●卷四
大司马之(zhi)职(zhi),掌建邦国(guo)之(zhi)九法(fa),以(yi)佐(zuo)王平(ping)邦国(guo)。(平(ping),成也,正也。)
[疏]“大司”至“邦国”
○释(shi)曰:此“九(jiu)法”已(yi)下,皆(jie)言邦国(guo),则施(shi)於诸(zhu)(zhu)侯为主,故(gu)(gu)云邦国(guo)也。云“以(yi)佐王(wang)平邦国(guo)”者,九(jiu)法以(yi)纠察诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,使之(zhi)成正(zheng),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)平言之(zhi)也。但此九(jiu)法,据殷同(tong)之(zhi)时建之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)《大行人》云“殷同(tong)以(yi)施(shi)天下之(zhi)政(zheng)”,注云:“政(zheng)谓邦国(guo)之(zhi)九(jiu)法。”则殷同(tong)之(zhi)时,司马(ma)明布告之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云建也。
制畿封国以正邦国,(封,谓立封於疆为界。
○畿,音祈。)
[疏]“制畿”至“邦国”
○释曰:谓(wei)制诸侯(hou)五百(bai)、四百(bai)里之等(deng),各有封疆,界分乃得正(zheng),故云“以正(zheng)邦国”。
设仪辨位以等邦国,(仪,谓诸侯及诸臣之仪。辨,别也,别尊卑之位。
○别,彼(bi)列反,下皆同。)
[疏]注“仪谓”至“之位”
○释曰:郑知仪(yi)中(zhong)有诸(zhu)侯(hou)及(ji)诸(zhu)臣者,以(yi)此(ci)经云(yun)等(deng)邦(bang)国(guo)。按《大(da)行人》云(yun):“以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)辨(bian)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming),等(deng)诸(zhu)臣之(zhi)爵(jue)。”郑云(yun):“九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi),谓命(ming)(ming)者五(wu),公(gong)侯(hou)伯子男也。爵(jue)者四,孤卿大(da)夫士也。”知九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)中(zhong)唯有诸(zhu)侯(hou)诸(zhu)臣,无天子之(zhi)臣。按《大(da)宗伯》云(yun)“以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming),正邦(bang)国(guo)之(zhi)位(wei)”,注云(yun)“每命(ming)(ming)异(yi)仪(yi)”,则九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)之(zhi)中(zhong)谓一命(ming)(ming)以(yi)至九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)仪(yi)。其中(zhong)有六命(ming)(ming)、八命(ming)(ming)并(bing)九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)(ming)作伯兼有王臣,则与此(ci)异(yi)也。
进贤兴功以作邦国,(兴犹举也。作,起也。起其劝善乐业之心,使不惰废。
○乐(le)业,如(ru)字,又音洛,一音五教反。)
[疏]“进贤”至“邦国”
○释曰:“进(jin)贤”,诸臣旧在位(wei),有(you)德(de)行者(zhe),并(bing)草莱有(you)德(de)行未遇爵(jue)命者(zhe),进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)称(cheng)才仕用。兴,举(ju)也(ye)(ye)。臣有(you)功者(zhe),举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦使(shi)任用。作,起也(ye)(ye)。以臣有(you)贤有(you)功,举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与官,则起邦(bang)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内劝(quan)善(shan)(shan)乐业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),使(shi)不惰废(fei)善(shan)(shan)业也(ye)(ye)。
建牧立监以维邦国,(牧,州牧也。监,监国,谓君也。维犹连结也。
○监,古衔反。)
[疏]“建牧”至“邦国”
○释曰:二(er)百一(yi)(yi)十国(guo)以为州,州有牧,使维(wei)持诸(zhu)侯。又一(yi)(yi)国(guo)立一(yi)(yi)监,以监察一(yi)(yi)国(guo),上下相维(wei),故云“以维(wei)邦(bang)国(guo)”也。此则《大(da)宰》云“建其牧,立其监,亦一(yi)(yi)也。
制军诘禁以纠邦国,(诘犹穷治也。纠犹正也。
○诘(jie),去吉反。)
[疏]“制军”至“邦国”
○释曰:按(an):上文大国(guo)三军,次国(guo)二军,小国(guo)一军也。诘(jie)禁(jin)者,按(an)《士师》有“五禁(jin)”,天子(zi)礼。此诸侯国(guo),亦当有五禁(jin)以相(xiang)穷(qiong)治、相(xiang)纠正,故云“以纠邦(bang)国(guo)也”。
施贡分(fen)职以(yi)任(ren)邦国,(职谓职税也。任(ren)犹事也。事以(yi)其力之所堪(kan)。)
[疏]“施贡”至“邦国”
○释曰:施(shi)贡多少(shao),据(ju)国(guo)(guo)地大小(xiao)(xiao),故(gu)《地官(guan)》大国(guo)(guo)贡半(ban),次国(guo)(guo)三(san)之一(yi),小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)四之一(yi),皆由天(tian)子施(shi)之。此《大宰》九贡,并(bing)《小(xiao)(xiao)行人》春令入贡,皆是岁(sui)之常贡,与《大行人》因(yin)(yin)朝而(er)贡者(zhe)异(yi)也。分职者(zhe),即《大宰》所(suo)云九职是也。彼据(ju)畿内,此据(ju)诸(zhu)侯。诸(zhu)侯邦国(guo)(guo)亦由天(tian)子分之,使(shi)民(min)有职业,因(yin)(yin)使(shi)税(shui)之。所(suo)税(shui)者(zhe),市(shi)之以(yi)充贡。若然,言贡,据(ju)向天(tian)子而(er)言。云税(shui),据(ju)民(min)所(suo)为(wei)为(wei)说。事相因(yin)(yin),皆所(suo)以(yi)任邦国(guo)(guo),故(gu)云“以(yi)任邦国(guo)(guo)”也。
简稽乡民以用邦国,(简谓比数之。稽犹计也。
○乡(xiang),许亮反。)
[疏]“简稽”至“邦国”
○释曰:注(zhu)云“简谓比数之(zhi)稽犹(you)计也”,谓比数计会(hui)乡民(min)而用之(zhi),故云“以用邦国”也。
均守平(ping)则以安邦国,(诸侯(hou)有土(tu)地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)均之,尊者(zhe)(zhe)守大,卑者(zhe)(zhe)守小。则,法也(ye)。)
[疏]“均守”至“邦国”
○释曰:言“均守”,谓(wei)五等(deng)诸侯有五等(deng)受地,“五百(bai)里”已下是均守也(ye)。“平则(ze)”者(zhe),则(ze),法(fa)也(ye),比(bi)谓(wei)五等(deng)职贡(gong)之等(deng)皆有常(chang)法(fa),邦(bang)(bang)国获安,故(gu)云“以安邦(bang)(bang)国”。
比小事大以和邦国。(比犹亲。使大国亲小国,小国事大国,相合和也。《易·比·象》曰:“先王以建万国,亲诸侯。”
○比,毗志反,注同。)
[疏]注“比犹”至“诸侯”
○释曰:按《司仪》,有(you)五等诸侯自相为宾,亦有(you)五等诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)臣相为国(guo)客。按《春秋》,有(you)小国(guo)朝大(da)(da)国(guo),大(da)(da)国(guo)聘小国(guo)。故(gu)郑云使(shi)大(da)(da)国(guo)亲小国(guo),释经(jing)比(bi)小也(ye)。云“小国(guo)事大(da)(da)国(guo)”,释经(jing)事大(da)(da),使(shi)相合(he)和(he),故(gu)云“以(yi)和(he)邦(bang)国(guo)”也(ye)。引(yin)《易·比(bi)·象(xiang)》者,其卦坤下坎上,坤为土,坎为水,水得土而流(liu),土得水而柔,是(shi)水土和(he)合(he)。故(gu)象(xiang)先王建(jian)万(wan)国(guo),亲诸侯,谓(wei)法卦行(xing)事,使(shi)诸侯相亲。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者,证比(bi)小事大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。
以九伐之法正邦国,(诸侯有违王命,则出兵以征伐之,所以正之也。诸侯之于国,如树木之有根本,是以言伐云。
○伐,如字,刘(liu)扶发反。)
[疏]注“诸侯”至“伐云”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯有违(wei)王(wang)命(ming),则出兵(bing)以(yi)征伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所以(yi)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)经与(yu)下文(wen)(wen)为(wei)目,则下九者(zhe)皆(jie)是(shi)违(wei)王(wang)命(ming)者(zhe)也。若(ruo)然,按(an)下文(wen)(wen)九者(zhe),唯有“贼(zei)贤害民”一者(zhe)称(cheng)伐(fa)(fa),其馀(yu)八者(zhe)皆(jie)不言(yan)伐(fa)(fa)。此(ci)(ci)经总言(yan)伐(fa)(fa)者(zhe),侵灭二者(zhe)亦是(shi)伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,其馀(yu)六者(zhe),皆(jie)先以(yi)兵(bing)加(jia)其境,服乃眚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、单之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、削之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、残之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、杜(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故皆(jie)以(yi)伐(fa)(fa)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於国,如(ru)树(shu)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有根本,是(shi)以(yi)言(yan)伐(fa)(fa)云(yun)”者(zhe),按(an)《月令(ling)·孟夏》云(yun)“无伐(fa)(fa)大(da)树(shu)”,孔(kong)子云(yun):“伐(fa)(fa)一木不以(yi)其时(shi)(shi),非孝子。”是(shi)树(shu)木称(cheng)伐(fa)(fa)。此(ci)(ci)九伐(fa)(fa)施於邦国,在於时(shi)(shi)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),是(shi)以(yi)《大(da)行人》云(yun)“时(shi)(shi)会以(yi)发(fa)四方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁”,注云(yun)“禁谓九伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”,是(shi)当时(shi)(shi)会者(zhe)也。
冯弱犯寡则眚之,(冯犹乘陵也,言不字小而侵侮之。眚犹人眚瘦也,《王霸语》曰“四面削其地”。
○冯,皮冰反(fan)。眚(sheng),所景反(fan)。瘦,所又反(fan)。)
[疏]注“冯犹”至“其地”
○释曰:云“冯弱(ruo)”,据以强陵(ling)弱(ruo)。云“犯寡”,据以大侵小。如此者(zhe),眚瘦其(qi)(qi)地,使(shi)不得强大也(ye)(ye)。引《王(wang)霸记》者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)记王(wang)及(ji)霸事(shi)者(zhe)。云“四面(mian)(mian)削其(qi)(qi)地”者(zhe),对下文削之(zhi)者(zhe)示(shi)四面(mian)(mian)削之(zhi)为异也(ye)(ye)。
贼贤害民则伐之,(《春秋传》曰:“粗者曰侵,精者曰伐。”又曰:“有锺鼓曰伐。”则伐者,兵入其竟,鸣锺鼓以往,所以声其罪。
○粗(cu),音[B331],本亦作(zuo)[B331]。竟,音境。)
[疏]注“春秋”至“其罪”
○释曰:云(yun)“贼贤”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乱王所任(ren)同己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)此,则贼虐谏辅,故云(yun)贼贤也(ye)。云(yun)“害民”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以君臣俱恶,重赋多徭(yao),其民被(bei)害,故曰害民。如(ru)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则声(sheng)锺鼓(gu)(gu)伐之也(ye)。引《春(chun)秋传(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按庄(zhuang)十(shi)年(nian):“二(er)月(yue),公侵宋(song)。”《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“角(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰侵,精者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰伐。”何(he)(he)休云(yun):“角(jiao),粗(cu)也(ye)。”彼不言粗(cu),此言粗(cu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑读传(chuan)(chuan)与何(he)(he)异,角(jiao)即粗(cu),义亦同也(ye)。又曰“有锺鼓(gu)(gu)曰伐”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此庄(zhuang)二(er)十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)夏(xia),郑人侵许,《左氏传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“凡师有锺鼓(gu)(gu)曰伐,无曰侵。”引此二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆证侵轻伐重之义也(ye)。
暴内陵外则坛之,(内谓其国,外谓诸侯。“坛”读如“同单”之单。《王霸记》曰“置之空单之地”。郑司农云:“坛读从‘惮之以威’之惮,书亦或为单。”玄谓置之空单,以出其君,更立其次贤者。
○坛,依注作单,音善。惮(dan)之(zhi)以,徒旦(dan)反,下同(tong),本或无之(zhi)字。)
[疏]“暴内”至“坛之”
○释曰:“暴内”,即上云“贼贤害民”是也。“陵外”,即上云“冯弱犯寡”是也。上二文各有其一,故伐之、眚之,不夺其位。此则外内之恶兼有,故坛之,夺其位,立其次贤。
○注“内谓”至“贤者”
○释曰(yue):郑云“读(du)如同(tong)单(dan)之单(dan)”,从《金》“三(san)坛同(tong)单(dan)”之单(dan)。取其(qi)(qi)除地曰(yue)单(dan),谓置之空地。先郑读(du)从“惮之以威”之惮,此罪既重,而直惮之,於义不可。故後(hou)郑还(hai)从《王(wang)霸记》为正。郑知(zhi)(zhi)立其(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)贤者,以其(qi)(qi)古者不灭国,故知(zhi)(zhi)更立次(ci)(ci)已下贤子(zi)弟。
野荒民散则削之,(荒,芜也,田不治,民不附,削其地,明其不能有。
○芜,音无。)
[疏]“野荒民散则削之”
○释曰(yue):古者量(liang)地(di)(di)以制(zhi)邑,度地(di)(di)以居民(min)。地(di)(di)邑民(min)居必参相得,无(wu)旷土,无(wu)游民(min)。今言“野(ye)荒民(min)散”,由(you)君政恶,民(min)并彼乐国,故(gu)民(min)散而野(ye)荒,是其君不能有,故(gu)削之。
负(fu)固(gu)不服则侵(qin)之(zhi),(负(fu)犹(you)恃也。固(gu),险可(ke)依以固(gu)者(zhe)也。不服,不事大(da)也。侵(qin)之(zhi)者(zhe),兵加(jia)其竟而已,用兵浅(qian)者(zhe),《诗》曰:“密人(ren)不恭,敢距(ju)大(da)邦。”)
[疏]“负固不服则侵之”
○释曰:谓倚恃险固,不服事大国,则以兵侵之,使弱其势也。
○注“负犹”至“大邦”
○释曰:云(yun)“固(gu),险可(ke)依以固(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓若僖(xi)四年,楚屈完云(yun):“楚国方城以为城,汉水以为池,虽君(jun)之(zhi)众,无所用之(zhi)。”是其负固(gu)不(bu)服也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)服,不(bu)事大(da)”,即上云(yun)“比小事大(da)”,是其服者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“用兵浅者(zhe)(zhe)”,对伐是用兵深者(zhe)(zhe),以其罪轻,直(zhi)侵之(zhi)而已也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)雅·皇矣篇》,引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证不(bu)服也(ye)(ye)。
贼杀其亲则正之,(正之者,执而治其罪。《王霸记》曰:“正,杀之也。”《春秋》僖二十八年冬,晋人执卫侯,归之于京师,坐杀其弟叔武。
○坐(zuo),才卧反。)
[疏]注“正之”至“叔武”
○释(shi)曰:郑云(yun)“正(zheng)之(zhi)者执而治(zhi)其罪(zui)”者,其正(zheng)未必即(ji)是(shi)(shi)杀,但贼杀其亲,其罪(zui)尤重,故以正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)杀解之(zhi),是(shi)(shi)以《王霸(ba)记》以正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)杀也(ye)(ye)。引晋人执卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)归于京(jing)师,京(jing)师据洛邑(yi)而言也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“坐杀其弟(di)(di)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)”者,按彼传,晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伐(fa)卫(wei),卫(wei)公(gong)出(chu)奔楚(chu),晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)败楚(chu)於(wu)城濮。其弟(di)(di)以受(shou)盟(meng),既受(shou)盟(meng),国则无罪(zui)。卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)即(ji)入(ru),将入(ru),与弟(di)(di)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)为(wei)(wei)期,卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)期入(ru)。叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)将沐,闻君至,喜(xi),捉发走出(chu),前驱犬,射(she)而杀之(zhi)。卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)知其无罪(zui),枕之(zhi)股而哭之(zhi)。元(yuan)亘(gen)旧(jiu)在国,是(shi)(shi)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)党(dang),见卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)杀弟(di)(di),遂诉卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)晋,晋以卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)有罪(zui),诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)不相治(zhi)罪(zui),遂执卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)归於(wu)京(jing)师。时使医(yi)(yi)衍(yan)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),甯(ning)俞货医(yi)(yi)衍(yan),薄(bo)其,不死(si)。是(shi)(shi)坐杀弟(di)(di),合(he)正(zheng)之(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
放弑其君则残之,(放,逐也。残,杀也。《王霸记》曰:“残灭其为恶。”
○弑,本(ben)又作杀(sha),同音试。)
[疏]注“放逐”至“为恶”
○释曰:郑以(yi)逐(zhu)解放,则(ze)若(ruo)季(ji)氏(shi)逐(zhu)昭(zhao)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)解弑(shi)(shi)(shi),弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其君(jun)(jun),则(ze)若(ruo)庆父(fu)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)二君(jun)(jun)及崔杼弑(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“残(can)(can)(can)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)”者(zhe),以(yi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)解残(can)(can)(can)也(ye)(ye)。经(jing)本不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)灭,云(yun)(yun)(yun)残(can)(can)(can)者(zhe),盖取(qu)残(can)(can)(can)贼(zei)(zei)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)苦毒。故《尚(shang)书·梓材》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“戕(qiang)败人(ren)宥”,注“戕(qiang),残(can)(can)(can)也(ye)(ye)”。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)胥戕(qiang),无(wu)(wu)胥虐(nve)(nve)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“无(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)残(can)(can)(can)贼(zei)(zei),无(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)暴虐(nve)(nve)。”是(shi)(shi)戕(qiang)为(wei)残(can)(can)(can)贼(zei)(zei)也(ye)(ye)。《异义》,郑君(jun)(jun)以(yi)为(wei)《左氏(shi)》宣十八年秋七月,云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邾(zhu)人(ren)戕(qiang)曾(ceng)阝(fu)(fu)子(zi)于曾(ceng)阝(fu)(fu)”,传曰“凡(fan)自内虐(nve)(nve)其君(jun)(jun)曰弑(shi)(shi)(shi),自外曰戕(qiang)”,即邾(zhu)人(ren)戕(qiang)曾(ceng)阝(fu)(fu)子(zi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。自内弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其君(jun)(jun)曰弑(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),晋人(ren)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其君(jun)(jun)州(zhou)蒲是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)他(ta)国君(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)加(jia)虐(nve)(nve),亦曰杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。若(ruo)加(jia)虐(nve)(nve)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),乃谓之(zhi)(zhi)戕(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi),取(qu)残(can)(can)(can)贼(zei)(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)自上杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)下及两下自相(xiang)(xiang)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)等,皆曰杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。若(ruo)然,此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)残(can)(can)(can)者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)加(jia)虐(nve)(nve)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)。虽(sui)非他(ta)国君(jun)(jun),至於贼(zei)(zei)臣,亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)残(can)(can)(can)也(ye)(ye)。
