爱上海

 华语网 > 文言专题 > 文言文经典名著 > 正文

周礼注疏·卷四十一在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

●卷四

  ◎冬(dong)官考工记下

玉人之事,镇圭尺有二寸,天子守之。命圭九寸,谓之桓圭,公守之。命圭七寸,谓之信圭,侯守之。命圭七寸,谓之躬圭,伯守之。(命圭者,王所命之圭也。朝觐执焉,居则守之。子守璧,男守蒲璧。不言之者,阙耳。故书或云“命圭五寸,谓之躬圭”。杜子春云:“当为七寸。”玄谓五寸者,璧文之阙乱存焉。
  ○信,音身。朝(chao),直(zhi)遥反,下(xia)皆同。)

[疏]“玉人”至“守之”
  ○释曰:云“玉人之事”者,谓人造玉瑞玉器之事,此一句总与下诸文为目,圭名镇、名信、及躬,备於宗伯。
  ○注“命圭”至“存焉”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“命(ming)圭(gui)者(zhe),王所命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圭(gui)也(ye)”者(zhe),《公羊传》云(yun)(yun):“锡(xi)者(zhe)何(he)?赐(ci)也(ye)。命(ming)者(zhe)何(he)?加(jia)(jia)我服也(ye)。”於王以(yi)策命(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),非直加(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)车(che)服,时(shi)即以(yi)圭(gui)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)为(wei)瑞(rui)(rui)信者(zhe)也(ye)。“朝觐执(zhi)焉”者(zhe),《典瑞(rui)(rui)》云(yun)(yun)“公执(zhi)桓(huan)圭(gui)”以(yi)下(xia),“朝觐宗(zong)遇会(hui)同于王,诸(zhu)侯(hou)相见亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“居则守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),谓(wei)以(yi)为(wei)镇守(shou)者(zhe)也(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)居则守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。子(zi)守(shou)璧(bi)(bi),男守(shou)蒲(pu)璧(bi)(bi),《典瑞(rui)(rui)》、《宗(zong)伯》、《大行人》俱有其文(wen),於此不言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),阙也(ye)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)阙者(zhe),若韦氏、栉氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,亦阙也(ye)。若然,经有镇圭(gui),按《典瑞(rui)(rui)》云(yun)(yun):“王执(zhi)镇圭(gui),缫(sao)藉五(wu)采、五(wu)就(jiu),以(yi)朝日。”郑(zheng)不言(yan)者(zhe),有《典瑞(rui)(rui)》可参,故(gu)直举诸(zhu)侯(hou)可知也(ye)。子(zi)春破故(gu)书五(wu)寸(cun),当从经七寸(cun),後郑(zheng)不从,以(yi)从故(gu)书为(wei)五(wu)寸(cun),五(wu)寸(cun)是(shi)(shi)璧(bi)(bi)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙乱(luan)(luan)存者(zhe),命(ming)圭(gui)是(shi)(shi)伯,五(wu)寸(cun)是(shi)(shi)子(zi)男,故(gu)乱(luan)(luan)存也(ye)。

天(tian)子(zi)执冒(mao)四寸,以(yi)朝诸(zhu)侯(hou)。(名玉曰(yue)冒(mao)者(zhe),言德能(neng)覆盖天(tian)下也。四寸者(zhe),方以(yi)尊接卑(bei),以(yi)小为贵。)

[疏]注“名玉”至“为贵”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):郑知“名(ming)玉曰(yue)冒(mao)(mao)(mao),言(yan)(yan)德能覆(fu)(fu)盖天下”者,按《书(shu)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“古者必有(you)冒(mao)(mao)(mao),言(yan)(yan)不敢专达之(zhi)(zhi)义。天子执(zhi)(zhi)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)以朝诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),见则覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“君恩覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi),臣敢进。”是(shi)其(qi)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)事。按孔注(zhu)(zhu)《顾命》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“言(yan)(yan)冒(mao)(mao)(mao),所以冒(mao)(mao)(mao)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)圭(gui),以齐瑞信(xin),方四寸,邪刻之(zhi)(zhi)。”不言(yan)(yan)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)以覆(fu)(fu)盖天下者,义得两含(han),故注(zhu)(zhu)有(you)异。故《书(shu)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“古者圭(gui)必有(you)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)”,亦(yi)是(shi)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)法也。此(ci)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)据朝觐(jin)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)时执(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。《诗(shi)·殷颂》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“受小球(qiu)大球(qiu),为下国缀旒。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“小球(qiu)尺二寸,大球(qiu)长三尺。与(yu)下国结定其(qi)心(xin),如旌旗之(zhi)(zhi)旒。”彼据天子与(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)盟会,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)结定其(qi)心(xin),故执(zhi)(zhi)镇圭(gui),不执(zhi)(zhi)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)也。

