●卷四
◎天官冢(zhong)宰第一(yi)
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○陆德(de)明《音义》曰:“本或作‘冢宰上(shang)’,非(fei),馀卷放此。”)
[疏]“天官冢宰”。郑《目录》云:“象天所立之官。冢,大也。宰者,官也。天者统理万物,天子立冢宰使掌邦治,亦所以总御众官,使不失职。不言司者,大宰总御众官,不主一官之事也。”
○释曰:郑云“象天”者,周天有三百六十馀度,天官亦总摄三百六十官,故云“象天”也。云“官”者,亦是管摄为号,故题曰“天官”也。郑又云“冢,大。宰,官也”者,下注对大宰则云“冢者,大之上”,此不对大宰,故云“冢,大也”。“宰”者,调和膳羞之名,此冢宰亦能调和众官,故号大宰之官。郑又云“不言司者,大宰总御众官,不主一官之事”者,此官不言司,对司徒、司马、司寇、司空皆云司,以其各主一官,不兼群职,故言司。此天官则兼摄群职,故不言司也。若然,则春官亦不言司者,以其祭祀鬼神,鬼神非人所主,故亦不言司也。其地官,郑云“象地所立之官”。彼言“象地”,实主地事;此天官言“天”,直取总摄为言,全无天事。天事并入於春官者,言象天自取总摄为名,象地自取掌物为号,各取一边为义理,无嫌也。
○“第一(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),“第”,次(ci)也(ye),“一(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),数之始也(ye)。次(ci)第之中处一(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)第一(yi)(yi)也(ye)。郑氏者(zhe)(zhe),汉大司农,北海郡(jun)郑玄之孙,名玄,字康成。“注”者(zhe)(zhe),於经(jing)之下自注己(ji)意,使经(jing)义可申(shen),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“注”也(ye)。孔君、王肃之等则(ze)言“传(chuan)”,“传(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe),使可传(chuan)述。若然,或云(yun)“注”、或言“传(chuan)”不同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),立意有异,无(wu)义例(li)也(ye)。
惟王建国,(建,立也。周公居摄而作六典之职,谓之《周礼》。营邑於土中。七年,致政成王,以此礼授之,使居雒邑,治天下。《司徒职》曰:“日至之景,尺有五寸,谓之地中,天地之所合也,四时之所交也,风雨之所会也,阴阳之所和也,然则百物阜安,乃建王国焉。”
○王如字,干宝云(yun):“王,天(tian)子之号,三代所称(cheng)。”雒(luo),音洛,水名也,本作洛,後汉都洛之阳,改为雒(luo)。景,京领反,下皆同(tong)。)
[疏]“惟王建国”
○释曰:自此以下至“以为民极”五句,六官之首同此序者,以其建国设官为民不异故也。王者临统无边,故首称“惟王”,明事皆统之於王。王既位矣,当择吉土以建国为先,故次言“建国”。於中辩四方、正宫庙之位,复体国经野,自近及远也。於是设官分职,助理天工,众人取中以为治体,列文先後次第应然。其实建国之初,岂未设官分职也?直以作序之意,主在设官分职,为民极耳,故终言之。“惟王建国”者,言“惟”,谓若《尚书》云“惟三月”之类,皆辞,不为义。建,立也。惟受命之王乃可立国城於地之中。必居地中者,案《尚书·康诰》云:“惟三月哉生魄,周公初基,作新大邑于东国洛。”郑注云:“岐、镐之域,处五岳之外,周公为其於政不均,故东行於洛邑,合诸侯,谋作天子之居。”据郑此言,则文、武所居,为非地中,政教不均,故居地中也。案:桓二年《左氏传》云“昔武王克商,迁九鼎於洛邑”,则居洛本是武王之意。至成王、周公时,恐天下为疑,更与诸侯谋定之也。若然,五帝以降,尧治平阳,舜治安邑,唯汤居亳得地中以外,皆不得地中,而政令均、天下治者,其时虽不得地中,并在五岳之内,又以民淳易治,故不要在地中。以周则不在五岳之内,故郑云“岐、镐处五岳之外”也。
○注“建立”至“国焉”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)公居(ju)摄而作(zuo)(zuo)六(liu)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记·明堂位》云(yun)(yun)(yun):周(zhou)(zhou)公摄政(zheng)(zheng)六(liu)年(nian),制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐,颁度量於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)下(xia)。又(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)《书传》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun):“六(liu)年(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐”,所制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)此(ci)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“而作(zuo)(zuo)六(liu)典(dian)”者(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文大宰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职,掌建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)典(dian):天(tian)官(guan),治(zhi)典(dian);地(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan),教典(dian);春(chun)官(guan),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)典(dian);夏官(guan),政(zheng)(zheng)典(dian);秋(qiu)官(guan),刑(xing)典(dian);冬官(guan),事典(dian)。是(shi)(shi)六(liu)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营(ying)(ying)邑(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)中”者(zhe)(zhe),即《召诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)来绍上(shang)帝,自服於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)中”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)致政(zheng)(zheng)成王(wang)(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe),《明堂位》文。必七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)者(zhe)(zhe),《洛(luo)(luo)诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“诞保文、武受(shou)命(ming),惟(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)以文、武受(shou)命(ming)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)而崩(beng),周(zhou)(zhou)公不(bu)敢过其数也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以此(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)居(ju)雒邑(yi),治(zhi)天(tian)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑(zheng)解周(zhou)(zhou)公制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),必兼言建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。案(an)(an)(an):《尚书·洛(luo)(luo)诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)(zhou)公曰:孺子来相宅,乱(luan)为(wei)四(si)(si)方新辟”,是(shi)(shi)使(shi)居(ju)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“惠笃叙,无有遘(gou)自疾(ji)”,是(shi)(shi)授以此(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),使(shi)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)《书传》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“一年(nian)救乱(luan),二年(nian)伐殷,三年(nian)践(jian)奄,四(si)(si)年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)侯(hou)卫,五(wu)(wu)年(nian)营(ying)(ying)成周(zhou)(zhou),六(liu)年(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐,七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)致政(zheng)(zheng)成王(wang)(wang)。”郑(zheng)用(yong)此(ci)文,则(ze)四(si)(si)年(nian)封(feng)康叔於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)卫为(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)侯(hou)卫。案(an)(an)(an)《康诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)公初基,作(zuo)(zuo)新大邑(yi)洛(luo)(luo)”,谓(wei)初为(wei)基之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。至五(wu)(wu)年(nian),内(nei)营(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)以《书传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)年(nian)营(ying)(ying)成周(zhou)(zhou)”。成周(zhou)(zhou)与(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)同(tong)时营(ying)(ying),则(ze)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)营(ying)(ying)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi),与(yu)(yu)孔安(an)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)营(ying)(ying)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)、封(feng)康叔、制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐同(tong)是(shi)(shi)摄政(zheng)(zheng)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)异。又(you)(you)引《司(si)徒(tu)职》曰:“日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景尺有五(wu)(wu)寸(cun),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中。”彼(bi)先(xian)郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“土(tu)圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,尺有五(wu)(wu)寸(cun),以夏至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),立(li)八尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,其景与(yu)(yu)土(tu)圭(gui)等,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中。今颍川(chuan)阳城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)然(ran)。”“天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所合(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记·郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)合(he)万(wan)物(wu)生(sheng)谓(wei)天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)配合(he)万(wan)物(wu)以生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)(si)时交者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《尚书》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“宅南交孔云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏与(yu)(yu)春(chun)交举(ju)一隅若(ruo)然(ran)则(ze)秋(qiu)与(yu)(yu)夏交冬与(yu)(yu)春(chun)交可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“风雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所会(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记·礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“风雨(yu)时”,即谓(wei)风雨(yu)会(hui)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所和”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)昭四(si)(si)年(nian)申丰云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬无愆阳,夏无伏阴”,二气和顺也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“然(ran)则(ze)百物(wu)阜安(an)”者(zhe)(zhe),阜,盛也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)犹如是(shi)(shi),如是(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中得所,故百物(wu)盛安(an)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“乃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百物(wu)盛安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,乃立(li)王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)引此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe),破贾、马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)诸侯(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。此(ci)六(liu)官(guan)同(tong)序(xu),皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”,岂王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)未立(li),先(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)诸侯(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)乎?明不(bu)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
辨方正位,(辨,别也。郑司农云:“别四方,正君臣之位,君南面、臣北面之属。”玄谓《考工》:“匠人建国,水地以县,置{木}以县,视以景。为规识日出之景与日入之景。昼参诸日中之景,夜考之极星,以正朝夕”,是别四方。《召诰》曰:“越三日戊申,太保朝至于雒,卜宅,厥既得卜,则经营。越三日庚戌,太保乃以庶殷攻位於雒。越五日甲寅,位成。”正位谓此定宫庙。
○辨,本亦作辩,徐邈、刘(liu)昌(chang)宗(zong)皆方免反(fan)(fan)。一音(yin)平勉(mian)反(fan)(fan)。别,彼(bi)列反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。县,音(yin)玄,下(xia)同。{木},鱼列反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。召诰,上上诏反(fan)(fan),下(xia)古报反(fan)(fan)。大(da),音(yin)泰。,人锐反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“辨方正位”
○释曰:谓建国之时辨别也,先须视日景以别东、西、南、北四方,使有分别也。“正位”者,谓四方既有分别,又於中正宫室、朝廷之位,使得正也。
○注“辨别”至“宫庙”