犯令陵(ling)政则杜(du)之,(令犹命(ming)也。《王(wang)霸记》曰:“犯令者(zhe),违命(ming)也。”陵(ling)政者(zhe),轻政法,不循也。杜(du)之者(zhe),杜(du)塞使(shi)不得与邻国交通。)
[疏]注“令犹”至“交通”
○释(shi)曰:郑训“令”为“命”者,欲(yu)就《王霸记(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)命解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)为王命之(zhi)(zhi)意也。但(dan)犯命陵政是不(bu)受(shou)上(shang)命,不(bu)通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)事。故还杜塞(sai)之(zhi)(zhi),使不(bu)与四(si)邻交通(tong)。
外内乱,鸟兽行,则灭之。(《王霸记》曰:“悖人伦,外内无以异于禽兽,不可亲百姓,则诛灭去之也。”《曲礼》曰:“夫唯禽兽无礼,故父子聚。”
○行(xing),下孟反(fan)(fan)(fan)。悖,必内反(fan)(fan)(fan)。去(qu),起吕反(fan)(fan)(fan)。夫,音(yin)符。,於牛反(fan)(fan)(fan),牝鹿(lu)也。)
[疏]注“王霸”至“聚”
○释曰:外(wai)乱(luan)(luan),谓(wei)若(ruo)齐襄公(gong)淫於(wu)外(wai)鲁桓夫人文(wen)姜之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)也(ye)。内乱(luan)(luan),谓(wei)家内若(ruo)卫宣(xuan)公(gong)上父(fu)妾、下(xia)纳(na)子(zi)妻(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)也(ye)。引《曲礼》者(zhe),鹿之(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)子(zi)聚,兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan),不(bu)(bu)言鸟之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan),义(yi)可知,故(gu)略而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)言也(ye)。按(an)《春秋公(gong)羊》、《左(zuo)氏》说,凡征(zheng)战有六等(deng)(deng),谓(wei)侵、战、伐、围、入(ru)、灭(mie)。用兵粗角,不(bu)(bu)声锺鼓,入(ru)境(jing)而(er)(er)(er)已,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)侵。侵而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)战之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)两陈交刃。战而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)伐之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)用兵精而(er)(er)(er)声锺鼓。伐而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)围之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)其四郭。围而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)入(ru)其四郭,取(qu)人民,不(bu)(bu)有其地(di)。入(ru)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)取(qu)其君。此(ci)皆举(ju)重而(er)(er)(er)言,假(jia)令(ling)先(xian)入(ru)後灭(mie),书入(ru)举(ju)重,已外(wai)尽然。
正月之吉,始和布政于邦国都鄙,乃县政象之法于象魏,使万民观政象,挟日而敛之。(以正月朔日布王政於天下,至正岁又县政法之书。挟日,十日也。
○县,音(yin)玄,注同。治,直吏反(fan)。挟,子协反(fan)。)
[疏]“正月”至“敛之”
○释(shi)曰:“正月”,谓(wei)周正建子(zi)之月。“之吉”,谓(wei)朔日。“始和(he)”,凡政有故,言始和(he)者,若改造(zao)云耳。“布(bu)(bu)政于邦国都鄙(bi)”者,谓(wei)上九(jiu)法、九(jiu)伐,并下“凡令”以下,皆此时布(bu)(bu)之。邦国据畿(ji)外,都鄙(bi)据畿(ji)内。不(bu)言乡遂及公(gong)邑,布(bu)(bu)政可知,此则遍天下也(ye)。云“乃县(xian)”已(yi)下,亦(yi)谓(wei)正岁(sui)乃县(xian)之,一与《大宰》同,不(bu)复具(ju)释(shi)也(ye)。
乃以九畿之籍,施邦国之政职。方千里曰国畿,其外方五百里曰侯畿,又其外方五百里曰甸畿,又其外方五百里曰男畿,又其外方五百里曰采畿,又其外方五百里曰卫畿,又其外方五百里曰蛮畿,又其外方五百里曰夷畿,又其外方五百里曰镇畿,又其外方五百里曰蕃畿。(畿,犹限也,自王城以外五千里为界,有分限者九。籍,其礼差之书也。政职,所共王政之职,谓赋税也。故书“畿”为“近”。郑司农云:“近当言畿。《春秋传》曰:‘天子一畿,列国一同。’《诗·殷颂》曰:‘邦畿千里,维民所止。’”
○分(fen),符(fu)问反。共,音恭,凡供字皆(jie)作共,後(hou)仿此。)
[疏]“乃以”至“蕃畿”
○释曰:“乃以九畿之籍”者,谓以面五千里为九畿,皆有典籍之书,今大司马以此籍书施其政职之事於邦国诸侯也。云“方千里曰国畿”者,此据王畿内千里而言,非九畿之畿。但九畿以此国畿为本,向外每五百里加为一畿也。云“侯”者,候也,为天子伺候非常也。云“甸”者,为天子治田,以出赋贡。云“男”者,任也,任王者之职事。云“采”者,采取美物以共天子。云“卫”者,为天子卫守。云“蛮”者,縻也,以近夷狄,縻系之以政教。自此已上六服,是中国之九州。自此已外,是夷狄之诸侯。此蛮服出《大司徒》,云“要服”,亦一也。言要者,亦见要束以文教也。云“夷”者,以夷狄而得夷称也。云“镇”者,去中国稍远,理须镇守。云“蕃”者,以其最远,故得蕃屏之称。此三服总号蕃服,故《大行人》云“九州之外谓之蕃国,世一见”,指此三服也。此云者,卫服之内各举一边而言,其实通称,唯蛮服以外,直据彼为号,不通中国之言也。
○注“畿犹”至“所止”
○释(shi)曰:云“王城以外(wai)五(wu)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)为界(jie)”者(zhe),两面相(xiang)距则方(fang)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li),此则易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)君二(er)(er)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,尧(yao)舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),固应万(wan)里(li)(li)(li),而五(wu)服面二(er)(er)千(qian)五(wu)百里(li)(li)(li),两面相(xiang)距止(zhi)有(you)五(wu)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)。无(wu)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)者(zhe),此据(ju)(ju)未治洪(hong)水时(shi),服各(ge)五(wu)百里(li)(li)(li)。至禹(yu)治洪(hong)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後,弼(bi)成(cheng)五(wu)服,服加五(wu)百,则亦(yi)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)孔君义则不然。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)(ju)鸟飞直路,此周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)服亦(yi)止(zhi)五(wu)千(qian)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)随山川(chuan)屈曲,则《禹(yu)贡》亦(yi)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li),彼此不异(yi)也。云“九(jiu)籍(ji),其礼(li)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书也”者(zhe),诸侯(hou)赋(fu)贡多(duo)少有(you)常,则大(da)国贡半,次国三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),小(xiao)国四之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),是其礼(li)差也。云“政(zheng)职(zhi),所共王政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),谓赋(fu)税也”者(zhe),按《大(da)宰》云“以九(jiu)职(zhi)任万(wan)民”,据(ju)(ju)畿(ji)内。此九(jiu)职(zhi)亦(yi)施(shi)与邦(bang)国,则此政(zheng)职(zhi)也。但施(shi)职(zhi)事(shi)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使万(wan)民勤职(zhi)而出赋(fu)税,诸侯(hou)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以半与三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)四之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),市取土毛(mao)以贡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则《禹(yu)贡》“篚贡”是也。据(ju)(ju)民而出谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)税,据(ju)(ju)诸侯(hou)所送谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贡也。引(yin)《春(chun)秋(qiu)传》者(zhe),按襄二(er)(er)十五(wu)年(nian),郑子产(chan)对晋云:“昔天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地一(yi)圻(qi),列国一(yi)同(tong),今(jin)大(da)国多(duo)数圻(qi)矣,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)无(wu)侵小(xiao),何以至焉(yan)?”《殷颂(song)》“邦(bang)畿(ji)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)”,是《殷颂(song)·玄鸟》诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,引(yin)此二(er)(er)者(zhe),证王畿(ji)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。
凡令赋,以地与民制之。上地食者参之二,其民可用者家三人;中地食者半,其民可用者二家五人;下地食者参之一,其民可用者家二人。(赋,给军用者也。令邦国之赋,亦以地之美恶、民之众寡为制,如六遂矣。郑司农云:“上地,谓肥美田也。食者参之二,假令一家有三顷,岁种二顷,休其一顷。下地食者参之一,田薄恶者所休多。”
○令,力呈反。)
[疏]“凡令”至“二人”
○释曰:此(ci)文承(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)邦国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而云(yun)(yun)“令赋”,是还据(ju)(ju)(ju)邦国诸侯而说也(ye)。此(ci)经有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)等(deng)(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),按《小司徒》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)夫有(you)(you)(you)(you)妇,然後为(wei)(wei)(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。自二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)至於(wu)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)等(deng)(deng)(deng),七(qi)六(liu)五(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。则地(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),各分为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。九(jiu)等(deng)(deng)(deng),则十口食(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),九(jiu)口食(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),八口食(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),七(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”又(you)按《遂(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)夫一廛,田百(bai)亩,莱五(wu)十亩,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)亩,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)三(san)百(bai)亩,与(yu)此(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)合,故郑云(yun)(yun)邦国如六(liu)遂(sui)矣。若然,则上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)是上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),应(ying)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)长,可(ke)任(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)当二(er)(er)(er)(er)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),今云(yun)(yun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),经欲互举(ju)以(yi)明(ming)义(yi),故以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),见(jian)出(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。又(you)言(yan)“下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,其(qi)民(min)可(ke)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,地(di)(di)即(ji)据(ju)(ju)(ju)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)即(ji)据(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)是互举(ju)以(yi)明(ming)义(yi),故地(di)(di)举(ju)其(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)举(ju)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),欲见(jian)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)内三(san)等(deng)(deng)(deng)其(qi)地(di)(di)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),假令一家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)顷,岁种(zhong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)顷,休其(qi)一顷”者(zhe)(zhe),举(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di),只应(ying)云(yun)(yun)一顷五(wu)十亩,而云(yun)(yun)三(san)顷者(zhe)(zhe),直取(qu)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),举(ju)整言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或并二(er)(er)(er)(er)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)而说也(ye)。
中春,教振旅,司马以旗致民,平列陈,如战之陈。(以旗者,立旗期民於其下也。兵者,守国之备。孔子曰:“以不教民战,是谓弃之。”兵者凶事,不可空设,因狩而习之。凡师出曰治兵,入曰振旅,皆习战也。四时各教民以其一焉。春习振旅,兵入收众专於农。平犹正也。
○中,音仲(zhong),下放此。陈,直觐(jin)反,下“之陈”、“可陈”、“陈前”、“徇(xun)陈”、“行(xing)陈”、“巡陈”皆同,馀(yu)以(yi)意求之。,所留(liu)反。)
[疏]注“以旗”至“正也”
○释曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旗者(zhe)(zhe),立旗期民於(wu)其(qi)(qi)下也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓大(da)司马(ma)素有(you)田猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)期日,今至(zhi)期日,立熊虎(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)旗於(wu)期处(chu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)集众,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)期民於(wu)其(qi)(qi)下。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe),守国之(zhi)(zhi)备(bei)(bei)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)欲解田猎(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)习(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)守国之(zhi)(zhi)备(bei)(bei)。引(yin)孔子语(yu),欲见须田猎(lie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)凶事”者(zhe)(zhe),隐公(gong)(gong)《传》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)可空(kong)设,因(yin)狩而(er)习(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),狩是(shi)田猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)名。欲行狩,先芟草莱,教(jiao)(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)讫,乃(nai)入(ru)(ru)防田猎(lie),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)因(yin)狩而(er)习(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《书(shu)传》文:“战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗不(bu)(bu)可空(kong)习(xi)(xi),故(gu)(gu)於(wu)狩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”闲(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),习(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)其(qi)(qi)习(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)狩也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)师出(chu)曰治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),入(ru)(ru)曰振(zhen)(zhen)旅,皆(jie)习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)庄公(gong)(gong)八年正月,师次於(wu)郎。甲午,祠(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。《公(gong)(gong)羊传》曰:“祠(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)何?出(chu)曰祠(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“礼(li),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)徒使,故(gu)(gu)将出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),必祠(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)近郊,陈兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),杀牲飨(xiang)士卒。”又曰:“入(ru)(ru)曰振(zhen)(zhen)旅,其(qi)(qi)礼(li)一也(ye),皆(jie)习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。”《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙,礼(li)也(ye)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三年而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),与秋同名。兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)革将出(chu),故(gu)(gu)曰治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。”《梁传》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)曰治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。入(ru)(ru)曰振(zhen)(zhen)旅,习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。”