天子用全,上公用龙,侯用瓒,伯用将。(郑司农云:“全,纯色也。龙当为ζ,ζ谓杂色。”玄谓全,纯玉也。瓒读“{衍食}[C174]”之[C174]。龙、瓒、将,皆杂名也。卑者下尊,以轻重为差。玉多则重,石多则轻,公侯四玉一石,伯子男三玉二石。
  ○龙,莫江反(fan)。瓒(zan),才旱反(fan),下同。司(si)农音赞(zan)。将,如字(zi),刘音阳。{衍食},之然反(fan)。[C174],作旦反(fan)。下,遐(xia)嫁反(fan)。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“二石”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):此经(jing)因天子(zi)以(yi)下执玉(yu)(yu)(yu),遂说尊(zun)卑(bei)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),善恶不同(tong)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)“全,纯(chun)(chun)色(se)也。龙(long)当(dang)为ζ,ζ谓(wei)杂(za)色(se)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)以(yi)为全,纯(chun)(chun)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)也。纯(chun)(chun)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)即(ji)纯(chun)(chun)色(se),义无殊(shu)。“瓒(zan)”读“{衍(yan)食}[C174]”之(zhi)[C174]者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《醢(hai)人职》有[C174]食,汉时有膏(gao)[C174],今连言{衍(yan)食}[C174]者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取(qu)杂(za)意。云(yun)“龙(long)、瓒(zan)、将(jiang),皆(jie)杂(za)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)杂(za)名。此亦(yi)含(han)杂(za)色(se)。必知(zhi)後(hou)郑(zheng)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)杂(za)中含(han)色(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见郑(zheng)《异(yi)(yi)义》云(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)杂(za)则(ze)(ze)色(se)杂(za)”,则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)全色(se)亦(yi)全也。云(yun)“卑(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下尊(zun),以(yi)轻(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)为差。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)则(ze)(ze)重(zhong)(zhong),石多(duo)则(ze)(ze)轻(qing)”,知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《盈不足术》曰(yue):“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)寸,重(zhong)(zhong)七两。石方(fang)寸,重(zhong)(zhong)六(liu)两。”云(yun)“公侯四玉(yu)(yu)(yu)一石,伯(bo)子(zi)男(nan)三玉(yu)(yu)(yu)二石。”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《礼纬》云(yun):“天子(zi)纯(chun)(chun)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)尺二寸,公侯九寸,四玉(yu)(yu)(yu)一石,伯(bo)子(zi)男(nan)三玉(yu)(yu)(yu)二石。”此注出於彼(bi),但此经(jing)公与(yu)(yu)侯异(yi)(yi),注及彼(bi)文公侯同(tong),又彼(bi)伯(bo)子(zi)男(nan)同(tong)七寸,皆(jie)与(yu)(yu)此经(jing)不同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)据殷法。但玉(yu)(yu)(yu)石多(duo)少与(yu)(yu)周(zhou)同(tong),故引之(zhi)也。若然(ran),公侯同(tong)四玉(yu)(yu)(yu)一石,而龙(long)瓒(zan)异(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖(gai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)有别(bie)也。

继子男执皮帛。(谓公之孤也。见礼次子男,贽用束帛,而以豹皮表之为饰。天子之孤,表帛以虎皮。此说玉及皮帛者,遂言见天子之用贽。
  ○见(jian)礼,贤(xian)遍反,下同。)

[疏]注“谓公”至“用贽”
  ○释曰(yue):此公之(zhi)孤(gu)。上(shang)不言子男(nan),而此云“继(ji)(ji)子男(nan)”者,以(yi)上(shang)文(wen)不见(jian)(jian)子男(nan)也(ye)。不见(jian)(jian)者,以(yi)子男(nan)与(yu)伯同(tong)用三玉二(er)石,故(gu)空其文(wen),见(jian)(jian)子男(nan)与(yu)伯等,以(yi)是(shi)得言以(yi)皮(pi)帛继(ji)(ji)子男(nan)也(ye)。以(yi)《大(da)行人(ren)》注言之(zhi),此亦是(shi)孤(gu)尊(zun),更以(yi)其贽见(jian)(jian)也(ye)。知“诸侯孤(gu)饰贽以(yi)豹皮(pi),天子之(zhi)孤(gu)饰以(yi)虎皮(pi)”者,《郊特牲》云:“虎豹之(zhi)皮(pi),示服猛也(ye)。”二(er)者皮(pi)中为美(mei),虎皮(pi)又(you)贵,天子孤(gu)尊(zun),故(gu)知义然也(ye)。