○释曰:辨,别(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)直训不(bu)(bu)释者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)云(yun)“别(bie)四(si)方”义当矣(yi),故(gu)(gu)康(kang)成(cheng)训之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)众(zhong),字仲师。但(dan)《周礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)康(kang)成(cheng)所(suo)存注者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)家(jia)(jia):司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,又(you)有(you)杜(du)(du)子春,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)大(da)夫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)少赣(gan)。二郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)康(kang)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)官不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)名(ming)字。杜(du)(du)子春非(fei)己宗,故(gu)(gu)指(zhi)其名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)云(yun)“正(zheng)君臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei),君南面、臣(chen)北(bei)面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案:《易纬(wei)·乾凿度》云(yun):“不(bu)(bu)易者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天在(zai)(zai)上,地(di)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),君南面,臣(chen)北(bei)面,父(fu)坐子伏。”司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)据而(er)言(yan)(yan)焉。“玄(xuan)(xuan)谓”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)略一部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)若在(zai)(zai)司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)上注者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)玄(xuan)(xuan)注可(ke)知,悉(xi)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)玄(xuan)(xuan)谓。在(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)注者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即称玄(xuan)(xuan)谓,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)。又(you)在(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)前注者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)释者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)在(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)注者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或增成(cheng)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)义,则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)云(yun)“别(bie)四(si)方”,於(wu)文不(bu)(bu)足,引《考工记》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或有(you)破(po)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)正(zheng)位(wei)(wei)谓正(zheng)君臣(chen)面位(wei)(wei),引《召(zhao)诰》为宫(gong)室(shi)朝(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《考工》“匠人建(jian)国(guo)(guo),水(shui)地(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)县(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓水(shui)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,在(zai)(zai)地(di)曰{木(mu)},以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绳县(xian)於(wu){木(mu)}上,然後从傍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)望(wang)县(xian),即知地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)“置{木(mu)}以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)县(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既平得地(di),欲正(zheng)其东(dong)、西(xi)、南、北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)於(wu)中置一{木(mu)},恐(kong){木(mu)}下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng),先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)县(xian)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),{木(mu)}正(zheng)乃(nai)视以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)景(jing)。景(jing)谓於(wu){木(mu)}端(duan)自日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)入,即得景(jing),为规(gui)识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“为规(gui)识日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)与(yu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)”。规(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)处(chu),即东(dong)西(xi)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)於(wu)两交(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)中屈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi){木(mu)},又(you)知南北(bei)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仍恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)审(shen),昼参(can)诸(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing),夜考诸(zhu)北(bei)极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)朝(chao)夕,乃(nai)审(shen)矣(yi)。引《召(zhao)诰》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《召(zhao)诰》:“惟(wei)太(tai)保(bao)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)周公相宅。越(yue)若来,三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue),惟(wei)丙午フ,越(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊(wu)(wu)(wu)申,太(tai)保(bao)朝(chao)至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)洛,卜宅。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)“越(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊(wu)(wu)(wu)申”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)丙午フ。フ,明生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),月(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),则(ze)(ze)越(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊(wu)(wu)(wu)申,月(yue)(yue)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),召(zhao)公至(zhi)(zhi)洛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)“越(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)庚戌,太(tai)保(bao)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庶殷攻位(wei)(wei)于(yu)洛”,月(yue)(yue)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“越(yue)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)甲寅,位(wei)(wei)成(cheng)”,月(yue)(yue)十一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)通本数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)室(shi)朝(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)皆(jie)成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证正(zheng)位(wei)(wei)谓此(ci)(ci)(ci)宫(gong)室(shi)位(wei)(wei),破(po)司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)为君臣(chen)父(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)草创,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)论体国(guo)(guo)经(jing)野,理应先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)宫(gong)庙室(shi)位(wei)(wei),岂有(you)宫(gong)庙等位(wei)(wei)未成(cheng),先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)正(zheng)君臣(chen)面位(wei)(wei)乎?又(you)与(yu)《匠人》建(jian)国(guo)(guo)次第不(bu)(bu)合。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)依(yi)《匠人》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次及《召(zhao)诰》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,为定(ding)(ding)宫(gong)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)。案:《左氏·庄(zhuang)公传》云(yun)“水(shui)昏(hun)正(zheng)而(er)栽”,知是(shi)十月(yue)(yue)始兴(xing)土功。今於(wu)三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)为洛邑(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左传》用十月(yue)(yue)是(shi)寻常(chang)法,今建(jian)王城(cheng)远述先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,是(shi)兴(xing)作(zuo)大(da)事,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)法难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
体国经野,(体犹分也。经谓为之里数。郑司农云:“营国方九里,国中九经九纬,左祖右社,面朝後市;野则九夫为井,四井为邑之属是也。”
○体,郑云:“体犹(you)分也。”干(gan)宝云:“体,形体。”朝,直(zhi)遥(yao)反。)
[疏]“体国经野”
○释曰:体犹分也,国谓城中也。分国城之中为九经九纬,左祖右社之属。经谓为之里数,此野谓二百里以外,三等采地之中有井田之法,九夫为井,井方一里之等是也。
○注“体犹”至“是也”
○释曰:言(yan)“体(ti)犹分(fen)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手足分(fen)为(wei)四(si)(si)体(ti),得(de)为(wei)分(fen)也(ye)。“经(jing)谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里(li)数”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)据野(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)有井(jing)(jing)方(fang)一里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,故(gu)经(jing)为(wei)里(li)数解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司(si)(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营(ying)国(guo)方(fang)九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)”已下,并(bing)《冬官(guan)考工记(ji)·匠人(ren)》文(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“营(ying)国(guo)方(fang)九(jiu)(jiu)里(li),旁(pang)三(san)门”,旁(pang)谓(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)方(fang),方(fang)三(san)门则(ze)王城十二门。门有三(san)道,三(san)三(san)而(er)九(jiu)(jiu)则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)道。南北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing),东西之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纬(wei)。经(jing)纬(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道皆(jie)(jie)九(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)祖(zu)右(you)(you)社(she)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)据中(zhong)(zhong)门外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)。宗庙是(shi)阳,故(gu)在左(zuo);社(she)稷(ji)是(shi)阴(yin),故(gu)在右(you)(you)。“面(mian)朝後(hou)市”者(zhe)(zhe),三(san)朝皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)君臣治政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),阳,故(gu)在前。三(san)市皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)贪利行刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),阴(yin),故(gu)在後(hou)也(ye)。又言(yan)“野(ye)则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)井(jing)(jing)”,此(ci)是(shi)《地(di)官(guan)·小司(si)(si)徒(tu)职》文(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)井(jing)(jing)牧其(qi)田野(ye),九(jiu)(jiu)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)井(jing)(jing),四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)为(wei)邑(yi),四(si)(si)邑(yi)为(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),四(si)(si)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)甸(dian),四(si)(si)甸(dian)为(wei)县,四(si)(si)县为(wei)都”也(ye)。井(jing)(jing)方(fang)一里(li),邑(yi)方(fang)二里(li),丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)方(fang)四(si)(si)里(li),甸(dian)方(fang)八里(li),县方(fang)十六溃都方(fang)三(san)十二里(li)。引彼文(wen)略,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”,兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。案:《载师职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“家邑(yi)任稍(shao)地(di),小都任县地(di),大(da)(da)都任地(di)”。是(shi)畿(ji)内乡遂及四(si)(si)等公邑(yi),皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)沟洫法,无此(ci)方(fang)里(li)为(wei)并(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。家邑(yi)、小都、大(da)(da)都三(san)等采(cai)地(di)乃(nai)有方(fang)里(li)为(wei)井(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。但郊外曰“野(ye)”,大(da)(da)总言(yan)耳(er)。散文(wen)国(guo)外则(ze)曰野(ye),故(gu)《乡大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)七尺(chi)”、“野(ye)自六尺(chi)”是(shi)城外,则(ze)经(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)对(dui)国(guo)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)外则(ze)曰野(ye),但郑据《小司(si)(si)徒(tu)》成文(wen)而(er)言(yan)。