郑(zheng)玄於(wu)《异义》不(bu)(bu)从《公(gong)(gong)羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祠(ci)(ci)(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe),《公(gong)(gong)羊》字之(zhi)(zhi)误(wu),因(yin)而(er)作说(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)”,亦不(bu)(bu)从《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)为(wei)授(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙。云(yun)(yun)(yun):“於(wu)周《司马(ma)职》曰,仲(zhong)夏(xia)教(jiao)(jiao)茇舍,仲(zhong)秋教(jiao)(jiao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),其(qi)(qi)下皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)如(ru)(ru)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)陈。仲(zhong)冬教(jiao)(jiao)大(da)阅,战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)法,虞人莱所(suo)(suo)田之(zhi)(zhi)野,乃(nai)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)(ru)是(shi),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)属皆(jie)习(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),非授(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙,又无(wu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。”是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尔雅·释天》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)为(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),尚(shang)威(wei)武(wu)也(ye)。入(ru)(ru)为(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)旅,反尊卑(bei)也(ye)。”言反尊卑(bei)者(zhe)(zhe),出(chu)则壮(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)在前,老弱在後;入(ru)(ru)则壮(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)在後,老弱在前。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)此云(yun)(yun)(yun)“振(zhen)(zhen)旅,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)入(ru)(ru)收众专(zhuan)於(wu)农”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“四时各教(jiao)(jiao)民以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一焉”者(zhe)(zhe),春教(jiao)(jiao)振(zhen)(zhen)旅,夏(xia)教(jiao)(jiao)茇舍,秋教(jiao)(jiao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),至(zhi)冬大(da)阅,是(shi)各教(jiao)(jiao)民以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一也(ye)。
辨鼓铎镯铙之用:王执路鼓,诸侯执贲鼓,军将执晋鼓,师帅执提,旅帅执鼙,卒长执铙,两司马执铎,公司马执镯。(《鼓人职》曰:“以路鼓鼓鬼享,以贲鼓鼓军事,以晋鼓鼓金奏,以金铙止鼓,以金铎通鼓,以金镯节鼓。”郑司农云:“辨鼓铎镯铙之用,谓钲铎之属。镯读如浊其源之浊。铙读如ん哓之哓。提读加摄提之提,谓马上鼓,有曲木提持鼓立马髦上者,故谓之提。”杜子春云:“公司马,谓五人为伍,伍之司马也。”玄谓王不执贲鼓,尚之於诸侯也。伍长谓之公司马者,虽卑同其号。
○辨,如字(zi),刘方免反(fan)。铎,直各(ge)反(fan)。镯,直角反(fan)。铙,女交反(fan)。贲,扶云反(fan)。将(jiang)军(jun),如字(zi),本(ben)或作军(jun)将(jiang)。提(ti),徒兮反(fan)。鼙,薄(bo)兮反(fan)。钲,音征。ん,火官反(fan)。哓,女交反(fan)。摄提(ti),《尔雅(ya)》云:“大岁在寅曰(yue)摄提(ti)格(ge)。”)
[疏]“辨鼓”至“执镯”
○释曰:此春夏秋三时各教其一,必春辨鼓铎者,鼓雷之类,象仲春雷发声於外。言“辨鼓铎镯铙之用”者,此句与下文为总目也。
○注“鼓人”至“其号”
○释曰:郑引《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)职》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)有(you)六鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)四金(jin),据本(ben)(ben)各依(yi)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。今(jin)此(ci)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),或(huo)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)本(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)唯贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)事是(shi)依(yi)本(ben)(ben)。王执路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、军(jun)将(jiang)执晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)等并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)本(ben)(ben)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),而在军(jun)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)“辨(bian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)铎镯(zhuo)铙(nao)(nao)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),谓(wei)钲铎之(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun):“十人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)执钲,百(bai)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)执铎,千(qian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)执鼙,万人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)执大(da)(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)。”义与(yu)此(ci)同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)证也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“镯(zhuo)读如(ru)浊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)浊”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)读取音同之(zhi)(zhi)义。浊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《淮南(nan)子》云(yun)(yun)“浊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)读从之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“铙(nao)(nao)读如(ru)ん哓(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)哓(xiao)(xiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从《毛诗》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)谨ん哓(xiao)(xiao)”。云(yun)(yun)“提(ti)读如(ru)摄(she)(she)提(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)“寅为(wei)(wei)摄(she)(she)提(ti)格”,取音同而已。云(yun)(yun)“提(ti)谓(wei)马(ma)上(shang)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)先郑盖据当(dang)时已有(you)单骑,举以(yi)况周。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实周时皆(jie)乘(cheng)车,无轻骑法(fa)也(ye)。後郑云(yun)(yun)“王不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)执贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),尚之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)职》,贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)事,注王在军(jun)自为(wei)(wei)元帅,自合执贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu);今(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)执贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)因(yin)朝(chao)而来,与(yu)王为(wei)(wei)宾客(ke),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)让之(zhi)(zhi)使执贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)尚之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)。王既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)贲(bi)(bi)(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)而用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雷鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、灵鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)祭天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)祭宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。军(jun)将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)金(jin)奏(zou)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)应故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),役事之(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。云(yun)(yun)“伍长(zhang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)公司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虽(sui)卑同其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)号(hao)(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)乃与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)官同号(hao)(hao),宰夫(fu)已下,并(bing)上(shang)士(shi)、中士(shi)、下士(shi),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)官同号(hao)(hao)。今(jin)於(wu)《序官》大(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)下,上(shang)士(shi)得(de)号(hao)(hao)行司(si)(si)(si)马(ma),及在军(jun)二十五人(ren)长(zhang)中士(shi)号(hao)(hao)两司(si)(si)(si)马(ma),五人(ren)长(zhang)下士(shi)号(hao)(hao)公司(si)(si)(si)马(ma),皆(jie)与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)官同号(hao)(hao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)主(zhu)军(jun),军(jun)事主(zhu)严,虽(sui)卑得(de)同号(hao)(hao)也(ye)。
以教坐作进退疾徐疏数之节,(习战法。
○疏(shu)(shu)数,音(yin)朔,下注疏(shu)(shu)数同。)
[疏]“以教”至“之节”
○释曰(yue):按(an)下(xia)大(da)阅(yue)(yue)礼备军法,虞(yu)人莱(lai)所田之(zhi)(zhi)野,下(xia)又云(yun)“中军以举令鼓(gu),鼓(gu)人皆三(san)鼓(gu)”,已(yi)下(xia)有此坐作进退(tui)疾(ji)徐(xu)疏数之(zhi)(zhi)节。彼大(da)阅(yue)(yue)具(ju)言,於此略说有此坐作之(zhi)(zhi)法。此於教(jiao)战之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)为之(zhi)(zhi),故郑云(yun)“习(xi)战法”也。
遂以田,有司表貉,誓民,鼓,遂围禁,火弊,献禽以祭社。(春田为。有司,大司徒也,掌大田役治徒庶之政令。表貉,立表而貉祭也。誓民,誓以犯田法之罚也。誓曰:“无干车,无自後射,立旌遂围禁,旌弊争禽而不审者,罚以假马。”禁者,虞衡守禽之厉禁也。既誓,令鼓而围之,遂田。火弊,火止也。春田主用火,因焚莱除陈草,皆杀而火止。献犹致也,属也。田止,虞人植旌,众皆献其所获禽焉。《诗》云:“言私其<豕从>,献肩于公。”春田主祭社者,土方施生也。郑司农云:“貉读为。谓师祭也。书亦或为。
○貉,莫驾反(fan)(fan),注同。弊,婢世反(fan)(fan),刘薄计反(fan)(fan)。射,食亦反(fan)(fan),下“王射”同。<豕(shi)从(cong)>,子工反(fan)(fan)。肩,《诗(shi)》作<豕(shi)开(kai)>,音同。施,式豉反(fan)(fan)。,莫驾反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“遂以”至“祭社”
○释曰:按下大阅礼“遂以狩田”以下云“以旌为左右和之门,群吏各帅其车徒以叙和出,左右陈车徒,有司平之”,“既陈,乃设驱逆之车,有司表貉于陈前”。此亦当如彼,但春非大备,故亦略言也。言“誓民”者,即下大阅礼“群吏听誓於阵前”,郑引《月令》“司徒北面誓之”是也。云“鼓”者,即下文“中军以な令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓”已下是也。云“遂围禁”者,既誓,令鼓而围之。云“火弊”者,谓田止也。云“献禽以祭社”者,此因田猎而祭,非《月令》仲春祭社也。
○注“春田”至“为”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)田(tian)为”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),,搜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),春(chun)时(shi)鸟兽孚乳,搜择取不孕任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)为名。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“有司(si),大(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《大(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)田(tian)役治其(qi)徒(tu)庶(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政令(ling)”,故(gu)(gu)知有司(si)是大(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“表貉,立(li)表而(er)貉祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此即(ji)《诗》及《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“师祭(ji)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓(shi)(shi)民,誓(shi)(shi)以(yi)犯田(tian)法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),当司(si)徒(tu)北面誓(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),小子斩牲,以(yi)左右巡(xun)陈也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓(shi)(shi)曰(yue)无(wu)(wu)(wu)干车(che)(che)无(wu)(wu)(wu)自(zi)後(hou)射”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此据(ju)《汉田(tian)律(lv)》而(er)言。无(wu)(wu)(wu)干车(che)(che),谓无(wu)(wu)(wu)干犯他车(che)(che)。无(wu)(wu)(wu)自(zi)後(hou)射,象战陈不逐奔走。又一(yi)解云(yun)(yun)(yun):“前(qian)人已射中禽,後(hou)人不得复射。”彼又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)面伤(shang)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,象降者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不逆击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“立(li)旌(jing)(jing)遂围禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),旌(jing)(jing),则(ze)下(xia)文(wen)大(da)(da)阅礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“旗居卒间(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“旌(jing)(jing)弊”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),弊,仆也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),田(tian)止旌(jing)(jing)则(ze)仆。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“争禽而(er)不审者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),罚以(yi)假(jia)马(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓获禽所(suo)算(suan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筹。罚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓效功时(shi)争禽不审,即(ji)罚去其(qi)筹。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虞(yu)衡守禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厉(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《山(shan)虞(yu)》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)“使地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,守其(qi)厉(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”,谓遮厉(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),不得非(fei)时(shi)入也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,按(an)《地官·川衡》,小田(tian)猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo),无(wu)(wu)(wu)厉(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。言“衡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),川林或有与(yu)山(shan)泽(ze)连(lian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)亦有厉(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)连(lian)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
中夏,教茇舍,如振旅之陈。群吏撰车徒,读书契,辨号名之用。帅以门名,县鄙各以其名,家以号名,乡以州名,野以邑名,百官各象其事,以辨军之夜事。其他皆如振旅。(茇读如莱沛之沛。茇舍,草止之也。军有草止之法。撰读曰算。算车徒,谓数择之也。读书契,以簿书校录军实之凡要。号名者,徽识所以相别也。乡遂之属谓之名,家之属谓之号,百官之属谓之事。在国以表朝位,在军又象其制而为之,被之以备死事。帅,谓军将及师帅、旅帅至伍长也。以门名者,所被徽识如其在门所树者也。凡此言以也、象也,皆谓其制同耳。军将皆命卿。古者军将,盖为营治於国门,鲁有东门襄仲,宋有桐门右师,皆上卿为军将者也。县鄙,谓县正、鄙师至邻长也。家,谓食采地者之臣也。乡以州名,亦谓州长至此长也。野,谓公邑大夫。百官,以其职从王者。此六者皆书其官与名氏焉。门则襄仲、右师明矣。乡则南乡<垂瓦>、东乡为人是也。其他象此,云某某之名,某某之号,某某之事而已,未尽闻也。乡遂大夫,文错不见,以其素信于民,不为军将,或为诸帅,是以阙焉。夜事,戒夜守之事。草止者慎於夜,於是主别其部职。
○茇,蒲末(mo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。撰,息转(zhuan)反(fan)(fan)(fan),又仕转(zhuan)反(fan)(fan)(fan),注音算,息缓反(fan)(fan)(fan)。沛(pei),步未反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音具,又普具反(fan)(fan)(fan)。数,色(se)主反(fan)(fan)(fan)。簿,步古反(fan)(fan)(fan),後“簿书”皆放此。识,音志(zhi),一(yi)音试,下(xia)同。朝位(wei),直遥反(fan)(fan)(fan)。被,皮伪反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。治,直吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)。比,毗志(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。<垂(chui)瓦>,直伪反(fan)(fan)(fan)。见(jian),贤遍反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“中夏”至“振旅”
○释曰:如“振旅之陈”者,四时各教其一。故春教振旅,夏教茇舍,但设经不可文文具设,故云如振旅之陈,皆转相如也。云“群吏撰车徒”者,群吏,谓军将至伍长,各有部分,皆选择其在车甲士三人,步徒七十二人之等。云“读书契”者,书契,谓兵士簿书之要契,此《小宰》之八成云“师田以简稽”,一也。云“辨号名”者,此“帅以门名”已下是也。
○注“茇读”至“部职”