天子圭中必。(必读如“鹿车纟毕”之纟毕,谓以组约其中央,为执之以备失队。
  ○必,府结反,戚如(ru)字。纟毕,刘(liu)府结反;沈音毕,云刘(liu)音非也。按北(bei)俗今犹有此语,音如(ru)刘(liu)音,盖古语乎?刘(liu)音未失。组约(yue),如(ru)字,刘(liu)阿反。为,于(yu)伪反。队,直类反。)

[疏]注“必读”至“失队”
  ○释曰:上列天(tian)子及公侯伯之圭(gui)(gui),於此(ci)(ci)独言“天(tian)子圭(gui)(gui)中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)”者,按《聘礼(li)记》,五(wu)等诸(zhu)侯及聘使所执(zhi)圭(gui)(gui)璋,皆有缫藉及绚(xuan)组(zu),绚(xuan)组(zu)所以约圭(gui)(gui)中(zhong)(zhong)央,恐失(shi)坠,即此(ci)(ci)“中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)”之类(lei)。若然,圭(gui)(gui)之中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi),尊卑皆有。此(ci)(ci)不(bu)言诸(zhu)侯圭(gui)(gui),举(ju)上以明下(xia)可知。云“读如鹿车纟毕(bi)之纟毕(bi)”者,俗读之也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)纟毕(bi)、绚(xuan)组(zu)一也(ye)。

四圭尺有二寸,以祀天。(郊天,所以礼其神也。《典瑞职》曰:“四圭有邸,以祀天旅上帝。”
  ○邸,丁礼反(fan),又音帝,下(xia)文同。)

[疏]注“郊天”至“上帝”
  ○释曰:此圭《典瑞》直言(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)用礼神,不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun),故此言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。此直言(yan)(yan)(yan)“尺(chi)二(er)寸(cun)(cun)”,按《典瑞》注,先(xian)郑云:“中央为(wei)璧,圭著其四面,一玉俱成。”又(you)云:“圭未(wei)四出。”若然,此尺(chi)二(er)寸(cun)(cun)者,未(wei)知璧在(zai)中央,通两畔,总计(ji)为(wei)尺(chi)二(er)寸(cun)(cun)。未(wei)知除(chu)璧之(zhi)外,两畔之(zhi)圭各有一尺(chi)二(er)寸(cun)(cun)。据(ju)下圭尺(chi)有二(er)寸(cun)(cun)而言(yan)(yan)(yan),则此四圭,圭别尸有二(er)寸(cun)(cun)。仍(reng)未(wei)审以(yi)璧为(wei)邸(di),邸(di)径几(ji)许(xu)。礼既(ji)无(wu)文,不(bu)可强记也(ye)(ye)。引《典瑞》者,证祀(si)天为(wei)夏(xia)正郊所(suo)感帝,兼(jian)国有故旅祭(ji)五帝之(zhi)事,亦以(yi)此圭礼神也(ye)(ye)。

大圭长三尺,杼上,终葵首,天子服之。(王所大圭也,或谓之。终葵,椎也。为推於其杼上,明无所屈也。杼,<杀闪>也。《相玉书》曰:“玉六寸,明自。”
  ○杼,直吕(lv)反(fan)。,他顶(ding)反(fan)。椎(zhui),直追反(fan),下同。<杀(sha)闪>,色界反(fan),刘色例反(fan),杀(sha)字之异者,本或作杀(sha),下“取杀(sha)”、“杀(sha)文(wen)”同。相,息(xi)亮反(fan)。,音照。)

[疏]“大圭”至“服之”
  ○释曰:言“大圭”者,以其长,故得大圭之称。言“服之”者,以其於衣带之间,同於衣服,故以服言之。
  ○注“王所”至“自”
  ○释(shi)曰:云“王所大(da)(da)圭(gui)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《典瑞》云:“王大(da)(da)圭(gui),执镇圭(gui),缫藉五(wu)采(cai)、五(wu)就(jiu),以朝日”是也(ye)。云“或谓(wei)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《玉(yu)藻》云:“天子,方(fang)正於天下(xia)也(ye)。”郑云:“言然无(wu)所屈(qu)(qu)。”此注亦云“明(ming)(ming)无(wu)所屈(qu)(qu)”,皆对诸侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)荼,大(da)(da)夫(fu)前屈(qu)(qu)後屈(qu)(qu),故(gu)云无(wu)所屈(qu)(qu)也(ye)。云“终葵(kui),椎也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),齐人(ren)谓(wei)椎为(wei)(wei)终葵(kui),故(gu)云终葵(kui),椎也(ye)。云“《相玉(yu)书》曰:玉(yu)六寸,明(ming)(ming)自(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)於三尺圭(gui)上(shang),除六寸之(zhi)下(xia),两畔杀去之(zhi),使已上(shang)为(wei)(wei)椎头。言六寸,据(ju)上(shang)不杀者(zhe)(zhe)而言。云“明(ming)(ming)自(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),玉(yu)体瑜(yu)不掩(yan)瑕,瑕不掩(yan)瑜(yu),善恶露(lu)见,是其忠实。君子於玉(yu)比(bi)德(de)焉,言忠实,故(gu)云明(ming)(ming)自(zi)也(ye)。引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)大(da)(da)圭(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)终葵(kui)六寸已下(xia)杼之(zhi)也(ye)。

