●卷四
大司徒之(zhi)职，掌建邦之(zhi)土地(di)之(zhi)图与(yu)其人民之(zhi)数，以佐王安扰邦国。（土地(di)之(zhi)图，若(ruo)今司空郡国舆地(di)图。）
[疏]“大师”至“邦国”
○释曰：司徒既欲佐王安扰邦国，故先须知土地之图人民之数。
○注“土地”至“地图”
○释曰：案：汉萧何收秦图籍，以(yi)(yi)知天(tian)下厄塞(sai)广(guang)远。至後汉乃有司空郡国(guo)(guo)地图。舆(yu)者(zhe)，车舆(yu)，其前牙(ya)曲(qu)。地形不(bu)可正方(fang)，故云舆(yu)地图也。案：《职(zhi)方(fang)》亦云“掌天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)图”，注(zhu)直云“如今(jin)司空舆(yu)地图”，不(bu)云郡国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)，彼以(yi)(yi)司马主(zhu)九(jiu)(jiu)畿并(bing)夷狄(di)而言，故不(bu)得云郡国(guo)(guo)。此经云主(zhu)人民之(zhi)(zhi)数，则唯据九(jiu)(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)中，郡国(guo)(guo)在九(jiu)(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，故此注(zhu)云郡国(guo)(guo)也。
以天下土地之图，周知九州之地域广轮之数，辨其山林、川泽、丘陵、坟衍、原隰之名物；（周犹彳扁也。九州，扬、荆、豫、青、兖、雍、幽、冀、并也。轮，从也。积石曰山，竹木曰林，注渎曰川，水锺曰泽，土高曰丘，大阜曰陵，水崖曰坟，下平曰衍，高平曰原，下湿曰隰。名物者，十等之名与所生之物。
○广，古旷反(fan)。坟(fen)，扶云(yun)反(fan)。原，本又作{备逯}。彳扁，音遍。雍，於用反(fan)。从，子容反(fan)。）
[疏]“以天”至“名物”
○释曰：上经云土地图，为人民之数而言之，此经云土地图，据十等土地而说也，故云“周知九州之地域广轮之数”。马融云：“东西为广，南北为轮。”案：《王制》南北两近一遥，东西两遥一近，是南北长东西短，谓知此数也。又辨其山林川泽以下十等形状名号及所出之物也。
○注“周犹”至“之物”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：九州扬(yang)荆以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，据(ju)《职(zhi)方》周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九州而(er)(er)言(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)幽(you)(you)、并，无(wu)徐、梁(liang)，《禹贡(gong)》据(ju)夏以(yi)前九州，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)徐、梁(liang)，无(wu)幽(you)(you)、并也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“轮从也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)南北(bei)，义与马(ma)同。不释(shi)广(guang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，东西(xi)可(ke)知(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“积石(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“节彼南山(shan)(shan)(shan)，维(wei)石(shi)岩(yan)岩(yan)”，郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岩(yan)岩(yan)，积石(shi)貌。”郑据(ju)此(ci)而(er)(er)言(yan)。案(an)(an)(an)：《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)别(bie)释(shi)，则丘(qiu)是(shi)纯土(tu)，其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)皆石(shi)，亦(yi)有(you)(you)兼(jian)土(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)石(shi)戴土(tu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崔嵬。又周(zhou)语云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫山(shan)(shan)(shan)，土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)”，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)土(tu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竹(zhu)木(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)林(lin)(lin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓生(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)地(di)(di)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)川泽别(bie)官，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)竹(zhu)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)地(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)林(lin)(lin)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“注(zhu)(zhu)渎(du)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)川”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《释(shi)水》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“注(zhu)(zhu)川曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，注(zhu)(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)谷，注(zhu)(zhu)谷曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)沟，注(zhu)(zhu)沟曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)浍(hui)，注(zhu)(zhu)浍(hui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)渎(du)。”彼注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“皆以(yi)小注(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)，大(da)(da)(da)小异(yi)名。”言(yan)注(zhu)(zhu)浍(hui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)渎(du)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓以(yi)浍(hui)中水注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)渎(du)中，使有(you)(you)所去。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)注(zhu)(zhu)渎(du)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)川者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》无(wu)此(ci)言(yan)，郑以(yi)义增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，谓以(yi)渎(du)中水注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)川。案(an)(an)(an)：《职(zhi)方》九州皆直川，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)从渎(du)入(ru)川。此(ci)渎(du)与四(si)渎(du)义异(yi)，四(si)渎(du)则亦(yi)川，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《职(zhi)方》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)川三(san)江，其(qi)(qi)川江汉也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“水锺曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)语》虞大(da)(da)(da)子晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“土(tu)高(gao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)丘(qiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)别(bie)释(shi)，则丘(qiu)无(wu)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)阜(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)·释(shi)地(di)(di)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)，大(da)(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阜(fu)，大(da)(da)(da)阜(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)，大(da)(da)(da)陵(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阿(a)，可(ke)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。”是(shi)陵(ling)与丘(qiu)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)异(yi)称，皆无(wu)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《左氏》僖三(san)十二年云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ゾ有(you)(you)二陵(ling)，南陵(ling)夏后(hou)皋(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)北(bei)陵(ling)，文(wen)(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所避风雨”，是(shi)有(you)(you)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“水崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重崖(ya)岸(an)坟(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)防”，是(shi)坟(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)崖(ya)岸(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)水崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“遵彼汝坟(fen)(fen)”，是(shi)汝水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)防，亦(yi)是(shi)水崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)(xia)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)十地(di)(di)皆两两相对为(wei)(wei)名，坟(fen)(fen)既(ji)水崖(ya)而(er)(er)高(gao)，明衍为(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)平(ping)。此(ci)下(xia)(xia)平(ping)又与下(xia)(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“广(guang)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)”，不云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。此(ci)言(yan)高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对下(xia)(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰而(er)(er)言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)实(shi)高(gao)平(ping)即(ji)广(guang)平(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)傍(bang)平(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)可(ke)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)·释(shi)地(di)(di)》文(wen)(wen)。若然，《禹贡(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)既(ji)作”，注(zhu)(zhu)：“大(da)(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)，地(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)·释(shi)地(di)(di)》八薮(sou)，晋有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)，彼是(shi)薮(sou)泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，称与高(gao)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)十等名异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与所生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)土(tu)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法以(yi)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
而辨其邦国都鄙之数，制其畿疆而沟封之，设其社稷之而树之田主，各以其野之所宜木，遂以名其社与其野。（千里曰畿。疆犹界也。《春秋传》曰：“吾子︹理天下。”沟，穿地为阻固也。封，起土界也。社稷，后土及田正之神。，坛与眉埒也。田主，田神后土田正之所依也，诗人谓之田祖。所宜木，谓若松柏栗也。若以松为社者，则名松社之野，以别方面。
○，维癸反(fan)。别(bie)，彼(bi)列反(fan)，下(xia)同。）
[疏]“而辨”至“其野”
○释曰：云“辨其邦国”者，谓分别畿外诸侯邦国多少之数，谓若《王制》云“畿外八州，州二百一十国”也。云“辨其都鄙之数”者，谓分别畿内三等采地之数，谓若《王制》“畿内九十三国”也。云“制其畿疆”者，王畿内千里，中置王城，面有五百里，其邦国都鄙亦皆有畿界也。云“而沟封之”者，谓於疆界之上设沟，沟上为封树以为阻固也。云“设其社稷之”者，谓於中门之外右边设大社、大稷，王社、王稷，又於庙门之屏设胜国之社稷，其社稷外皆有埒於四面也。云“而树之田主”者，谓藉田之内依树木而为田主。云“各以其野之所宜木”者，王之田主唯一而已，不得云“各”，今云“各”者，总据邦国都鄙并王者而言也。云“遂以名其社与其野”者，谓假令以松为社，则名松社之野，馀皆放此也。
○注“千里”至“方面”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“千里曰(yue)(yue)畿”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《职方》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋(qiu)传》曰(yue)(yue)吾(wu)子(zi)疆(jiang)理天(tian)(tian)下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《左(zuo)氏传》成二(er)年鞍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战，齐侯使国(guo)佐赂晋师(shi)，晋人不许，曰(yue)(yue)：“使齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封内尽东其(qi)亩。”国(guo)佐对云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“先(xian)王(wang)疆(jiang)理天(tian)(tian)下(xia)物土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘我(wo)疆(jiang)我(wo)理，南东其(qi)亩’，今(jin)吾(wu)子(zi)疆(jiang)理诸侯。”彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)先(xian)王(wang)疆(jiang)理天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吾(wu)子(zi)疆(jiang)理诸侯，此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吾(wu)子(zi)疆(jiang)理天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，不同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“沟穿(chuan)地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阻固也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓穿(chuan)地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)深沟，即(ji)是(shi)阻固也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“封起土界(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，穿(chuan)沟出土於岸，即(ji)皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)封，封即(ji)起土界(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)后(hou)土及田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)义依《孝经纬(wei)》。社(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句龙生时为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)土官，有(you)(you)(you)功於土，死(si)配社(she)(she)而食(shi)。稷(ji)(ji)是(shi)原隰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，宜(yi)(yi)五(wu)。五(wu)不可遍举，稷(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长，立稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)名，故(gu)(gu)(gu)号稷(ji)(ji)。弃为(wei)(wei)(wei)尧时稷(ji)(ji)官，立稼穑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，有(you)(you)(you)功於民，死(si)乃配稷(ji)(ji)而食(shi)，名为(wei)(wei)(wei)田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)后(hou)土及田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，双言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“坛(tan)与(yu)眉埒(lie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，即(ji)眉埒(lie)。不云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)坛(tan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在坛(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四面(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)坛(tan)可知，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)兼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)坛(tan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案：《礼记·郊(jiao)封牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君南面(mian)(mian)(mian)於北墉下(xia)”，郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北墉，社(she)(she)内北墙。”彼(bi)社(she)(she)虽(sui)无室，坛(tan)外四面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)壁，壁外乃有(you)(you)(you)耳。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran)，《封人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)设(she)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)官卑，主(zhu)设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此大司(si)徒尊官，直主(zhu)其(qi)制(zhi)度(du)而已(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“田(tian)主(zhu)，田(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)后(hou)土田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)依也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此田(tian)主(zhu)当在藉田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)依树(shu)木而为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)木。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)田(tian)主(zhu)田(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓《郊(jiao)特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)先(xian)穑与(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran)，郑(zheng)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)，则无后(hou)土及田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，直以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)祭，尊可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及卑，故(gu)(gu)(gu)使后(hou)土、田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)二(er)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)凭依之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，同(tong)坛(tan)共位耳。田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)则《郊(jiao)特牲》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)啬，一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)引(yin)(yin)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)祖”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)田(tian)祖”，毛云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“田(tian)祖，先(xian)穑。”《章》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡国(guo)祈年于田(tian)祖”，郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“田(tian)祖，始耕田(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证田(tian)主(zhu)是(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)木谓若(ruo)(ruo)松(song)(song)(song)(song)柏(bo)(bo)栗(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)《论语》哀公(gong)问(wen)社(she)(she)於宰(zai)我(wo)，对云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏后(hou)氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，殷人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柏(bo)(bo)，周(zhou)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栗(li)”。彼(bi)三代(dai)所(suo)(suo)都异(yi)处，所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木不同(tong)。夏居(ju)平阳(yang)宜(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，殷居(ju)亳宜(yi)(yi)柏(bo)(bo)，周(zhou)居(ju)镐京宜(yi)(yi)栗(li)。此经虽(sui)据(ju)周(zhou)一(yi)代(dai)而言，其(qi)邦国(guo)都鄙异(yi)处所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木亦复(fu)不同(tong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)(ruo)松(song)(song)(song)(song)柏(bo)(bo)栗(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则名松(song)(song)(song)(song)社(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此取松(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)，假(jia)设(she)而言耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但四方宜(yi)(yi)木，面(mian)(mian)(mian)各不同(tong)，或一(yi)方宜(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)馀(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)耳。
以土会之法辨五地之物生：一曰山林，其动物宜毛物，其植物宜早物，其民毛而方。二曰川泽，其动物宜鳞物，其植物宜膏物，其民黑而津。三曰丘陵，其动物宜羽物，其植物宜物，其民专而长。四曰坟衍，其动物宜介物，其植物宜荚物，其民而瘠。五曰原隰，其动物宜物，其植物宜丛物，其民丰肉而庳。（会，计也。以土计贡税之法，因别此五者也。毛物，貂狐<豸>貉之属，缛毛者也。鳞物，鱼龙之属。津，润也。羽物，翟雉之属。核物，李梅之属。专，圜也。介物，龟鳖之属，水居陆生者。荚物，荠荚王棘之属。，白也。瘠，瞿也。物，虎豹貔<豸禽>之属，浅毛者。丛物，萑苇之属。丰犹厚也。庳犹短也。杜子春读生为牲。郑司农云：“植物，根生之属。皂物，柞栗之属，今世间谓柞实为皂斗。膏物谓杨柳之属，理致且白如膏。”玄谓膏当为字之误也。莲芡之实有韬。
○会，古外(wai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同(tong)(tong)(tong)。早，音(yin)皂(zao)，本(ben)或(huo)作(zuo)皂(zao)，注同(tong)(tong)(tong)。鳞，刘本(ben)作(zuo)<麦鱼>，音(yin)鳞。津，如字(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)本(ben)作(zuo)氵尽，音(yin)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。，音(yin)核。专(zhuan)，徒(tu)丸反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同(tong)(tong)(tong)。长(zhang)，如字(zi)(zi)，下注“长(zhang)於土圭”同(tong)(tong)(tong)。介(jie)，音(yin)界。荚，古协反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。，音(yin)锡，白色(se)也。，力果(guo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。丛(cong)，才东反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。肉，如字(zi)(zi)，刘而树反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。庳(bi)，音(yin)婢(bi)。貂，音(yin)。<豸(zhi)>，吐官(guan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。貉(he)，胡洛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，依字(zi)(zi)作(zuo)<豸(zhi)舟>。缛，音(yin)辱，一(yi)(yi)音(yin)如勇反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。圜(yuan)，音(yin)圆，又徒(tu)丸反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。瞿(ju)，其俱反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，又作(zuo)瞿(ju)，音(yin)梢与《考工记(ji)》“後”音(yin)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。貔，音(yin)毗(pi)，一(yi)(yi)音(yin)房(fang)私反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。<豸(zhi)禽>，敕宜(yi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。萑(huan)，音(yin)丸。苇，于鬼反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。柞，于洛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。致，直记(ji)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。，古毛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，刘古到反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。芡(qian)，音(yin)俭。韬，吐刀反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“以土”至“而庳”
○释曰：云会，计也，以土地计会所出贡税之法。贡税出於五地，故须说五地所生不同也，故云“以土会之法”也。云“辨五地之物生”者，但天之所覆，地之所载，地有五等，所生无过动植及民耳，故云辨五地之物生。上经云十等，此云五地，不同者，上经细别而言则十等，以类相并而言故五等，其实一也。“一曰山林”者，此五地以高下相对，故一曰山林，山林高之极者。“二曰川泽”，川泽下之极者，故以为对也。又五地之内，以民之资生取於动植之物，故先言动植，後言民也。山林之中，其动物宜毛物，其植物宜皂物，其民毛而方，此五地人物之等，皆方以类聚，物以群分。及民之所生，皆因地气所感不同，故使形类有异也。
○注“会计”至“韬”