○释(shi)曰:“茇读如(ru)莱(lai)(lai)沛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沛”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居(ju)民(min)山(shan)川沮泽”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“沮谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)莱(lai)(lai)沛”。时俗有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)水草(cao)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莱(lai)(lai)沛,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)读从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“茇舍草(cao)止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)草(cao)释(shi)茇,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止(zhi)释(shi)舍,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)草(cao)止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“数(shu)择之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解撰为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu)择,取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凡要”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三种(zhong):或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)俘(fu)囚为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi),或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戈(ge)盾弓矢(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi),或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禽牲为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi)。今(jin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据兵器为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)实(shi)。凡要,即(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“号(hao)(hao)(hao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)徽(hui)识”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)上(shang)注“三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)旌旗(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)缀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)膊上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),即(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),从(cong)(cong)(cong)县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邻(lin)(lin)里,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),从(cong)(cong)(cong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,从(cong)(cong)(cong)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)(cong)(cong)王(wang)朝(chao)六(liu)(liu)(liu)卿已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士。野(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),郑虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan),亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沟洫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,出军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出贡又(you)等,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)亦(yi)入名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)据经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)朝(chao)位(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《觐(jin)礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)介各(ge)(ge)奉其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)置于宫”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、象(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)同耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“野(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”已上(shang),五(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),惟(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)象(xiang)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、象(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)”虽异,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)同,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)小旌旗(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)命卿”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲解帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),止(zhi)由(you)卿居(ju)於(wu)国(guo)(guo)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)盖(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)营治於(wu)国(guo)(guo)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)解军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),只由(you)非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急,要在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)於(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使卿在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)住而(er)营治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)东(dong)(dong)(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)襄(xiang)仲”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)昭(zhao)三十(shi)二(er)(er)年《左传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“鲁(lu)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨,而(er)东(dong)(dong)(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)遂(sui)(sui)杀立庶,鲁(lu)君於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎失国(guo)(guo)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)遂(sui)(sui),字(zi)(zi)襄(xiang)仲,号(hao)(hao)(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)东(dong)(dong)(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),只由(you)居(ju)东(dong)(dong)(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。宋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右师(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)春秋《左氏传》:“昭(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年春,叔(shu)孙聘於(wu)宋,桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右师(shi)(shi)(shi)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“右师(shi)(shi)(shi),宋师(shi)(shi)(shi)乐大(da)(da)(da)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室居(ju)桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右师(shi)(shi)(shi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右师(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证将(jiang)帅得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi)”,郑知(zhi)邻(lin)(lin)长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,从(cong)(cong)(cong)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邻(lin)(lin)长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。今(jin)略(lve)言(yan)(yan)(yan)县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi),明(ming)(ming)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)采地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),食(shi)采地(di),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)朝(chao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采地(di),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)山(shan)弗扰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。今(jin)随王(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)号(hao)(hao)(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)长(zhang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)如(ru)六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)。自乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),今(jin)略(lve)举(ju)(ju)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野(ye),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四等公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)《载师(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi),自甸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里、三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里如(ru)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)长(zhang),四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里、五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里如(ru)县(xian)(xian)正,长(zhang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)属(shu)(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),各(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)事(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)王(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)宰下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)从(cong)(cong)(cong)王(wang),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)(yu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)氏焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)象(xiang)。假令为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan),则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)姓名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)则(ze)(ze)襄(xiang)仲、右师(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),怨(yuan)直以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)(bu)加官(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)(yu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字(zi)(zi)。诸官(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)须(xu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)氏,明(ming)(ming)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)(yu)氏名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)则(ze)(ze)南乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)<垂瓦(wa)(wa)>、东(dong)(dong)(dong)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),<垂瓦(wa)(wa)>与(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)当(dang)(dang)(dang)时乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)举(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)况。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他象(xiang)此(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑略(lve)举(ju)(ju)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)、野(ye)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan),亦(yi)依此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)称焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi)、乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、野(ye)四者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),当(dang)(dang)(dang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)桐(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右师(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)姓某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)放此(ci)(ci)(ci)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费(fei)邑(yi),即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)费(fei)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)姓某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)各(ge)(ge)象(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)地(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)姓某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未尽闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)来所释(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),略(lve)闻帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),举(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)况,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀未闻,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未尽闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)文错(cuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)县(xian)(xian)鄙(bi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)遂(sui)(sui)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),虽见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文交错(cuo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)文错(cuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)素(su)信於(wu)民(min)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兵书(shu)《孙子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“素(su)信者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)众(zhong)相(xiang)得(de)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。旧素(su)与(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)相(xiang)信者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)情义(yi)相(xiang)得(de),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),还使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),或为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸帅,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阙(que)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《管子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因内政(zheng)寄(ji)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)令”,则(ze)(ze)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)、邻(lin)(lin)长(zhang),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)因为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)领(ling)本民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang),或别使人为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),则(ze)(ze)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)别领(ling)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)师(shi)(shi)(shi)帅、旅帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)帅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)阙(que)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)别使人为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《外(wai)传》穆叔(shu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)作(zuo)师(shi)(shi)(shi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)帅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)征不(bu)(bu)(bu)德”,《诗》曰“周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)东(dong)(dong)(dong)征,四国(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遑”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)并上(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)乃诸侯世子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)。田猎(lie)亦(yi)容(rong)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci),於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)时乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸师(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,按(an)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi)(shi)都载旃,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)载物(wu)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)或载旃,或载物(wu),众(zhong)属(shu)(shu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),无所将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)全无武用,则(ze)(ze)诸帅亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)属(shu)(shu)他军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),己身(shen)全无所将(jiang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或载旃,或载物(wu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)载旗(qi)(qi),义(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)违(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主别其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)部(bu)职(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夜事(shi)(shi),分别其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)(dang)(dang)部(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)职(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)交杂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