土圭尺有五寸,以致日,以土地。(致日,度景至不。夏日至之景尺有五寸,冬日至之景丈有三尺。土犹度也。建邦国以度其地,而制其域。
  ○景度,待洛(luo)反,下注同。)

[疏]“土圭”至“土地”
  ○释曰:言“土圭”,谓度土地远近之圭,故云土圭。
  ○注“致日”至“其域”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)“致(zhi)日(ri),度景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)至不(bu)”者,於(wu)地(di)中(zhong)立八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,於(wu)中(zhong)漏半,夏至日(ri),表北尺(chi)(chi)(chi)五(wu)寸(cun),景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)与土(tu)圭等(deng)。冬至日(ri),丈(zhang)三尺(chi)(chi)(chi),为景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)至。若(ruo)不(bu)依(yi)此,皆为不(bu)至,故云(yun)度景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)至不(bu)也(ye)。但景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)至与不(bu)至,皆由(you)君(jun)政(zheng)得失而来。度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,若(ruo)不(bu)至,使君(jun)改德(de)教也(ye)。云(yun)“夏日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),尺(chi)(chi)(chi)有五(wu)寸(cun),冬日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),丈(zhang)三尺(chi)(chi)(chi)”者,皆《通卦验(yan)》文。《大司徙》亦云(yun)“夏日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),尺(chi)(chi)(chi)有五(wu)寸(cun)”,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)中(zhong)。云(yun)“土(tu)犹(you)度也(ye)。建(jian)邦国以度其地(di),而制其域”者,此度地(di)封诸(zhu)侯,日(ri)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)分(fen),地(di)差百里(li),五(wu)等(deng)诸(zhu)侯,直(zhi)取五(wu)分(fen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),已下无取尺(chi)(chi)(chi)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)。

圭尺有二寸,有瓒,以祀庙。(之言灌也。或作“氵果”,或作“果”。谓始献酌奠也。瓒如盘,其柄用圭,有流前注。
  ○,古乱反,注(zhu)“氵果(guo)”、“果(guo)”皆(jie)同(tong)。)

[疏]“圭”至“祀庙”
  ○释曰:郑注《小宰》云:“惟人道宗庙有,天地大神,至尊不。”故此唯云“以祀庙”。《典瑞》兼云“以宾客”,此不言者,有《典瑞》,故作文略也。
  ○注“之”至“前注”
  ○释曰(yue):读“”为“灌(guan)”者,取水灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)义。云(yun)“谓(wei)始(shi)献(xian)(xian)酌奠也(ye)(ye)”者,《小宰》注(zhu)云(yun),亦谓(wei)祭之(zhi)(zhi),啐(cui)之(zhi)(zhi),奠之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)尸(shi)(shi)不饮(yin),故云(yun)奠之(zhi)(zhi)。按《司尊彝》注(zhu),谓(wei)始(shi)献(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)。《郊(jiao)特牲》注(zhu)云(yun)“始(shi)献(xian)(xian)神也(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)入献(xian)(xian)于尸(shi)(shi),故云(yun)献(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)二。灌(guan)主为降神,故云(yun)献(xian)(xian)神。三(san)注(zhu)虽曰(yue)不同,其(qi)(qi)义一(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“瓒如盘,其(qi)(qi)柄用圭,有流前注(zhu)”者,郑(zheng)注(zhu)《典(dian)瑞(rui)》引汉(han)礼,瓒盘大五升,口(kou)径八寸,下有盘口(kou),径一(yi)尺。言“有流前注(zhu)”者,案(an)下三(san)璋之(zhi)(zhi)勺鼻寸是也(ye)(ye)。言“前注(zhu)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)尸(shi)(shi)执之(zhi)(zhi)向外(wai),祭乃注(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)有流前注(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。