○释(shi)曰：案(an)(an)《宰夫职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)计曰会”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会，计也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)计贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)地(di)中(zhong)而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)会计者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)计贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，因别此(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貂狐<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)>貉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，依(yi)《尔雅》而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳(er)。案(an)(an)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)狐<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)>貉同文，此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)貂狐，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君所读《尔雅》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貂，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)甚众，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“缛(ru)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细缛(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鳞物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，鱼龙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《月令(ling)》春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)虫(chong)鳞”，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)蛇(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鱼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)足(zu)(zu)曰虫(chong)，无足(zu)(zu)曰豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)虫(chong)鳞，鱼无足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鱼。其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)鱼入(ru)鳞内可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)宜(yi)鳞物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，鳞物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鱼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鱼龙有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蛇(she)可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蛇(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“津，润也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)民居(ju)(ju)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)近水，故(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)津润。但(dan)(dan)入(ru)水见(jian)(jian)日则(ze)黑(hei)(hei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)民黑(hei)(hei)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)翟雉(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：《禹贡(gong)(gong)》徐州贡(gong)(gong)羽(yu)畎夏翟，则(ze)翟，雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雉(zhi)乃羽(yu)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)丘陵所宜(yi)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)翟雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“核物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)李(li)梅(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丘陵阪险宜(yi)枣杏及(ji)李(li)梅(mei)等，目验可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)李(li)梅(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)枣杏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“专，圜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)丘陵地(di)气使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“介物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)龟(gui)鳖(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水居(ju)(ju)陆(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)陆(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)陆(lu)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)。及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)讫，即(ji)(ji)入(ru)水而(er)居(ju)(ju)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)水居(ju)(ju)陆(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《五(wu)(wu)行传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭，则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)龟(gui)孽”，注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龟(gui)，虫(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)水者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)居(ju)(ju)在(zai)水中(zhong)，非谓(wei)(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)水。彼生(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)陆(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)义(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“荚(jia)(jia)(jia)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)荠荚(jia)(jia)(jia)王棘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，齐荚(jia)(jia)(jia)即(ji)(ji)今(jin)人(ren)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皂(zao)荚(jia)(jia)(jia)。盖误(wu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皂(zao)，当言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)荠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王棘即(ji)(ji)《士丧礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王棘若棘”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。棘虽无荚(jia)(jia)(jia)，盖树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)叶与(yu)(yu)荠荚(jia)(jia)(jia)相类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)并言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“白也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)民居(ju)(ju)於(wu)坟(fen)衍，地(di)气宜(yi)白。又见(jian)(jian)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杨且之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瘠(ji)瞿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《尔雅·释(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瞿、求(qiu)，瘠(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“齐人(ren)谓(wei)(wei)瘠(ji)瘦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)求(qiu)。”则(ze)瞿为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瘦小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)瘠(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)豹貔<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禽(qin)>之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《考(kao)工记·梓人(ren)职(zhi)》说(shuo)大兽而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“厚(hou)唇，口，出(chu)目，短(duan)耳(er)，大胸，後(hou)，若是(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，又《尔雅》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豹，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)豹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)《尔雅》及(ji)诸经(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禽(qin)>，《曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载貔貅(xiu)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)貔<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禽(qin)>，<豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禽(qin)>即(ji)(ji)貅(xiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“浅(qian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)浅(qian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)入(ru)虫(chong)中(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《月令(ling)》中(zhong)央土(tu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)虫(chong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)豹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)恒浅(qian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)”。若据有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)虫(chong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)白虎(hu)(hu)(hu)入(ru)西方，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)虫(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丛物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)萑苇(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“萑苇(wei)淠(pi)淠(pi)”，是(shi)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类(lei)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜子(zi)春读生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牲(sheng)，牲(sheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)。义(yi)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊，故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，根生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)对(dui)动非植(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)号也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“皂(zao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柞(zuo)栗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，柞(zuo)实(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮(pi)得染皂(zao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)今(jin)世犹谓(wei)(wei)柞(zuo)实(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)斗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证(zheng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)栗虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得染皂(zao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)皮(pi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)皂(zao)斗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)与(yu)(yu)柞(zuo)同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“膏物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)谓(wei)(wei)杨柳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，理(li)致(zhi)且白如膏”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色上(shang)(shang)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)动植(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)色上(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)独此(ci)(ci)(ci)一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取(qu)义(yi)於(wu)色，故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)膏当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)膏是(shi)脂膏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膏，於(wu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)无所，取(qu)直是(shi)字误(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)破从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“莲芡(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)韬”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)所生(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)莲芡(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)外皮(pi)，韬其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《大司乐》“一变(bian)而(er)致(zhi)川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)”，先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山林者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼取(qu)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易致(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)取(qu)尊卑高下相对(dui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山林也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)变(bian)而(er)致(zhi)土(tu)示(shi)”，注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“土(tu)原隰(xi)及(ji)平地(di)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)平地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)原隰(xi)中(zhong)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
因此五物者民之常，而施十有二教焉：一曰以祀礼教敬，则民不苟。二曰以阳礼教让，则民不争。三曰以阴礼教亲，则民不怨。四曰以乐礼教和，则民不乖。五曰以仪辨等，则民不越。六曰以俗教安，则民不愉。七曰以刑教中，则民不。八曰以誓教恤，则民不怠。九曰以度教节，则民知足。十曰以世事教能，则民不失职。十有一曰以贤制爵，则民慎德。十有二曰以庸制禄，则民兴功。（阳礼谓乡射饮酒之礼也。阴礼谓男女之礼。昏姻以时，则男不旷女不怨。仪谓君南面臣北面、父坐子伏之属。俗谓土地所生习也。愉谓朝不谋夕。恤谓灾危相忧。民有凶患，忧之则民不解怠。度谓宫室车服之制。世事谓士农工商之事。少而习焉，其心安焉，因教以能，不易其业。慎德谓矜其善德，劝为善也。庸，功也。爵以显贤，禄以赏功。故书仪或为义，杜子春读为仪，谓九仪。
○争(zheng)，争(zheng)斗之争(zheng)。愉，音偷，又(you)音揄。，薄报反(fan)(fan)。解，佳(jia)卖反(fan)(fan)。少，诗照反(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“因此”至“兴功”
○释曰：上经云五地之物生，动植及民生处不同，是其常法。今此十二教亦因民之所常生之，处施之故云因此五物者之常，而施十二教也。云“一曰以祀礼教敬，则民不苟”者，凡祭祀者，所以追养继孝，事死如事生。但人於死者不见其形，多有致慢，故《礼》云“祭，极敬也”。是以一曰以祀礼教敬。死者尚敬，则生事其亲不苟且也。
○“二曰以阳礼教让则民不争”者，谓乡饮酒之礼，酒入人身，散随支体，与阳主分散相似，故号乡射饮酒为阳礼也。乡饮酒即党正饮酒之类是也。党正饮酒之时，五十者堂下，六十者堂上，皆以齿让为礼，则无争，故云以阳礼教让则民不争也。
○“三曰以阴礼教亲则民不怨”者，以阴礼谓昏姻之礼，不可显露，故曰阴礼也。男女本是异姓，冕而亲迎，亲之也。亲之也者，亲之也，使之亲己，是昏礼相亲之义。昏姻及时，则男女无有怨旷，故云以阴礼教亲则民不怨也。
○“四曰以乐礼教和则民不乖”者，自“一曰”至“三曰”已上，皆有揖让周旋升降之礼，此乐亦云礼者，谓飨燕作乐之时，舞人周旋皆合礼节，故乐亦云礼也。凡人乖离，皆由不相和合，乐主和同民心，故民不乖也。
○“五曰以仪辨等则民不越”者，仪谓以卑事尊，上下之仪有度，以辨贵贱之等，故云以仪辨等也。民知上下之节，不敢逾越，故云则民不越也。
○“六曰以俗教安则民不偷”者，俗谓人之生处习学不同，若变其旧俗，则民不安而为苟且。若依其旧俗化之，则民安其业，不为苟且，故云以俗教安则民不愉，愉，苟且也。
○“七曰以刑教中则民不”者，刑者，禁民乱。今明刑得所，民得中正，不为乱，故云以刑教中则民不也。
○“八曰以誓教恤则民不怠”者，民有厄丧，教之使相忧恤，则民不懈怠也。
○“九曰以度教节则民知足”者，度谓衣服宫室之等尊卑不同，以此法度教之，使知节数，民知礼节，自知以少为足，故云则民知足也。
○“十曰以世事教能则民不失职”者，父祖所为之业，子孙述而行之，不失本职，故云以世事教能则民不失职也。
○“十有一曰以贤制爵则民慎德”者，人有贤行，制与之爵，民皆谨慎，矜矜於善德，以求荣宠，故云以贤制爵则民慎德也。
○“十有二曰以庸制禄则民兴功”者，庸，功也。人有功则制禄与之，民皆兴其功业，故云则民兴功也。此十二教，以重急者为先，轻缓者为後。
○注“阳礼谓乡射饮酒之礼也阴礼谓男女之”至“九仪”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳礼(li)(li)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)是(shi)阳礼(li)(li)而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)教让，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射是(shi)州(zhou)长射礼(li)(li)，乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)党(dang)正(zheng)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)正(zheng)齿位、饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)敬让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)阳礼(li)(li)是(shi)二事。若(ruo)然(ran)，乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射、乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)州(zhou)长党(dang)正(zheng)皆(jie)属於(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大夫，或(huo)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大夫所居州(zhou)党(dang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)虽(sui)州(zhou)长射、党(dang)正(zheng)饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)亦号曰(yue)(yue)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阴礼(li)(li)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)阴，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)昏姻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昏姻以(yi)时(shi)则(ze)男(nan)(nan)(nan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旷(kuang)(kuang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)约《雄(xiong)雉》诗序文“军(jun)旅数(shu)(shu)起，大夫久(jiu)役，男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“国人(ren)久(jiu)处(chu)军(jun)役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)多(duo)怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。男(nan)(nan)(nan)旷(kuang)(kuang)而(er)(er)苦其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事，女(nv)(nv)(nv)怨(yuan)而(er)(er)望其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)子(zi)。”此(ci)(ci)经直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)，据女(nv)(nv)(nv)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具显，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)旷(kuang)(kuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)，彼诗据旧成夫妇，此(ci)(ci)文据配合得(de)时(shi)。时(shi)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，若(ruo)失(shi)时(shi)，怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异，故(gu)(gu)(gu)引为(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仪(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)南(nan)面臣(chen)(chen)北(bei)面、父(fu)坐子(zi)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《易(yi)·乾凿度(du)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位，天(tian)在上，地在下(xia)，君(jun)南(nan)面，臣(chen)(chen)北(bei)面，父(fu)坐子(zi)伏，此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑依此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仍有(you)(you)天(tian)地不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”以(yi)兼(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俗谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)地所生习(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《下(xia)曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)子(zi)行礼(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求变俗。居丧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，哭泣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位，皆(jie)如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，而(er)(er)审行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)俗所习(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“偷(tou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋夕(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《春秋左氏》襄公三十一年(nian)，穆叔至自会(hui)，见(jian)孟(meng)孝(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)，语(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：“赵(zhao)(zhao)孟(meng)将(jiang)死矣，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)语(yu)(yu)(yu)偷(tou)。”又(you)孝(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)曰(yue)(yue)：“人(ren)生几何，谁能(neng)无偷(tou)。朝(chao)(chao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)夕(xi)，将(jiang)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用树？”穆叔出而(er)(er)告人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)：“孟(meng)孙将(jiang)死矣。吾语(yu)(yu)(yu)诸赵(zhao)(zhao)孟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偷(tou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)又(you)甚(shen)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。”昭元(yuan)年(nian)，天(tian)王使刘定公劳赵(zhao)(zhao)孟(meng)於(wu)颍，馆於(wu)洛。刘子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“美哉(zai)禹功(gong)，明德远矣。微禹，吾其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)鱼(yu)乎(hu)！吾与子(zi)弁冕端委(wei)以(yi)治(zhi)民(min)，临诸侯，禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)盍(he)远绩禹功(gong)而(er)(er)大庇民(min)乎(hu)？”对曰(yue)(yue)：“老夫罪戾是(shi)惧，焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)恤远。吾侪(chai)偷(tou)食(shi)，朝(chao)(chao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋夕(xi)，何其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”刘子(zi)归以(yi)语(yu)(yu)(yu)王，曰(yue)(yue)：“谚所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老将(jiang)智而(er)(er)耄(mao)及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)。”以(yi)此(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，郑似(si)依昭浴蔼(ai)年(nian)传(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恤谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)危(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)忧，民(min)有(you)(you)凶患忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懈怠(dai)”者(zhe)(zhe)，灾(zai)危(wei)凶忧谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)遭水旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai)，岁凶，年(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登，有(you)(you)无相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)济，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)忧令不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懈怠(dai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“度(du)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫室(shi)车服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《典命(ming)(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上公九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)”，国家宫室(shi)车旗(qi)衣服礼(li)(li)仪(yi)，及(ji)侯伯(bo)子(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)已(yi)下(xia)各依命(ming)(ming)数(shu)(shu)，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“世事谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)农(nong)工(gong)商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，少(shao)而(er)(er)习(xi)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心安(an)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，因教以(yi)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《齐语(yu)(yu)(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“桓公曰(yue)(yue)：成民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事若(ruo)何？管子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：四民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)勿使杂处(chu)，杂处(chu)则(ze)乱。昔圣王处(chu)士(shi)就(jiu)闲燕，处(chu)工(gong)就(jiu)官府，处(chu)商就(jiu)市(shi)井，处(chu)农(nong)就(jiu)田野。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)，工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)，商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)商，农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)农(nong)。少(shao)而(er)(er)习(xi)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心安(an)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。”是(shi)世事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“慎(shen)德谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矜其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善德劝为(wei)(wei)(wei)善”者(zhe)(zhe)，民(min)能(neng)矜矜然(ran)求其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善德，又(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)劝为(wei)(wei)(wei)善也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庸功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)庸制禄”，《司士(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)功(gong)诏(zhao)禄”，庸即(ji)功(gong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)书仪(yi)或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义，杜(du)子(zi)春读为(wei)(wei)(wei)仪(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从故(gu)(gu)(gu)书读，从《大宗伯(bo)》九(jiu)仪(yi)，一命(ming)(ming)至九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)作伯(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物，以相民宅而知其利害，以阜人民，以蕃鸟兽，以毓草木，以任土事。（十二土分野十二邦，上系十二次，各有所宜也。相，占视也。阜，犹盛也。蕃，蕃息也。育，生也。任谓就地所生，因民所能。