设官分职,(郑司农云:“置冢宰、司徒、宗伯、司马、司寇、司空,各有所(suo)职而百事举。”)
[疏]“设官分职”
○释曰:既体国经野,此须立官以治民,故云设官分职也。
○注“郑司农”至“事举”
○释曰:此谓设(she)天(tian)地(di)四时之官(guan)(guan),即六(liu)卿也(ye)。既有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)官(guan)(guan),须有(you)(you)(you)司职(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)“各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)所职(zhi)”。职(zhi)谓主也(ye),天(tian)官(guan)(guan)主治,地(di)官(guan)(guan)主教,春官(guan)(guan)主礼,夏官(guan)(guan)主政,秋(qiu)官(guan)(guan)主刑,冬官(guan)(guan)主事(shi)(shi)。六(liu)官(guan)(guan),官(guan)(guan)各(ge)六(liu)十,则合有(you)(you)(you)三百(bai)六(liu)十官(guan)(guan)。官(guan)(guan)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)主,故(gu)云(yun)“百(bai)事(shi)(shi)举”。
以为民极。(极,中也。令天下之人各得其中,不失其所。
○令,力(li)呈反(fan)。)
[疏]“以为民极”
○释曰:百人无主,不散则乱,是以立君治之。君不独治也,又当立臣为辅。极,中也。言设官分职者以治民,令民得其中正,使不失其所故也。
○注“极中也”至“其所”
○释曰:“极,中也”,《尔(er)雅》文(wen)。案(an)《尚书(shu)·洪范(fan)》云:“皇建(jian)其有(you)极,惟时厥庶(shu)民於汝极”,谓皇建(jian)其有(you)中之(zhi)道,庶(shu)民於之(zhi)取中于下。人各(ge)得其中,不失(shi)所也。
乃立天官冢宰,使帅其属而掌邦治,以佐王均邦国。(掌,主也。邦治,王所以治邦国也。佐犹助也。郑司农云:“邦治,谓总六官之职也。故《大宰职》曰‘掌建邦之六典,以佐王治邦国’。六官皆总属於冢宰,故《论语》曰‘君薨,百官总己以听於冢宰’,言冢宰於百官无所不主。《尔雅》曰:‘冢大也。’冢宰,大宰也。”
○郑云:“宰,主也。”干云:“济其清(qing)浊(zhuo),和(he)其刚柔,而纳之中(zhong)和(he)曰宰。”治(zhi),直(zhi)吏反,注邦治(zhi)、下治(zhi)官皆同。大宰,音泰,注及(ji)後放此。)
[疏]“乃立”至“邦国”
○释曰:六官皆云“乃立”者,以作序之由,本序设官之意,故先云以为民极,次云所设之官,故皆云“乃立”,腾上起下之辞也。“天官冢宰”者,据下注而言,则此言冢宰者,据总摄六职,若据当职,则称大宰也。“使帅其属”,案小宰六属而言,则此属唯指六十官之属也。“掌邦治”者,掌,主也。言主治则兼六官,以其五官虽有教、礼、政、刑、事不同,皆是治法也。云“佐王均邦国”者,以大宰掌均节财用故也。《周礼》以邦、国连言者,据诸侯也。单言邦、单言国者,多据王国也。然不言均王国,而言均邦国者,王之冢宰若言王国,恐不兼诸侯,今言邦国,则举外可以包内也。
○注“掌主”至“宰也”
○释曰:玄云“邦治,王所以治邦国(guo)(guo)也(ye)”者(zhe),此(ci)即司农(nong)所引(yin)(yin)《大宰(zai)职》“佐(zuo)王治邦国(guo)(guo)”,一也(ye)。但司农(nong)虽引(yin)(yin)之(zhi),不(bu)指释此(ci)经邦治,故玄就足之(zhi)。司农(nong)引(yin)(yin)《论语(yu)》者(zhe),欲见天子冢(zhong)宰(zai)兼(jian)百(bai)官之(zhi)义。言(yan)“百(bai)”则三百(bai)六十,一也(ye)。且《论语(yu)》言(yan)“君(jun)薨(hong)”,据诸侯(hou)言(yan),冢(zhong)宰(zai)、百(bai)官据天子,互言(yan)之(zhi)者(zhe),欲见天子、诸侯(hou)君(jun)死,世(shi)子居丧,使大臣(chen)听(ting)政同(tong)也(ye)。“冢(zhong)宰(zai),大宰(zai)”者(zhe),言(yan)不(bu)异人也(ye)。
治官之属:大宰,卿一人;小宰,中大夫二人;宰夫,下大夫四人。上士八人,中士十有六人,旅下士三十有二人。(变冢言大,进退异名也。百官总焉则谓之冢,列职於王则称大。冢,大之上也。山顶曰冢。旅,众也。下士,治众事者。自大宰至旅下士,转相副贰,皆王臣也。王之卿六命,其大夫四命,士以三命而下为差。
○贰,徐音二。)
[疏]“治官”至“二人”
○释曰:上经所陈立官,所掌有异,此经陈官有尊卑多少,转相副贰之事也。言“治官之属”者,此为六十官之首,别言治官之属一句,与下六十官为目,以总是治官,不得唯指此一经至旅下士三十有二人而已。凡官尊者少,卑者多,以其卑者宜劳,尊者宜逸。是以下士称“旅”,以其理众事,故特言旅也。小宰与大宰同名,大小为异,故郑注《礼记·王制》,引此六卿下、中大夫十二人为十二小卿,以其宰夫是大宰之考,谓若地官之考为乡师,春官之考为肆师,夏官之考为军司马,秋官之考为士师,冬官之考为匠师。以其掌事不与大官同,故异大官也。宰者,调和之名。夫者,治也,以其治此一官所主事也。
○注“变冢”至“为差”
○释(shi)曰:“变冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)唯云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)”,此(ci)唯云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)”,是(shi)变冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“进(jin)(jin)退(tui)异名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即“百官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)总焉”,谓(wei)(wei)贰(er)王(wang)治事(shi)(shi)(shi),总摄三(san)百六(liu)(liu)十官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)进(jin)(jin)异名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“列职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)王(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)总百官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),与五卿(qing)并(bing)列,各自(zi)治六(liu)(liu)十官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)退(tui)异名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),总百官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,以(yi)其(qi)天官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)象天覆万(wan)物(wu)。案:经(jing)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰:“凡(fan)邦(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)治,冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)专(zhuan)国小(xiao)治而称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司书(shu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰:“掌六(liu)(liu)典、八(ba)法、八(ba)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er),以(yi)诏王(wang)及(ji)(ji)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)”,是(shi)贰(er)王(wang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)总众职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰:“乘(cheng)其(qi)财(cai)(cai)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出入(ru),凡(fan)失财(cai)(cai)用、物(wu)辟名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)刑诏冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)而诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)总众官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)诛赏而称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《司会(hui)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰:“以(yi)周知四(si)(si)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,以(yi)诏王(wang)及(ji)(ji)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)废置”,是(shi)总四(si)(si)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治而称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)主当(dang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、不(bu)兼他职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)下(xia)文(wen)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)丧(sang),赞赠玉(yu)(yu)、含玉(yu)(yu)”,宾客,“赞玉(yu)(yu)几、玉(yu)(yu)爵(jue)”,“祀五帝(di)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莅卜”,如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),与诸官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)并(bing)有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)与五官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)同名“大(da)(da)(da)(da)”,今又(you)(you)别称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)“冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”在大(da)(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)引《尔雅》“山顶曰冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见山则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)矣,冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)在顶,证(zheng)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在大(da)(da)(da)(da)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“旅,众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi),治众事(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,欲见尊官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)逸(yi)、卑(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)劳(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)至旅下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi),转相(xiang)副贰(er),皆(jie)王(wang)臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)卿(qing)一(yi)(yi)人(ren),小(xiao)卿(qing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二人(ren),已下(xia)皆(jie)去上(shang)一(yi)(yi)倍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)转相(xiang)副贰(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“王(wang)臣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自(zi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang),得王(wang)简策命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)王(wang)臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。对下(xia)经(jing)府、史、胥、徒不(bu)得王(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长自(zi)辟除(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非王(wang)臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》文(wen)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无中(zhong)、下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别。案:《序官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)中(zhong)、下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)四(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)分为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)、下(xia),似若(ruo)侯(hou)、伯同七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子、男(nan)同五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),爵(jue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)高下(xia)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)差,但《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》直(zhi)见公、卿(qing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见有(you)出封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)出封(feng)皆(jie)加一(yi)(yi)等(deng)”。士(shi)(shi)(shi)爵(jue)卑(bei)(bei),无出封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,故(gu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu)既不(bu)言(yan)(yan),知三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正见《序官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》有(you)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)等(deng)。《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》除(chu)六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、四(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、无三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。郑(zheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)然(ran),王(wang)朝三(san)公八(ba)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),卿(qing)六(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)爵(jue),以(yi)待出封(feng)为(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou),乃为(wei)(wei)阳爵(jue)九命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)既不(bu)得出封(feng),故(gu)在王(wang)朝有(you)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦为(wei)(wei)阳爵(jue),无嫌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