琬圭九寸而缫,以象德。(琬犹圜也。王使之瑞节也。诸侯有德,王命赐之,使者执琬圭以致命焉。缫,藉也。
  ○琬,於阮反。缫,音早(zao)。使,所吏反,下同。藉,慈夜反。)

[疏]“琬圭”至“象德”
  ○释曰:《典瑞》云:“琬圭以治德,以结好。”此不言结好,此文略。彼云治德,据使者而言。此言象德,据圭体而说。彼不言有缫,此言有缫,亦是互见为义。
  ○注“琬犹”至“藉也”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯有德,王(wang)命(ming)赐(ci)之,使(shi)(shi)者执(zhi)琬圭以(yi)致(zhi)命(ming)焉(yan)”者,若天王(wang)使(shi)(shi)毛伯来锡(xi)公命(ming)。《公羊》云(yun):“锡(xi)者何(he)(he)?赐(ci)也。命(ming)者何(he)(he)?加我服也。”是诸(zhu)侯有德,王(wang)使(shi)(shi)人赐(ci)命(ming)之事也。

琰圭九寸,判规,以除慝,以易行。(凡圭,琰上寸半。琰圭,琰半以上,又半为彖饰。诸侯有为不义,使者征之,执以为瑞节也。除慝,诛恶逆也。易行,去烦苛。
  ○琰(yan),馀冉反(fan)。慝,吐(tu)得反(fan)。易,以豉反(fan),又音亦,改也。行(xing),音下孟反(fan),注同。以上,时掌反(fan)。彖,直转反(fan)。去,起吕反(fan)。苛,音何。)

[疏]注“凡圭”至“烦苛”
  ○释(shi)曰:知(zhi)“凡圭(gui),琰上寸半(ban)”者,《礼(li)记·杂记》云。知(zhi)此(ci)“琰圭(gui),琰半(ban)以(yi)上,又(you)半(ban)为(wei)(wei)彖饰”者,以(yi)其言“判”,判,半(ban)也。又(you)云“规”,明半(ban)以(yi)上琰至首(shou),规半(ban)以(yi)下为(wei)(wei)彖饰可知(zhi)。云“诸侯有为(wei)(wei)不(bu)义,使者征之,执(zhi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)瑞(rui)(rui)节(jie)也”者,此(ci)释(shi)“除慝”,故引经文除慝,诛恶逆也。云“易(yi)行(xing),去(qu)(qu)烦(fan)苛”者,此(ci)非恶逆之事,直政教烦(fan)多而苛虐(nve),是诸侯行(xing)恶,故王使人执(zhi)之以(yi)为(wei)(wei)瑞(rui)(rui)节(jie),易(yi)去(qu)(qu)恶行(xing)。

璧羡度尺,好三寸,以为度。(郑司农云:“羡,径也。好,璧孔也。《尔雅》曰:‘肉倍好谓之璧,好倍肉谓之瑗,肉好若一谓之环。’”玄谓羡犹延,其袤一尺而广狭焉。
  ○羡,以(yi)善(shan)反,延也,又(you)音贱(jian),径也。好,呼(hu)报、呼(hu)老二(er)反,注同。肉(rou),柔又(you)、柔育二(er)反,下同。瑗(yuan),于眷反,刘于原反。袤(mao),音茂。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“狭焉”
  ○释曰(yue):引《尔雅》,欲(yu)见此(ci)(ci)璧(bi)好(hao)三(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),好(hao)即孔也(ye)(ye)。两(liang)畔肉各三(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),两(liang)畔共六寸(cun)(cun)(cun),是肉倍好(hao)也(ye)(ye)。後郑云“羡犹延,其袤一尺(chi)而广狭焉”者(zhe),是羡为不圜之(zhi)(zhi)貌,造此(ci)(ci)璧(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)时,应圜径(jing)九寸(cun)(cun)(cun)。今减广一寸(cun)(cun)(cun),以益上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)袤一寸(cun)(cun)(cun),则上下(xia)一尺(chi),广八(ba)(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),故云其袤一尺(chi)而广狭焉。狭焉,谓八(ba)(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)。以为度者(zhe),天子以为量物之(zhi)(zhi)度也(ye)(ye)。

圭(gui)璧五寸,以(yi)祀日月(yue)星辰。(礼(li)其(qi)神也。圭(gui),其(qi)邸为璧,取杀(sha)於上(shang)帝。)