○相，息亮反(fan)，注同。毓，音育。分(fen)，扶问反(fan)。）
[疏]“以土”至“土事”
○释曰：云“以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物”者，十二土各有所宜不同，所出之物及名皆异，故云以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物也。云“以相民宅”者，谓既知十二土之所宜，以相视民居，使之得所也。云“而知其利害”者，十二土之中，利处居之，害处远之。以阜盛人民，以蕃息鸟兽，以毓生草木者，皆由知利害使之然也。云“以任土事”者，辨十有二土，任人性居之。
○注“十二”至“所能”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：“十二(er)(er)(er)土(tu)分(fen)(fen)野十二(er)(er)(er)邦，上系(xi)(xi)十二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)，各有(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《保章氏》“以(yi)(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)辨(bian)九州(zhou)之(zhi)地(di)”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“星(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)主土(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)界则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)九州(zhou)。州(zhou)中诸国(guo)之(zhi)封域於(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)亦有(you)分(fen)(fen)焉(yan)(yan)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书亡矣，堪舆虽有(you)，郡国(guo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)入度非(fei)古数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)存可言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，十二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)之(zhi)分(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)纪，吴越也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄枵，齐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。И訾，卫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。降娄(lou)，鲁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)梁，赵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。实沈，晋(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)首，秦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)火(huo)(huo)，周也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)尾，楚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)，郑(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)火(huo)(huo)，宋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。析木(mu)，燕也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)，天有(you)十二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)，日(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)躔，地(di)有(you)十二(er)(er)(er)土(tu)，王公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)国(guo)。又(you)(you)《周语》伶周鸠云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔武(wu)王伐(fa)商(shang)，岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo)(huo)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)，则(ze)我(wo)之(zhi)分(fen)(fen)野。”故知分(fen)(fen)野十二(er)(er)(er)邦，上系(xi)(xi)十二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)，各有(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)，唐虞及(ji)(ji)夏(xia)万国(guo)，殷周千七百七十三(san)国(guo)，皆依附十二(er)(er)(er)邦以(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)十二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)，若(ruo)吴越同次(ci)之(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)法，皆因(yin)(yin)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)命(ming)属焉(yan)(yan)。故昭元年《左传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“晋(jin)侯有(you)疾(ji)，郑(zheng)公(gong)(gong)孙侨(qiao)如(ru)晋(jin)聘，且问疾(ji)。叔向(xiang)问焉(yan)(yan)，曰(yue)(yue)：寡君之(zhi)疾(ji)病，卜人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)实沈台骀(tai)为祟，史莫(mo)之(zhi)知，敢(gan)问此何神也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？子(zi)产曰(yue)(yue)：昔高辛氏有(you)二(er)(er)(er)子(zi)，伯曰(yue)(yue)阏(yan)伯，季曰(yue)(yue)实沈，居(ju)於(wu)旷林，不相能也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，日(ri)寻干戈以(yi)(yi)相征(zheng)讨。后(hou)帝不臧，迁(qian)阏(yan)伯於(wu)商(shang)丘，主辰(chen)，商(shang)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)，故辰(chen)为商(shang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)；迁(qian)实沈於(wu)大(da)(da)夏(xia)，主参，唐人(ren)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)，以(yi)(yi)服(fu)事夏(xia)商(shang)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“及(ji)(ji)成王灭唐，而(er)封大(da)(da)叔焉(yan)(yan)，故参为晋(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)。”又(you)(you)襄九年，晋(jin)士弱云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“陶唐氏之(zhi)火(huo)(huo)正阏(yan)伯居(ju)商(shang)丘，祀大(da)(da)火(huo)(huo)，相土(tu)因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)，故商(shang)主大(da)(da)火(huo)(huo)。”是(shi)(shi)皆先王命(ming)祀之(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《元命(ming)包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)君王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)封，上应列(lie)星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)位”，注：“云(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)角亢为郑(zheng)，房心(xin)为宋。比其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀小国(guo)不中星(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为附庸。”若(ruo)然(ran)，附庸不系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀皆系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“任(ren)谓就地(di)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)，因(yin)(yin)民(min)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，地(di)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)出物不同，民(min)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)资事业有(you)异，谓若(ruo)居(ju)山者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)利其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)金玉、锡石、禽(qin)兽、材木(mu)，居(ju)泽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)利其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鱼盐，居(ju)陆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)利其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)田蚕，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)任(ren)谓就地(di)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)因(yin)(yin)民(min)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能而(er)居(ju)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
辨十有二壤之物而知其种，以教稼穑树艺。（壤亦土也，变言耳。以万物自生焉则言土，土犹吐也。以人所耕而树艺焉则言壤，壤，和缓之貌。《诗》云：“树之榛栗。”又曰：“我艺黍稷。”艺犹莳也。
○种，章(zhang)勇反(fan)。榛(zhen)，则人反(fan)。莳，时至反(fan)。）
[疏]“辨十”至“树艺”
○释曰：此十二壤即上十二土。上经论居人物之事，此经辨其种殖所宜，故变其文。云“辨十二壤之物”者，分别物之所生而知其所殖之种，遂即以教民，春稼秋穑，以树其木，以艺其黍稷也。
○注“壤亦”至“莳也”
○释曰(yue)：上(shang)经既欲(yu)居(ju)民，不必皆须(xu)树(shu)艺(yi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)土取(qu)万物(wu)自生(sheng)为名(ming)。此经据树(shu)艺(yi)而言，故(gu)变(bian)云(yun)(yun)壤，取(qu)和缓(huan)为义，故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)“变(bian)言耳”。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“树(shu)之(zhi)榛(zhen)栗”，是《定(ding)之(zhi)方中》诗(shi)，引之(zhi)证(zheng)经树(shu)是植木。又曰(yue)“我(wo)艺(yi)黍稷”，是《楚茨》之(zhi)诗(shi)，引之(zhi)证(zheng)经艺(yi)是黍稷也。
以土均之法辨五物九等，制天下之地征，以作民职，以令地贡，以敛财赋，以均齐天下之政。（均，平也。五物，五地之物也。九等，も刚、赤缇之属。征，税也。民职，民九职也。地贡，贡地所生，谓九。财谓泉。赋谓九赋及军赋。
○も，虽营反。缇，音低。）
[疏]“以土”至“之政”
○释曰：“以土均之法辨五物”者，即上山林川泽之等是也。云“九等”者，据五地之内分为九等之地，も刚、赤缇之属，其种所宜不同也。云“制天下之地征”者，言天下则并畿外邦国所税入天子而言也。此地征与下为目也。“以作民职”者，民有职业，乃可税之。云“以令地贡”者，地贡即九职之税也。云“以敛财赋”者，敛财即大宰“九赋敛财贿”，一也。既言财又别言赋者，欲见财既为九赋敛财，赋中又兼有军赋，故财赋殊言之。云“以均齐天下之政”者，大司徒以法均齐之，天下皆使依法，故云均齐天下之政也。
○注“均平”至“军赋”
○释曰：九(jiu)等(deng)知是も刚(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)属者(zhe)，但地(di)或(huo)云十(shi)(shi)等(deng)，或(huo)云五地(di)，或(huo)云十(shi)(shi)二土，皆(jie)无(wu)云九(jiu)等(deng)者(zhe)，案《草人(ren)职》云，も刚(gang)、赤缇之(zhi)(zhi)属有九(jiu)等(deng)，皆(jie)是地(di)势所(suo)宜粪种之(zhi)(zhi)法，故(gu)郑以(yi)(yi)も刚(gang)、赤缇之(zhi)(zhi)属解之(zhi)(zhi)。云“地(di)贡，贡地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)，谓(wei)九(jiu)”者(zhe)，案：大宰(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)职任万民，即云“一曰三农生(sheng)(sheng)九(jiu)”，此经云“以(yi)(yi)作民职”，为九(jiu)职，即云“令(ling)地(di)贡”，明贡是九(jiu)可知。云“财(cai)谓(wei)泉(quan)”者(zhe)，案《大宰(zai)(zai)》云“以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)敛财(cai)贿(hui)”，彼注(zhu)亦云：“财(cai)，泉(quan)”，则以(yi)(yi)泉(quan)当(dang)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。云“赋(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)九(jiu)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)经云财(cai)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)不得为一事解之(zhi)(zhi)。今郑以(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)为军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)，则赋(fu)(fu)(fu)中兼(jian)军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)，谓(wei)甲士(shi)三人(ren)、步卒七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。
以土圭之法测土深，正日景，以求地中。日南则景短多暑，日北则景长多寒，日东则景夕多风，日西则景朝多阴。（土圭，所以致四时日月之景也。测犹度也，不知广深故曰测。故书求为救，杜子春云：“当为求。”郑司农云：“测土深，谓南北东西之深也。日南谓立表处大南，近日也。日北谓立表处大北，远日也。景夕谓日跌景乃中，立表之处大东，近日也。景朝谓日未中而景中，立表处大西，远日也。”玄谓昼漏半而置土圭，表阴阳，审其南北。景短於土圭谓之日南，是地於日为近南也。景长於土圭谓之日北，是地於日为近北也。东於土圭谓之日东，是地於日为近东也。西於土圭谓之日西，是地於日为近西也。如是则寒暑阴风偏而不和，是未得其所求。凡日景於地，千里而差一寸。
○深，尺(chi)鸩反。景，如字，本或作(zuo)影，非，下(xia)(xia)及(ji)注同。度，待洛反，下(xia)(xia)同。近(jin)，附(fu)近(jin)之近(jin)，下(xia)(xia)同。远日，于万(wan)反。跌，待结反。）
[疏]“以土”至“多阴”
○释曰：案《玉人职》云“土圭尺有五寸”。周公摄政四年，欲求土中而营王城，故以土圭度日景之法测度也。度土之深，深谓日景长短之深也。正日景者，夏日至，昼漏半，表北得尺五寸景，正与土圭等，即地中，故云“正日景以求地中”也。“日南则景短多暑”者，周公度日景之时，置五表。五表者，於颍川阳城置一表为中表，中表南千里又置一表，中表北千里又置一表，中表东千里又置一表，中表西千里又置一表。今言日南景短多暑者，据中表之南表而言，亦昼漏半，立八尺之表，表北得尺四寸景，不满尺五寸，不与土圭等，是其日南，是地於日为近南。景短多暑，不堪置都之事北。云“日北”者，据中表之北表而言，亦昼漏半，表北得尺六寸景，是地於日为近北，是其景长多寒之事也。云“日东则景夕多风”者，据中表之东表而言，亦於昼漏半中表景得正时，东表日已跌矣，是地於日为近东。亦昼漏半已得夕景，故云景夕多风。云“日西则景朝多阴”者，据中表之西表而言，是地於日为近西。亦於昼漏半中表景得正时，西表日未中乃得朝时之景，故云日西则景朝多阴。此经皆未得所求耳。解《洪范》之义，依《五行传》，风属中央，雨属东方。今西方云多阴，东方云多风者，土为木妻，木为金妻，从妻所好。故月离於箕，风扬沙，月离於毕，俾滂池。故此东方多风、西方多阴，阴即雨也。
○注“土圭”至“一寸”
○释曰(yue)：案《冯相(xiang)氏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬夏(xia)致(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，春秋致(zhi)月”，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《冬官考(kao)工(gong)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)有五(wu)寸以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”，郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)，所以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)四时(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“测犹度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，不知广(guang)(guang)深，故(gu)曰(yue)测”者(zhe)(zhe)，广(guang)(guang)深喻远近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。以(yi)(yi)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)测土(tu)深，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)广(guang)(guang)深也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“测土(tu)深谓(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)东(dong)西(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)据经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北(bei)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)东(dong)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)西(xi)(xi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)测度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)谓(wei)(wei)立表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)处(chu)大南(nan)(nan)(nan)，近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)於(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)在南(nan)(nan)(nan)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，北(bei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)远日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)而(er)(er)(er)西(xi)(xi)流(liu)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)东(dong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)(xi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)远日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“景(jing)夕谓(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)跌景(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)，东(dong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)跌，中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)景(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“景(jing)朝谓(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)未中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)景(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)，西(xi)(xi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)未中(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)景(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)而(er)(er)(er)置土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)阴阳，审其(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)”者(zhe)(zhe)，後郑(zheng)(zheng)释景(jing)长短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。度(du)景(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，冬至夏(xia)至，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)据昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)取日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)正(zheng)午乃得(de)其(qi)(qi)端直也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)阴阳”者(zhe)(zhe)，东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)阴阳，故(gu)别云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)审其(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“景(jing)短於(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，是(shi)(shi)地(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，後郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义与先郑(zheng)(zheng)不殊。更云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)地(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)已下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)远日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，恐人(ren)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)高(gao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)下(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)远日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，有此(ci)地(di)高(gao)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian)，故(gu)後郑(zheng)(zheng)增成先郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)地(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)北(bei)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)东(dong)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)。四方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)去中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)千里，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)立表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，其(qi)(qi)地(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)北(bei)、为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)东(dong)、为(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“如是(shi)(shi)则寒(han)暑阴风偏而(er)(er)(er)不和(he)，是(shi)(shi)未得(de)其(qi)(qi)所求”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)言对下(xia)经地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)阴阳风雨和(he)会，为(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)所求也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)景(jing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)千里而(er)(er)(er)差(cha)一(yi)寸”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《三光考(kao)灵耀(yao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四游升降於(wu)(wu)(wu)三万(wan)(wan)里中(zhong)(zhong)”，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)尺(chi)有五(wu)寸，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)”。则是(shi)(shi)半(ban)(ban)三万(wan)(wan)里而(er)(er)(er)万(wan)(wan)五(wu)千里，与土(tu)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)等，是(shi)(shi)千里差(cha)一(yi)寸，算法亦(yi)然。言此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)，欲见经日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)去中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)千里为(wei)(wei)(wei)术(shu)，景(jing)长景(jing)短皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)差(cha)一(yi)寸耳。知表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)高(gao)八尺(chi)而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)《通卦验(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“冬日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至，树八尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)视(shi)其(qi)(qi)晷(gui)。”是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)知用(yong)八尺(chi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban)度(du)景(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
日至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景尺有五寸(cun)(cun)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)：天地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)合也(ye)，四(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)交也(ye)，风雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)会(hui)也(ye)，阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)和也(ye)。然(ran)则百物阜安，乃(nai)建(jian)王国焉，制(zhi)其(qi)畿方千里而封树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。（景尺有五寸(cun)(cun)者，南戴(dai)日下(xia)万五千里，地(di)(di)(di)与星(xing)辰四(si)游升降於三(san)万里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，是以半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)。畿方千里，取象於日一寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)。树，树木沟上(shang)，所(suo)以表助阻(zu)固也(ye)。郑司农(nong)云：“土(tu)(tu)圭(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长尺有五寸(cun)(cun)，以夏至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日立八尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表，其(qi)景与土(tu)(tu)圭(gui)(gui)等，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)。今颍川阳(yang)城地(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)然(ran)。）
[疏]“日至”至“树之”
○释曰：上经置五表於四方，四表未得所求，今於中表夏日至亦昼漏半立八尺之表，表北得景尺有五寸，景与土圭等，谓之地中。於此地中之所，“天地之所合也”者，天地不合，万物不生，天地配合，万物乃生，故《乐记》云“天地合”是也。“四时之所交也”者，即《尚书》所云“宅南交”，孔云：“言夏与春交。”举一隅以见之，则秋与夏交、冬与秋交、春与冬交可知，故云四时所交也。“风雨之所会也”者，风雨所至会合人心，谓若《礼器》云“飨帝於郊，风雨寒暑时”是也。“阴阳之所和也”者，谓若昭四年《左氏》申丰云“冬无愆阳，夏无伏阴”，是其阴阳和也。“然则百物阜安”者，总结上句所合已下。然尢如是。阜，盛也。如是四事得所，则百物盛安也。“乃建王国焉”者，建，立也。於此盛安之处乃立王之国城焉。“制其畿方千里”者，王畿千里，以象日月之大。中置国城，面各五百里，制畿界。“而封树之”者，於畿封之上而作深沟，土在沟上谓之为封，封上树木以为阻固，故云而封树之。
