze)下文(wen)“始(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)事(shi)亲,中於(wu)事(shi)君”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“自然名扬(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世,光荣(rong)其(qi)(qi)亲”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皇侃云:“若生(sheng)能(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),没而扬(yang)名,则(ze)身(shen)(shen)有(you)德誉,乃(nai)能(neng)光荣(rong)其(qi)(qi)父母也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”因引(yin)《祭义》曰(yue):“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),国人称原然,曰(yue):幸哉(zai)!有(you)子如此(ci)。”又引(yin)《哀公问(wen)》称孔子对曰(yue):“君子也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人之成名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。百姓归之名,谓之君子之子。是(shi)使其(qi)(qi)亲为(wei)君子也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)则(ze)扬(yang)名荣(rong)亲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“故行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以不毁(hui)(hui)为(wei)先”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),全其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)为(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子之始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“扬(yang)名为(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)为(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫不敢毁(hui)(hui)伤(shang),阖棺乃(nai)止,立身(shen)(shen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao),弱冠须明(ming)(ming)经。虽(sui)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此(ci)略(lve)示有(you)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),非谓不敢毁(hui)(hui)伤(shang)唯在(zai)於(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi),立身(shen)(shen)独在(zai)於(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)不敢毁(hui)(hui)伤(shang),立身(shen)(shen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao),从始(shi)(shi)(shi)至末(mo),两(liang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)无怠。此(ci)於(wu)次有(you)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),非於(wu)事(shi)理有(you)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

夫孝始於事亲(qin),中於事君(jun),终(zhong)於立身。言行孝以事亲(qin)为(wei)(wei)始,事君(jun)为(wei)(wei)中。忠孝道著(zhu),乃能扬(yang)名荣亲(qin),故曰(yue)终(zhong)於立身也。

[疏]夫孝至立身。
  ○正义曰:夫为人子者,先能全身而后能行其道也。夫行道者,谓先能事亲而后能立其身。前言立身,末示其迹。其迹,始者在於内事其亲也;中者在於出事其主;忠孝皆备,扬名荣亲,是终於立身也。
  ○注言行至身也。
  ○正义曰(yue):云“言(yan)行孝以(yi)(yi)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)始,事(shi)君为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),此释始於(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin),中(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)君也(ye)。云“忠孝道著,乃能(neng)(neng)扬名荣(rong)亲(qin)(qin),故曰(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)立(li)身(shen)(shen)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此释终(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)立(li)身(shen)(shen)也(ye)。然能(neng)(neng)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)事(shi)君,理兼士庶,则终(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)立(li)身(shen)(shen),此通贵贱焉。郑玄以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)“父(fu)母(mu)生(sheng)之,是(shi)事(shi)亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)始。四十(shi)强而(er)仕(shi)(shi),是(shi)事(shi)君为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)。七十(shi)致仕(shi)(shi),是(shi)立(li)身(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),刘炫驳(bo)云:“若以(yi)(yi)始为(wei)(wei)在家,终(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)致仕(shi)(shi),则兆庶皆(jie)能(neng)(neng)有始,人君所以(yi)(yi)无(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)。若以(yi)(yi)年七十(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)始为(wei)(wei)孝终(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)致仕(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)立(li),则中(zhong)(zhong)寿(shou)之辈尽曰(yue)不(bu)终(zhong)(zhong),颜子之流亦无(wu)所立(li)矣。”

《大(da)雅》云(yun):‘无念(nian)(nian)尔祖,聿脩(xiu)厥(jue)德。’《诗(shi)·大(da)雅》也(ye)(ye)。无念(nian)(nian),念(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。聿,述也(ye)(ye)。厥(jue),其也(ye)(ye)。义取恒(heng)念(nian)(nian)先祖,述脩(xiu)其德。

[疏]大雅至厥德。
  ○正义曰:夫子叙述立身行道扬名之义既毕,乃引《大雅·文王》之诗以结之。言凡为人子孙者,常念尔之先祖,常述修其功德也。
  ○注诗大至其德。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:云“无念,念也(ye)(ye)”,“聿,述(shu)也(ye)(ye)”,此并(bing)《毛(mao)传》文;“厥(jue),其(qi)也(ye)(ye)”,《释言(yan)》文。云“义取(qu)常念先(xian)祖(zu),述(shu)脩其(qi)德(de)”者,此依(yi)孔传也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)述(shu)修先(xian)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)而行之(zhi)(zhi)。此经有十一章引(yin)《诗(shi)》及《书》。刘炫云:“夫子叙(xu)经,申述(shu)先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。《诗(shi)》、《书》之(zhi)(zhi)语(yu),事有当其(qi)义者,则(ze)引(yin)而证之(zhi)(zhi),示言(yan)不虚(xu)发(fa)也(ye)(ye)。七章不引(yin)者,或事义相(xiang)违,或文势自足,则(ze)不引(yin)也(ye)(ye)。五经唯(wei)《传》引(yin)《诗(shi)》,而《礼》则(ze)杂引(yin),《诗(shi)》、《书》及《易》并(bing)意及则(ze)引(yin)。若泛指(zhi),则(ze)云‘《诗(shi)》曰’、‘《诗(shi)》云’;若指(zhi)四始之(zhi)(zhi)名,即(ji)云《国(guo)风(feng)》、《大雅》、《小雅》、《鲁颂》、《商(shang)颂》;若指(zhi)篇名,即(ji)言(yan)‘《勺》曰’、‘《武》曰’:皆随所便而引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi),无定例也(ye)(ye)。”郑注云:“雅者,正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。方始发(fa)章,以正(zheng)为始。”亦无取(qu)焉。

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