府(fu)(fu)六人(ren),史十有(you)二(er)人(ren),(府(fu)(fu),治藏;史,掌(zhang)书者(zhe)。凡(fan)府(fu)(fu)、史皆其官长所自(zi)辟除。)
[疏]“府”至“二人”
○释曰:府,治府藏。史,主造文书也。
○注“府治”至“除”
○释曰:案下宰夫八职(zhi)云(yun):“五曰府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),掌(zhang)(zhang)官(guan)(guan)契(qi)以(yi)(yi)治藏(zang)。六曰史(shi)(shi),掌(zhang)(zhang)官(guan)(guan)书以(yi)(yi)赞(zan)治。”故(gu)郑云(yun)“府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),治藏(zang);史(shi)(shi),掌(zhang)(zhang)书”。又(you)云(yun)“官(guan)(guan)长(zhang)所(suo)自辟除(chu)者(zhe),官(guan)(guan)长(zhang)谓一官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang),若治官(guan)(guan)六十,其(qi)(qi)(qi)下府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi),皆大(da)宰辟召(zhao),除(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)课役而使之(zhi),非王臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼》之(zhi)内(nei)(nei),府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi)大(da)例皆府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)少而史(shi)(shi)多,而府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又(you)在(zai)史(shi)(shi)上,唯(wei)有(you)御史(shi)(shi)百有(you)二十人,特(te)(te)多而在(zai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)上。郑云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)掌(zhang)(zhang)赞(zan)书数多也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。又(you)有(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)兼有(you)史(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)职(zhi)事繁故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或空有(you)史(shi)(shi)而无府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)职(zhi)事少,得史(shi)(shi)即足故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。至於角人、羽人等,直有(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)无史(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)职(zhi)文(wen)书少,而有(you)税物(wu)须藏(zang)之(zhi),故(gu)直有(you)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。腊人、食(shi)医(yi)之(zhi)等府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、史(shi)(shi)俱无者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)专官(guan)(guan)行事,更无所(suo)须故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼》之(zhi)内(nei)(nei),唯(wei)有(you)天府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一官(guan)(guan),特(te)(te)多於史(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)藏(zang)物(wu)重故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
胥十有二人,徒百有二十人。(此民给徭役者,若今卫士矣。胥读如,谓其有才知,为什长。
○胥,郑(zheng)、徐、刘思(si)叙(xu)反(fan),戚思(si)馀反(fan)。下皆同。徭,音遥。,刘思(si)叙(xu)反(fan)。)
[疏]“胥十”至“十人”
○释曰:胥有才智,为什长。徒给使役,故一胥十徒也。
○注“此民”至“什长”
○释(shi)曰:案(an)下(xia)宰(zai)夫八职云(yun)(yun):“七曰胥(xu)(xu)(xu),掌官(guan)叙以治叙。八曰徒(tu),掌官(guan)令以徵(zhi)令。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun):“治叙,次序官(guan)中,如今待曹(cao)伍伯传吏(li)朝也(ye)。徵(zhi)令,趋(qu)走给(ji)召呼。”案(an):《礼记·王制》云(yun)(yun):“下(xia)士视上农夫食(shi)九(jiu)人(ren)(ren),禄足以代(dai)耕”,则府(fu)食(shi)八人(ren)(ren),史食(shi)七人(ren)(ren),胥(xu)(xu)(xu)食(shi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren),徒(tu)食(shi)五人(ren)(ren),禄其官(guan)并(bing)亚(ya)士,故号“庶人(ren)(ren)在官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“若今卫(wei)士”者(zhe)(zhe),卫(wei)士亦给(ji)徭役,故举汉(han)法况之(zhi)。又云(yun)(yun)“胥(xu)(xu)(xu)读如,谓其有(you)才(cai)智,为(wei)什(shen)长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an):周(zhou)室之(zhi)内称(cheng)“胥(xu)(xu)(xu)”者(zhe)(zhe),多谓若大(da)胥(xu)(xu)(xu)、小胥(xu)(xu)(xu)、胥(xu)(xu)(xu)师之(zhi)类(lei),虽不为(wei)什(shen)长(zhang),皆(jie)是有(you)才(cai)智之(zhi)称(cheng)。彼(bi)不读从,从此读可知。唯(wei)有(you)追(zhui)胥(xu)(xu)(xu),胥(xu)(xu)(xu)是伺搏盗贼,非有(you)才(cai)智也(ye)。《易·归妹·六(liu)三》“以须(xu)(xu)(xu)”,注云(yun)(yun):“须(xu)(xu)(xu),才(cai)智之(zhi)称(cheng)。”天(tian)文有(you)须(xu)(xu)(xu)女,屈原之(zhi)姊名女须(xu)(xu)(xu)。彼(bi)须(xu)(xu)(xu)字(zi)此与异者(zhe)(zhe),盖古有(you)此二字(zi)通用,俱得为(wei)有(you)才(cai)智也(ye)。《周(zhou)礼》上下(xia)文,有(you)胥(xu)(xu)(xu)必有(you)徒(tu),胥(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)什(shen)长(zhang)故也(ye)。鳖人(ren)(ren)、腊人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)类(lei),空有(you)徒(tu)无(wu)胥(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe),得徒(tu)则足,不假(jia)长(zhang)帅故也(ye)。食(shi)医之(zhi)类(lei),胥(xu)(xu)(xu)徒(tu)并(bing)无(wu)者(zhe)(zhe),以其专官(guan)行事(shi),不假(jia)胥(xu)(xu)(xu)徒(tu)也(ye)。
宫正,上士二人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥四人,徒四十人。(正,长也。宫正,主宫中官之长。
○宫正,此以下,郑(zheng)玄列六十职序,干注则各(ge)於其职前列之。)
[疏]“宫正”至“十人”
○释(shi)曰:上(shang)大宰至旅下(xia)士(shi)总驭群职(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)首(shou)。自此宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)已下(xia)至夏(xia)采(cai)六(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),随事(shi)(shi)(shi)缓(huan)急为(wei)(wei)先後(hou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)至宫(gong)(gong)(gong),伯(bo)(bo)二(er)(er)官(guan)(guan)(guan)主宫(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)(an)(an)身(shen)(shen)先须宫(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)先也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自膳夫(fu)至腊(la)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),皆(jie)供王膳羞、饮食(shi)、馔具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处世(shi),在安(an)(an)(an)与饱,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)食(shi)次(ci)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自医(yi)(yi)师(shi)(shi)已下(xia)至兽医(yi)(yi),主疗疾(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)(you)生则有(you)(you)(you)疾(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)医(yi)(yi)次(ci)食(shi)馔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自酒(jiu)正(zheng)至宫(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),陈酒(jiu)饮肴羞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),医(yi)(yi)治既毕,须酒(jiu)食(shi)养身(shen)(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次(ci)酒(jiu)肴也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自掌(zhang)(zhang)舍至掌(zhang)(zhang)次(ci),安(an)(an)(an)不忘(wang)危,出行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自大府至掌(zhang)(zhang)皮(pi),并是府藏计会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),既有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀,理(li)须贮积(ji),或(huo)出或(huo)内,宜计会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自内宰至屦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),陈后夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)已下(xia),内教妇(fu)功(gong),妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)衣服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),君子明以(yi)(yi)(yi)访政,夜以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)(an)(an)息,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)後(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)采(cai)一职(zhi),记(ji)招魂(hun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)死事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)末言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)并下(xia)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo),虽(sui)俱(ju)训为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义则异。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)则主任三(san)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)卿大夫(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)时北宫(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)府”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)所掌(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)亦掌(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“正(zheng),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)云(yun)(yun)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe),直主宫(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卿大夫(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子、庶子,行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)秩(zhi)叙,授其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)舍次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),亦得为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“伯(bo)(bo),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)上(shang)士(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)首(shou),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐,下(xia)士(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)理(li)众事(shi)(shi)(shi),府二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主藏文(wen)(wen)书也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),史(shi)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主作文(wen)(wen)书,胥(xu)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)什(shen)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),徒四十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)给徭役(yi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)例,言(yan)(yan)(yan)府、史(shi)、胥(xu)、徒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义皆(jie)然,不可文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)重释(shi),他皆(jie)放此。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,宗伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),诸(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“伯(bo)(bo)”者(zhe),伯(bo)(bo),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)名。县(xian)师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“师(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),皆(jie)取可师(shi)(shi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)称“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)轮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、车人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、腊(la)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、鳖人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),即冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曰某人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)名官(guan)(guan)(guan)”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“氏(shi)”者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)种,谓若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)桃氏(shi)为(wei)(wei)剑(jian)、筑(zhu)氏(shi)为(wei)(wei)削(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)“族(zu)有(you)(you)(you)世(shi)业,以(yi)(yi)(yi)氏(shi)名官(guan)(guan)(guan)”。