遂以苗田,如之法,车弊献禽以享礻勺。(夏田为苗。择取不孕任者,若治苗去不秀实者云。车弊,驱兽之车止也。夏田主用车,示所取物希,皆杀而车止。《王制》曰:“天子杀则下大绥,诸侯杀则下小绥,大夫杀则止佐车,佐车止则百姓田猎。”礻勺,宗庙之夏祭也。冬夏田主于祭宗庙者,阴阳始起,象神之在内。
○礻勺,馀若反(fan)(fan)。孕,羊(yang)证反(fan)(fan)。去(qu),起吕反(fan)(fan)。绥,而谁反(fan)(fan),下同。)
[疏]“遂以”至“享礻勺”
○释曰:在教战之处辨号名既讫,遂入防,行苗田之法。云“如之法”者,如上时有司表貉、誓民、令鼓、遂围禁之等。云“车弊”及“以享礻勺”,二者则与春异,以其春时火弊祭社,此时车弊享礻勺也。
○注“夏田”至“在内”
○释曰:以(yi)其(qi)春夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)阳,主其(qi)生长,故春田为(wei)(wei),搜(sou)取(qu)(qu)不(bu)孕(yun)任(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)。夏(xia)田为(wei)(wei)苗,若(ruo)治苗去不(bu)秀实者(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)义,但春时(shi)主孚乳,故以(yi)不(bu)孕(yun)任(ren)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“车(che)弊,驱(qu)(qu)兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)止(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)。“夏(xia)田主用(yong)车(che)示所(suo)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)希”者(zhe)(zhe),《春秋左(zuo)氏传》云(yun):“彼徒我车(che),惧(ju)其(qi)侵(qin)轶我也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是车(che)行迟,取(qu)(qu)兽(shou)少,故知用(yong)车(che)示取(qu)(qu)物(wu)希也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《王制(zhi)》曰“天子杀(sha)则下大绥(sui)(sui)”已(yi)下,据(ju)杀(sha)讫而(er)言(yan),《毛诗传》云(yun)“天子发(fa)抗大绥(sui)(sui),诸侯发(fa)抗小绥(sui)(sui)”者(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)始(shi)杀(sha)而(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“大夫杀(sha)则止(zhi)佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che)”,《王制(zhi)》注(zhu)“佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che),驱(qu)(qu)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)”。按《田仆(pu)(pu)》云(yun):“掌(zhang)佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng),驱(qu)(qu)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)。”佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che)似与驱(qu)(qu)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)别者(zhe)(zhe),但《王制(zhi)》佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che)与《田仆(pu)(pu)》驱(qu)(qu)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)为(wei)(wei)一(yi),其(qi)《田仆(pu)(pu)》佐(zuo)(zuo)车(che)自是田车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰曰佐(zuo)(zuo),佐(zuo)(zuo)文(wen)虽同,其(qi)义则异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,驱(qu)(qu)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)言(yan)佐(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe),能逐禽(qin),故以(yi)佐(zuo)(zuo)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“礻勺(shao),宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)祭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《大宗(zong)伯》文(wen)。云(yun)“冬(dong)夏(xia)田主於祭宗(zong)庙,阴(yin)阳始(shi)起,象神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在内(nei)”者(zhe)(zhe),仲冬(dong)一(yi)阳生,仲夏(xia)一(yi)阴(yin)生,是阴(yin)阳在内(nei),故神象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)行祭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此祭因田猎(lie)献禽(qin)为(wei)(wei)祭,若(ruo)正祭自在孟月。
中秋(qiu),教治兵,如(ru)振(zhen)旅(lv)之陈。
[疏]“中秋”至“之陈”
○释曰:言“教治兵”者,凡兵,出曰治兵,入曰振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)。春以入兵为名,尚(shang)农(nong)事(shi)。秋(qiu)以出兵为名,秋(qiu)严尚(shang)威故(gu)也。云“如(ru)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)之(zhi)陈”者,如(ru)春振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)时坐作、进(jin)退、疾徐、疏数之(zhi)法也。
辨旗物之用:王载大常,诸侯载,军吏载旗,师都载旃,乡遂载物,郊野载,百官载,各书其事与其号焉。其他皆如振旅。(军吏,诸军帅也。师都,遂大夫也。乡遂,乡大夫也。或载旃,或载物,众属军吏,无所将也。郊,谓乡遂之州长、县正以下也。野,谓公邑大夫。载者,以其将羡卒也。百官,卿大夫也。载者,以其属卫王也。凡旌旗,有军众者画异物,无者帛而已。书当为画,事也,号也,皆画以云气。
○书,音画(hua),出注。气,本或(huo)作乞,同。)
[疏]“辨旗”至“振旅”
○释曰:按下文注,以出军之旗则如秋,则此经是在军旌旗也。云“各书其事与其号焉”者,此二者即是仲夏百官各象其事及号名之等,此秋虽不具辨号名,以略举之,见四时皆有此物也。云“其他皆如振旅”者,亦谓坐作、进退、疾徐之法如振旅之陈也。
○注“军吏”至“云气”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),诸(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)帅也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦谓(wei)从军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)至(zhi)下(xia)伍(wu)长皆(jie)是(shi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师都(dou),遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《司常(chang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“孤卿(qing)建(jian)(jian)旃,大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士建(jian)(jian)物(wu)。”则乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)是(shi)卿(qing),建(jian)(jian)旃是(shi)其(qi)(qi)常(chang)。师都(dou)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃,不嫌无(wu)(wu)(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),故(gu)郑(zheng)直举遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)是(shi)中大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),建(jian)(jian)物(wu)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)常(chang)。今(jin)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)建(jian)(jian)物(wu),不嫌无(wu)(wu)(wu)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),故(gu)郑(zheng)直举乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃,或(huo)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu),众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)属(shu)(shu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),无(wu)(wu)(wu)所将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)若为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),则在军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)中,领众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)来时(shi)亦载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)。今(jin)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)不载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旗(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)知己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所管之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)属(shu)(shu)他军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),己无(wu)(wu)(wu)所将(jiang)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)已无(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)用,非直不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),亦不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)帅,故(gu)全(quan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所将(jiang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)而(er)已。若然(ran),既不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)上得(de)与卿(qing)同(tong)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)则是(shi)卿(qing),下(xia)得(de)与大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)同(tong)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)掌(zhang)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同(tong),故(gu)同(tong)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)。俱两载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),又不任乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)职(zhi),卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang),当(dang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)而(er)已,故(gu)容(rong)其(qi)(qi)两载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)谓(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)长、县正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郊(jiao)(jiao)内有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),州(zhou)长已下(xia)。郊(jiao)(jiao)外有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui),县正(zheng)已下(xia)。故(gu)知言郊(jiao)(jiao)有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)二等人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野(ye)谓(wei)公邑(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)师职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“公邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田任甸地。”郊(jiao)(jiao)外曰(yue)甸,甸则郊(jiao)(jiao)外曰(yue)野(ye),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)野(ye)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)公邑(yi)(yi)(yi)自甸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)至(zhi)︹五百(bai)(bai)里(li),有(you)(you)(you)四等公邑(yi)(yi)(yi),皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《司马法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“二百(bai)(bai)里(li)如(ru)州(zhou)长,四百(bai)(bai)里(li)、五百(bai)(bai)里(li)如(ru)县正(zheng)。”是(shi)公邑(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,上剂致民,一(yi)家一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),其(qi)(qi)馀皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,下(xia)剂致民,家一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),其(qi)(qi)馀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀夫(fu)。正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)既属(shu)(shu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),其(qi)(qi)馀羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),使(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)州(zhou)长已下(xia)等不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)领之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)公邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,虽(sui)不见(jian)有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,若出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),亦当(dang)与乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)同(tong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沟洫法故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。若出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),亦正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)等为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li),其(qi)(qi)馀羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),亦使(shi)(shi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)领之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)官,卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye),载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)属(shu)(shu)卫(wei)王也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)天地四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),其(qi)(qi)属(shu)(shu)各六(liu)(liu)(liu)十,有(you)(you)(you)选当(dang)行卫(wei)守王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鸟(niao)隼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡旌(jing)旗(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)(you)(you)军(jun)(jun)(jun)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)画(hua)异物(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)经天子、诸(zhu)侯、军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)、郊(jiao)(jiao)野(ye)、百(bai)(bai)官是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),帛(bo)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旃物(wu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)画(hua),事也(ye)(ye),号也(ye)(ye),皆(jie)画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),事,即(ji)上百(bai)(bai)官言事;号,即(ji)上家言号。不言名(ming),此(ci)(ci)亦有(you)(you)(you)名(ming),文略耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)解(jie)经典言画(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)画(hua)五色云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)。
遂以田,如田之法,罗弊致禽以祀礻方。(秋田为。,杀也。罗弊,罔止也。秋田主用罔,中杀者多也。皆杀而罔止。礻方当为方,声之误也。秋田主祭四方,报成万物,《诗》曰“以社以方”。
○,息浅反(fan)。礻方(fang),音方(fang)。出注。皆杀,如字,刘(liu)色界反(fan)。)
[疏]“遂以”至“祀礻方”
○释曰:上文教载旗旃物讫,遂入防行田之礼,其法如田之法。云“罗弊致禽以祀礻方”者,秋田主用罗。罗止田毕,入国过郊之神位,乃致禽以祀四方之神。
○注“秋田”至“以方”
○释曰:云(yun)“礻(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)当为方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),声之(zhi)误也”者,以礻(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)乃(nai)(nai)是庙门之(zhi)外内,惟因(yin)祭(ji)(ji)宗庙及明日绎(yi)祭(ji)(ji),乃(nai)(nai)为礻(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)祭(ji)(ji)。今既因(yin)秋(qiu)田而(er)祭(ji)(ji),当是祭(ji)(ji)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)神,故云(yun)误也。云(yun)“秋(qiu)田主祭(ji)(ji)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),报(bao)成万(wan)物(wu)”者,以秋(qiu)物(wu)成,四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)神之(zhi)功,故报(bao)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)。云(yun)“《诗》曰‘以社以方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)’”者,《诗·大(da)雅》。引(yin)之(zhi),证方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)神也。