○注“景尺”至“为然”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“景(jing)尺有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲释(shi)经景(jing)尺有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)得地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“南(nan)戴日(ri)下万(wan)(wan)(wan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，景(jing)一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)差(cha)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)於(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)尺五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)景(jing)，去南(nan)戴日(ri)下万(wan)(wan)(wan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)星辰四(si)游升降(jiang)於(wu)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《考(kao)灵(ling)耀(yao)(yao)》文。言四(si)游升降(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，春分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)星辰复本(ben)位(wei)；至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)星辰东(dong)南(nan)游万(wan)(wan)(wan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，下降(jiang)亦然；至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋分(fen)还复正(zheng)；至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)星辰西(xi)北游亦万(wan)(wan)(wan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，上升亦然；至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春分(fen)还复正(zheng)。进退(tui)不(bu)过三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)星辰四(si)游升降(jiang)於(wu)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，是(shi)以(yi)半(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“畿(ji)(ji)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，取(qu)象(xiang)(xiang)於(wu)日(ri)一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)正(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑注(zhu)《王(wang)制(zhi)》，“象(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)，亦取(qu)晷同”，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)取(qu)象(xiang)(xiang)於(wu)日(ri)一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)正(zheng)，不(bu)言象(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，略不(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)是(shi)景(jing)一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，与(yu)(yu)《王(wang)制(zhi)》注(zhu)“晷同”一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《元(yuan)命包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)圆(yuan)，望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广尺，以(yi)应(ying)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”，故(gu)郑注(zhu)《王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)案(an)《考(kao)灵(ling)耀(yao)(yao)》曰(yue)：“从上临下八万(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)以(yi)圆(yuan)覆，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)方(fang)载。”《河图(tu)括地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)象(xiang)(xiang)》曰(yue)：“天(tian)不(bu)足(zu)西(xi)北，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)足(zu)东(dong)南(nan)。西(xi)北为(wei)天(tian)门(men)，东(dong)南(nan)为(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)户。天(tian)门(men)无上，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)门(men)无下。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“极广长，南(nan)北二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)，二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，东(dong)西(xi)二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)左动，起(qi)於(wu)牵牛。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)右动，起(qi)於(wu)毕。”《广雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)圜，南(nan)北二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)(wan)(wan)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)步(bu)(bu)。东(dong)西(xi)短，减四(si)步(bu)(bu)。周(zhou)六亿(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)步(bu)(bu)。从地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)，亿(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)六千(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)半(ban)(ban)。下度(du)(du)(du)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚，与(yu)(yu)天(tian)高等。”《天(tian)度(du)(du)(du)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)方(fang)七宿七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)，南(nan)方(fang)七宿百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)，西(xi)方(fang)七宿八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)，北方(fang)七宿九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八度(du)(du)(du)四(si)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。四(si)方(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)四(si)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。度(du)(du)(du)二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八宿间(jian)相距(ju)，积百(bai)(bai)(bai)七万(wan)(wan)(wan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，径三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)万(wan)(wan)(wan)六千(qian)(qian)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”郑司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颍(ying)(ying)川阳城地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，颍(ying)(ying)川郡阳城县是(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)度(du)(du)(du)景(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，古(gu)迹犹存，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《春秋左氏》，武(wu)王(wang)克(ke)商，迁九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎於(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，邑(yi)欲以(yi)为(wei)都，不(bu)在颍(ying)(ying)川地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，武(wu)王(wang)欲取(qu)河洛(luo)(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)形胜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，洛(luo)(luo)都难不(bu)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)中(zhong)，颍(ying)(ying)川地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)仍在畿(ji)(ji)内。若然，武(wu)王(wang)已迁鼎於(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，欲以(yi)为(wei)都，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)又(you)(you)度(du)(du)(du)景(jing)求地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，武(wu)王(wang)虽定鼎讫，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)更度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)以(yi)审慎故(gu)。案(an)《书传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)年(nian)建(jian)侯(hou)卫，五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)营成(cheng)周(zhou)”，建(jian)侯(hou)卫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，在《尚书·康(kang)诰》封康(kang)叔(shu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《康(kang)诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“惟(wei)三(san)(san)(san)月，哉生魄，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)初(chu)基，作(zuo)(zuo)新大(da)(da)邑(yi)于东(dong)国洛(luo)(luo)，四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)大(da)(da)和会(hui)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岐镐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)处五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)其於(wu)政不(bu)均，故(gu)东(dong)行於(wu)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)，合诸侯(hou)，谋作(zuo)(zuo)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居。四(si)方(fang)民(min)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，同心来会(hui)，乐(le)即(ji)功(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，效其力焉。是(shi)时周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)居摄四(si)年(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)案(an)《召诰》“惟(wei)三(san)(san)(san)月丙午(wu)フ”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“是(shi)时周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)居摄五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)。越(yue)三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)戊申，大(da)(da)保朝至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，卜宅。厥(jue)既得卜，则经营之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”若然，洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)在摄政四(si)年(nian)初(chu)为(wei)基止，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)，乃正(zheng)营之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡建邦国，以土圭土其地而制其域：诸公之地，封疆方五百里，其食者半；诸侯之地，封疆方四百里，其食者参之一；诸伯之地，封疆方三百里，其食者参之一；诸子之地，封疆方二百里，其食者四之一；诸男之地，封疆方百里，其食者四之一。（土其地，犹言度其地。郑司农云：“土其地，但为正四方耳。其食者半，公所食租税得其半耳，其半皆附庸小国也，属天子。参之一者亦然。故《鲁颂》曰：‘锡之山川，土地附庸。奄有龟蒙，遂荒大东，至于海邦。’《论语》曰：‘季氏将伐颛臾，孔子曰：先王以为东蒙主，且在邦域之中，是社稷之臣。’此非七十里所能容，然则方五百里四百里合於《鲁颂》、《论语》之言。诸男食者四之一，方五十里，独此与今五经家说合耳。”玄谓其食者半、参之一、四之一者，土均均邦国地贡轻重之等。其率之也，公之地以一易，侯伯之地以再易，子男之地以三易，必足其国礼俗丧纪祭祀之用，乃贡其馀。若今度支经用，馀为司农矣。大国贡重，正之也。小国贡轻，字之也。凡诸侯为牧正帅长及有德者，乃有附庸，为其有禄者当取焉。公无附庸，侯附庸九同，伯附庸七同，子附庸五同，男附庸三同。进则取焉，退则归焉。鲁於周法不得有附庸，故言锡之也。地方七百里者，包附庸，以大言之也。附庸二十四，言得兼此一等矣。
○疆，居良(liang)反，下同。颛，之(zhi)宣反。臾，音榆。率，音律，又音类，後(hou)注同。正之(zhi)，音征(zheng)。字，如字，一(yi)音兹。为其，于伪(wei)反。）
[疏]“凡建”至“之一”
○释曰：上经既陈天子之国并畿内千里，此经说诸侯邦国，故云“凡建邦国以土圭土其地”。土犹度也，以土圭度其地。假令封上公五百里，国北畔立八尺之表，夏至昼漏半，得尺五寸景，与土圭等，南畔得尺四寸五分，其中减五分。一分百里，五分则五百里。减四分则四百里封侯，减三分则三百里封伯，减二分则二百里封子，减一分则一百里封男，是土其地之法。“而制其域”者，自上公五百里已下，境界皆有营域封圻。云“诸公之地封疆方五百里，其食者半”者，言天子封公以五百里之地，其一国之税天子食其半。云“诸侯之地封疆方四百里，其食者参之一”者，谓三分之，天子食其一分。云“诸伯之地封疆方三百里其食者，参之一”者，亦与侯同。云诸子之地诸男之地皆云四之一者，谓总得一国之税，四分之，天子食其一分，故云其食者四之一。其天子所食者，皆谓诸侯市取美物以贡天子，即《大宰》九贡是也。其公之税有半，侯伯有三之二，子男有四之三，皆自入充国家畜积礼俗丧纪之用也。
○注“土其”至“等矣”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：“土(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)犹(you)言(yan)(yan)度其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案：上(shang)经(jing)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)测(ce)土(tu)深，测(ce)犹(you)度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭土(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)土(tu)正(zheng)(zheng)当测(ce)处，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)犹(you)言(yan)(yan)度其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)但为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)耳(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)意(yi)(yi)，案上(shang)经(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)度取(qu)(qu)(qu)土(tu)中，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)封诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)但正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)而(er)(er)已(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求土(tu)中，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)但为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)食租税(shui)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)耳(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，属(shu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)意(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)食，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)并入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)食租税(shui)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)耳(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，属(shu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)虽(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)意(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)自(zi)食。司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)於(wu)(wu)经(jing)文虽(sui)(sui)似通，若然(ran)(ran)，则(ze)(ze)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)轻次(ci)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)重，非字(zi)(zi)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，於(wu)(wu)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可，故(gu)(gu)後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从。引《鲁(lu)颂》曰(yue)“锡(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山川(chuan)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)至“社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，上(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)尽有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，鲁(lu)虽(sui)(sui)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵，受(shou)(shou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，《明(ming)堂位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外并是(shi)(shi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，即(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)半(ban)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)上(shang)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)非七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)所(suo)能容”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，见(jian)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、何休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒言(yan)(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)无五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)已(yi)，故(gu)(gu)破诸(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)，据(ju)《鲁(lu)颂》、《论语(yu)》非七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)能容也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)於(wu)(wu)《鲁(lu)颂》、《论语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)据(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)与(yu)(yu)(yu)《鲁(lu)颂》、《论语(yu)》合(he)，亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)破诸(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)男(nan)(nan)(nan)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)意(yi)(yi)，男(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)得(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)自(zi)食，所(suo)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“独此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)说合(he)耳(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若张苞、何休、孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)男(nan)(nan)(nan)食五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)说合(he)。若自(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)上(shang)以(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已(yi)上(shang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)，故(gu)(gu)直举(ju)男(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)、参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，土(tu)均均邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)轻重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案下(xia)(xia)《土(tu)均》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)均地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，均即(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)均征税(shui)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)轻重是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)再易(yi)(yi)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)受(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)再易(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，据(ju)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)耕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，入(ru)(ru)(ru)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)半(ban)，似二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩佃半(ban)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，似家(jia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩，佃百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩，留二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)似荒废(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，似家(jia)得(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩，佃百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩，留三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，似三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)亩不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)但家(jia)无三(san)(san)(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，直以(yi)(yi)况义(yi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“必足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)礼(li)俗(su)丧纪(ji)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)，乃(nai)(nai)(nai)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，後郑(zheng)意(yi)(yi)，释(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)半(ban)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)渐(jian)少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。言(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)广，税(shui)物(wu)多，但留半(ban)自(zi)用(yong)，即(ji)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)俗(su)丧纪(ji)及(ji)畜(chu)积(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)半(ban)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)受(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)差少，则(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)税(shui)亦(yi)(yi)少，故(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)留自(zi)用(yong)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)受(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又少，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)税(shui)转(zhuan)少，故(gu)(gu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。注虽(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)畜(chu)积(ji)，但言(yan)(yan)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，明(ming)畜(chu)积(ji)注中乃(nai)(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)足(zu)，故(gu)(gu)《王制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无九年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畜(chu)曰(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今(jin)度支(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)用(yong)，馀(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，度支(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)用(yong)，似国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)丧纪(ji)所(suo)用(yong)。馀(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)农(nong)矣(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，入(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)据(ju)汉法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)况之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)重正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)轻字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。字(zi)(zi)，爱(ai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)爱(ai)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。若然(ran)(ran)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)轻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重。後郑(zheng)言(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，破先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，非字(zi)(zi)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。又见(jian)采地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧正(zheng)(zheng)帅长(zhang)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乃(nai)(nai)(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)属(shu)，属(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)长(zhang)；十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)连，连有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)帅；三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒，卒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)；二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州，州有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)。”伯(bo)(bo)(bo)即(ji)牧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)牧正(zheng)(zheng)帅长(zhang)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。又诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)，虽(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧正(zheng)(zheng)帅长(zhang)，亦(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)总(zong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)牧正(zheng)(zheng)帅长(zhang)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)禄(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当取(qu)(qu)(qu)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)间(jian)田为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禄(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)畿方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，上(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)极，故(gu)(gu)无附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)九同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)，进受(shou)(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。但公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六，加(jia)九同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)，故(gu)(gu)知侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)九同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，伯(bo)(bo)(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)九，加(jia)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)等(deng)(deng)，故(gu)(gu)知伯(bo)(bo)(bo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)男(nan)(nan)(nan)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)进受(shou)(shou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，加(jia)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)等(deng)(deng)。