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)冯相氏(shi)、保章(zhang)氏(shi)、师(shi)(shi)氏(shi)、保氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)引《春秋》“官(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)世(shi)功(gong),则有(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)族(zu)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)称“司”,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)司裘、司市之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),言(yan)(yan)(yan)司者(zhe),皆(jie)是专任其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),事(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)於(wu)己,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)司言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)典(dian)(dian)妇(fu)功(gong)、典(dian)(dian)丝、典(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),言(yan)(yan)(yan)“典(dian)(dian)”者(zhe),出入由(you)己,课彼作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)典(dian)(dian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)称“职(zhi)”者(zhe),谓若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)职(zhi)币、职(zhi)内、职(zhi)岁,财不久停,职(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)已。凡(fan)云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)义:一者(zhe),他官(guan)(guan)(guan)供物,己则暂掌(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)已,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)幕人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)供帷(wei)幕幄(wo),掌(zhang)(zhang)次(ci)张之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);二(er)(er)则掌(zhang)(zhang)徵敛(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)掌(zhang)(zhang)皮(pi)、掌(zhang)(zhang)染草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);三(san)者(zhe),掌(zhang)(zhang)非己所为(wei)(wei),则掌(zhang)(zhang)节、掌(zhang)(zhang)固、掌(zhang)(zhang)疆,本非己造(zao),废坏修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自外(wai)不称“典(dian)(dian)”、“司”、“职(zhi)”、“掌(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe),皆(jie)是逐事(shi)(shi)(shi)立名,以(yi)(yi)(yi)义铨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可晓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)六(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)序官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er):一则以(yi)(yi)(yi)义类(lei)(lei)相从,谓若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)、宫(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo),同主宫(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。膳夫(fu)、庖人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、外(wai)内饔,同主造(zao)食(shi)。如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei),皆(jie)是类(lei)(lei)聚群分(fen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)连类(lei)(lei)序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)(er)则凡(fan)次(ci)序六(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),不以(yi)(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑为(wei)(wei)先後(hou),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)缓(huan)急为(wei)(wei)次(ci)弟,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此宫(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟士(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)前,内宰等(deng)大夫(fu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)後(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
宫伯,中士(shi)二(er)人(ren),下(xia)士(shi)四(si)人(ren),府一(yi)人(ren),史二(er)人(ren),胥二(er)人(ren),徒二(er)十(shi)人(ren)。(伯,长也。)
膳夫,上士二人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥十有二人,徒百有二十人。(膳之言善也。今时美物曰珍膳。膳夫,食官之长也。郑司农以《诗》说之,曰“仲允膳夫”。
○膳,上战反。)
[疏]注“膳之”至“膳夫”
○释(shi)曰:言“膳(shan)(shan)夫(fu),食官之长”者,谓(wei)与(yu)下庖人(ren)、内外饔、亨人(ren)等(deng)为(wei)长也(ye)。司(si)农引(yin)《诗(shi)》云(yun)者,是《小雅(ya)》剌幽(you)王诗(shi)。膳(shan)(shan)夫(fu),仲允为(wei)之,引(yin)证与(yu)此(ci)膳(shan)(shan)夫(fu)为(wei)一事也(ye)。
庖人,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,贾八人,胥四人,徒四十人。(庖之言苞也,裹肉曰苞苴。贾主市买,知物贾。
○庖,徐(xu)扶交反。贾八人,郑、徐(xu)音(yin)(yin)古,刘音(yin)(yin)嫁(jia),下放此。裹音(yin)(yin)果(guo)。苴(ju),子馀反。物贾,音(yin)(yin)嫁(jia)。)
[疏]注“庖之”至“物贾”
○释曰(yue)(yue):言庖(pao)(pao)(pao)者(zhe)(zhe),今(jin)之(zhi)厨,转作(zuo)包(bao)(bao)者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)取(qu)庖(pao)(pao)(pao)人(ren)主(zhu)六兽、六禽(qin),以供(gong)庖(pao)(pao)(pao)厨,有(you)裹肉之(zhi)意也。又云(yun)“裹肉曰(yue)(yue)包(bao)(bao)苴(ju)”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗(shi)》云(yun)“野有(you)死,白茅(mao)包(bao)(bao)之(zhi)”,《礼记·内则》云(yun)“炮取(qu)豚若(ruo)将,编萑以苴(ju)之(zhi)”,皆(jie)是裹肉之(zhi)物(wu),故云(yun)“裹肉曰(yue)(yue)苞苴(ju)”也。又云(yun)“贾市买,知物(wu)贾”者(zhe)(zhe),下文九职郑(zheng)注“行曰(yue)(yue)商(shang),处曰(yue)(yue)贾”。贾乃在市而处者(zhe)(zhe),故知物(wu)贾。此(ci)特有(you)贾人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),庖(pao)(pao)(pao)人(ren)牲当市之(zhi)故也。
内饔,中士四人,下士八人,府二人,史四人,胥十人,徒百人。(饔,割亨煎和之称。内饔所主在内。
○饔,郑於容反。亨,戚(qi)普庚反,刘(liu)普孟反。称,尺证反。)
[疏]注“饔割”至“在内”
○释曰(yue):饔,和也(ye)。熟食(shi)曰(yue)饔。熟食(shi)须调和,故号曰(yue)饔。其(qi)职云“掌王及(ji)(ji)后世(shi)子之(zhi)割亨”,割亨则须煎和,故云“割亨煎和之(zhi)称”。又云“所主在内”者,以其(qi)掌王及(ji)(ji)后世(shi)子及(ji)(ji)宗庙(miao),皆是在内之(zhi)事。
外饔,中(zhong)士四人,下(xia)士八(ba)人,府二(er)人,史四人,胥十(shi)人,徒(tu)百人。(外饔,所主(zhu)在(zai)外。)
[疏]注“外饔所主在外”
○释曰:案其职云“掌外(wai)(wai)(wai)祭祀及邦飨孤(gu)子耆老割亨”,皆是在外(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)事,故云“所掌在外(wai)(wai)(wai)”也。此饔有内外(wai)(wai)(wai)可对,故云内、外(wai)(wai)(wai)饔。至於内宰、内竖、内司服,自(zi)掌妇人之(zhi)事而称内,不(bu)对外(wai)(wai)(wai)为名也。
亨人,下士四人,府一人,史二人,胥五人,徒五十人。(主为外内饔煮肉者。
○亨,刘(liu)普(pu)庚反。为(wei),于伪反,下“为(wei)主”同。)
[疏]注“主为”至“肉者”
○释(shi)曰:其(qi)职(zhi)云“给外内(nei)饔(yong)亨(heng)事(shi)”,故云“为(wei)外内(nei)饔(yong)煮肉”也。
甸师,下士二人,府一人,史二人,胥三十人,徒三百人。(郊外曰甸。师犹长也。甸师,主共野物官之长。
○甸,田(tian)遍反。共音恭,下皆(jie)同。)
[疏]注“郊外”至“之长”。
○释(shi)曰:案《载师》云“任(ren)近郊(jiao)远郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”,次即云“公邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田任(ren)甸地(di)”,甸地(di)即在百里远郊(jiao)外,天(tian)子藉田又在南方甸地(di),故称此(ci)(ci)官为(wei)(wei)甸师也(ye)(ye)。然此(ci)(ci)官主(zhu)地(di)事不(bu)在地(di)官者,以其供(gong)野(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荐(jian),又给薪蒸以供(gong)亨(heng)饪(ren),故在此(ci)(ci)次亨(heng)人也(ye)(ye)。又云“主(zhu)供(gong)野(ye)(ye)物官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)”或云与(yu)地(di)官掌葛(ge)、掌炭、掌蜃(shen)、委人等(deng)(deng)同掌供(gong)野(ye)(ye)物,故与(yu)彼(bi)官为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)。若(ruo)然,彼(bi)属(shu)(shu)地(di)官,此(ci)(ci)属(shu)(shu)天(tian)官,越分(fen)相领(ling),恐理(li)不(bu)惬。此(ci)(ci)甸师当与(yu)下兽(shou)(shou)人已下亦供(gong)野(ye)(ye)物为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)。故下数职注不(bu)言长(zhang)(zhang),明甸师与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)。但(dan)兽(shou)(shou)人等(deng)(deng)中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)下士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),下士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得与(yu)中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)者,如大(da)史下大(da)夫(fu),内史中大(da)夫(fu),郑云“大(da)史,史官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)”。彼(bi)下大(da)夫(fu)与(yu)中大(da)夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang),此(ci)(ci)下士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦与(yu)中士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang),有(you)何嫌也(ye)(ye)?徒三百人,特多者,天(tian)子藉田千亩,藉借此(ci)(ci)三百人耕耨,故多也(ye)(ye)。
兽人,中士(shi)四人,下士(shi)八人,府二人,史四人,胥四人,徒四十人。
[疏]“兽人”
○释曰:案(an)其(qi)职云(yun)“掌罟田兽(shou),冬献(xian)狼,夏(xia)献(xian)麋”,供(gong)膳羞,故在(zai)此也。
[A214]人,中士二人,下士四人,府二人,史四人,胥三十人,徒三百人。(
○[A214],音鱼,本又作鱼,亦作攵,同,又音御。)
[疏]“[A214]人”
○释曰:案其职(zhi)云(yun):“掌以时[A214]为(wei)梁。春献王鲔”,亦(yi)供鱼物(wu),故在此也。徒(tu)亦(yi)三百人(ren)者,马融云(yun):“池塞苑(yuan)囿,取鱼处多故也。”
鳖人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒十有六人。(
○鳖(bie),必列反(fan)。)
[疏]“鳖人”
○释曰:案其(qi)职云:“祭祀,供(gong)[C231]、蠃(luo)、氐”,亦(yi)是(shi)供(gong)食物(wu),故在此也。
腊人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(腊之言夕也。
○腊,音昔。)
[疏]“腊人”
○释(shi)曰:注(zhu)“腊(la)(la)之(zhi)言(yan)夕”也,乾(qian)曰腊(la)(la),朝(chao)曝,於夕乃乾(qian),故(gu)(gu)云腊(la)(la)之(zhi)言(yan)夕。或作“久”字(zi),久乃乾(qian)成(cheng),义(yi)亦(yi)通也。以其供脯(fu)、腊(la)(la)、无、胖食物,故(gu)(gu)亦(yi)在此色也。
医师,上士二人,下士四人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(医师,众医之长。
○医,意其反。)
[疏]“医师”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案其职云(yun):“掌医之政令,聚毒(du)药以供(gong)医事。”诸医皆(jie)在此者(zhe),医亦有齐和(he)饮食(shi)之类,故设(she)在饮食(shi)之间也。
食医,中士二人。(食有和齐药之类。
○和(he),胡卧反,又音禾。齐,才计反。)
[疏]“食医”
○释曰:案其职云“春多酸夏多苦”之等,皆(jie)须齐(qi)和,与(yu)药(yao)故同,郑云“食(shi)有和齐(qi)药(yao)之类”,故在医官(guan)之内也。
疾医,中士八人。
[疏]“疾医”
○释曰(yue):案其职云“掌养万(wan)民之疾病”,故连类在此。
疡医,下士八人。(疡,创痈也。
○疡,音羊。创,初良反。)
[疏]“疡医”
○释曰:案其职云“掌肿疡、溃疡”之等,故亦连类在此。
○注“疡,创也”
○释曰:案《礼记·上曲礼》云:“头(tou)有(you)创则沐,身有(you)疡(yang)则浴。”案其职有(you)“肿疡(yang)”等耍种之疡(yang),注:“溃则未(wei)必有(you)脓(nong)也。”故亦连类在(zai)此也。
兽(shou)医,下士四人。(兽(shou),牛马之(zhi)类。)
[疏]注“兽牛马之属”
○释曰(yue)(yue):案《尔雅》“在(zai)野曰(yue)(yue)兽(shou)(shou),在(zai)家(jia)曰(yue)(yue)畜(chu)”,畜(chu)兽(shou)(shou)异矣(yi)。而言(yan)“兽(shou)(shou),牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)”者(zhe),但此职云“主治(zhi)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)”,未(wei)必治(zhi)其(qi)野兽(shou)(shou),而以(yi)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)为(wei)兽(shou)(shou)者(zhe),对文则畜(chu)兽(shou)(shou)异,散文通。故《尔雅》又(you)云“两足而羽谓之(zhi)禽,四(si)足而毛谓之(zhi)兽(shou)(shou)”。既不别(bie)释畜(chu),则兽(shou)(shou)中可以(yi)兼(jian)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma),是(shi)其(qi)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)亦有兽(shou)(shou)称,故云“兽(shou)(shou),牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)”也。