中冬,教大阅:(春辨鼓铎,夏辨号名,秋辨旗物,至冬大阅,简军实。凡颁旗物,以出军之旗则如秋,以尊卑之常则如冬,司常左司马时也。大阅备军礼,而旌旗不如出军之时,空辟实。
○阅,音悦。辟,音避。)
[疏]“中冬教大阅”
○释曰:以冬时农隙,故大简阅军实之凡要也。
○注“春辨”至“辟实”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“春(chun)辨鼓铎(duo)”已下,欲见春(chun)夏(xia)秋(qiu)各教其一,至冬(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)总教之(zhi)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“至冬(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)军(jun)(jun)实(shi)”。云(yun)(yun)“凡颁(ban)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物,以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)则如秋(qiu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊卑(bei)之(zhi)常(chang)(chang)则如冬(dong)(dong),司(si)(si)常(chang)(chang)佐司(si)(si)马(ma)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其王(wang)(wang)与(yu)诸侯(hou)所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)同(tong),又秋(qiu)云(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)吏建(jian)(jian)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),师(shi)都载(zai)(zai)旃,乡遂载(zai)(zai)物,郊野载(zai)(zai),百官载(zai)(zai)”,不言(yan)┸、旌二(er)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其是(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)法,故(gu)不言(yan)道车游车所(suo)(suo)载(zai)(zai)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi),见尊卑(bei)之(zhi)常(chang)(chang),故(gu)《司(si)(si)常(chang)(chang)》云(yun)(yun):“孤卿建(jian)(jian)旃,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫士(shi)建(jian)(jian)物,师(shi)都建(jian)(jian)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),州(zhou)里建(jian)(jian),县鄙(bi)建(jian)(jian),道车载(zai)(zai)┸,游车载(zai)(zai)旌。”此为(wei)异(yi)也(ye)。郑云(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)备军(jun)(jun)礼,而旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不如出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi),空辟(pi)(pi)实(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)虽(sui)备礼,是(shi)教战(zhan),非实(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)法,是(shi)其空也(ye)。秋(qiu)教治兵(bing)(bing),治兵(bing)(bing)是(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)法,故(gu)寄出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)於(wu)彼。是(shi)冬(dong)(dong)之(zhi)空辟(pi)(pi)实(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)法者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。赵商(shang)问:“《巾车职》‘建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麾(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)’,注‘田(tian)(tian),四时(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)猎’。商(shang)按《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)马(ma)》职,四时(shi)(shi)(shi)皆建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)何?”郑答曰(yue):“麾(hui),夏(xia)之(zhi)正(zheng)色(se)。田(tian)(tian)虽(sui)习战(zhan),春(chun)夏(xia)尚(shang)生,其时(shi)(shi)(shi)宜入兵(bing)(bing),夏(xia)本不以(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)(bing)得天下,故(gu)建(jian)(jian)其正(zheng)色(se)以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)夏(xia)田(tian)(tian)。至秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi),乃建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)。”赵商(shang)又问:“《巾车职》曰(yue)‘建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎(rong)’,注云(yun)(yun)‘谓兵(bing)(bing)事’。《司(si)(si)马(ma)职》‘仲秋(qiu)辨其物以(yi)(yi)(yi)治兵(bing)(bing),王(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)’,注‘凡颁(ban)物,以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)则如秋(qiu)’。不知大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎(rong)为(wei)何时(shi)(shi)(shi)?”答曰(yue):“白(bai)者(zhe)(zhe),殷之(zhi)正(zheng)色(se)。王(wang)(wang)即戌(xu)者(zhe)(zhe),或命(ming)将,或劳(lao)师(shi),不自亲将,故(gu)建(jian)(jian)先王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)正(zheng)色(se),异(yi)於(wu)亲自将也(ye)。”
前(qian)期,群(qun)(qun)吏戒众庶(shu)战法。(群(qun)(qun)吏,乡(xiang)师以下。)
[疏]注“群吏乡师以下”
○释曰:言“前(qian)(qian)期”者(zhe),谓若《大(da)宰(zai)职(zhi)》云“前(qian)(qian)期十日(ri)”。此亦在教(jiao)战前(qian)(qian),不必要十日(ri)前(qian)(qian)也。知(zhi)“群吏,乡(xiang)师(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)”者(zhe),见(jian)《乡(xiang)师(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》云:“凡四(si)时之田(tian),前(qian)(qian)期,出田(tian)法(fa)于州里,简(jian)其(qi)鼓铎、旗物(wu)、兵(bing)器,其(qi)卒(zu)伍。”是其(qi)事(shi)(shi)也。言“乡(xiang)师(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不及乡(xiang),乡(xiang)是乡(xiang)大(da)夫,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)卿也,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)可及州长,故(gu)《州长职(zhi)》云:“若国作(zuo)民(min)而师(shi)(shi)田(tian)行(xing)役之事(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)帅(shuai)(shuai)而致之,掌(zhang)其(qi)戒令与其(qi)赏罚。”《党(dang)正》云:“凡作(zuo)民(min)而师(shi)(shi)田(tian)行(xing)役,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)法(fa)治其(qi)政(zheng)事(shi)(shi)。”《族师(shi)(shi)》亦云:“若作(zuo)民(min)而师(shi)(shi)田(tian)行(xing)役,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)合其(qi)卒(zu)伍,简(jian)其(qi)兵(bing)器,以(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓铎旗物(wu)帅(shuai)(shuai)而至(zhi)。”是其(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)之事(shi)(shi)也。
虞人莱所田之野,为表,百步则一,为三表,又五十步为一表。田之日,司马建旗于後表之中,群吏以旗物鼓铎镯铙,各帅其民而致。质明弊旗,诛後至者。乃陈车徒如战之陈,皆坐。(郑司农云:“虞人莱所田之野,芟除其草莱,令车得驱驰。”《诗》曰:“田卒污莱。”玄谓莱,芟除可陈之处。後表之中五十步,表之中央。表,所以识正行列也。四表积二百五十步。左右之广当容三军,步数未闻。致,致之司马。质,正也。弊,仆也。皆坐,当听誓。
○芟,所衔反。令(ling),力呈反,下“令(ling)走”同。卒,子(zi)律反。污,音(yin)乌。行,户刚反,下“行列”、“行陈”皆同。仆,音(yin)赴(fu)。)
[疏]“虞人”至“皆坐”
○释曰:虞人者,若田在泽,泽虞。若田在山,山虞。谓使其地之民,於可陈之处,芟除草莱。故云:“莱所田之野。”云“为表,百步则一,为三表”者,按下注引《月令》“司徒北面以誓之”,此经云“司马建旗於後表之中,车徒皆坐”,则此於可陈之中,从南头立表,以北头为後表也。
○注“郑司”至“听誓”
○释曰(yue):先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虞(yu)人莱(lai)所(suo)田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野,芟(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)其(qi)草(cao)莱(lai),令车(che)得(de)驱(qu)驰(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓芟(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)其(qi)田猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)令车(che)得(de)驱(qu)驰(chi)。引《诗》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证田处(chu)草(cao)莱(lai)。按《王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“昆虫(chong)未蛰,不以(yi)(yi)火田。”则仲冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,放火田猎(lie),何(he)须芟(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)草(cao)莱(lai)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《车(che)攻》诗毛传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大艾草(cao)以(yi)(yi)为防(fang),然(ran)後焚而(er)射焉”。是(shi)(shi)田处(chu)不得(de)芟(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)莱(lai),故後郑(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)为芟(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)可陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中五(wu)十(shi)步(bu)(bu),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中央”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓从南表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)至(zhi)北表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)识(shi)正(zheng)行(xing)列也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),於可陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中央立此(ci)四(si)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)两相(xiang)各(ge)有(you)三军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong),至(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)则间一(yi)而(er)坐,坐而(er)更起,是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)正(zheng)行(xing)列也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“积二(er)(er)百五(wu)十(shi)步(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)三表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)二(er)(er)百步(bu)(bu),又加一(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)五(wu)十(shi)步(bu)(bu),故总为二(er)(er)百五(wu)十(shi)步(bu)(bu)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广当(dang)容三军(jun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子六军(jun),左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地各(ge)容三军(jun),此(ci)郑(zheng)据天子六军(jun)整数而(er)言。其(qi)实(shi)兼羡卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),故《小司徒职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)起徒役,无过家一(yi)人,惟田与追胥(xu)竭作。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)人尽(jin)行(xing)”,是(shi)(shi)非止(zhi)六乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民六军(jun)而(er)已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“步(bu)(bu)数未闻(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但先(xian)南北二(er)(er)百五(wu)十(shi)步(bu)(bu),东西不言步(bu)(bu)数,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻(wen)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆坐,当(dang)听(ting)誓(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“听(ting)誓(shi)(shi)於陈(chen)前”,故先(xian)当(dang)听(ting)誓(shi)(shi)也。
群吏听誓于陈前,斩牲以左右徇陈,曰:“不用命者斩之。”(群吏,诸军帅也。陈前,南面乡表也。《月令》:“季秋,天子教于田猎,以习五戎,司徒扑,北面以誓之。”此大阅礼实正岁之中冬,而说季秋之政,於周为中冬,为《月令》者失之矣。斩牲者,小子也。凡誓之大略,《甘誓》、《汤誓》之属是也。
○乡,许(xu)亮(liang)反。,刘如字,又音(yin)箭(jian),一音(yin)初洽(qia)反。扑,普卜反。甘,如字,刘胡甘反。)
[疏]“群吏”至“斩之”
○释曰:云“群吏听誓於陈前”者,士卒皆於後表北面坐,群吏诸军帅皆在士卒前南面立,以听誓。云“斩牲以左右徇陈”者,从表左右向外以徇陈。
○注“群吏”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云“群吏,诸军(jun)(jun)帅(shuai)”者(zhe)(zhe),从军(jun)(jun)将以至(zhi)伍长,谓象军(jun)(jun)吏建旗者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。引《月令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe),证所誓(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)。使司(si)徒(tu)(tu)誓(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),此军(jun)(jun)吏及士(shi),本是(shi)六乡之(zhi)民(min),今虽(sui)属司(si)马(ma),犹(you)是(shi)己之(zhi)民(min)众(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)使司(si)徒(tu)(tu)誓(shi)(shi)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云“此大(da)阅礼(li)实正(zheng)岁之(zhi)中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)虽(sui)建子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),及其行事,皆用夏之(zhi)正(zheng)岁,则此经中(zhong)夏、中(zhong)春、中(zhong)秋、中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)皆据夏法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。云“而说季(ji)秋之(zhi)政,於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《月令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)失之(zhi)矣”,吕(lv)不韦作(zuo)《月令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe),以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此经中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)之(zhi)中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong),当夏之(zhi)季(ji)秋,故(gu)说於(wu)(wu)季(ji)秋,是(shi)失之(zhi)矣。按《月令(ling)》季(ji)秋云“是(shi)月也(ye)(ye),天子(zi)乃(nai)教(jiao)於(wu)(wu)田(tian)猎,以习五戎,班马(ma)政”云云,注引“中(zhong)秋教(jiao)治(zhi)兵(bing)法(fa)(fa),王载(zai)大(da)常”已(yi)下为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证,不云失。至(zhi)此乃(nai)以《月令(ling)》是(shi)中(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)教(jiao)大(da)阅法(fa)(fa),而言为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《月令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)先。郑君(jun)两(liang)解之(zhi),以其彼(bi)(bi)云司(si)徒(tu)(tu)誓(shi)(shi)众(zhong)(zhong),与此誓(shi)(shi)众(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)等(deng)同(tong),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)阅。彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)兵(bing)法(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),以彼(bi)(bi)文(wen)授车以等(deng)级,乃(nai)命主祠祭于(yu)四方(fang),又与中(zhong)秋治(zhi)兵(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)同(tong),故(gu)彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)兵(bing)法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。云“斩牲(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),《小子(zi)职(zhi)》云“凡(fan)师(shi)田(tian),斩牲(sheng)以左右徇陈(chen)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云“凡(fan)誓(shi)(shi)之(zhi)大(da)略(lve),《甘(gan)(gan)誓(shi)(shi)》、《汤(tang)誓(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《甘(gan)(gan)誓(shi)(shi)》是(shi)启与有扈战,《汤(tang)誓(shi)(shi)》是(shi)汤(tang)伐(fa)桀(jie)誓(shi)(shi)众(zhong)(zhong)辞,言“之(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe),仍有《大(da)誓(shi)(shi)》、《费誓(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)等(deng),故(gu)云之(zhi)属。
中军以鼙令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓,司马振铎,群吏作旗,车徒皆作;鼓行,鸣镯,车徒皆行,及表乃止;三鼓,扌鹿铎,群吏弊旗,车徒皆坐。(中军,中军之将也。天子六军,三三而居一偏。群吏既听誓,各复其部曲。中军之将令鼓,鼓以作其士众之气也。鼓人者,中军之将、师帅、旅帅也。司马,两司马也。振铎以作众。作,起也。既起,鼓人击鼓以行之,伍长鸣镯以节之。伍长一曰公司马。及表,自後表前至第二表也。三鼓者,鼓人也。郑司农云:“扌鹿读如弄。”玄谓如涿鹿之鹿。掩上振之为扌鹿。扌鹿者,止行息气也。《司马法》曰:“鼓声不过阊,鼙声不过,铎声不过琅。”
○扌鹿,音鹿,李扶表反(fan)。铎,待(dai)洛反(fan)。涿,丁(ding)角反(fan),沈音浊,刘(liu)音独。阊,吐刚反(fan)。,吐猎(lie)反(fan),刘(liu)汤答反(fan)。琅,音郎。)
[疏]“中军”至“皆坐”
○释曰:此经总说听誓既已,将欲向南第二表,象战陈初发面敌,此即仲春振旅疾徐坐作之事,一也。
○注“中军”至“过琅”