[疏]注“礼其”至“上帝”
  ○释曰(yue):此圭(gui)璧(bi)(bi),谓以(yi)璧(bi)(bi)为(wei)邸,旁有一圭(gui),故云(yun)“圭(gui),其邸为(wei)璧(bi)(bi)”也(ye)。云(yun)“取杀於(wu)上(shang)帝”者(zhe),按(an)上(shang)文四圭(gui)以(yi)祀(si)天(tian)。此日月星辰为(wei)天(tian)之佐,故一圭(gui),是取杀於(wu)上(shang)帝也(ye)。按(an)《典瑞》云(yun):“两圭(gui)有邸,以(yi)祀(si)地。璋(zhang)邸射,以(yi)祀(si)山川。”彼山川亦(yi)取杀於(wu)地,此不言者(zhe),文略。彼又有珍圭(gui)牙(ya)璋(zhang),此不言者(zhe),亦(yi)是文略,并玉(yu)人造之可知。

璧琮九寸,诸侯以享天子。(享,献也。《聘礼》,享君以璧,享夫人以琮。
  ○琮,才宗反。)

[疏]注“享献”至“以琮”
  ○释曰:按《小行人》,二王(wang)後享天(tian)子及后用(yong)圭璋,则(ze)此璧琮九寸,据上公(gong)。引(yin)《聘礼》者,欲(yu)见经(jing)云享天(tian)子用(yong)璧,享后用(yong)琮,此据上公(gong)九命(ming)。若侯伯当七寸,子男当五寸。

圭七(qi)寸(cun),天子以聘女。(纳徵加於束(shu)帛。)

[疏]注“纳徵加於束帛”
  ○释(shi)曰:自士(shi)已上,皆用玄(xuan)束帛(bo),但天子加以圭(gui),诸侯加以大璋(zhang)也(ye)。

大璋、中璋九寸,边璋七寸,射四寸,厚寸,黄金勺,青金外,朱中,鼻寸,衡四寸,有缫,天子以巡守,宗祝以前马。(射,琰出者也。勺,故书或作“约”,杜子春云:“当为勺,谓酒尊中勺也。”郑司农云:“鼻,谓勺龙头鼻也。衡,谓勺柄龙头也。”玄谓鼻,勺流也。凡流皆为龙口也。衡,古文,假借字也。衡谓勺径也。三璋之勺,形如圭瓒。天子巡守,有事山川,则用灌焉。於大山川,则用大璋,加文饰也。於中山川,用中璋,杀文饰也。於小山川,用边璋,半文饰也。其祈沈以马,宗祝亦执勺以先之。礼,王过大山川,则大祝用事焉。将有事於四海山川,则校人饰黄驹。
  ○射,食(shi)亦反。注(zhu)(zhu)及下(xia)注(zhu)(zhu)同。勺(shao),上灼(zhuo)反,注(zhu)(zhu)同。衡,音横,注(zhu)(zhu)“衡谓”并同。祈沈(shen),如(ru)字。刘(liu)居绮反,《小尔(er)雅》曰(yue):“祭(ji)山川(chuan)曰(yue)祈。”沈(shen)按《尔(er)雅》“祭(ji)山曰(yue)县,祭(ji)川(chuan)日浮(fu)”,沈(shen)祈音九委反,今(jin)读宜依(yi)《尔(er)雅》音。大祝(zhu),音泰。校,户教反。)

[疏]“大璋”至“前马”
  ○释曰:此经说王巡守、出行、过山川礼敬之事。三璋据为勺柄,黄金勺以下据为勺头。
  ○注“射琰”至“黄驹”
  ○释曰:“射,琰(yan)出者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),向上谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)出,谓(wei)琰(yan)半(ban)(ban)已(yi)上,其(qi)半(ban)(ban)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)为(wei)文(wen)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)郑云“鼻,谓(wei)勺(shao)龙头鼻”,後郑增成(cheng)其(qi)义。“衡,谓(wei)勺(shao)炳龙头”,後郑不从。玄(xuan)谓(wei)衡,古文(wen)为(wei)横(heng),谓(wei)勺(shao)径(jing)(jing),破先(xian)(xian)郑为(wei)勺(shao)柄(bing)。云“三(san)璋之(zhi)(zhi)勺(shao),形如圭瓒”者(zhe)(zhe),圭瓒之(zhi)(zhi)形,前(qian)注已(yi)引汉礼,但(dan)彼口径(jing)(jing)八寸,下(xia)(xia)有盘径(jing)(jing)一尺。此径(jing)(jing)四寸,径(jing)(jing)既倍狭,明所容(rong)亦(yi)少,但(dan)形状(zhuang)相似耳(er)。故云形如圭瓒也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)用(yong)灌(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)圭瓒灌(guan)宗庙(miao),明此巡守过山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)用(yong)灌(guan)可知(zhi)。“於(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)至“半(ban)(ban)文(wen)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)”,皆无正文(wen),郑君以(yi)意解之(zhi)(zhi)。云“祈沈以(yi)马”者(zhe)(zhe),取校人(ren)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)黄(huang)(huang)驹(ju)(ju)(ju),故知(zhi)马也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)“宗祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)执勺(shao)以(yi)先(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),即引《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)职(zhi)》云“王过大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan),则大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)事焉(yan)”。是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)此经黄(huang)(huang)金(jin)勺(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。云“将有事于四海(hai)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan),则校人(ren)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)黄(huang)(huang)驹(ju)(ju)(ju)”者(zhe)(zhe),《校人(ren)职(zhi)》文(wen)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),见礼山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)非直灌(guan),亦(yi)有牲牢。以(yi)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)地神,故用(yong)黄(huang)(huang)驹(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)职(zhi)》云:“王过大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)事。”不言中山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)、小山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),举大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)而(er)言,或使小祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