酒(jiu)正(zheng),中(zhong)士四人,下士八人,府二人,史八人,胥(xu)八人,徒(tu)八十(shi)人。(酒(jiu)正(zheng),酒(jiu)官(guan)之(zhi)长。)
[疏]“酒正”至“十人”
○释曰:案其职云:“掌酒之政令,以式法授酒材”,与膳食相将,故在此。
○注“酒(jiu)正,酒(jiu)官之(zhi)长”释(shi)曰(yue):此酒(jiu)正与下酒(jiu)人、浆人为长。注不言(yan)浆,文(wen)略也。
酒人,奄十人,女酒三十人,奚三百人。(奄,精气闭藏者,令谓之宦人。《月令》:仲冬“其器闳以奄”。女酒,女奴晓酒者。古者从坐男女,没入县官为奴,其少才知,以为奚,今之侍史官婢。或曰:“奚,宦女。”
○奄,於(wu)捡反(fan)。刘於(wu)验反(fan)。徐(xu)於(wu)剑反(fan)。奚,如字,又胡礼反(fan)。坐,才卧反(fan)。)
[疏]“酒人”至“百人”
○释曰:“奄十人”,以其与女酒及奚同职,故用奄人。奄不称士,则此奄亦府史之类,以奄为异也。言“女酒三十人”,则女酒与奚为什长,若胥徒也。奚三百人,以其造酒,故须人多也。
○注“奄精”至“宦女”
○释曰:案《月令》冬(dong)三月皆云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)气闳以奄”,独引仲冬(dong)者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)十一(yi)月一(yi)阳爻(yao)生,以其(qi)奄人虽精气闭藏,犹少(shao)有精气故也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)酒(jiu)(jiu),女(nv)(nv)奴晓(xiao)酒(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),郑依《秋官(guan)·司(si)厉》,从坐男女(nv)(nv),没入县(xian)官(guan)为奴,则(ze)奴者(zhe)(zhe),男女(nv)(nv)同名,以其(qi)晓(xiao)解作酒(jiu)(jiu),有才智,则(ze)曰女(nv)(nv)酒(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)少(shao)有才智给使者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)曰奚。已下云(yun)(yun)“晓(xiao)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓晓(xiao)解当职之(zhi)物,不复重释之(zhi)也(ye)。“侍使官(guan)婢”,举(ju)汉法(fa)言之(zhi)。又云(yun)(yun)“或曰宦(huan)女(nv)(nv)”者(zhe)(zhe),汉时有此别号。按《左(zuo)氏》晋惠公(gong)之(zhi)女(nv)(nv)名妾,称宦(huan)女(nv)(nv),谓宦(huan)事秦(qin)公(gong)子,亦云(yun)(yun)宦(huan)女(nv)(nv)也(ye)。
浆人,奄五人,女浆十有五人,奚百有五十人。(女浆,女奴晓浆者。
○浆,子良反。)
[疏]“浆人”
○释曰:在此者(zhe),案其(qi)职云(yun):“掌供(gong)王之六饮(yin),入于酒府”,饮(yin)是酒类(lei),故在此也。
凌人,下士二人,府二人,史二人,胥八人,徒八十人。(凌,冰室也。《诗》云:“二之日,凿冰冲冲。三之日,纳于凌阴。”
○凌,力证(zheng)反,字从(cong)冰,或力升反。)
[疏]“凌人”至“十人”
○释曰:凌人在此者,案其职云:“掌冰,凡外内饔之膳羞鉴焉”,以供为膳羞,故连类在此也。
○注“凌冰”至“凌阴”
○释(shi)曰(yue):引《诗》曰(yue)“二(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日”者,案《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)释(shi),谓(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)月(yue),夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十二(er)(er)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日;凿(zao)(zao)冰(bing)(bing)者,谓(wei)(wei)於深山穷(qiong)谷,固阴(yin)Ё寒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,於是(shi)乎(hu)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“冲冲”,凿(zao)(zao)冰(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。“三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日”,谓(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三月(yue),夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue),纳(na)冰(bing)(bing)於陵阴(yin)室中。案彼又(you)云:“四之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日其(qi)蚤,献羔祭韭。”启冰(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也。郑《答志》以“夏(xia)十二(er)(er)月(yue)取冰(bing)(bing),二(er)(er)月(yue)开冰(bing)(bing),四月(yue)班冰(bing)(bing),是(shi)其(qi)常也。藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既晚,出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)早(zao)。晚者建寅乃藏,与此(ci)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》十二(er)(er)月(yue)藏冰(bing)(bing)校一月(yue)故(gu);出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)者,四月(yue),夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)月(yue)出冰(bing)(bing),与《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》同。今(jin)豳土寒,故(gu)纳(na)冰(bing)(bing)可用夏(xia)正月(yue)”也。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证凌阴(yin)即此(ci)冰(bing)(bing)室,为一物(wu)也。
笾人,奄一人,女笾十人,奚二(er)十人。(竹曰(yue)笾。女笾,女奴之(zhi)晓笾者。)
[疏]“笾人”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌四笾之实”,亦是荐羞之事,故在此也。
○注“竹曰”至“笾者”
○释曰:知“竹(zhu)(zhu)曰笾(bian)”者,更无(wu)异文,见竹(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)为之(zhi),即知以竹(zhu)(zhu)为之(zhi),故云竹(zhu)(zhu)曰笾(bian)也(ye)。
醢人,奄一人,女醢二十人,奚四十人。(醢,豆实也。不谓之豆,此主醢,豆不尽于醢也。女醢,女奴晓醢者。
○醢,呼在反。尽,津忍(ren)反。)
[疏]“醢人”至“十人”
○释曰:案其职云“掌四豆之实”,亦是荐羞,故在此也。
○注“醢豆”至“醢者”
○释曰:云“不谓之(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)”者,决上(shang)(shang)笾人(ren)(ren)(ren)不以笾中之(zhi)实(shi)为(wei)名,而(er)(er)(er)以笾为(wei)官(guan)号(hao),此(ci)(ci)即(ji)以豆(dou)(dou)中之(zhi)实(shi)为(wei)官(guan)号(hao),不谓之(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。此(ci)(ci)是问辞(ci),郑(zheng)还自答(da)。豆(dou)(dou)不尽(jin)於醢者,其(qi)豆(dou)(dou)之(zhi)所盛,非止(zhi)此(ci)(ci)职中四(si)豆(dou)(dou)之(zhi)实(shi)而(er)(er)(er)已。天子豆(dou)(dou)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)公豆(dou)(dou)四(si)十(shi)(shi),侯伯豆(dou)(dou)三(san)十(shi)(shi)二(er),子男豆(dou)(dou)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si),上(shang)(shang)大夫二(er)十(shi)(shi),下大夫十(shi)(shi)六(liu),彼有(you)乡熏尧炙(zhi)脍之(zhi)属(shu),其(qi)数甚多,是豆(dou)(dou)不尽(jin)盛醢而(er)(er)(er)已。若言(yan)豆(dou)(dou)人(ren)(ren)(ren),恐(kong)彼并掌之(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)醢人(ren)(ren)(ren)惟掌此(ci)(ci)四(si)豆(dou)(dou)之(zhi)实(shi)而(er)(er)(er)已,故(gu)不得(de)言(yan)豆(dou)(dou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)醢人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。
醯人,奄二人,女醯二十人,奚四十人。(女醯,女奴晓醯者。
○醯,本又作[A16M],呼西反。)
[疏]“醯人”
○释曰:醯人在此(ci)者,案其职云“掌共(gong)五齐(qi)七(qi)菹(zu)”,以供醯物(wu),则与醯人职通。醯人惟主作(zuo)醯,但成(cheng)齐(qi)菹(zu)必须(xu)醯物(wu)乃成(cheng),故醯人兼言齐(qi)菹(zu),而连类(lei)在此(ci)也。
盐人(ren)(ren)(ren),奄二人(ren)(ren)(ren),女盐二十人(ren)(ren)(ren),奚四十人(ren)(ren)(ren)。(女盐,女奴(nu)晓盐者。)
[疏]“盐人”
○释曰:在(zai)此者,案其职(zhi)云:“掌盐(yan)之(zhi)政令(ling),以供(gong)百(bai)事(shi)之(zhi)盐(yan)。”盐(yan)所以调(diao)和上食(shi)之(zhi)物,故亦连类在(zai)此也。
冥人,奄一人,女冥十人,奚二十人。(以巾覆物曰冥。女冥,女奴晓冥者。
○冥,莫历(li)反(fan)。)
[疏]“冥人”
○释曰:冥(ming)人在此者,案(an)其职云:“掌(zhang)供巾冥(ming)”,所以覆(fu)饮食(shi)之物,故次饮食(shi)後。
宫人,中士四人,下士八(ba)人,府二人,史四人,胥八(ba)人,徒八(ba)十人。
[疏]“宫人”
○释曰:宫人在(zai)此者,案(an)其(qi)职云(yun):“掌王(wang)之(zhi)六寝之(zhi)”,又供王(wang)沐浴、扫除之(zhi)事,是安息(xi)王(wang)身,故(gu)在(zai)此也。
掌舍,下士四人,府二人,史四人,徒四十人。(舍,行所解止之处。
○解(jie),佳卖反。)
[疏]“掌舍”至“十人”
○释曰:云在此者,案其职云:“掌王之会同之舍,设互梧再重。”亦是安王身之事,故亦在此。
○注“舍行”至“之处”
○释曰:案其职云设车宫(gong)、坛宫(gong)、帷宫(gong)之(zhi)等,并(bing)是解脱止(zhi)息(xi)之(zhi)处,故云“解止(zhi)之(zhi)处”也。
幕人,下士一人,府二人,史二人,徒四十人。(幕,帷覆上者。
○幕,武博反。)
[疏]“幕人”至“十人”
○释曰,在此者,案其职云“掌帷幕幄绶之事”,亦是安王身之事,故在此也。注“幕帷覆上者”
○释曰(yue):案下职中郑注云:“在旁(pang)曰(yue)帷,在上(shang)曰(yue)幕。”是(shi)其(qi)幕乃帷之(zhi)覆上(shang)者(zhe)也。
掌次,下士四(si)人(ren),府(fu)四(si)人(ren),史(shi)二人(ren),徒八十人(ren)。(次,自(zi)正(zheng)之处(chu)。)
[疏]“掌次”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王次之法,以待张事。”幕人供之,掌次张之,故连类在此也。
○注“次自正之处”
○释(shi)曰:案其职云:“张(zhang)大次(ci)设重重案皆是自止故云“自止之处也”。
大府,下大夫二(er)人(ren),上士四人(ren),下士八(ba)人(ren),府四人(ren),史(shi)八(ba)人(ren),贾十有(you)六(liu)人(ren),胥八(ba)人(ren),徒八(ba)十人(ren)。(大府,为王治藏之长(zhang),若今司农矣。)
[疏]“大府”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌大贡九赋,受其货贿之入,颁其货贿于诸府”之事。案《尚书·洪范》云:“一曰食,二曰货。”已上皆言饮食,此次,言货贿,故大府在此也。有贾者,府官须有市买,并须知物货善恶故也。
○注“大府”至“农矣”
○释曰(yue):大府(fu)(fu)与(yu)下诸府(fu)(fu)官为长,故(gu)以大夫(fu)为之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“若今(jin)司(si)农矣(yi)”者,汉时司(si)农主府(fu)(fu)藏,故(gu)史游(you)《章(zhang)》云(yun):“司(si)农、少府(fu)(fu)国之(zhi)(zhi)渊(yuan)。”
玉府(fu),上士(shi)二(er)人(ren),中士(shi)四人(ren),府(fu)二(er)人(ren),史二(er)人(ren),工八(ba)人(ren),贾八(ba)人(ren),胥四人(ren),徒四十有八(ba)人(ren)。(工,能(neng)攻玉者。)
[疏]“玉府”至“八人”
○释曰:玉府在此者,案其职云“掌王之金玉、玩好、兵器,凡良货贿之藏”。以玉为主,故与大府同在此。有工八人者,以其使攻玉故也。有贾者,使辨玉之善恶、贵贱故也。
○注“工能攻玉者”
○释曰:工谓(wei)作工。案《诗》云“他山之(zhi)石(shi),可(ke)以(yi)攻(gong)玉(yu)”,故须(xu)工。
内府,中士二人,府一人,史二人,徒十人。(内府,主良货贿藏在内者。
○贿,呼罪反。)
[疏]“内府”
○释曰(yue):内府在此者,案其职(zhi)云“掌(zhang)九(jiu)贡(gong)、九(jiu)赋、九(jiu)功之货贿、良兵、良器”,故在此也。
外府(fu),中士二人,府(fu)一人,史二人,徒十人。(外府(fu),主泉(quan)藏在(zai)外者(zhe)。)
[疏]“外府”至“十人”
○释曰:外府在此者,案其职云:“掌邦布之出入,以共百事”,故在此也。
○注“外府”至“外者”
○释曰:泉布本是外物(wu),无在(zai)内府,故对(dui)内府为(wei)外也。
司会,中大夫二人,下大夫四人,上士八人,中士十有六人,府四人,史八人,胥五人,徒五十人。(会,大计也。司会,主天下之大计,计官之长,若今尚书。
○会,古外反,注同(tong)。尚(shang),音常。)
[疏]“司会”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌邦之六典、八法、八则之贰,以逆邦国、都鄙、官府之治。”主天下大计,货贿亦须计会,故与大府连类在此也。
○注“会大”至“尚书”
○释曰(yue):言“会,大计”者(zhe),案宰夫(fu)职“日(ri)计曰(yue)成,月计曰(yue)要,岁(sui)计曰(yue)会”,故知会,大计也。云“主天下之(zhi)(zhi)大计”者(zhe),其职云“逆邦国、都鄙(bi)、官府”,是句考遍天下。云“若今(jin)尚(shang)(shang)书”者(zhe),汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)尚(shang)(shang)书亦主大计,故举以(yi)况之(zhi)(zhi)也。
司书,上士二人,中士四人,府二人,史四人,徒八人。(司书,主计会之簿书。
○簿(bu),步古反。後簿(bu)书皆同。)
[疏]“主司书”至“簿书”
○释(shi)曰:司书(shu)在(zai)此者,会(hui)计之事,司书(shu)主之,故(gu)其(qi)职云“凡上之用(yong)财用(yong),必考于司会(hui)”。故(gu)连类(lei)在(zai)此也。注言“簿(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)”者,古有简策(ce)以记事。若在(zai)君前,以笏记事。後代用(yong)簿(bu)(bu)(bu)。簿(bu)(bu)(bu),今手版(ban)。故(gu)云吏当持簿(bu)(bu)(bu),簿(bu)(bu)(bu)则(ze)簿(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)也。
职内,上士二人,中士四人,府四人,史四人,徒二十人。(职内,主入也。若今之泉所入谓之少内。
○少,诗照反。)
[疏]“职内”至“十人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌邦之赋入,辨其财用之物而执其总”,入太府者,皆由职内,亦有府义,故郑云“受用之府若职内”,故其职在此也。
○注“若今”至“少内”
○释曰:汉之(zhi)少(shao)内,亦主泉所入。案王氏《汉官解》云(yun):“小官啬(se)夫各(ge)擅(shan)其职(zhi),谓仓库少(shao)内啬(se)夫之(zhi)属,各(ge)自擅(shan)其条理所职(zhi)主。”由此言(yan)之(zhi),少(shao)内藏聚(ju),似今之(zhi)少(shao)府,但官卑职(zhi)碎,以少(shao)为名。
职岁,上士四人,中士八人,府四人,史八人,徒二十人。(主岁计以岁断。
○断,丁(ding)乱(luan)反。)
[疏]“职岁”
○释(shi)曰:在此者,案(an)其(qi)职(zhi)云(yun):“掌邦(bang)之(zhi)赋出,以贰官府都鄙之(zhi)财出赐之(zhi)数(shu),以待会计而(er)考之(zhi)。”总断一岁之(zhi)大计,故(gu)与司会同在此也。
职(zhi)币,上士(shi)二人(ren),中士(shi)四人(ren),府二人(ren),史(shi)四人(ren),贾四人(ren),胥(xu)二人(ren),徒二十人(ren)。
[疏]“职币”
○释(shi)曰:在(zai)此者,案其职(zhi)(zhi)云:“掌(zhang)式法以(yi)敛官府、都鄙与(yu)凡(fan)用(yong)邦财者之(zhi)币,以(yi)待上之(zhi)赐予”,与(yu)职(zhi)(zhi)岁通职(zhi)(zhi),故连(lian)类在(zai)此也(ye)。若然(ran),此三职(zhi)(zhi)皆有府义,不得(de)名府者,以(yi)财不久(jiu)停(ting)故也(ye)。
司(si)裘,中(zhong)士二人(ren)(ren)(ren),下士四人(ren)(ren)(ren),府(fu)二人(ren)(ren)(ren),史四人(ren)(ren)(ren),徒四十人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
[疏]“司裘”