○释曰:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此六(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),三(san)(san)(san)(san)军(jun)(jun)(jun)居(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)偏,皆(jie)自有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)六(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)居(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)偏”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非谓(wei)(wei)如(ru)法。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)九者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直是(shi)(shi)(shi)两个(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san),为三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)复(fu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群吏(li)既(ji)(ji)听誓(shi),命各(ge)复(fu)其部曲(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)本各(ge)主(zhu)其部分曲(qu)别,谓(wei)(wei)若伍长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)主(zhu)五(wu)人(ren)(ren),两司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)主(zhu)二(er)(er)十五(wu)人(ren)(ren),卒长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)主(zhu)百人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)部曲(qu)。至於(wu)誓(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),出向众(zhong)前,听誓(shi)讫,各(ge)复(fu)其部伍本处,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)复(fu)其部曲(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)令(ling)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鼙(pi)令(ling)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”,故知(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其士众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《春秋(qiu)左(zuo)氏(shi)》曹刿云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“一(yi)(yi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)气(qi),再而(er)(er)衰,三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)竭。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)士众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)、师帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)、旅(lv)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》成(cheng)二(er)(er)年(nian)传,晋与齐战于鞍,克伤於(wu)矢,曰:“余病矣。”张(zhang)侯曰:“师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)目,在吾旗鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),进退(tui)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)右爰抱而(er)(er)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)克击鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。哀二(er)(er)年(nian)《左(zuo)传》,铁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,赵简子(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“伏(fu)呕(ou)血(xue),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)音不(bu)衰。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)将(jiang)居(ju)(ju)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下。知(zhi)兼有师帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)、旅(lv)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)上(shang)(shang)文春辨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),师帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提,旅(lv)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼙(pi)”,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren),故知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)、师帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)、旅(lv)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其卒长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)铙已下,皆(jie)金(jin)(jin)(jin),非鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma),两司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其上(shang)(shang)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“两司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)”,故知(zhi)此经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)振铎(duo)(duo)(duo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)两司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)众(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),金(jin)(jin)(jin)虽(sui)非鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),振之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)众(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),起(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)(ji)起(qi),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)击鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释经(jing)(jing)“车(che)徒皆(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)行(xing)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伍长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)鸣镯(zhuo)(zhuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镯(zhuo)(zhuo)”,《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)镯(zhuo)(zhuo)节鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伍长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)鸣镯(zhuo)(zhuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伍长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)曰公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镯(zhuo)(zhuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)伍长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)曰公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“扌鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)读(du)如(ru)弄”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直以(yi)(yi)(yi)扌鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)弄声相(xiang)近,以(yi)(yi)(yi)振铎(duo)(duo)(duo)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)“如(ru)涿鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)从《史记》黄帝(di)与蚩尤战于涿鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu),直取音同,不(bu)从义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此是(shi)(shi)(shi)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)然作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)声也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掩上(shang)(shang)振之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)手在上(shang)(shang),向下掩而(er)(er)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“止(zhi)行(xing)息(xi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“金(jin)(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)通鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),金(jin)(jin)(jin)铙止(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”则金(jin)(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)止(zhi)行(xing)息(xi)气(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)扌鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo),即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)群吏(li)弊旗,故知(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)亦得(de)止(zhi)行(xing)息(xi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)法》“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)声不(bu)过(guo)阊”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鼙(pi)与铎(duo)(duo)(duo)声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
又三鼓,振铎,作旗,车徒皆作。鼓进,鸣镯,车骤徒趋,及表乃止,坐作如初。(趋者,赴敌尚疾之渐也。《春秋传》曰:“先人有夺人之心。”及表,自第二前至第三。
○骤,仕救反,刘才遘反。先,悉荐(jian)反。)
[疏]注“春秋”至“之心”
○释曰:昭二十一年:“冬十月,华(hua)登以吴师(shi)救(jiu)华(hua)氏。宋阍人濮曰:‘《军(jun)志》有(you)之(zhi)(zhi):先(xian)人有(you)夺人之(zhi)(zhi)心。’”注云:“战(zhan)气未定(ding)故也(ye)。”“後人有(you)待其(qi)衰(shuai)”,注云:“待敌之(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)乃(nai)攻(gong)。”是其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)。
乃鼓,车驰徒走,及表乃止。(及表,自第三前至前表。)鼓戒三阕,车三发,徒三剌。(鼓戒,戒攻敌。鼓壹阕,车壹转,徒壹剌,三而止,象服敌。
○阕,苦穴反。)
[疏]注“鼓戒”至“服敌”
○释(shi)曰:经并言三(san)阕、三(san)发、三(san)剌,郑历言鼓一阕、车一转、徒一剌,三(san)而(er)止者,郑据(ju)实(shi)而(er)言,非(fei)是一时(shi)而(er)三(san)故也。
乃鼓退,鸣铙且,及表乃止,坐作如初。(铙所以止鼓。军退,卒长鸣铙以和众,鼓人为止之也。退,自前表至後表。鼓铎则同,习战之礼,出入一也;异者,废镯而鸣铙。
○,起略反。和,胡卧反。为,于伪反,下“为相”疑同。)
[疏]“乃鼓”至“如初”
○释曰:此言“乃鼓退”者,谓至南表,军吏及士卒回身向北,更从南为始也。云“鸣铙且”者,此鸣铙且,据初至南表退军之时,象在军,军退亦鸣铙。是以《左氏》哀公传,铁之战,陈子云“吾闻鼓不闻金”,亦是鸣铙退军注。及其向北,即更为习战之事,故云及表乃止,坐作如初。故郑云习战之礼,出入一也。
○注“铙所”至“鸣铙”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“铙(nao)所以止鼓(gu)(gu)”者(zhe),《鼓(gu)(gu)人职》云(yun)“金(jin)铙(nao)止鼓(gu)(gu)”是也(ye)。知“卒长鸣铙(nao)”者(zhe),春辨鼓(gu)(gu)铎云(yun)“卒长执(zhi)铙(nao)”是也(ye)。云(yun)“退,自前表(biao)(biao)至後(hou)表(biao)(biao)”者(zhe),经略言(yan)表(biao)(biao),则(ze)“及表(biao)(biao)乃止,坐作如初”者(zhe),总向北三表(biao)(biao),故郑云(yun)自前表(biao)(biao)至後(hou)表(biao)(biao)也(ye)。云(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)铎则(ze)同”者(zhe),鼓(gu)(gu)人三鼓(gu)(gu),两司(si)马执(zhi)铎,与向南(nan)时(shi)(shi)同,以其(qi)习(xi)(xi)战之礼(li),出(chu)入一也(ye)。云(yun)“异者(zhe),废镯而(er)鸣铙(nao)”者(zhe),前向南(nan)时(shi)(shi)云(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)行鸣镯”,此北向,不(bu)言(yan)鸣镯而(er)言(yan)鼓(gu)(gu)退鸣铙(nao),以其(qi)虽习(xi)(xi)战,出(chu)入一犹象退军,故鸣铙(nao)也(ye)。
遂以狩田,以旌为左右和之门,群吏各帅其车徒以叙和出,左右陈车徒,有司平之。旗居卒间以分地,前後有屯百步,有司巡其前後。险野,人为主;易野,车为主。(冬田为狩,言守取之,无所择也。军门曰和,今谓之垒门,立两旌以为之。叙和出,用次第出和门也。左右,或出而左,或出而右。有司平之,乡师居门,正其出入之行列也。旗,军吏所载。分地,调其部曲疏数。前後有屯百,步车徙异群相去之数也。车徒毕出和门,乡师又巡其行陈。郑司农云:“险野人为主,人居前;易野车为主,车居前。”
○分(fen),扶问(wen)反(fan),又如字,注(zhu)(zhu)同。易,以(yi)豉反(fan),注(zhu)(zhu)同。垒(lei),力轨反(fan)。)
[疏]“遂以”至“为主”
○释曰:此一节总论教战讫入防田猎之事,故云“遂以狩田”也。云“以旌为左右和之门”者,六军分三军,各处东西为左右,各为一门。云“以致和出”者,以教战处内,故以田处出。云“旗居卒门”者,军吏各领已之士卒,执旗以表之,故旗居卒间也。
○注“冬田”至“居前”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)田(tian)为(wei)狩(shou),言守取之,无(wu)所择(ze)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对春(chun)夏(xia)言、言苗(miao)有所择(ze)。又(you)秋(qiu)名(ming),中杀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多,对此围守之,此又(you)多於,故得守名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)和(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左(zuo)氏传》云(yun)(yun)“师(shi)克在(zai)和(he)(he),不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)众”,田(tian)猎象(xiang)战伐,故其(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)和(he)(he)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“今谓之垒(lei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉时军(jun)(jun)(jun)垒(lei)为(wei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)垒(lei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),与(yu)古(gu)和(he)(he)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)同,故举为(wei)说。云(yun)(yun)“立两旌以为(wei)之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭八年《梁传》云(yun)(yun):“秋(qiu),於红,正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun):“刈兰以为(wei)防,置旃以为(wei)辕门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),以葛覆质(zhi)以为(wei){执(zhi)木}。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“质(zhi),椹也(ye)(ye)。{执(zhi)木},门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)中臬。”又(you)云(yun)(yun):“流旁握御{车(che)(che)}者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得入(ru)。”注(zhu):“流旁握,谓车(che)(che)两彗头,各去门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)边容(rong)(rong)握。握,四寸也(ye)(ye)。又(you)《车(che)(che)攻诗(shi)》传云(yun)(yun):“大艾草以为(wei)防,或舍其(qi)中,褐缠旃以为(wei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),裘缠质(zhi)以为(wei)执(zhi)。门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)容(rong)(rong)握,驱而(er)入(ru),{车(che)(che)}则不(bu)(bu)(bu)得入(ru)。左(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之左(zuo),右者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之右,然後焚而(er)射(she)焉。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)战不(bu)(bu)(bu)出顷,田(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出防”。是(shi)其(qi)事也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“有司(si)平之,乡(xiang)师(shi)居门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),正(zheng)其(qi)出入(ru)之行列(lie)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《乡(xiang)师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun):“巡(xun)其(qi)前後之屯(tun),常(chang)戮其(qi)犯命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),断(duan)其(qi)争(zheng)禽(qin)之讼。”故知此经云(yun)(yun)有司(si)皆是(shi)乡(xiang)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“车(che)(che)徒(tu)异群”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),出军(jun)(jun)(jun)之时,一车(che)(che)甲士三(san)人,步(bu)卒七十(shi)二人,车(che)(che)徒(tu)同群。今在(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)行列(lie)之时,则车(che)(che)徒(tu)异群,故车(che)(che)人有异也(ye)(ye)。
既陈,乃设驱逆之车,有司表貉于陈前。(驱,驱出禽兽使趋田者也。逆,逆要不得令走。设此车者,田仆也。
○驱(qu),起(qi)具反,又如(ru)字(zi)。要,於遥反。)
[疏]“既陈”至“陈前”
○释曰:前经论陈车徒讫,故此云“既陈”。云“乃设驱逆之车”,设讫,即为表貉之祭於陈前也。
○注“驱驱”至“仆也”
○释曰:云(yun)“驱,驱出禽兽(shou)使趋田(tian)”者,按《王制》云(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)发,诸(zhu)侯(hou)发”,皆不(bu)云(yun)佐车者,其(qi)实天(tian)子(zi)、诸(zhu)侯(hou)田(tian)时(shi)皆有(you)驱逆之(zhi)(zhi)佐车。直於大夫言之(zhi)(zhi)者,据终而(er)言也。知(zhi)设(she)此车是田(tian)仆(pu)者,见《田(tian)仆(pu)职》六(liu)设(she)驱逆之(zhi)(zhi)车,故知(zhi)也。
中军以鼙令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓,群司马振铎,车徒皆作。遂鼓行,徒衔枚而进。大兽公之,小禽私之,获者取左耳。(群司马,谓两司马也。枚如箸,衔之,有纟画结项中。军法止语,为相疑惑也。进,行也。郑司农云:“大兽公之,输之於公;小禽私之,以自畀也。《诗》云:‘言私其<豕从>,献肩于公。’一岁为<豕从>,二岁为,三岁为特,四岁为肩,五岁为慎。此明其献大者於公,曰取其小者。”玄谓慎读为{鹿辰},《尔雅》曰:“豕生三曰<豕从>,豕牝曰,糜牝曰{鹿辰}。”获,得也。得禽兽者取左耳,当以计功。
○箸(zhu),直(zhi)虑反(fan)(fan)。纟画,户卦反(fan)(fan),刘(liu)又胡(hu)麦(mai)反(fan)(fan),或(huo)音(yin)卦。畀,必二(er)反(fan)(fan),与也(ye)。,音(yin)巴,本亦作(zuo)巴。慎,如字(zi),亦音(yin)辰。{鹿(lu)辰},音(yin)辰,又音(yin)肾,止尸反(fan)(fan)。{鹿(lu)辰},糜牝也(ye)。<豕>,本亦作(zuo)<豕从>,子工反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“中军”至“左耳”
○释曰:此令鼓之事,与上文教战时大同,惟徒衔枚为异。
○注“群司”至“计功”