大(da)璋亦如(ru)之(zhi),诸侯以聘女。(亦纳徵加於束帛(bo)也(ye)。大(da)璋者(zhe),以大(da)璋之(zhi)文饰之(zhi)也(ye)。亦如(ru)之(zhi)者(zhe),如(ru)边璋七寸,射四(si)寸。)

[疏]注“亦纳”至“四寸”
  ○释曰:郑知“以大璋(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)文饰之(zhi)(zhi)”者,以其与上(shang)大璋(zhang)同名(ming),明(ming)以大璋(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)文饰之(zhi)(zhi)也。又知“如(ru)(ru)(ru)边(bian)璋(zhang)七寸(cun),射四寸(cun)”者,以其天子(zi)圭七寸(cun)以聘女,诸侯不(bu)可过於天子(zi)为(wei)九寸(cun)。既文承(cheng)边(bian)璋(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)下,而言“亦(yi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)”,明(ming)知如(ru)(ru)(ru)边(bian)璋(zhang)七寸(cun),射四寸(cun)也。

彖圭璋八寸,璧琮八寸,以┹聘。(彖,文饰也。┹,视也。聘,问也。众来曰┹,特来曰聘。《聘礼》曰:“凡四器者,唯其所宝,以聘可也。”
  ○┹,吐吊反。)

[疏]“彖圭”至“┹聘”
  ○释曰:此谓上公之臣,执以┹聘用圭璋,享用璧琮於天子及后也。若两诸侯自相聘,亦执之。侯伯之臣宜六寸,子男之臣宜四寸。
  ○注“彖圭”至“可也”
  ○释曰(yue):云“彖(tuan),文饰(shi)也”者(zhe),凡诸侯之(zhi)臣(chen)┹聘(pin)(pin),并不(bu)得执君之(zhi)桓(huan)圭(gui)、信圭(gui)之(zhi)等,直彖(tuan)为文饰(shi)耳。云“┹,视也。聘(pin)(pin),问也”者(zhe),按(an)《大宗(zong)伯》云:“时(shi)聘(pin)(pin)曰(yue)问,殷(yin)┹曰(yue)视。”故据彼而言也。云“众(zhong)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)曰(yue)┹,特来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)曰(yue)聘(pin)(pin)”者(zhe),众(zhong)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)则元(yuan)年、七年、十一年,一服朝之(zhi)岁来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)者(zhe)众(zhong)也。特来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)则天子有(you)事乃来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),无常期者(zhe)是也。引《聘(pin)(pin)礼》者(zhe),彼亦云圭(gui)、璋、璧、琮四器(qi),故引以为证(zheng)。云“所宝”,谓(wei)不(bu)聘(pin)(pin)时(shi)宝之(zhi)。

牙璋、中璋七寸,射二寸,厚寸,以起军旅,以治兵守。(二璋皆有Θ牙之饰於琰侧。先言牙璋,有文饰也。
  ○Θ,刘、李恻鱼(yu)反,沈徐加反。)

[疏]注“二璋”至“饰也”
  ○释曰:牙(ya)(ya)璋(zhang)起(qi)军旅(lv),治兵守,正与(yu)《典瑞(rui)》文(wen)(wen)同。彼无中(zhong)璋(zhang)者(zhe),以其大小等(deng),故不见(jian)也。牙(ya)(ya)璋(zhang)起(qi)军旅(lv),则中(zhong)璋(zhang)亦(yi)起(qi)军旅(lv)。二璋(zhang)盖军多(duo)用牙(ya)(ya)璋(zhang),军少(shao)用中(zhong)璋(zhang)。郑知二璋(zhang)皆为Θ牙(ya)(ya)之饰者(zhe),以其同起(qi)军旅(lv),又以牙(ya)(ya)璋(zhang)为首,故知中(zhong)璋(zhang)亦(yi)有Θ牙(ya)(ya)。但牙(ya)(ya)璋(zhang)文(wen)(wen)饰多(duo),故得牙(ya)(ya)名而先言也。