○释曰:在此者(zhe),案其职云:“掌为大裘,并(bing)掌皮”,亦有府义,故在此。
掌(zhang)皮,下士四(si)人,府(fu)二(er)人,史四(si)人,徒四(si)十人。
[疏]“掌皮”
○释曰(yue):在(zai)此者,案其职云:“掌秋敛皮,冬敛革,春献之”,亦有府义,故连(lian)类(lei)在(zai)此也。
内(nei)宰,下大(da)夫二人,上士四人,中士八(ba)人,府四人,史八(ba)人,胥八(ba)人,徒八(ba)十人。(内(nei)宰,宫中官之长。)
[疏]“内宰”至“十人”
○释曰:名“内宰”者,对大宰治百官,内宰治妇人之事,故名内宰。然则大宰不称外者,为兼统内也。案其职云“掌治王内之政令”,又教后已下妇德之事,以王事少暇,故次在此也。
○注“内宰”至“之长”
○释曰:内(nei)宰与下女史已下为长(zhang),故郑(zheng)云“宫中(zhong)官之长(zhang)”。
内小(xiao)臣,奄上(shang)士(shi)四人(ren)(ren),史二人(ren)(ren),徒八人(ren)(ren)。(奄称(cheng)士(shi)者(zhe),异其(qi)贤。)
[疏]“内小”至“八人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王后之命,正其服位”。案《夏官·大仆职》云:“出入王之大命,正其服位”,则此小臣侍后职与大仆侍王同,亦是佐后之事,故在此,用奄者,以其所掌在内故。
○注“奄称士者异其贤”
○释曰:案(an)上酒(jiu)人、浆(jiang)人等奄并不称(cheng)士(shi)(shi),则非(fei)士(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。独(du)此云(yun)(yun),以其(qi)有贤行(xing)命为(wei)士(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)士(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。案(an):《诗》巷(xiang)(xiang)伯,奄官也(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“巷(xiang)(xiang)伯,内小臣(chen),小臣(chen)於宫中为(wei)近(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓之巷(xiang)(xiang)伯。”必知巷(xiang)(xiang)伯与小臣(chen)为(wei)一(yi)人者,以其(qi)俱名奄。又言(yan)巷(xiang)(xiang),亦宫中为(wei)近(jin)。又称(cheng)伯,长也(ye)(ye)。内小臣(chen)又称(cheng)士(shi)(shi),亦是(shi)长义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知一(yi)人也(ye)(ye)。
阍人,王宫每门四人,囿游亦如之。(阍人,司昏晨以启闭者。刑人墨者使守门。囿,御苑也。游,离宫也。
○阍,音昏。囿,音又。ヵ,本亦作(zuo)游(you),音由。)
[疏]“阍人”至“如之”
○释曰:在此者,以其掌守中门之禁,王宫在此,故亦在此。《周礼》之内,有同官别职,则此阍人每门及囿游同名阍人而职别。《山虞》、《泽虞》云“每大泽大山及川衡林衡”,亦是别职同官也。别官同职者,唯有官连耳。
○注“阍人”至“宫也”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),司(si)昏(hun)晨(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)启(qi)闭”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)《释名》阍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。昏(hun)时(shi)闭门(men)(men)(men)(men),则(ze)此(ci)名阍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。晨(chen)时(shi)启(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men),则(ze)《论语》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晨(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)事为(wei)(wei)(wei)名耳(er)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)(men)(men)”,此(ci)《秋(qiu)官·掌戮》职文(wen)。郑(zheng)彼(bi)(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黥者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无妨於(wu)禁(jin)御(yu),欲使(shi)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)(men)(men)。”案其(qi)(qi)职云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌守(shou)(shou)中(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)。”言(yan)中(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),则(ze)唯雉门(men)(men)(men)(men)耳(er)。而言(yan)每(mei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)言(yan)中(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),据(ju)有禁(jin)守(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)实王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men),皆(jie)使(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或解以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王有五(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men),四面皆(jie)有中(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)言(yan)每(mei)门(men)(men)(men)(men),义(yi)亦(yi)通(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《礼(li)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)守(shou)(shou)门(men)(men)(men)(men)。”彼(bi)(bi)郑(zheng)注谓(wei)夏殷时(shi)。《公(gong)羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“阍杀吴子(zi)馀祭(ji),近(jin)刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),轻(qing)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。”彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宠,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)近(jin)刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),轻(qing)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。若君(jun)有防卫,不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)近(jin),则(ze)非近(jin)刑(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)劓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)守(shou)(shou)关,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)丑(chou)恶远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得约彼(bi)(bi)即(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)二门(men)(men)(men)(men)皆(jie)使(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昏(hun)靡共”,笺(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)奄(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”。彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)后宫(gong)(gong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)使(shi)奄(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“囿(you)御(yu)苑(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王在灵囿(you)”,注:“所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养禽兽(shou),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)百里(li)(li),诸(zhu)侯四十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”案《孟(meng)子(zi)》:齐(qi)宣王问《孟(meng)子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)方七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),犹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao),寡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)囿(you)方四十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),犹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da),何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?”孟(meng)子(zi)答(da):“文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you),刍荛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)往(wang)焉,雉兔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)往(wang)焉,与民同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)宜乎!君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you),民杀其(qi)(qi)麋鹿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如杀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui),民以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)宜乎!”则(ze)文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囿(you)方七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)於(wu)诸(zhu)侯,小(xiao)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白(bai)虎(hu)(hu)通(tong)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)百里(li)(li),大(da)国四十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),次国三十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),小(xiao)国二十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”与《孟(meng)子(zi)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《白(bai)虎(hu)(hu)通(tong)》细(xi)别(bie)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“游(you),离(li)宫(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),囿(you)是(shi)大(da)苑(yuan),其(qi)(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)皆(jie)使(shi)阍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)离(li)宫(gong)(gong),即(ji)囿(you)游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兽(shou)禁(jin),故(gu)彼(bi)(bi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),谓(wei)囿(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)离(li)宫(gong)(gong)小(xiao)苑(yuan)观处也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)游(you)亦(yi)谓(wei)城(cheng)郭(guo)中(zhong)兴(xing)公(gong)所为(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
寺人(ren),王之正内五人(ren)。(寺之言侍也。《诗》云“寺人(ren)孟子”。正内,路寝。)
[疏]“寺人”至“五人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云“掌王之内人及女宫之戒令”,故在此。
○注“寺之”至“路寝”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“寺(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)言侍”者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)取亲近侍御之(zhi)(zhi)义。此奄人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。知者(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)僖二十四(si)年:晋(jin)文公(gong)(gong)既(ji)入,吕、欲(yu)焚公(gong)(gong)宫(gong)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)披请见(jian)(jian),公(gong)(gong)使(shi)让之(zhi)(zhi),且(qie)辞焉。披曰:“齐桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)置(zhi)射钩(gou)而(er)使(shi)管仲相,君(jun)(jun)若易之(zhi)(zhi),行者(zhe)(zhe)甚众,岂唯(wei)刑臣。”彼寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)披自(zi)称(cheng)刑人(ren)(ren)(ren),明(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)奄人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。若然,寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)既(ji)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)内人(ren)(ren)(ren),不掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)男(nan)子(zi)。而(er)秦(qin)诗云(yun)(yun):“欲(yu)见(jian)(jian)国君(jun)(jun),先(xian)令寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,而(er)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)男(nan)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),彼秦(qin)仲,宣王(wang)(wang)命作大(da)夫(fu),始大(da),有车马(ma),其官未备,故寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)兼小臣,是以寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)得掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)男(nan)子(zi)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)“寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)孟子(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),引证经寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、孟子(zi)同也。又云(yun)(yun)“正内,路寝(qin)(qin)”者(zhe)(zhe),寺(si)(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)既(ji)不得在王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)路寝(qin)(qin),而(er)云(yun)(yun)内正五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),谓在后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)路寝(qin)(qin)耳。若王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)路寝(qin)(qin),不得称(cheng)内;以后(hou)宫(gong),故以内言之(zhi)(zhi)。故先(xian)郑下注(zhu)后(hou)六宫(gong),前一後五(wu),前一则(ze)路寝(qin)(qin)。