○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)“群司(si)马(ma)谓两(liang)司(si)马(ma)”者,上文春辨鼓铎,云(yun)(yun)(yun)两(liang)司(si)马(ma)振铎,故知(zhi)之(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“枚如箸,衔之(zhi),有纟画(hua)结项中”者,虽无(wu)(wu)正文,以意言(yan)之(zhi)。纟画(hua)即两(liang)头(tou)系(xi)也(ye)。既有两(liang)系(xi),明(ming)於项後中央结之(zhi)。先(xian)郑引(yin)《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)私其<豕(shi)从(cong)>,献(xian)肩(jian)于公”,一(yi)(yi)岁(sui)为<豕(shi)从(cong)>已下,郑皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)者,《豳诗(shi)》毛传云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三岁(sui)曰(yue)<豕(shi)开>”,此云(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)岁(sui)为肩(jian),《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“豕(shi)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)特(te)(te),二曰(yue)师,三曰(yue)<豕(shi)从(cong)>。”又《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“糜牝曰(yue){鹿辰}。”无(wu)(wu)五(wu)岁(sui)为慎。又《魏诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三岁(sui)曰(yue)特(te)(te)。”先(xian)郑皆(jie)无(wu)(wu)可依据,故不(bu)(bu)从(cong)也(ye)。若然,<豕(shi)开>还是鹿之(zhi)绝有力者也(ye)。
及所弊,鼓皆戒,车徒皆讠。(郑司农云:“及所弊,至所弊之处。”玄谓至所弊之处,田所当於止也。天子诸侯狩有常,至其常处,吏士鼓噪,象攻敌京刂胜而喜也。疾雷击鼓曰戒。噪,ん也。《书》曰“前师乃鼓{付鼓}噪”,亦谓喜也。
○戒,本亦作(zuo)骇,胡(hu)楷反,李一音亥(hai)。噪,素(su)报反。{付鼓},音符,又芳甫反。)
[疏]“及所”至“皆噪”
○释曰:云“及所弊”者,冬徒弊止之处,谓百姓猎止。
○注“郑司”至“喜也”
○释曰:引“《书》曰”者,《书传》文(wen)。彼说武(wu)王伐纣时(shi)事。
徒乃弊,致禽饣盍兽于郊,入献禽以享。(徒乃弊,徒止也。冬田主用众,物多,众得取也。致禽饣盍兽于郊,聚所获禽,因以祭四方神於郊。《月令》“季秋,天子既田,命主祠祭禽四方”是也。入又以禽祭宗庙。
○饣盍,于(yu)辄反,刘于(yu)法反。,之升反,後(hou)皆放(fang)此。)
[疏]“徒乃”至“享”
○释曰:云“致禽饣盍兽于郊”者,亦谓因田过郊之神位而馈之。
○注“徒乃”至“宗庙”
○释(shi)曰:“《月(yue)令》季(ji)秋天子既田”云(yun)云(yun)者,证彼(bi)祭禽于(yu)四郊,与(yu)此饣盍兽(shou)于(yu)郊为(wei)一物。其实彼(bi)一解(jie)以(yi)为(wei)是仲秋祭禽,以(yi)祠(ci)礻方为(wei)一也(ye)。
及师,大合军,以行禁令,以救无辜,伐有罪。(师,所谓王巡守若会同,司马起师合军以从,所以威天下、行其政也。不言大者,未有敌,不尚武。
○从(cong),才用反(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。)
[疏]注“师所”至“尚武”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“师,所谓王(wang)巡(xun)守若会同”者,以(yi)对下(xia)文云(yun)(yun)“若大师”是(shi)出军法,故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)“未有敌,不(bu)尚武”也(ye)。
若大(da)师(shi),则掌其戒(jie)令,莅(li)(li)大(da)卜(bu),帅执(zhi)事莅(li)(li)衅主(zhu)及(ji)军器。(大(da)师(shi),王(wang)出征伐(fa)也。莅(li)(li),临也。临大(da)卜(bu),卜(bu)出兵(bing)吉凶也。《司(si)马(ma)法》曰:“上卜(bu)下谋,是谓参之。”主(zhu),谓迁庙之主(zhu)及(ji)社主(zhu)在军者(zhe)也。军器,鼓铎之属。凡师(shi)既受(shou)甲,迎主(zhu)于庙及(ji)社主(zhu),祝(zhu)奉以(yi)从,杀(sha)牲(sheng)以(yi)血涂主(zhu)及(ji)军器,皆神之。)
[疏]“若大”至“军器”
○释曰:云“帅执事莅衅主及军器”者,按《小子职》云“衅邦器及军器”,彼官衅之,而大司马临之。
○注“大师”至“神之”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知临大卜者(zhe),按《大卜》云(yun)“掌龟(gui)之八命(ming):一曰征”,故(gu)知也。云(yun)“《司马法》曰‘上卜下(xia)谋(mou),是谓(wei)参(can)之’”者(zhe),卜在(zai)(zai)庙,又龟(gui)有神,故(gu)云(yun)上卜。谋(mou)人在(zai)(zai)下(xia),故(gu)云(yun)下(xia)谋(mou)。君(jun)居其(qi)中,故(gu)云(yun)参(can)也。云(yun)“主(zhu)谓(wei)迁庙之主(zhu)及社主(zhu)在(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)也”者(zhe),《曾(ceng)子问》云(yun):“军(jun)(jun)(jun)行(xing)则以迁庙之主(zhu)行(xing)。”《左传》祝佗(tuo)云(yun):“军(jun)(jun)(jun)行(xing),祓社衅(xin)鼓(gu),祝奉(feng)以从。”《尚(shang)书》云(yun):“用(yong)命(ming)赏于祖,不用(yong)命(ming)戮于社。”皆是在(zai)(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)也。
及致,建大常,比军众,诛後至者。(比或作庀。郑司农云:“致,谓聚众也。庀,具也。”玄谓致,乡师致民於司马。比,校次之也。
○比,必(bi)履反(fan),注同,或(huo)毗志反(fan),刘(liu)芳直反(fan)。作庀,匹是(shi)也(ye),刘(liu)芳美反(fan),具也(ye),沈方(fang)二反(fan)。)
[疏]注“比或”至“之也”
○释曰:先(xian)郑云“庀,具也”者,先(xian)郑从(cong)古(gu)书庀,後郑不(bu)从(cong),以(yi)为校(xiao)次者,凡物有数者,皆须校(xiao)次乃知具不(bu),故不(bu)从(cong)具也。“玄(xuan)谓致,乡师(shi)致民(min)於(wu)司马”者,据《乡师(shi)职(zhi)》知之,其(qi)司马用王大(da)常(chang)(chang)者,以(yi)上文大(da)师(shi)王亲御六(liu)军,故司马用王之大(da)常(chang)(chang)致众。若(ruo)王不(bu)亲,则司马自用大(da)旗致之。
及战,巡陈,事而赏罚。(事,谓战功也。
○氐,音视。)
[疏]“及战”至“赏罚”
○释曰:“巡陈”者,司马当(dang)战(zhan),对阵之时,巡军陈,氐其战(zhan)功之事,知有其功无功而行赏罚也。
若师有功,则左执律,右秉钺,以先恺乐献于社。(功,胜也。律所以听军声,钺所以为将威也。先犹道也。兵乐曰恺。献于社,献功于社也。《司马法》曰:“得意则恺乐,恺歌,示喜也。”郑司农云:“故城濮之战,《春秋传》曰,振旅恺以入于晋。”
○钺(yue),音越。道,音导(dao)。濮,音卜。)
[疏]“若师”至“于社”
○释曰:云“若师有功,则左执律,右秉钺,以先”者,谓战陈知有胜,功讫乃执律者,示此律听军声克胜耳。右秉钺,示威也。
○注“功胜”至“于晋”
○释曰:云“律所以听军(jun)声”者(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)师(shi)职》文。彼初出(chu)军(jun)时(shi),大(da)(da)师(shi)执听,至此克胜,司(si)马(ma)执之(zhi)。先郑引城濮之(zhi)战(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),僖二十八年,晋(jin)文公(gong)败楚於(wu)城濮,兵(bing)入(ru)曰振旅,整(zheng)众而还,歌恺(kai)(kai)乐(le)而入(ru)晋(jin),彼诸(zhu)侯法,与此天子礼(li)同,故引为(wei)证也。赵商问:“《夏官(guan)》,师(shi)有(you)功(gong)则献(xian)(xian)于社(she)。《春官(guan)·大(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)》‘王师(shi)大(da)(da)献(xian)(xian),则令奏恺(kai)(kai)乐(le)’,注云:‘大(da)(da)献(xian)(xian),献(xian)(xian)捷(jie)於(wu)祖。’不违异意。”郑答曰:“司(si)马(ma)主军(jun)事之(zhi)功(gong),故献(xian)(xian)於(wu)社(she)。大(da)(da)司(si)乐(le),宗(zong)伯之(zhi)属,宗(zong)伯主宗(zong)庙,故献(xian)(xian)于祖。若(ruo)然,军(jun)有(you)功(gong),二处俱(ju)献(xian)(xian),以其(qi)出(chu)军(jun)之(zhi)时(shi)告(gao)于祖,宜(yi)于社(she),故反必告(gao)也。”
若师不功,则厌而奉主车。(郑司农云:“厌谓厌冠,丧服也。军败则以丧礼,故秦伯之败於ゾ也,《春秋传》‘曰秦伯素服郊次,乡师而哭’。”玄谓厌,伏冠也。奉犹送也。送主归於庙与社。
○厌,於涉(she)反(fan),李(li)一音於入反(fan),注同。ゾ,户交(jiao)反(fan),刘音豪(hao)。乡师,许亮反(fan)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“与社”
○释曰:《春秋(qiu)》秦(qin)伯(bo)(bo)事(shi),《左传》僖(xi)三十三年(nian),秦(qin)师袭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。按彼僖(xi)三十年(nian),秦(qin)晋围郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)烛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武说秦(qin)伯(bo)(bo),秦(qin)师退,使(shi)杞子、逢(feng)孙(sun)、杨(yang)孙(sun)戍郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。至僖(xi)三十三年(nian),秦(qin)使(shi)孟明视、白(bai)乙丙、西乞术袭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),将至郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),逢(feng)商人(ren)弦高(gao)将市于周,诈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),秦(qin)师还至ゾ,晋师与姜戎败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),获三帅,囚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於晋,晋舍三师还,秦(qin)伯(bo)(bo)素服(fu)(fu)郊次(ci),乡师而哭(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)也。玄谓“厌(yan)(yan),伏冠(guan)也”者,按下(xia)《曲(qu)礼》云(yun):“厌(yan)(yan)冠(guan)不(bu)入(ru)公门(men)。”彼差次(ci)当缌小功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan),以(yi)义言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)皆厌(yan)(yan),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)丧(sang)(sang)冠(guan)反。吉(ji)冠(guan)於武上向(xiang)内缝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丧(sang)(sang)冠(guan)於武下(xia)向(xiang)上缝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)伏冠(guan)在武,故得(de)厌(yan)(yan)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。按《檀(tan)弓》注“厌(yan)(yan)冠(guan),丧(sang)(sang)冠(guan),其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)亦未闻(wen)”。若然(ran),先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)引秦(qin)伯(bo)(bo)素服(fu)(fu)者,彼据在国向(xiang)外哭(ku),此(ci)则从外向(xiang)内,不(bu)同,故云(yun)其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)未闻(wen)。後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)破者,已有《檀(tan)弓》注,此(ci)从破可知。
王吊劳士庶子,则相。(师败,王亲吊士庶子之死者,劳其伤者,则相王之礼。庶子,卿大夫之子从军者,或谓之庶士。
○劳,老报反(fan),注同。相,息亮反(fan),注同。)
[疏]注“师败”至“庶士”
○释曰:按《宫伯》云(yun)“掌(zhang)宫中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,注云(yun)“士(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),其(qi)支(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)”,与此注云(yun)“庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,庶(shu)(shu)俱(ju)兼,则经(jing)中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)身。与《宫伯》注不同者,彼宫正掌(zhang)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)身,宫伯别掌(zhang)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)支(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)明(ming)矣(yi)。此惟一文云(yun)“吊(diao)劳(lao)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,不见别有吊(diao)劳(lao)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)身,故(gu)(gu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)。郑望经(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)注,故(gu)(gu)不同也。若然,此注不云(yun)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者,以(yi)其(qi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)王与后(hou)与士(shi)(shi)同,故(gu)(gu)亲吊(diao)劳(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)。士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)如众人,不得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王及后(hou)如士(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)不吊(diao)劳(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
大役,与虑事属其植,受其要,以待考而赏诛。(大役,筑城邑也。郑司农云:“国有大役,大司马与谋虑其事也。植,谓部曲将吏。故宋城,《春秋传》曰‘华元为植巡功’。属谓聚会之也。要者,簿书也。考,谓考校其功。”玄谓虑事者,封人也。于有役,司马与之。植,筑城桢也。属,赋丈尺与其用人数。
○与虑(lv),音(yin)预,又(you)如字,注(zhu)与谋(mou)同。属,音(yin)烛,注(zhu)同。植,直吏反,注(zhu)同。华,户化(hua)反。桢,音(yin)贞。)
[疏]“大役”至“赏诛”
○释曰:此谓筑城邑之时,封人虑事计功,大司马虽不掌徒役,亦得与谋也。“属其植”者,属,谓属聚徒役,计其人数,付其丈尺,以课其功也。植者,版之属,计其人事,各使备足也。
○注“大役”至“人数”
○释曰:先郑以(yi)(yi)为(wei)与(yu)虑(lv)事(shi),大司马(ma)与(yu)在谋(mou)虑(lv)其事(shi)中,後郑从之(zhi),增(zeng)成(cheng)其义(yi)。按宣(xuan)十(shi)一年:“楚令尹艾猎(lie)城所,使封(feng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)虑(lv)事(shi),以(yi)(yi)授司徒(tu)。”注(zhu)云(yun):“封(feng)人(ren)(ren)(ren),司徒(tu)之(zhi)属官。”是封(feng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)虑(lv)事(shi),司马(ma)与(yu)在谋(mou)虑(lv)中也(ye)。《春秋(qiu)》宋(song)华元(yuan)者,按宣(xuan)二年《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun):“宋(song)城,华元(yuan)为(wei)植(zhi)(zhi),巡功。”注(zhu)云(yun):“植(zhi)(zhi),将主也(ye)。”先郑云(yun):“植(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)部曲将吏。属,谓(wei)聚(ju)会(hui)之(zhi)。”後郑不(bu)从,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)筑城桢(zhen)也(ye)。“属,赋丈(zhang)(zhang)尺与(yu)其用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)数”者,按昭三(san)十(shi)二年,“晋士弥(mi)牟营成(cheng)周,计丈(zhang)(zhang)数,揣高卑(bei),度厚薄,仞沟洫(xu)”。又云(yun):“以(yi)(yi)令役(yi)於诸侯,属役(yi)赋丈(zhang)(zhang)尺。”宣(xuan)十(shi)一年,计虑(lv)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)功之(zhi)数。以(yi)(yi)此知属谓(wei)赋丈(zhang)(zhang)尺与(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)数也(ye)。
大(da)会同(tong),则帅士庶(shu)子而(er)掌(zhang)其政令。(帅,师以从王。)
[疏]注“帅师以从王”
○释曰:知“帅,帅以从(cong)(cong)王”者,按《诸(zhu)子职》云(yun)“若会同(tong)宾(bin)客(ke),作群子从(cong)(cong)”,注云(yun):“从(cong)(cong),从(cong)(cong)王。”是其事也。
若大射(she),则合诸侯(hou)之六(liu)耦。(大射(she),王将祭(ji),射(she)于(yu)射(she)宫,以(yi)选贤也。王射(she)三侯(hou),以(yi)诸侯(hou)为六(liu)耦。)
[疏]“若大”至“六耦”
○释曰:王大射之时有诸侯来朝,在京师者,大司马令之为六耦。
○注“大射”至“六耦”
○释曰:云“大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she),王将(jiang)祭,射(she)(she)(she)(she)于射(she)(she)(she)(she)宫(gong),以选(xuan)贤也(ye)”者,按《礼(li)记·射(she)(she)(she)(she)义(yi)》云:“古者天子之制,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)岁献贡士於天子,天子试之於射(she)(she)(she)(she)宫(gong),而中(zhong)多者得与於祭。”《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)》亦(yi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)於郊学(xue)宫(gong)中(zhong),皆(jie)是为(wei)祭选(xuan)士,故(gu)云选(xuan)贤也(ye)。云“王射(she)(she)(she)(she)三(san)侯(hou)”者,《司裘》云“王大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she),则共(gong)虎侯(hou)、熊侯(hou)、豹侯(hou)”是也(ye)。此大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)是将(jiang)祭而射(she)(she)(she)(she),故(gu)用诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)为(wei)六耦。若宾射(she)(she)(she)(she),射(she)(she)(she)(she)人亦(yi)用六耦,但不(bu)用诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),当(dang)用卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫为(wei)之。燕射(she)(she)(she)(she)三(san)耦,自然用卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫已下为(wei)之。
大祭祀、飨食,羞牲鱼,授其祭。(牲鱼,鱼牲也。祭,谓尸宾所以祭也。郑司农云:“大司马主进鱼牲。”
○食,音嗣,後“飨(xiang)食”皆(jie)放(fang)此(ci)。)
[疏]“大祭”至“其祭”
○释曰:大祭祀,谓天地宗庙。此大祭,据祭庙而言,其中小之祭祀,亦为之矣。飨食,谓诸侯来朝,上公三飨三食之等,行之在庙,故与大祭祀同。皆羞进鱼牲。
○注“牲鱼”至“鱼牲”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓尸(shi)宾(bin)(bin)所以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也”者(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀授尸(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),飨食授宾(bin)(bin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe),鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)脔,即《少牢下篇》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“主人、主妇、尸(shi)侑各(ge)一(yi)鱼(yu)(yu),加无(wu),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於其上。”无(wu),谓鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)反覆(fu)者(zhe)。《公食大(da)(da)(da)夫》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“授宾(bin)(bin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。故云(yun)(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谓尸(shi)宾(bin)(bin)所以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若王(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),则(ze)《膳夫》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“授王(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”是(shi)也。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)马主进(jin)(jin)鱼(yu)(yu)牲(sheng)”者(zhe),必使司(si)(si)马进(jin)(jin)之(zhi)者(zhe),司(si)(si)马夏(xia)官(guan),夏(xia)阴气所起,鱼(yu)(yu),水(shui)物,亦(yi)阴类(lei),故使司(si)(si)马进(jin)(jin)之(zhi)也。
大(da)丧,平士大(da)夫。(郑(zheng)司农云:“平,一其服也。”玄谓平者,正其职与其位(wei)。)
[疏]“大丧平士大夫”
○释曰:必使司马平之者,司马之属有司士,主群吏。今王丧,不得使司士,故司马士之。
○注“郑司”至“其位”
○释曰:先(xian)郑云“平,一其服(fu)也”者(zhe),後(hou)郑不从者(zhe),《小宗伯》已悬衰冠,故後(hou)郑以(yi)为平者(zhe)正其职(zhi)与其位也。
丧祭,奉诏马牲。(王丧之以马祭者,盖遣奠也。奉犹送也,送之至墓,告而藏之。
○遣(qian)奠(dian),弃战(zhan)反,後“遣(qian)奠(dian)”、“遣(qian)车”之(zhi)类皆同。)
[疏]注“王丧”至“藏之”
○释曰(yue):郑知丧祭(ji)是大遣奠者,以其丧奠、反(fan)虞(yu)、卒哭丧祭(ji)之等,无(wu)奉送诏告,惟有大遣奠。入(ru)圹之时(shi),有奉送之事,故知丧祭(ji)是大遣奠耳。