男(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)受(shou)(shou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，男(nan)(nan)(nan)本(ben)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，加(jia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)。开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)可知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“进则(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)焉(yan)，退则(ze)(ze)归焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，进则(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)焉(yan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，退则(ze)(ze)归焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)间(jian)田者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《王制(zhi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)间(jian)田，并言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)锡(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，鲁(lu)虽(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)母弟，虽(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)，画服(fu)如上(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，受(shou)(shou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)。成王以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)典法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋(xun)，赐鲁(lu)以(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)《明(ming)堂位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)包(bao)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)大(da)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，言(yan)(yan)得(de)(de)兼(jian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，鲁(lu)本(ben)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)面各加(jia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角又各百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。言(yan)(yan)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)，兼(jian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)九同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、男(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)兼(jian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)矣(yi)。凡言(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。今(jin)皆(jie)名附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)实不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，积(ji)集附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)成同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，并数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。假(jia)令男(nan)(nan)(nan)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)(ze)多矣(yi)，据(ju)成周(zhou)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)耳(er)。自(zi)馀(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已(yi)上(shang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡造都鄙，制其地域而封沟之，以其室数制之。不易之地家百亩，一易之地家二百亩，再易之地家三百亩。（都鄙，王子弟公卿大夫采地，其界曰都，鄙所居也。《王制》曰：“天子之县内，方百里之国九，七十里之国二十有一，五十里之国六十有三。”此盖夏时采地之数，周未闻矣。《春秋传》曰：“迁郑焉而鄙留。”城郭之宅曰室。《诗》云：“嗟我妇子，曰为改岁，入此室处。”其室数制之，谓制丘甸之属。《王制》曰：“凡居民，量地以制邑，度地以居民，地邑民居，必参相得。”郑司农云：“不易之地岁种之，地美，故家百亩。一易之地休一岁乃复种，地薄，故家二百亩。再易之地休二岁乃复种，故家三百亩。
○亩(mu)，本亦作古亩(mu)字。甸(dian)，刘(liu)常证反。复，扶又反，下(xia)同。）
[疏]“凡造”至“百亩”
○释曰：上言王畿及诸侯邦国，至此更言畿内都鄙三等采地。云“凡造都鄙制其地域”者，案《载师职》“家邑任稍地，小都任县地，大都任地”，又下文《小司徒职》云：“四丘为甸，四甸为县，四县为都。”家邑二十五里，小都五十里，大都百里，是造都鄙制其地域也。云“而封沟之”者，谓三等采地四境界上皆有沟，封而树之，以为阻固。云“以其室数制之”者，其室在都邑之内，而云制之者，依其城内室数，於四野之中制地与之，谓若九夫为井、四井为邑、四邑为丘、四丘为甸、四甸为县、四县为都之等是也。云“不易之地家百亩者，此谓上地，年年佃之，故家百亩。云“一易之地家二百亩”者，谓年别佃百亩、废百亩。云“再易之地家三百亩”者，以其地薄，年年佃百亩、废二百亩，三年再易乃遍，故云再易也。
○注“都鄙”至“百亩”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：言“都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)，王(wang)子(zi)弟(di)公(gong)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)采地”者(zhe)，公(gong)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)，卿在(zai)(zai)小都(dou)(dou)，大(da)(da)夫(fu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)邑。其(qi)亲王(wang)子(zi)母弟(di)与(yu)公(gong)同在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)，次(ci)疏者(zhe)与(yu)卿同在(zai)(zai)小都(dou)(dou)，次(ci)更疏者(zhe)与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)同在(zai)(zai)家(jia)邑，故(gu)总(zong)云(yun)(yun)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)王(wang)子(zi)弟(di)公(gong)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)采地也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)界曰(yue)(yue)都(dou)(dou)，鄙(bi)所居(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，三等采地皆有城(cheng)郭(guo)，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)鄙(bi)所居(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。据(ju)其(qi)四境，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)界曰(yue)(yue)都(dou)(dou)。又(you)引(yin)(yin)《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)“天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)县内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)方百里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)九(jiu)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，又(you)云(yun)(yun)“此盖夏(xia)时采地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)，案(an)(an)：殷(yin)周(zhou)皆称“畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”，《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“县内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”，疑是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)时，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)此盖夏(xia)时采地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)未闻矣”者(zhe)，案(an)(an)《洛(luo)诰》传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“天下(xia)诸(zhu)侯入来，进受(shou)命於(wu)周(zhou)，退见(jian)文(wen)(wen)武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)户(hu)者(zhe)，千七百七十(shi)(shi)三诸(zhu)侯”，注云(yun)(yun)：“八州(zhou)，州(zhou)立(li)二百一十(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)三国(guo)(guo)(guo)。”云(yun)(yun)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)三国(guo)(guo)(guo)，即(ji)此都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)有文(wen)(wen)矣。而(er)云(yun)(yun)未闻者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)无正文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)疑焉。或未可(ke)闻其(qi)大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)、次(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)、小国(guo)(guo)(guo)各有几国(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)未闻，其(qi)实总(zong)数(shu)(shu)则(ze)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)“《春秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：迁(qian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)焉而(er)鄙(bi)留(liu)(liu)”者(zhe)，案(an)(an)桓十(shi)(shi)一年夏(xia)五月，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯寤生(sheng)(sheng)卒。秋七月，葬(zang)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)。九(jiu)月，宋(song)人执(zhi)(zhi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)。《公(gong)羊》云(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)者(zhe)何？郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何以(yi)(yi)不(bu)名？贤(xian)乎(hu)祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)知权也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)为(wei)(wei)知权奈何？古者(zhe)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)处於(wu)留(liu)(liu)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯有善(shan)於(wu)郐公(gong)者(zhe)，通乎(hu)夫(fu)人，以(yi)(yi)取其(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)迁(qian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)焉，而(er)野留(liu)(liu)。庄(zhuang)公(gong)死(si)，已葬(zang)，祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)将往(wang)(wang)省于留(liu)(liu)，涂(tu)出(chu)於(wu)宋(song)，宋(song)人执(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：‘为(wei)(wei)我出(chu)忽(hu)而(er)立(li)突。’祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)不(bu)从其(qi)言，则(ze)君(jun)必死(si)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)必亡；从其(qi)言，则(ze)君(jun)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)易死(si)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)存(cun)易亡，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”野、鄙(bi)不(bu)同者(zhe)何？郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所见(jian)传(chuan)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)玄《发墨守》云(yun)(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)始封君(jun)曰(yue)(yue)桓公(gong)者(zhe)，周(zhou)宣王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)宗周(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，今(jin)京兆郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)县是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。桓公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)武公(gong)，武公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)，迁(qian)居(ju)(ju)东(dong)周(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)虢(guo)、郐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)，今(jin)河南(nan)新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。武公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)，因(yin)其(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)焉。留(liu)(liu)乃(nai)在(zai)(zai)陈(chen)、宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)受(shou)封至此三世(shi)，安得古者(zhe)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)处於(wu)留(liu)(liu)，祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)将往(wang)(wang)省留(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)乎(hu)？”是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)不(bu)从《公(gong)羊》。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，直取鄙(bi)所居(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)居(ju)(ju)留(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，犹(you)自(zi)不(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)，所谓文(wen)(wen)取而(er)义不(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“城(cheng)郭(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宅(zhai)曰(yue)(yue)室(shi)”，又(you)引(yin)(yin)诗者(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)《七月》诗，取证室(shi)在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，於(wu)其(qi)室(shi)数(shu)(shu)，制(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)外井邑。又(you)云(yun)(yun)“制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓制(zhi)(zhi)丘甸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)，案(an)(an)下(xia)《小司徒》云(yun)(yun)四井为(wei)(wei)邑，以(yi)(yi)至丘甸县都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)引(yin)(yin)《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》者(zhe)，欲见(jian)邑在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)外，居(ju)(ju)在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，外内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)多少，必参相(xiang)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。
乃分地职、奠地守、制地贡而颁职事焉，以为地法而待政令。（分地职，分其九职所宜也。定地守，谓衡麓虞候之属。制地贡，谓九职所税也。颁职事者，分命使各为其所职之事。
○奠，刘音(yin)定。）
[疏]注“分地”至“之事”
○释曰：“分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，分(fen)(fen)其(qi)九(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)宜(yi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)经(jing)(jing)既授上(shang)中下地(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)知分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)九(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)宜(yi)。九(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则《大(da)宰》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一曰三农生九(jiu)”是(shi)也(ye)。所(suo)宜(yi)，谓若《孝经(jing)(jing)》“注高田(tian)(tian)宜(yi)黍，稷下田(tian)(tian)宜(yi)稻(dao)麦”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“定地(di)(di)(di)守(shou)(shou)谓衡(heng)(heng)麓虞(yu)候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)昭二十年《左氏传》，晏子云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“山林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木，衡(heng)(heng)麓守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萑蒲，舟鲛守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；薮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薪蒸(zheng)，虞(yu)候(hou)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盐(yan)蜃(shen)，祈望守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“衡(heng)(heng)麓、舟鲛、虞(yu)候(hou)、祈望，皆官名也(ye)。守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，令民(min)不(bu)得取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)共利。”时景公设(she)此(ci)(ci)守(shou)(shou)以致疾，故(gu)晏子所(suo)非，非其(qi)不(bu)与民(min)同。郑引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以正地(di)(di)(di)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官。若然，此(ci)(ci)《地(di)(di)(di)官》唯有衡(heng)(heng)虞(yu)，无(wu)舟鲛、祈望者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)《周礼》举其(qi)大(da)纲，《左氏》言其(qi)细(xi)别，故(gu)详略不(bu)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“制(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)贡谓九(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)税也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)贡文(wen)承(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，下明非诸侯地(di)(di)(di)贡，是(shi)其(qi)九(jiu)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、九(jiu)税敛(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若三农生九(jiu)则税九(jiu)，园圃毓草木则税草木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“颁(ban)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，分(fen)(fen)命(ming)使各为其(qi)所(suo)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，分(fen)(fen)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，案(an)《尚书·尧典》“分(fen)(fen)命(ming)羲仲(zhong)宅(zhai)(zhai)隅夷，申命(ming)羲叔(shu)宅(zhai)(zhai)南(nan)交，分(fen)(fen)命(ming)和仲(zhong)宅(zhai)(zhai)西曰昧谷，申命(ming)和叔(shu)宅(zhai)(zhai)朔(shuo)方”。此(ci)(ci)间颁(ban)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，亦是(shi)分(fen)(fen)命(ming)，使各为其(qi)所(suo)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。典田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官各有所(suo)掌。
以荒政十有二聚万民：一曰散利，二曰薄征，三曰缓刑，四曰弛力，五曰舍禁，六曰去几，七曰眚礼，八曰杀哀，九曰蕃乐，十曰多昏，十有一曰索鬼神，十有二曰除盗贼。（荒，凶年也。郑司农云：“救饥之政，十有二品。散利，贷种食也。薄征，轻租税也。弛力，息繇役也。去几，关市不几也。眚礼，《掌客职》所谓凶荒杀礼者也。多昏，不备礼而娶，昏者多也。索鬼神，求废祀而修之，《云汉》之诗所谓‘靡神不举，靡爱斯牲’者也。除盗贼，急其刑以除之，饥馑则盗贼多，不可不除也。”杜子春读蕃乐为藩乐，谓闭藏乐器而不作。玄谓去几，去其税耳。舍禁，若公无禁利。眚礼，谓杀吉礼也。杀哀，谓省凶礼。
○弛，式氏反(fan)。舍(she)，音(yin)扌舍(she)。杀，所界反(fan)，徐所例反(fan)，注同。蕃，方(fang)袁(yuan)反(fan)。）
[疏]“以荒”至“盗贼”
○释曰：言“以荒政十有二”者，上经见分地职，则有年不熟之时，恐民离散，故以救荒之政十有二条以聚万民，使不离散。“一曰散利”者，谓丰时聚之，荒时散之。积而能散，使民利益，故云一曰散利。“二曰薄征”者，薄，轻也。征，税也。谓轻其税。“三曰缓刑”者，谓凶年犯刑，缓纵之。“四曰弛力”者，弛放其力役之事。“五曰舍禁”者，山泽所遮禁者，舍去其禁，使民取蔬食。“六曰去几”者，几谓呵禁，谓关市去税而几之。“七曰眚礼”者，谓吉礼之中眚其礼数。“八曰杀哀”者，谓凶礼之中杀其礼数。“九曰蕃乐”者，蕃谓闭藏乐器而不作。“十曰多昏”者，谓凶荒杀礼，昏者多。“十有一曰索鬼神”者，谓凶年祷祈，搜索鬼神而祷祈之。“十有二曰除盗贼”者，凶年盗贼多，急其刑以除之。
○注“荒凶”至“凶礼”
○释(shi)(shi)曰：《下(xia)(xia)(xia)曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)登”，即(ji)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“救(jiu)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)十有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)品(pin)(pin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)熟而(er)民饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)设政(zheng)教以(yi)救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)救(jiu)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)十有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)品(pin)(pin)。十二(er)(er)(er)品(pin)(pin)即(ji)十二(er)(er)(er)条，各有(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)列(lie)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“散(san)(san)(san)利(li)，贷(dai)(dai)种食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)丰(feng)时敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)时散(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)民无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，从公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贷(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)种子，或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)食用，至秋(qiu)熟还公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。据(ju)(ju)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)家(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)散(san)(san)(san)，据(ju)(ju)民往取为(wei)(wei)(wei)贷(dai)(dai)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)散(san)(san)(san)利(li)贷(dai)(dai)种食。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“薄(bo)征，轻(qing)租税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《司(si)稼(jia)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“巡野，观稼(jia)出敛法”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)从正，俭(jian)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)，若(ruo)今十伤(shang)二(er)(er)(er)三，实除(chu)(chu)减半(ban)。”是轻(qing)租税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弛力(li)，息繇役也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《均(jun)(jun)(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)均(jun)(jun)(jun)用三日。中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)均(jun)(jun)(jun)用二(er)(er)(er)日。无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)均(jun)(jun)(jun)用一(yi)日”，此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)弛力(li)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)二(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)移(yi)民就(jiu)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。故(gu)《均(jun)(jun)(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)政(zheng)财(cai)(cai)赋”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)几(ji)(ji)，关市不(bu)(bu)(bu)几(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)虽(sui)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，犹(you)几(ji)(ji)呵，但去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)税而(er)已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)，《掌(zhang)客职》所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《掌(zhang)客》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)总(zong)目语，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)指斥，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)眚(sheng)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“多(duo)昏(hun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)备礼(li)(li)而(er)娶昏(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，昏(hun)礼(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)，并有(you)(you)(you)玄(xuan)束(shu)帛，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)昏(hun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)备行此(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)，使有(you)(you)(you)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)得减口数(shu)，有(you)(you)(you)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)易得其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻，故(gu)娶昏(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“索(suo)鬼(gui)神(shen)求(qiu)废(fei)祀而(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)灾，鬼(gui)神(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)佑。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)索(suo)鬼(gui)神(shen)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)搜索(suo)鬼(gui)神(shen)而(er)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是求(qiu)废(fei)祀而(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。