内竖,倍寺人之数。(竖,未冠者之官名。
○冠,古乱反。)
[疏]“内竖”至“之数”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌内外之通令,凡小事”。故与寺人连类在此也。
○注“竖未”至“官名”
○释曰:《春秋左氏(shi)传》叔孙(sun)穆子(zi)幸(xing)庚宗妇人而生(sheng)牛,以(yi)为(wei)(wei)竖官(guan)。则亦童(tong)竖未(wei)冠者。必使童(tong)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)者,郑於其(qi)职注云(yun):“使童(tong)竖通王内外(wai)之(zhi)命,给小事(shi)者,以(yi)其(qi)无与为(wei)(wei)礼,出入便疾(ji)也。”
九嫔。(嫔妇也。《昏义》曰:“古者天子后立六宫,三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻,以听天下之内治,以明章妇顺,故天下内和而家理也。”不列夫人于此官者,夫人之於后,犹三公之於王,坐而论妇礼,无官职。
○嫔,符真反。治(zhi),直吏反。)
[疏]“九嫔”
○释曰:在此者,以其有妇德。其职云:“掌妇学之法,以教九御”,同是内宫之官,故亦在此。
○注“嫔妇也”至“官职”
○释(shi)曰:引《昏义》者,彼是周之(zhi)(zhi)妇官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu),与(yu)此经妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)同,故引以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)证(zheng)。案(an)《礼(li)记(ji)·上(shang)檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“舜葬仓梧(wu),盖三(san)(san)(san)妃(fei)未之(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“帝(di)(di)喾(ku)时立四(si)妃(fei),象后妃(fei)四(si)星,其(qi)(qi)一(yi)明者为(wei)(wei)(wei)正妃(fei),其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)小者为(wei)(wei)(wei)次妃(fei),帝(di)(di)尧因(yin)焉(yan)。至(zhi)舜,不告而(er)(er)(er)娶,不立正妃(fei),但三(san)(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)已。夏(xia)后氏(shi)增以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)九(jiu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)又增以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)九(jiu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi),合(he)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。周人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)法(fa)帝(di)(di)喾(ku)而(er)(er)(er)立正妃(fei),又三(san)(san)(san)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)增三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)并(bing)后,合(he)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)位:后也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),九(jiu)嫔(pin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)世(shi)妇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)女御也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不列(lie)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于此”,惟有九(jiu)嫔(pin)已下,是无(wu)三(san)(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)於后,犹(you)三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)於王,坐而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)妇礼(li),无(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)职(zhi)”者,谓三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)无(wu)三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。案(an)《大司徒职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“二(er)卿则公(gong)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)者,内与(yu)王论(lun)道,中(zhong)参六官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)事,外(wai)与(yu)六卿之(zhi)(zhi)教。”又案(an)《冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)·考(kao)工记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“坐而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)道,谓之(zhi)(zhi)王公(gong)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)、诸侯。”然(ran)则公(gong)中(zhong)合(he)有三(san)(san)(san)公(gong),坐而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)道无(wu)正职(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)参”、“外(wai)与(yu)”而(er)(er)(er)已。三(san)(san)(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦然(ran),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“坐而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)礼(li),无(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)职(zhi)”,故不列(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
世妇。(不言数(shu)者,君子(zi)不苟(gou)於色,有妇德者充之,无则阙。)
[疏]注“不言”至“则阙”
○释曰:在此(ci)者,案其(qi)职云(yun)“掌祭祀、宾客、丧纪、帅女(nv)(nv)宫而(er)濯溉”,故(gu)亦在此(ci)。九(jiu)嫔言(yan)数(shu),而(er)世(shi)妇(fu)(fu)、女(nv)(nv)御不言(yan)数(shu)者,君(jun)子不苟(gou)於色(se),有妇(fu)(fu)德(de)乃(nai)充(chong)之。不言(yan)王(wang)而(er)云(yun)君(jun)子者,谓君(jun)子为王(wang),乃(nai)能不苟(gou)色(se)也。九(jiu)嫔言(yan)数(shu)者,欲见(jian)世(shi)妇(fu)(fu)、女(nv)(nv)御有德(de)亦充(chong)。若九(jiu)嫔无德(de),亦与(yu)世(shi)妇(fu)(fu)女(nv)(nv)御同阙,故(gu)特互其(qi)文,令义两得见(jian)耳。
女御。(《昏义》所谓御妻(qi)。御犹进也(ye),侍(shi)也(ye)。)
[疏]注“昏义”至“侍也”
○释曰(yue):彼不云“女御(yu)”而云“御(yu)妻”,御(yu),进(jin)也(ye),故(gu)彼引(yin)为一物也(ye)。又云“御(yu)犹进(jin)也(ye),侍也(ye)”者,凡后下御(yu),皆是后宫进(jin)在王寝侍息宴,故(gu)《女御(yu)职》云“掌御(yu)叙于王之燕寝”。是以训御(yu)云进(jin)也(ye)、侍也(ye)。
女祝四人,奚八人。(女祝,女奴晓祝事者。
○祝(zhu),之六反,郑又之又反。)
[疏]“女祝”至“八人”
○释曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌王后之内祭祀,凡内祷祠之事。”故在此也。
○注“女祝”至“事者”
○释曰:言女奴晓事,谓识文者为(wei)之(zhi)也。
女(nv)(nv)史八人(ren),奚十有(you)六人(ren)。(女(nv)(nv)史,女(nv)(nv)奴晓书者。)
[疏]“女史”
○释曰:在(zai)此者,案(an)其职云:“掌王后之礼(li)职,内治之贰”,亦女(nv)奴晓(xiao)文者为之。其职与(yu)王之大史(shi)掌礼(li)同,故在(zai)此也。
典妇功(gong),中士二人(ren),下士四(si)人(ren),府二人(ren),史四(si)人(ren),工(gong)四(si)人(ren),贾四(si)人(ren),徒二十人(ren)。(典,主也。典妇功(gong)者,主妇人(ren)丝(si)功(gong)官之长(zhang)。)
[疏]“典妇”
○释(shi)曰:在此者,案其职云:“掌妇式之法,以受嫔妇及(ji)内人(ren)女功之事(shi)赍。”故郑注云:“典(dian),主也。典(dian)妇功者,主妇人(ren)丝功官(guan)之长(zhang)。”其职中赍是(shi)也。云“贾(jia)四(si)人(ren)”者,以其丝有善恶、贵贱之事(shi),故须贾(jia)人(ren)也。
典丝,下士二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),府二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),史(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),贾四人(ren)(ren),徒十有(you)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)。
[疏]释曰(yue):在(zai)此者,案其职云:“掌(zhang)丝入(ru)而辨其物(wu)。颁丝于(yu)外内工,皆以(yi)物(wu)授(shou)之。”因妇功,亦(yi)在(zai)此也。
典,下士二人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(
○,丝里反。)
[疏]“典”
○释曰:,麻也(ye)。案《丧服传》云(yun):“牡(mu)麻者,麻也(ye)。”则是雄麻,对苴是麻之有ナ实(shi)者也(ye)。在此(ci)者,与典妇功,亦连(lian)类在此(ci)也(ye)。
内司服,奄一人,女御二人,奚八人。(内司服,主宫中裁缝宫之长。有女御者,以衣服进,或当於王,广其礼,使无色过。
○缝,戚奉容反,徐扶用反,下同。)
[疏]“内司”至“八人”
○释曰:以其掌后已下六服。言“内司服”者,非是对《春官·司服》男子服为内。但是男子之物不言外者,在外是其常也。故不须言外而外自显。但以妇人在内,故妇人之事多言内。若不言内,无以得见妇人之物。不与春官司服同处者,以从内官之例,故在此。有“奄一人”者,以其衣服事多,须男子兼掌。以与妇人同处,故用奄也。
○注“内司服”至“色过”
○释曰:言“主宫中裁缝(feng)官之长”者(zhe)(zhe),谓其(qi)下文缝(feng)人(ren)(ren)为长。又云“有(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),以衣(yi)服(fu)进(jin)(jin)(jin),或(huo)(huo)当於(wu)王(wang),广其(qi)礼(li),使无色过”者(zhe)(zhe),以此女(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)还是女(nv)(nv)(nv)奴(nu)晓进(jin)(jin)(jin)御(yu)衣(yi)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),故与女(nv)(nv)(nv)酒(jiu)、女(nv)(nv)(nv)祝、女(nv)(nv)(nv)史同号女(nv)(nv)(nv)也。以衣(yi)服(fu)进(jin)(jin)(jin),谓进(jin)(jin)(jin)衣(yi)于王(wang)。王(wang)见之,或(huo)(huo)当王(wang)意,广其(qi)礼(li),得(de)与八十一女(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)同名。欲见百二十人(ren)(ren)外,兼(jian)有(you)此女(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)之礼(li),王(wang)合御(yu)幸(xing)之,使王(wang)无淫色之过,故名女(nv)(nv)(nv)御(yu)也。
缝人,奄二人,女御八人,女工八十人,奚三十人。(女工,女奴晓裁缝者。
○缝,刘扶(fu)用反。)
[疏]“缝人”至“十人”
○释曰(yue):在此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe),案其职云:“掌王宫缝线之事,以缝王及后(hou)之衣(yi)服”,故在此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。奄二(er)人,亦是(shi)缝线事多,须(xu)有(you)男子故也(ye)(ye)。有(you)女(nv)御者(zhe)(zhe),义同於(wu)上也(ye)(ye)。有(you)女(nv)工者(zhe)(zhe),谓女(nv)奴巧者(zhe)(zhe),郑云“晓裁缝者(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)(ye)。
染人,下士二人,府二人,史二人,徒二十人。(
○染,如(ru)艳反,刘而俭反。)
[疏]“染人”
○释曰:在此者,案其(qi)职云“掌染丝帛”,因妇(fu)人衣(yi)服,故(gu)亦连类在此也(ye)。
追师,下士二人,府一人,史二人,工二人,徒四人。(追,治玉石之名。
○追,丁回(hui)反,一(yi)曰(yue)雕。)
[疏]“追师”至“四人”
○释曰:在此者,职云:“掌王后之首服,为副、编、次、追衡、笄”,亦因妇人衣服,连类在此。
○注“治玉石之名”
○释曰:《诗》云:“追(zhui)(zhui)琢其(qi)璋。”璋是(shi)玉(yu)为之,则追(zhui)(zhui)与琢皆是(shi)治玉(yu)石之名也。若(ruo)然,男子首服在(zai)(zai)《夏(xia)官(guan)·弁师》者(zhe),以其(qi)男子,是(shi)阳义(yi),又取夏(xia)时万物(wu)长(zhang)大,长(zhang)大乃冠,故(gu)在(zai)(zai)夏(xia)官(guan)。此(ci)妇人,直取首服配(pei)衣,故(gu)与衣连类在(zai)(zai)此(ci)。若(ruo)然,首反处下者(zhe),以冠履自相(xiang)对(dui),不(bu)与服为先後,故(gu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)上也。
屦人,下士二人,府一人,史一人,工八人,徒四人。(
○屦,纪具反(fan)。)
[疏]“屦人”
○释曰(yue):在(zai)(zai)此(ci)者,案其(qi)职(zhi)云“掌王(wang)及后之服屦”,故从内官衣服,亦连类在(zai)(zai)此(ci)。若然,追师专掌妇人首服,此(ci)屦人兼男子,屦舄在(zai)(zai)下(xia)体,贱,故男子妇人同在(zai)(zai)此(ci)官也。
夏采,下士四人,史一人,徒四人。(夏采,夏翟羽色。《禹贡》:徐州贡夏翟之羽。有虞氏以为,後世或无,故染鸟羽,象而用之,谓之夏采。
○夏(xia),户雅(ya)反(fan),注同。翟,雉名。采,如(ru)字(zi),或作菜。翟,音狄。,如(ru)谁反(fan)。)
[疏]“夏采”至“四人”
○释曰:在此者,其职云:“掌大丧以冕服复于大祖,以乘车建复于四郊。”丧事是终,故在末职也。
○注“夏采”至“夏采”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“伊洛(luo)而南(nan),素质,五(wu)采皆(jie)备成章(zhang),曰(yue)。江(jiang)淮而南(nan),青质,五(wu)采皆(jie)备成章(zhang),谓之(zhi)(zhi)鹞。”此(ci)则夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)色也(ye)。又(you)(you)案《禹贡》徐州(zhou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“羽(yu)(yu)畎夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)”,是徐州(zhou)贡夏(xia)翟(zhai)(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)也(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)虞氏(shi)以为(wei)”者(zhe),《明堂(tang)位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)虞氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),夏(xia)后氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)虞氏(shi)当言,夏(xia)后氏(shi)当言。”彼据虞氏(shi)始有(you),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)虞氏(shi)以为(wei)也(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後世或(huo)无”者(zhe),案《冬官·考工(gong)记(ji)》有(you)“锺(zhong)氏(shi)染(ran)(ran)羽(yu)(yu)”,若有(you)自然鸟羽(yu)(yu),何须染(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)乎?故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後世或(huo)无”,则据此(ci)周时而言也(ye),故染(ran)(ran)鸟羽(yu)(yu)而用之(zhi)(zhi)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)“夏(xia)采”者(zhe),夏(xia)即五(wu)色也(ye)。此(ci)职中(zhong)注及彼注皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓注旄(mao)於干首(shou)”,不云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)翟(zhai)(zhai)羽(yu)(yu)者(zhe),盖注文(wen)不具耳。