求(qiu)废(fei)祀而(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)汉》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗“靡神(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)举”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。连引“靡爱斯(si)牲(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见索(suo)鬼(gui)神(shen)是祈(qi)祷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，须牲(sheng)体以(yi)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《左氏》庄二(er)(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天灾，有(you)(you)(you)币(bi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)。”此(ci)(ci)诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“靡爱斯(si)牲(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)天灾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，祈(qi)祷无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)，灾成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後，即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)体，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)靡爱斯(si)牲(sheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“除(chu)(chu)盗贼(zei)，急(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑以(yi)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，饥(ji)(ji)(ji)馑(jin)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)盗贼(zei)多(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上文既言缓刑，其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀盗贼(zei)用急(ji)刑，乃上下(xia)(xia)(xia)文为(wei)(wei)(wei)妨，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)馑(jin)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)盗贼(zei)多(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)，故(gu)须急(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑以(yi)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。杜子春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“读(du)蕃乐(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)藩(fan)乐(le)(le)(le)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)闭(bi)藏乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)蕃者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是蕃育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，故(gu)读(du)从藩(fan)，是藩(fan)闭(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字。案(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)灾，令(ling)弛县(xian)”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“弛，释(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)今休(xiu)兵(bing)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。”彼又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“日月食，四(si)镇(zhen)五岳(yue)崩，诸侯薨，令(ling)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)，藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”引《春秋(qiu)传》曰“壬午犹(you)绎，万入去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”，万言入，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)入，藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)。彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)令(ling)弛县(xian)，据(ju)(ju)路(lu)寝常县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，释(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)，据(ju)(ju)庙中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)时暂县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)而(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)藩(fan)乐(le)(le)(le)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)闭(bi)藏乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)，据(ju)(ju)庙中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)祀，藏去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作。若(ruo)然(ran)，祭(ji)祀不(bu)(bu)(bu)作，明路(lu)寝常县(xian)亦释(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，互见其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)几(ji)(ji)，去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)税耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，破先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)几(ji)(ji)。後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必直去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)税犹(you)几(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《司(si)关》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“国(guo)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)门关之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征，犹(you)几(ji)(ji)”，明知(zhi)司(si)农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)非(fei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“舍禁，若(ruo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禁利(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：《左传》襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会晋(jin)侯伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，同盟于戏。“晋(jin)侯归，谋所(suo)以(yi)息民。魏绛请(qing)施舍，输积聚(ju)以(yi)贷(dai)(dai)，自公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，苟(gou)有(you)(you)(you)积者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尽(jin)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。国(guo)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滞(zhi)积，亦无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)困(kun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禁利(li)”。杜注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与民共”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杀(sha)(sha)(sha)哀(ai)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)省凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)破司(si)农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。司(si)农引《掌(zhang)客职》“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)”证眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)。後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)是总(zong)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，不(bu)(bu)(bu)专(zhuan)於吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)专(zhuan)是吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)哀(ai)，与眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)相对，故(gu)知(zhi)眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)专(zhuan)是吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)：襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，冬(dong)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，《梁(liang)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兼，二(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，三不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馑(jin)，四(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康，五不(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)侵。”大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)侵即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)案(an)(an)《廪人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食四(si)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，三中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，二(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)食不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)二(er)(er)(er)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)移(yi)民就(jiu)。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)二(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)，即(ji)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦据(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)。案(an)(an)《均(jun)(jun)(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)政(zheng)财(cai)(cai)赋”，此(ci)(ci)既据(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，犹(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)薄(bo)征者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)经虽(sui)主大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)，兼记一(yi)二(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)熟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)，故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)轻(qing)税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)与凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)：《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)札(zha)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)别者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)实凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)是一(yi)，故(gu)《宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)礼(li)(li)哀(ai)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)”，是凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)异。《司(si)农》凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)别文者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，以(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)乱，兼见斯(si)义(yi)(yi)，故(gu)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)别文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以保息六养万民：一曰慈幼，二曰养老，三曰振穷，四曰恤贫，五曰宽疾，六曰安富。（保息，谓安之使蕃息也。慈幼谓爱幼少也。产子三人与之母，二人与之饩，十四以下不从征。养老，七十养於乡，五十异长之属。振穷，扌升扌求天民之穷者也。穷者有四，曰矜、曰寡、曰孤、曰独。恤贫，贫无财业禀贷之。宽疾，若今癃不可事不卒，可事者半之也。安富，平其繇役，不专取。
○少(shao)，诗照反。扌升，音拯。扌求，音救，本亦作拯救。矜，古顽(wan)反。癃(long)，音隆。卒，子(zi)忽反。）
[疏]“以保”至“安富”
○释曰：上经既陈凶荒不安之事，故此经陈安养万民之道。云“以保息六养万民”者，民不安即不得蕃息，安则蕃息。保，安也。民使蕃息有六条，以养万民，故云以保息六养万民也。
○“保息”至“专取”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)“产子(zi)三(san)人(ren)(ren)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)，二人(ren)(ren)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饩”，皆(jie)是(shi)《越(yue)语》。范蠡欲速(su)报吴，为此权礼，使(shi)国民(min)(min)众多，故(gu)令国人(ren)(ren)壮(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无取(qu)(qu)老(lao)(lao)妇，老(lao)(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无取(qu)(qu)壮(zhuang)妻。女子(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁，父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)有罪(zui)；丈夫二十(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)娶，亦罪(zui)其父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)。生(sheng)(sheng)丈夫，二壶(hu)酒，一(yi)犬(quan)，生(sheng)(sheng)女子(zi)，二壶(hu)酒，一(yi)豚(tun)。生(sheng)(sheng)三(san)人(ren)(ren)，公与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)，生(sheng)(sheng)二人(ren)(ren)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饩。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见其爱幼(you)少(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)必尽如其礼。云(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)以下不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)征”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《乡大夫职》，国中七(qi)(qi)(qi)尺(chi)，野自六(liu)尺(chi)，皆(jie)从(cong)征。案：《论语》云(yun)(yun)“可(ke)(ke)以六(liu)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“六(liu)尺(chi)谓(wei)年(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)。”则十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)从(cong)征，十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)以上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)征可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，亦是(shi)爱幼(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“养(yang)老(lao)(lao)，七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)养(yang)於(wu)(wu)乡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)养(yang)於(wu)(wu)乡，六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)养(yang)於(wu)(wu)国，七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)养(yang)於(wu)(wu)学(xue)。”彼谓(wei)大夫士(shi)也(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)制》又(you)云(yun)(yun)“凡三(san)王(wang)(wang)养(yang)老(lao)(lao)，皆(jie)引(yin)年(nian)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“已(yi)而引(yin)户(hu)校(xiao)年(nian)，当行复除(chu)也(ye)。老(lao)(lao)人(ren)(ren)众多，非(fei)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)皆(jie)养(yang)。”故(gu)《食(shi)货(huo)志》云(yun)(yun)“七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)上(shang)上(shang)所养(yang)也(ye)”。此云(yun)(yun)七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)养(yang)於(wu)(wu)乡，亦谓(wei)有贤行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)异(yi)长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)《王(wang)(wang)制》文(wen)。《礼记》常法(fa)(fa)，庶人(ren)(ren)食(shi)稷，士(shi)兼食(shi)黍，大夫又(you)加以粱。今虽庶人(ren)(ren)，至五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，或与(yu)士(shi)大夫同食(shi)黍粱，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)异(yi)长。云(yun)(yun)“振穷，扌升救天民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。穷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有四(si)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)矜，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)寡，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)孤，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)独”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)：“老(lao)(lao)而无妻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矜，老(lao)(lao)而无夫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寡，少(shao)而无父(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤，老(lao)(lao)而无子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)独。”郑依此而言(yan)。此四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穷而无告者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)，皆(jie)有常饩，故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)振穷。云(yun)(yun)“恤贫(pin)，贫(pin)无财(cai)业禀贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《旅(lv)师》云(yun)(yun)：“凡用粟，春颁而秋敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“困时施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，饶时收(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)其恤贫(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)无财(cai)业禀贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“宽(kuan)疾，若(ruo)(ruo)今癃不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)事不(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，汉时癃病不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)给事，不(bu)(bu)(bu)计(ji)以为士(shi)卒(zu)(zu)，若(ruo)(ruo)今废疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“可(ke)(ke)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为重役(yi)(yi)，轻处(chu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，取(qu)(qu)其半功而已(yi)，似今残(can)疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。是(shi)其宽(kuan)饶疾病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。云(yun)(yun)“安(an)富(fu)，平其繇役(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)专(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)繇役(yi)(yi)均平，又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)专(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)，则富(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)安(an)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)安(an)富(fu)也(ye)。
以本俗六安万民：一曰A134宫室，二曰族坟墓，三曰联兄弟，四曰联师儒，五曰联朋友，六曰同衣服。（本犹旧也。美，善也。谓约攻坚，风雨攸除，各有攸宇。族犹类也。同宗者，生相近，死相迫。连犹合也。兄弟，昏姻嫁娶也。师儒，乡里教以道艺者。同师曰朋，同志曰友。同犹齐也。民虽有富者，衣服不得独异。
○[A134]，音美。联(lian)兄弟(di)，一(yi)本作聚兄弟(di)。，陟角反。）
[疏]“以本”至“衣服”
○释曰：上经陈养万民之法，此经说安民庶之道。“以本俗六安民”者，本，旧也。不依旧俗创立制度，民心不安，若依旧俗，民心乃安，故以本俗六条以安民也。
○注“本犹”至“独异”
○释(shi)(shi)曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓约(yue)攻(gong)坚(jian)(jian)，风雨(yu)攸除，各有(you)攸宇(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)《斯干》美(mei)宣王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)彼诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阁(ge)阁(ge)”，约(yue)谓扌留土。“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橐橐”，谓筑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，橐橐用(yong)力，是(shi)其(qi)约(yue)攻(gong)坚(jian)(jian)。攸，所(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。能使(shi)风雨(yu)所(suo)(suo)除。宇(yu)(yu)，居(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。君子(zi)(zi)小人(ren)各有(you)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，证美(mei)宫室(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“[A134]宫室(shi)”，明不(bu)(bu)使(shi)华美(mei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)攻(gong)坚(jian)(jian)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“族(zu)(zu)(zu)犹(you)(you)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。同(tong)(tong)宗者(zhe)(zhe)，生相(xiang)(xiang)近，死相(xiang)(xiang)迫”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《左(zuo)氏传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“非我族(zu)(zu)(zu)类，其(qi)心必异”，族(zu)(zu)(zu)类是(shi)一，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)族(zu)(zu)(zu)犹(you)(you)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“族(zu)(zu)(zu)坟(fen)墓”，是(shi)死相(xiang)(xiang)迫，明生时(shi)居(ju)住相(xiang)(xiang)近可知(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)宗者(zhe)(zhe)生相(xiang)(xiang)近，死相(xiang)(xiang)迫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“连(lian)(lian)犹(you)(you)合也(ye)(ye)(ye)。兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)，昏(hun)(hun)姻(yin)嫁娶也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)·释(shi)(shi)亲(qin)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)(wei)宗族(zu)(zu)(zu)，母与(yu)妻(qi)党为(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)”，则兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名施於外(wai)亲(qin)为(wei)(wei)正。又案(an)《丧服(fu)(fu)记》“兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)外(wai)邦(bang)”及“与(yu)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)居(ju)”，彼皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)同(tong)(tong)宗小功已(yi)下。知(zhi)此(ci)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)是(shi)昏(hun)(hun)姻(yin)，非是(shi)同(tong)(tong)宗者(zhe)(zhe)，见上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)疾坟(fen)墓是(shi)同(tong)(tong)宗，明此(ci)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)施於外(wai)姓昏(hun)(hun)姻(yin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尔(er)雅(ya)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党为(wei)(wei)昏(hun)(hun)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)”。夫妇(fu)相(xiang)(xiang)名亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《曾子(zi)(zi)问(wen)》曰“不(bu)(bu)得嗣为(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)”，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)知(zhi)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)是(shi)婚姻(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)，乡里(li)教以(yi)(yi)道(dao)艺(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)乡立庠，州党及遂皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)立序，致仕贤者(zhe)(zhe)，使(shi)教乡闾子(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)。乡闾子(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)连(lian)(lian)合，同(tong)(tong)就师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)连(lian)(lian)师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又案(an)《保氏职》“掌(zhang)养国(guo)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)道(dao)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)教以(yi)(yi)道(dao)艺(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同(tong)(tong)师(shi)曰朋(peng)(peng)(peng)，同(tong)(tong)志曰友(you)(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《学(xue)而》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)自远方来”，是(shi)“朋(peng)(peng)(peng)”者(zhe)(zhe)在学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。此(ci)友(you)(you)与(yu)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)连(lian)(lian)文(wen)，则亦(yi)是(shi)在学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。且此(ci)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)复在师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下。但朋(peng)(peng)(peng)疏而多，友(you)(you)亲(qin)而少，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)师(shi)曰朋(peng)(peng)(peng)，同(tong)(tong)志曰友(you)(you)。此(ci)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)据(ju)在学(xue)。案(an)《尚书(shu)·泰誓》，武王(wang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“我友(you)(you)邦(bang)冢(zhong)君”，是(shi)谓诸侯为(wei)(wei)友(you)(you)。《洛诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孺子(zi)(zi)其(qi)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)”，谓群(qun)臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)，朋(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，所(suo)(suo)施广矣。郑君皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)望(wang)文(wen)为(wei)(wei)义，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)注(zhu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同(tong)(tong)犹(you)(you)齐(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)虽有(you)富者(zhe)(zhe)，衣服(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)得独异”者(zhe)(zhe)，士已(yi)上衣服(fu)(fu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)采章，庶人(ren)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)深衣而已(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)民(min)虽有(you)富者(zhe)(zhe)，衣服(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)得独异，并皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)齐(qi)等也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
正月之吉，始和布教于邦国都鄙。乃县教象之法于象魏，使万民观教象，挟日而敛之。乃施教法于邦国都鄙，使之各以教其所治民。（正月之吉，周正月朔日也。司徒以布王教，至正岁又书教法而县焉。
○县(xian)，音玄(xuan)，注(zhu)同。挟(xie)，于协反。）
[疏]“正月”至“治民”
○释曰：“正月之吉”者，谓建子之月一日也。“始和”者，从十二教已下，於此月之时，始调和也。政教皆有故法，依旧而行之。言始和者，若改造云尔，其实不改造也。始以对终，对下县之是在建寅之月为终也。云“布教於邦国都鄙”者，於此正月之时调和教典讫，即布於邦国诸侯及畿内二鄙公卿大夫等。云“乃县教象之法於象魏”者，言乃者，缓辞。是建寅之月乃县教象之法於象魏阙上。云“使万民观教象”者，谓使万民来就雉门象魏之处，观教象文书，使知一年教法。云“挟日而敛之”者，县之从甲至甲为挟日，而後敛藏之於明堂。月月乃更受而行之，谓之听朔者也。云“乃施教法于邦国都鄙”者，案《大宰》六典、八法、八则之等，正月前陈之。正月之下不复言施之者，以其并是当职之事，故不复言所施。且直言施教法於邦国都鄙，则亦含上数事可知。云“使之各以教其所治民”者，若据邦国，使诸侯教所治民；若据都鄙，则使公卿大夫教所治民。
○注“正月”至“县焉”
○释曰：言正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月朔(shuo)日者(zhe)(zhe)，《周礼》凡言正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)夏(xia)之建寅正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月；直言正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)周之建子正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月也(ye)(ye)(ye)。吉者(zhe)(zhe)，月朔(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月之吉，周正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月朔(shuo)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。“司徒以布王(wang)(wang)教(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《大(da)宰》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“布王(wang)(wang)治之事於(wu)天(tian)下(xia)”，此(ci)不言天(tian)下(xia)，注(zhu)文(wen)略，邦国、都(dou)鄙则(ze)亦天(tian)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“至正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)，又书教(jiao)(jiao)法(fa)而县(xian)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)，释经(jing)“乃县(xian)”是正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)县(xian)之。必(bi)知县(xian)在正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦取(qu)义於(wu)《小司徒》云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)则(ze)帅其属(shu)而观教(jiao)(jiao)法(fa)之象”，故知县(xian)在正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
令五家为比，使之相保；五比为闾，使之相受；四闾为族，使之相葬；五族为党，使之相救；五党为州，使之相；五州为乡，使之相宾。（此所以劝民者也。使之者，皆谓立其长而教令使之。保犹任也。救，救凶灾也。宾，宾客其贤者。故书受为授，杜子春云：“当为受，谓民移徙所到则受之，所去则出之。”又云：“当为纠，谓纠其恶。”玄谓受者，宅舍有故，相受寄也。者，谓礼物不备，相给足也。闾二十五家，族百家，党五百家，州二千五百家，乡万二千五百家。
○比，毗志(zhi)反，下同。，音(yin)周。足(zu)，刘子喻反。）
[疏]“令五”至“相宾”
○释曰：此经说大司徒设比闾至於州乡等第家数，各立其官长，教劝於民。大司徒主六乡，故令六乡之内，使五家为一比，则有下士为比长主之，使五家相保，不为罪过。“五比为闾”者，二十五家为一闾，立中士为闾胥。“使之相受”者，闾胥使二十五家有宅舍破损者受寄托。“四闾为族，使之相葬”者，百家立一上士为族师，使百家之内有葬者，使之相助益，故云使之相葬。“五族为党，使之相救”者，五百家立一下大夫为党正，民有凶祸者，使民相救助，故云使之相救。“五党为州，使之相”者，二千五百家为州，立一中大夫为州长，民有礼物不备，使给之。“五州为乡，使之相宾者，万二千五百家为乡，立一六命卿为乡大夫，乡内之民有贤行者，则行乡饮酒之礼宾客之，举贡也，故云使之相宾。
○注“此所”至“百家”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)所以(yi)劝民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)经相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)葬、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)救、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)宾等(deng)，皆(jie)是(shi)民(min)间之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)所以(yi)劝民(min)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)立其长(zhang)而教(jiao)令(ling)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，民(min)不独(du)治，必须君长(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)立其长(zhang)而教(jiao)令(ling)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。立长(zhang)，谓(wei)(wei)若比长(zhang)、闾胥至乡大夫等(deng)。杜子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“当为受(shou)(shou)，谓(wei)(wei)民(min)移(yi)徙(xi)所到则(ze)(ze)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所去则(ze)(ze)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《比长(zhang)职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五家相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和亲”，与(yu)此(ci)文同(tong)，皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)一闾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内无(wu)(wu)出(chu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。《比长(zhang)职(zhi)(zhi)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“徙(xi)於(wu)国及(ji)郊(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)从(cong)而授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“徙(xi)谓(wei)(wei)不便其居也(ye)。或国中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)出(chu)徙(xi)郊(jiao)，或郊(jiao)民(min)入(ru)徙(xi)国中(zhong)。”彼(bi)是(shi)出(chu)乡闾外，与(yu)此(ci)闾内自相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)容受(shou)(shou)不同(tong)，故(gu)(gu)後郑(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)为宅舍有故(gu)(gu)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)寄托解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。子春(chun)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“当为纠(jiu)，谓(wei)(wei)纠(jiu)其恶”。後郑(zheng)不从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)一经相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，皆(jie)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)劝为善，无(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)纠(jiu)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)後郑(zheng)存字，谓(wei)(wei)礼物不备，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)给(ji)足解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“闾二十五家”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，案此(ci)经五家为比，五州(zhou)为乡，转(zhuan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)，故(gu)(gu)其家数(shu)可知。
颁职事十有二于邦国都鄙，使以登万民：一曰稼穑，二曰树艺，三曰作材，四曰阜蕃，五曰饬材，六曰通财，七曰化材，八曰敛材，九曰生材，十曰学艺，十有一曰世事，十有二曰服事。（郑司农云：“稼穑谓三农生九也。树艺谓园圃毓草木。作材谓虞衡作山泽之材。阜蕃谓薮牧养蕃鸟兽。饬材谓百工饬化八材。通财谓商贾阜通货贿。化材谓嫔妇化治丝。敛材谓臣妾聚敛疏材。生材谓间民无常职，转移执事。学艺谓学道艺。世事谓以世事教能，则民不失职。服事谓为公家服事者。”玄谓生材，养竹木者。
○饬，音敕，注同(tong)。贾，音古。，音闲。）
[疏]“颁职”至“服事”
○释曰：大司徒主天下人民之数，故颁下民之职事十有二条於天下邦国及畿内都鄙，使以登成万民。此经不言乡遂及公邑者，举外以包内，司徒亲主乡遂公邑，颁之可知。云“一日稼穑”已下至“八曰敛材”已上，即《大宰》九职中八者是也。大宰既掌之，此又重掌者，以大宰尊官，总知其数，此司徒是主民之官，亲自颁行，义各有异也。云“一日稼穑”者，种之曰稼，敛之曰穑。“二曰树艺”者，树谓植木，谓若树之榛栗。艺谓种黍稷，谓若“艺麻如之何”、“我艺黍稷”之类是也。案：《大宰》有九职，此“八曰敛材”已上与《太宰》同。《大宰》有九，此唯八者，《大宰》言任万民，随意所云，故有九。九曰闲民，无常职，转移执事。此《司徒》云颁职事，不可颁之使民转移执事，故阙之，唯有八也。“九曰生材”已下加此四事者，以其司徒主民，此四事者是民之事业及学问，故别增之也。
○注“郑司”至“木者”
○释曰：郑司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“稼(jia)穑(se)(se)谓(wei)三农(nong)生九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)已下至聚敛(lian)疏材，皆与《太宰(zai)》同，但(dan)文有(you)(you)详(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)略(lve)，其言(yan)异耳(er)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)须稼(jia)穑(se)(se)，故(gu)(gu)变言(yan)稼(jia)穑(se)(se)耳(er)。树(shu)艺与园圃毓草木(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同，草木(mu)(mu)(mu)须树(shu)艺，故(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)变言(yan)树(shu)艺耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)材谓(wei)虞(yu)衡(heng)作(zuo)山泽之(zhi)(zhi)材”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)文有(you)(you)详(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)略(lve)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阜(fu)(fu)蕃(fan)(fan)谓(wei)薮牧养(yang)(yang)蕃(fan)(fan)鸟兽”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)养(yang)(yang)蕃(fan)(fan)不言(yan)阜(fu)(fu)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)阜(fu)(fu)字者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲(yu)见非直蕃(fan)(fan)息，又使(shi)阜(fu)(fu)盛。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“饬(chi)材谓(wei)百工(gong)饬(chi)化(hua)八材”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)文有(you)(you)详(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)略(lve)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“通财谓(wei)商(shang)贾阜(fu)(fu)通货贿(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，货贿(hui)即(ji)财也(ye)(ye)，亦(yi)(yi)文有(you)(you)详(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)略(lve)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敛(lian)材谓(wei)臣妾聚敛(lian)疏材”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)文有(you)(you)详(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)略(lve)耳(er)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)八者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，以(yi)(yi)具释於(wu)《大宰(zai)》，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)不复(fu)重言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“生材谓(wei)间民(min)(min)(min)无(wu)(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，转移执事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)间民(min)(min)(min)在第九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，当《大宰(zai)》“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曰闲民(min)(min)(min)无(wu)(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)闲民(min)(min)(min)解生财也(ye)(ye)。但(dan)周公(gong)制礼，大宰(zai)任民(min)(min)(min)无(wu)(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)颁职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不可颁无(wu)(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)民(min)(min)(min)行之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)後郑易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)养(yang)(yang)竹木(mu)(mu)(mu)解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“学艺谓(wei)学道(dao)(dao)艺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《保(bao)氏职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“掌养(yang)(yang)国(guo)子以(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)，乃教之(zhi)(zhi)六艺。”故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)艺中兼有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“世事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)世事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教能，则(ze)民(min)(min)(min)不失职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《管子》书云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)子恒(heng)(heng)为(wei)工(gong)，士之(zhi)(zhi)子恒(heng)(heng)为(wei)士，商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)子恒(heng)(heng)为(wei)商(shang)，农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)子恒(heng)(heng)为(wei)农(nong)。”是以(yi)(yi)世事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教民(min)(min)(min)能，则(ze)民(min)(min)(min)不失职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)为(wei)公(gong)家服(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)若府、史、胥、徒，庶人(ren)在官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是公(gong)家服(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)生材养(yang)(yang)竹木(mu)(mu)(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)後郑破司农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。案：《大宰(zai)》事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)典云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)生万民(min)(min)(min)”，《小宰(zai)》事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)养(yang)(yang)万民(min)(min)(min)”，则(ze)知(zhi)生为(wei)养(yang)(yang)。山虞(yu)、林衡(heng)别官(guan)，则(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)生材养(yang)(yang)竹木(mu)(mu)(mu)在於(wu)平地，林衡(heng)所掌是也(ye)(ye)。
以乡三物教万民而宾兴之：一曰六德，知、仁、圣、义、忠、和；二曰六行，孝、友、睦、姻、任、恤；三曰六艺，礼、乐、射、御、书、数。（物犹事也，兴犹举也。民三事教成，乡大夫举其贤者能者，以饮酒之礼宾客之，既则献其书於王矣。知，明於事。仁，爱人以及物。圣，通而先识。义，能断时宜。忠，言以中心。和，不刚不柔。善於父母为孝，善於兄弟为友。睦，亲於九族。姻，亲於外亲。任，信於友道。恤，振忧贫者。礼，五礼之义。乐，六乐之歌舞。射，五射之法。御，五御之节。书，六书之品。数，九数之计。
○知，音(yin)智。行，下孟(meng)反(fan)。姻，音(yin)因(yin)。）
[疏]“以乡”至“书数”
○释曰：物，事也。司徒主六乡，故以乡中三事教乡内之万民也。兴，举也。三物教成，行乡饮酒之礼，尊之以为宾客而举之。三物者，则下一曰、二曰、三曰是也。
○注“民三”至“之计”
○释(shi)(shi)曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民三(san)事教成(cheng)，乡(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)举其(qi)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)饮酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既(ji)(ji)则献其(qi)书(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)王矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)并《乡(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)职》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“知(zhi)，明(ming)於(wu)(wu)(wu)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)前事不(bu)惑(huo)，若(ruo)四(si)十(shi)而不(bu)惑(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仁(ren)，爱人(ren)以(yi)及(ji)物(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)内(nei)善於(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)，外(wai)(wai)及(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《行(xing)苇(wei)》诗美成(cheng)王云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敦彼(bi)(bi)行(xing)苇(wei)，牛羊勿(wu)践履”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)爱人(ren)及(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)苇(wei)，苇(wei)即物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，通(tong)而先识”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案襄(xiang)二十(shi)二年，臧武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)如晋，雨，过(guo)御(yu)(yu)叔，御(yu)(yu)叔在邑，将饮酒，曰：“焉(yan)用圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)。”何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“说《左氏(shi)(shi)传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰：‘春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，非(fei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)孰能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’言(yan)(yan)(yan)夫(fu)子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)，乃能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。御(yu)(yu)叔谓(wei)(wei)臧武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)独孔(kong)子(zi)。”玄箴(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：“武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，述圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，鲁人(ren)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。今使(shi)如晋，过(guo)御(yu)(yu)叔，御(yu)(yu)叔不(bu)说学，见武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)而雨行(xing)，傲(ao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘焉(yan)用圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。’《左氏(shi)(shi)传(chuan)》载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)御(yu)(yu)叔不(bu)说学，不(bu)谓(wei)(wei)武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)与孔(kong)子(zi)同。”若(ruo)然，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，亦与武(wu)仲(zhong)(zhong)同，是(shi)(shi)(shi)皆述圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，能断时(shi)宜”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)断割合当时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“忠(zhong)(zhong)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)以(yi)字解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如心(xin)曰恕，如下从心(xin)；中(zhong)心(xin)曰忠(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)下从心(xin)，谓(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)，皆有(you)(you)(you)忠(zhong)(zhong)实也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“和，不(bu)刚不(bu)柔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)宽猛相济者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“善於(wu)(wu)(wu)父母(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)，善於(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)弟(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)友”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《尔(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“张仲(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)友，善父母(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)，善兄(xiong)弟(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)友”，彼(bi)(bi)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)”。此(ci)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)善於(wu)(wu)(wu)父母(mu)、善於(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)弟(di)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)孝(xiao)友，非(fei)直甘肴先奉、昏定晨省而已，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《礼记·祭(ji)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孝(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先意(yi)承志，喻父母(mu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)道(dao)。国人(ren)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：‘幸哉，有(you)(you)(you)子(zi)若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，如此(ci)美行(xing)。’”乃所为(wei)(wei)(wei)父母(mu)兄(xiong)弟(di)所善，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)善於(wu)(wu)(wu)父母(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)，善於(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)弟(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)友也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“睦(mu)，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)既(ji)(ji)睦(mu)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)睦(mu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上至高祖，下至玄孙，旁(pang)(pang)及(ji)缌麻(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“姻(yin)，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)”，知(zhi)姻(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)睦(mu)施於(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)，明(ming)此(ci)姻(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士逾月，外(wai)(wai)姻(yin)至”，亦据(ju)外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则妻(qi)族(zu)(zu)、母(mu)族(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)姻(yin)对(dui)睦(mu)，施於(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)。若(ruo)不(bu)对(dui)睦(mu)，亦施於(wu)(wu)(wu)内(nei)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因(yin)不(bu)失其(qi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)”，《丧服传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与因(yin)母(mu)同”，此(ci)皆施於(wu)(wu)(wu)内(nei)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“任(ren)，信(xin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)友道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)朋友有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)德，则任(ren)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“信(xin)则人(ren)任(ren)焉(yan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恤，振(zhen)忧(you)贫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，恤训(xun)(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)忧(you)，振(zhen)训(xun)(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)救，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)恤，振(zhen)忧(you)贫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼，五礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，自(zi)此(ci)已下至九(jiu)(jiu)数(shu)(shu)，皆取(qu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)(shi)》。案《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)(shi)职》：“掌养国子(zi)以(yi)道(dao)，教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)：一曰五礼，二曰六(liu)(liu)乐(le)，三(san)曰五射，四(si)曰五御(yu)(yu)，五曰六(liu)(liu)书(shu)，六(liu)(liu)曰九(jiu)(jiu)数(shu)(shu)。”案彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五礼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄谓(wei)(wei)吉、凶、宾、军、嘉。六(liu)(liu)乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄谓(wei)(wei)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》、《大(da)(da)咸》、《大(da)(da)韶》、《大(da)(da)夏》、《大(da)(da)》、《大(da)(da)武(wu)》。五射者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘白矢、参连、剡注(zhu)(zhu)、襄(xiang)尺、井仪。’五御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘鸣和鸾、逐(zhu)水曲、过(guo)军表、舞交(jiao)衢、逐(zhu)禽左。’六(liu)(liu)书(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘象(xiang)形、会(hui)意(yi)、转注(zhu)(zhu)、处事、假借、谐声(sheng)。’九(jiu)(jiu)数(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘方(fang)(fang)田、粟米、差分、少广、商功、均输(shu)、方(fang)(fang)程、嬴(ying)不(bu)足、旁(pang)(pang)要，此(ci)九(jiu)(jiu)章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)差、夕桀、句股。”此(ci)经直陈(chen)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)，《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)(shi)》各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)数(shu)(shu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)(zhu)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)(shi)》，具(ju)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。注(zhu)(zhu)此(ci)，直取(qu)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)(shi)》经以(yi)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。五礼言(yan)(yan)(yan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。乐(le)言(yan)(yan)(yan)歌(ge)舞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)作乐(le)时(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)升(sheng)歌(ge)下舞。射言(yan)(yan)(yan)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)升(sheng)降揖让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。御(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)节(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，四(si)马六(liu)(liu)辔，有(you)(you)(you)进退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)。书(shu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)品者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，形声(sheng)处事，差品不(bu)同。数(shu)(shu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)计(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)多少算计(ji)。各(ge)逐(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)强生(sheng)称(cheng)。
以乡八刑纠万民：一曰不孝之刑，二曰不睦之刑，三曰不睦之刑，四曰不弟之刑，五曰不任之刑，六曰不恤之刑，七曰造言之刑，八曰乱民之刑。（纠犹割察也。不弟，不敬师长。造言，讹言惑众。乱民，乱名改作，执左道以乱政也。郑司农云：“任谓朋友相任，恤谓相忧。”
○弟，音悌，注同(tong)。）
[疏]“以乡”至“之刑”
○释曰：上设三物教万民，民有不从教者，则设刑以刑之，故言“以乡八刑纠万民”也。云“一曰不孝之刑”者，有不孝於父母者则刑之。《孝经》不孝不在三千者，深塞逆源，此乃礼之通教。兼戒凡品，故不孝有刑也。“二曰不睦之刑”者，不相亲睦亦刑之。“三曰不姻之刑”者，不亲於外亲亦刑之。“四曰不弟之刑”者，谓不敬师长亦刑之。“五曰不任之刑”者，谓不信任於朋友亦刑之。“六曰不恤之刑”者，谓见灾危而不忧恤亦刑之。“七曰造言之刑”者，有造浮伪之言者，亦刑之。“八曰乱民之刑”者，谓执左道乱政则刑之。
○注“纠犹”至“相忧”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)“纠犹割察也”者(zhe)，谓(wei)察取乡(xiang)中八种之过(guo)，断割其罪。云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)弟(di)(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬(jing)师(shi)长”者(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)弟(di)(di)，即上六(liu)(liu)行(xing)友(you)(you)是(shi)也。上文在(zai)睦姻之上，此(ci)(ci)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)弟(di)(di)，退在(zai)睦姻之下(xia)者(zhe)，上言(yan)(yan)友(you)(you)，专施於兄弟(di)(di)；此(ci)(ci)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)弟(di)(di)，兼施於师(shi)长，故(gu)(gu)退在(zai)睦姻之下(xia)。云(yun)“造(zao)(zao)言(yan)(yan)，讹(e)言(yan)(yan)惑众”者(zhe)，案(an)《王(wang)制(zhi)》“行(xing)伪而坚，言(yan)(yan)伪而辨(bian)”，与此(ci)(ci)造(zao)(zao)言(yan)(yan)一也，是(shi)讹(e)言(yan)(yan)惑众也。云(yun)“乱民，乱名(ming)改作，执左道以乱政(zheng)也”者(zhe)，乱名(ming)已(yi)下(xia)，皆《王(wang)制(zhi)》文。案(an)彼注(zhu)(zhu)乱名(ming)改作谓(wei)变(bian)易(yi)官(guan)与物(wu)之名(ming)，更造(zao)(zao)法度。左道，若巫蛊及俗禁，并是(shi)乱政(zheng)之民也。上三物(wu)有六(liu)(liu)德、六(liu)(liu)行(xing)、六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)，六(liu)(liu)德、六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)设刑(xing)，独於六(liu)(liu)行(xing)设刑(xing)者(zhe)，郑注(zhu)(zhu)《师(shi)氏》云(yun)：“在(zai)身(shen)为德，施之为行(xing)。”德为在(zai)身(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)施於物(wu)，六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)亦是(shi)在(zai)身(shen)之能，不(bu)(bu)(bu)施於人(ren)，故(gu)(gu)二者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)设刑(xing)。其行(xing)并是(shi)施之於人(ren)，故(gu)(gu)禁其恐有愆负，故(gu)(gu)设刑(xing)以防(fang)之也。造(zao)(zao)言(yan)(yan)乱民，民中特害，故(gu)(gu)六(liu)(liu)行(xing)之外，别加此(ci)(ci)二刑(xing)。
以五(wu)礼(li)防万民(min)(min)之(zhi)伪(wei)，而教之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。（礼(li)所以节止民(min)(min)之(zhi)侈伪(wei)，使其行得中(zhong)(zhong)。郑司农云：“五(wu)礼(li)谓吉、凶、宾、军、嘉。”）
[疏]“以五”至“之中”
○释曰：“以五礼防万民之伪而教之中”者，案《礼记·乐记》云“礼者，著诚去伪”。故以礼防万民之伪，而教之使得中正也。
○注“礼所”至“军嘉”
○释曰：礼者，辨(bian)尊卑，别贵贼，皆有上(shang)下(xia)之宜，不得奢侈(chi)(chi)僭伪。故云(yun)礼所以节止(zhi)民之侈(chi)(chi)伪也(ye)。使其行得中(zhong)者，上(shang)不逼下(xia)，下(xia)不僭上(shang)，得其中(zhong)正是也(ye)。郑司农云(yun)：“五礼谓吉(ji)凶(xiong)宾(bin)军嘉”者，《春官·大宗(zong)伯》文也(ye)。
以六乐防万民之情，而教之和。（乐所以荡正民之情思，使其心应和也。郑司农云：“六乐谓《云门》、《咸池》、《大韶》、《大夏》、《大》、《大武》。”
○思(si)，悉吏反(fan)。应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)。招，上朝反(fan)，本亦作韶。，音护(hu)，本亦作护(hu)。）
[疏]“以六”至“之和”
○释曰：案《乐记》云“大乐与天地同和”，《孝经》云“移风易俗莫善於乐”，故大司徒云乐防万民之情而教之，使应和也。
○注“乐所”至“大武”
○释曰：案(an)《乐(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)闺门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)，父子(zi)兄弟同听之(zhi)(zhi)，莫不(bu)和亲。”故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)(le)所以(yi)荡正民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)情思(si)，使其心应(ying)和”也(ye)(ye)。郑司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)六乐(le)(le)云(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)已(yi)下(xia)，皆《大司乐(le)(le)》文(wen)，至彼具释。案(an)：前云(yun)(yun)(yun)六艺，礼(li)、乐(le)(le)、射、御(yu)、书、数(shu)(shu)，不(bu)覆申(shen)射御(yu)书数(shu)(shu)，而独申(shen)礼(li)乐(le)(le)二(er)事，但化民(min)以(yi)礼(li)乐(le)(le)为急，故(gu)《乐(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“心中斯(si)须不(bu)和不(bu)乐(le)(le)，而鄙诈之(zhi)(zhi)心入之(zhi)(zhi)矣。外貌斯(si)须不(bu)庄不(bu)敬，而易慢之(zhi)(zhi)心入之(zhi)(zhi)矣。故(gu)乐(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)，动於内(nei)(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。礼(li)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)，动於外者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”是致礼(li)乐(le)(le)以(yi)治(zhi)内(nei)(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)急也(ye)(ye)。又《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“安上治(zhi)民(min)莫善(shan)於礼(li)，移(yi)风易俗莫善(shan)於乐(le)(le)”。是礼(li)乐(le)(le)为化民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)急也(ye)(ye)，故(gu)特言礼(li)乐(le)(le)耳。
凡万民之不服教而有狱讼者，与有地治者听而断之；其附于刑者归于士。（不服教，不厌服於十二教，贪冒者也。争罪曰狱，争财曰讼。有地治者，谓乡州及治都鄙者也。附，丽也。士，司寇士师之属。郑司农云：“与有地治者听而断之，与其地部界所属吏共听断之。士谓主断刑之官，《春秋传》曰‘士荣为大士’。或谓归于圜土，圜土谓狱也，狱城圜。”
○治，直(zhi)吏反(fan)，注及下“正治”并注同(tong)。断(duan)，丁乱反(fan)，注同(tong)。厌，於(wu)涉反(fan)，或於(wu)验反(fan)。）
[疏]“凡万”至“于士”
○释曰：上以礼乐化民，而万民不厌服十二教，则斗争起。有狱讼者，将断割之时，恐其狱讼不审，故与其有地治者谓治民之官，共听而断之。若有小罪，则司徒决之。其附於五刑，则归於士，使秋官士师之等断之。
○注“不服”至“城圜”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不服(fu)教，不厌(yan)服(fu)於(wu)十(shi)(shi)二教，贪(tan)冒者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，上以(yi)十(shi)(shi)二教教民(min)(min)(min)，使不贪(tan)冒。其民(min)(min)(min)有(you)不厌(yan)服(fu)於(wu)十(shi)(shi)二教，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)贪(tan)冒之(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)。厌(yan)有(you)二种，有(you)嫌(xian)厌(yan)，有(you)厌(yan)饫(yu)之(zhi)厌(yan)，谓若祭礼有(you)阴厌(yan)之(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)。此(ci)言不厌(yan)服(fu)十(shi)(shi)二教者(zhe)(zhe)，谓不厌(yan)饫(yu)服(fu)行十(shi)(shi)二教也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“争罪曰(yue)(yue)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)，争财(cai)(cai)曰(yue)(yue)讼(song)(song)(song)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《秋(qiu)(qiu)官·大司(si)寇》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)两造禁(jin)民(min)(min)(min)讼(song)(song)(song)，以(yi)两剂禁(jin)民(min)(min)(min)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)”。狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)(song)相对(dui)，故(gu)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)争罪，讼(song)(song)(song)为(wei)争财(cai)(cai)。若狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)(song)不相对(dui)，则争财(cai)(cai)亦为(wei)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)，其义具在《秋(qiu)(qiu)官》释(shi)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)地治者(zhe)(zhe)，谓乡州及(ji)治都(dou)鄙(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)徒主六乡，明知有(you)乡州也(ye)。案(an)(an)：上经布教於(wu)都(dou)鄙(bi)，明地治之(zhi)内兼(jian)有(you)都(dou)鄙(bi)可(ke)知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“附，丽也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《秋(qiu)(qiu)官》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丽於(wu)法(fa)”，案(an)(an)《尚书·吕刑(xing)》“越兹(zi)丽刑(xing)”，故(gu)以(yi)附为(wei)丽。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)，司(si)寇士(shi)(shi)师之(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：秋(qiu)(qiu)官有(you)士(shi)(shi)司(si)、乡士(shi)(shi)、遂士(shi)(shi)、县士(shi)(shi)，并主狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)事，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)士(shi)(shi)师之(zhi)属也(ye)。司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋(qiu)(qiu)传》曰(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)，僖(xi)公二十(shi)(shi)八年，卫侯出奔。及(ji)其反国(guo)，误射杀(sha)弟叔武，元亘诉(su)於(wu)晋(jin)(jin)，卫侯与元亘讼(song)(song)(song)。晋(jin)(jin)使士(shi)(shi)荣为(wei)大士(shi)(shi)而听断之(zhi)。引此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)，欲见有(you)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)必有(you)讼(song)(song)(song)，有(you)讼(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)不必有(you)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)。故(gu)彼是(shi)争罪之(zhi)事，而言卫侯与元亘讼(song)(song)(song)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或谓归於(wu)圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)谓狱(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)农之(zhi)意，此(ci)经士(shi)(shi)或为(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)字，因即(ji)(ji)解土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)即(ji)(ji)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“狱(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)圜(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，更解圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)意。圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)义具在《秋(qiu)(qiu)官·司(si)圜(yuan)职》也(ye)。
祀五帝，奉牛牲，羞其肆。（牛能任载，地类也。奉犹进也。郑司农云：“羞，进也。肆，陈骨体也。玄谓进所肆解骨体，《士丧礼》曰“肆解去蹄”。
○肆(si)(si)，托(tuo)历反，注(zhu)“肆(si)(si)解”、“肆(si)(si)去”同，司农音四，注(zhu)“肆(si)(si)陈”同。）
[疏]“祀五”至“其肆”
○释曰：云“祀五帝”者，谓五时迎气於四郊，及总享五帝於明堂，即大司徒奉牛牲。又云“羞其肆”者，羞，进也。肆，解也。谓於俎上进所解牲体於神坐前。
○注“牛能”至“去蹄”
○释曰：郑(zheng)(zheng)解(jie)(jie)司徒(tu)奉(feng)(feng)牛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牛能任载，地类(lei)也(ye)(ye)”，故属(shu)(shu)地官(guan)司徒(tu)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羞，进(jin)也(ye)(ye)。肆(si)(si)(si)，陈(chen)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)，肩(jian)臂脊胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)。司农(nong)以肆(si)(si)(si)为(wei)(wei)四音读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)(si)(si)，陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)。谓陈(chen)牲(sheng)体(ti)(ti)於俎(zu)上，即体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)折节为(wei)(wei)二十一(yi)体(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)陈(chen)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓进(jin)所(suo)肆(si)(si)(si)解(jie)(jie)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)”者(zhe)(zhe)，後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，以肆(si)(si)(si)为(wei)(wei)レ音读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肆(si)(si)(si)解(jie)(jie)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)七体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故引《士(shi)丧礼(li)》曰“肆(si)(si)(si)解(jie)(jie)去(qu)蹄(ti)”。案《士(shi)丧礼(li)》曰“特豚(tun)(tun)四{髟(biao)易(yi)}，去(qu)蹄(ti)”。彼(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，殊(shu)肩(jian)髀。”彼(bi)言殊(shu)肩(jian)髀，与此(ci)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)。但彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四{髟(biao)易(yi)}，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)(si)(si)解(jie)(jie)，其(qi)(qi)字不(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)直以义读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非彼(bi)正文，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)(si)(si)当彼(bi){髟(biao)易(yi)}也(ye)(ye)。後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)必不(bu)从(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)肆(si)(si)(si)陈(chen)骨(gu)体(ti)(ti)为(wei)(wei)二十一(yi)体(ti)(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)，案《礼(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“腥其(qi)(qi)俎(zu)，孰其(qi)(qi)ゾ”，彼(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“腥其(qi)(qi)俎(zu)，谓豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)而腥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。孰其(qi)(qi)ゾ，谓体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)而阎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，先(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)，後(hou)体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)。经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奉(feng)(feng)牛牲(sheng)”，谓初牵(qian)入时，即言羞其(qi)(qi)肆(si)(si)(si)，明(ming)先(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)。又案《国语》，郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，则有全(quan)，明(ming)知不(bu)得先(xian)有体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)。若然(ran)，则郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)先(xian)全(quan)，始後(hou)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)。若宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭，则无全(quan)，先(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)，次体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)，《礼(li)运》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
享先王，亦如之。
[疏]“享先”至“如之”
○释曰：享先王，不(bu)(bu)辨祭之大小，彼(bi)《大宗伯》四时及六者皆称享。云“亦如之”者，亦如上(shang)“祀五帝(di)，奉牛牲，羞其肆”。又(you)不(bu)(bu)言祭地(di)(di)者，祭地(di)(di)之礼与天同。
大宾(bin)客，令(ling)野道委积。（令(ling)，令(ling)遗(yi)人(ren)使为之也。少曰委，多曰积，皆所以给宾(bin)客。）
[疏]“大宾”至“委积”
○释曰：案《大行人》，诸侯朝称宾，卿大夫来聘称客。彼对文例，散文宾客通。此云大宾客者，唯据诸侯来朝，大司徒令遗人於野路之上，治道涂及委积刍薪米禾之等，以待宾客。
○注“令令”至“宾客”
○释(shi)曰：“令(ling)，令(ling)遗人使为之(zhi)也，少曰委，多曰积”者(zhe)，案《遗人》云(yun)：“十(shi)(shi)里有(you)(you)庐(lu)，庐(lu)有(you)(you)饮食。三十(shi)(shi)里有(you)(you)宿，宿有(you)(you)路室，路室有(you)(you)委。五十(shi)(shi)里有(you)(you)候馆，候馆有(you)(you)积。”故知(zhi)义然也。
大丧，帅六乡之众庶，属其六引，而治其政令。（众庶，所丧役也。郑司农云：“六引，谓引丧车索也。六乡生六引，六遂主六绋。”
○引(yin)，如字(zi)，又音胤。绋，音弗。）
[疏]“大丧”至“政令”
○释曰：大丧谓王丧。至七月而葬，大司徒帅六乡之众庶，取一千人属其六引，挽柩乡圹。“而治其政令”者，大司徒则检校挽柩之事。
○注“众庶”至“六绋”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)“众庶，所(suo)致役(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者，但六乡(xiang)(xiang)七万五千(qian)家，唯取一(yi)千(qian)人(ren)致之，使为(wei)挽柩(jiu)之役(yi)，故云(yun)(yun)所(suo)致役(yi)也(ye)(ye)。司农云(yun)(yun)“六乡(xiang)(xiang)主六引”，则此经(jing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“六遂(sui)主六绋”者，案《遂(sui)人(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)：“大丧，帅(shuai)(shuai)六遂(sui)之役(yi)而(er)致之，掌其政令。及(ji)葬(zang)，帅(shuai)(shuai)而(er)属六。”在(zai)棺(guan)曰绋，见绳体，行道曰引，见用力，主文以见义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
大军旅，大田(tian)役，以旗致万(wan)民，而治其徒(tu)庶之政令(ling)。（旗，画(hua)熊虎者也。徵众，刻日树旗，期於其下。）
[疏]“大军”至“政令”
○释曰：凡征伐田猎所用民徒，先起六乡之众，故云“大军旅大田役以旗致万民”。司徒主六乡，田即治其徒庶之政令。
○注“旗画”至“其下”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：案《司常》云(yun)“熊(xiong)虎(hu)为旗”，故郑云(yun)“旗，画熊(xiong)虎(hu)者也”。云(yun)“徵众，刻(ke)日树旗，期(qi)於其(qi)下”者，凡起徒役，不(bu)令而诛谓之虐，故徵众庶(shu)预刻(ke)集日，至日树旗，期(qi)民(min)於其(qi)下。众皆(jie)至，弊旗，诛後至者也。
若国有大(da)故，则致万(wan)民於王(wang)门，令无节(jie)者不行(xing)於天下。（大(da)故，谓王(wang)崩及寇兵也。节(jie)，六节(jie)。有节(jie)乃得行(xing)，防奸私。）
[疏]“若国”至“天下”
○释曰：“若国有大故”者，大故是非常之事，故言“若”也。“则致万民於王门”者，以待任用故也。云“令无节者不行於天下”者，大故之时恐有奸寇。节者，用为行道之信，故无节者不行於天下，所以防奸私也。
○注“大故”至“奸私”
○释曰：言(yan)大故，知是王(wang)崩及寇兵者(zhe)，下经别云大荒(huang)、大札，故知大故中(zhong)有王(wang)崩、寇兵二事(shi)也。云“节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，六节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”者(zhe)，案《掌节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)》“山(shan)国(guo)用虎(hu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，土国(guo)用人(ren)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，泽国(guo)用龙(long)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，门关(guan)用符节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，货财用玺节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，道(dao)路用旌节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”也。
大荒、大札，则令邦国移民通财、舍禁弛力、薄征缓刑。（大荒，大凶年也。大札，大疫病也。移民，辟灾就贱。其有守不可移者，则输之。《春秋》定五年“夏，归粟於蔡”是也。
○札，侧八反(fan)。）
[疏]“大荒”至“缓刑”
○释曰：大荒谓大凶年，大札谓大疫病。“则令邦国”者，谓令天下诸侯邦国也。“移民通财”者，此谓两事，移民谓分口往就贱。财是米也，其有留守不得去者，则贱处通米与之。“舍禁”者，谓山泽之内旧遮禁不听人入者，令皆舍而不禁，容民取蔬食也。“弛力”者，谓弛力役之事。“薄征”者，若据大荒，则全无征税。今言薄征者，容有小荒仍有征税，案《司稼》注云“丰年从正，俭有所杀，若今十伤二三，实除减半”者也。“缓刑”者，谓有刑罚，宽而放之。
○注“大荒”至“是也”
○释曰：“大荒，大凶年(nian)(nian)也”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)若《曲(qu)礼》云(yun)“岁凶，年(nian)(nian)不登”。言大者(zhe)(zhe)，《梁》云(yun)“五(wu)不熟谓(wei)(wei)之大侵”，与此一也。“大札，大疫病也”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)若《左氏传》云(yun)“夭昏(hun)札瘥”。云(yun)“其有守不可(ke)移(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，则输之”者(zhe)(zhe)，释经(jing)通财也。又引“《春秋》定五(wu)年(nian)(nian)夏，输粟(su)於(wu)蔡(cai)(cai)是也”者(zhe)(zhe)，案彼传，定四年(nian)(nian)，楚(chu)瓦(wa)伐蔡(cai)(cai)，五(wu)年(nian)(nian)夏，归(gui)粟(su)於(wu)蔡(cai)(cai)。彼虽非(fei)荒札之事，直取归(gui)粟(su)一道，证(zheng)经(jing)通财之义(yi)。
岁终，则令教官正治而致事。（岁终，自周季冬也。教官，其属六十。正治，明处其文书。致事，上其计簿。
○上，时掌反。薄，蒲户反，注同(tong)。）
[疏]“岁终”至“致事”
○释曰：“岁终则令教官”者，其属六十官也。云“正治而致事”者，谓正直治理其文书，不得滥失，以为公状，然後致其职事以待考。
○注“岁终”至“计簿”
○释曰：知岁(sui)终是(shi)周季冬者，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)月(yue)之吉始(shi)和，是(shi)周之岁(sui)始(shi)，明此致(zhi)事之时亦(yi)是(shi)周之岁(sui)终。云“致(zhi)事，上其(qi)(qi)计簿(bu)”者，汉时考吏谓之计吏。计吏，据其(qi)(qi)使人也，此言计簿(bu)，据其(qi)(qi)文书也。
正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)令于教(jiao)官曰：“各(ge)共尔职，乃事，以(yi)听王命。其有(you)不正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，则国有(you)常刑。”（正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)，夏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月朔日。）
[疏]“正岁”至“常刑”
○释曰：“正岁令于教官”者，以其岁始当除旧布新，各共尔之职，汝之事。尔、乃，皆汝也。“以听王命”者，听，待也。“其不正，则国有常刑”者，谓文书不正直而滥失，则有常刑。常刑者，谓二千五百条，各依轻重而受刑法。
○注“正岁”至“朔日”
○释曰：《周礼》上下凡言“正(zheng)岁”者(zhe)，皆是(shi)夏(xia)之正(zheng)月(yue)。又(you)知是(shi)朔日(ri)者(zhe)，以其(qi)正(zheng)月(yue)之吉(ji)是(shi)朔日(ri)，此虽不言之吉(ji)，亦是(shi)朔日(ri)为始可知也。