驵琮五寸,宗后以为权。(“驵”读为“组”,以组系之,因名焉。郑司农云:“以为称锤,以起量。”
  ○驵,音祖。称(cheng),尺正(zheng)反(fan)。锤,直伪反(fan),刘(liu),直危反(fan)。)

[疏]“驵琮”至“为权”
  ○释曰:此后所用,故五寸,降於下文天子所用七寸者也。
  ○注“驵读”至“起量”
  ○释曰:“驵读为(wei)组(zu)(zu)”者(zhe),於义无取於驵,故从组(zu)(zu),以(yi)其(qi)用组(zu)(zu)为(wei)系(xi)。言“因(yin)名(ming)(ming)焉”者(zhe),以(yi)组(zu)(zu)为(wei)系(xi),名(ming)(ming)组(zu)(zu)综,似以(yi)玉(yu)饰豆(dou),即(ji)名(ming)(ming)玉(yu)豆(dou)其(qi)类也。先(xian)郑云(yun)“以(yi)为(wei)称锤,以(yi)起量(liang)(liang)”者(zhe),量(liang)(liang)自是升(sheng)斛(hu)之(zhi)名(ming)(ming),而云(yun)为(wei)量(liang)(liang)者(zhe),对文(wen),量(liang)(liang)衡异;散文(wen),衡亦(yi)得(de)为(wei)量(liang)(liang),以(yi)其(qi)量(liang)(liang)轻重故也。

大(da)琮(cong)十有二(er)寸(cun)(cun),射四寸(cun)(cun),厚(hou)寸(cun)(cun),是谓内镇(zhen)(zhen),宗后守之。(如(ru)王之镇(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)也。射,其外(wai)Θ牙。)

[疏]注“如王”至“Θ牙”
  ○释曰:言(yan)(yan)(yan)“大琮(cong)”者,对(dui)上“驵琮(cong)五寸(cun)”为(wei)大也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“十(shi)有二(er)寸(cun)”者,并角(jiao)径之为(wei)尺二(er)寸(cun)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“射(she)四寸(cun)”者,据(ju)角(jiao)各(ge)出(chu)二(er)寸(cun),两相并,四寸(cun)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“是谓内(nei)(nei)镇”者,对(dui)天子(zi)执镇圭(gui)为(wei)内(nei)(nei),谓若(ruo)内(nei)(nei)宰(zai)对(dui)大宰(zai)为(wei)内(nei)(nei),内(nei)(nei)司(si)服(fu)对(dui)司(si)服(fu)为(wei)内(nei)(nei)。王不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)外者,男子(zi)居外,是其常。但妇人阴,则得内(nei)(nei)称也(ye)。云“射(she),其外Θ牙(ya)”者,据(ju)八角(jiao)锋(feng),故云Θ牙(ya)也(ye)。

驵琮七(qi)寸,鼻寸有(you)半(ban)寸,天子以为(wei)权。(郑司农云:“以为(wei)权,故(gu)有(you)鼻也。”)

[疏]“驵琮”至“为权”
  ○释(shi)曰:此天子以为权(quan),故有鼻(bi)。上(shang)后权(quan)不(bu)言(yan)鼻(bi)者,举以见后亦有鼻(bi)可知。

两圭五寸,有邸,以祀地,以旅四望。(邸谓之柢。有邸,亻舜共本也。
  ○柢,音帝,刘作互,户古反。亻舜,昌绢反。)

[疏]“两圭”至“四望”
  ○释曰:此亦依《典瑞》所解,谓祀(si)神州之神於(wu)北(bei)郊,及国有(you)故(gu),旅(lv)祭四(si)望,以对(dui)四(si)圭有(you)邸祀(si)天(tian)及旅(lv)上帝也(ye)。若天(tian)地自用黄琮。云“亻(ren)舜共本也(ye)”者(zhe),亦一玉俱成两圭,足相(xiang)对(dui)为亻(ren)舜也(ye)。

彖琮八寸,诸侯以享夫人(ren)。(献(xian)於所朝聘君之(zhi)夫人(ren)也。)

[疏]“彖琮”至“夫人”
  ○释曰:言(yan)“以享(xiang)夫人”,则是(shi)诸侯自(zi)(zi)相(xiang)朝(chao),所用致享(xiang)者也。五等诸侯朝(chao)天子,享(xiang)用璧(bi)(bi)琮,不降瑞(rui)。若(ruo)自(zi)(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang),降瑞(rui)一(yi)等。此八寸(cun)据上公、二王(wang)後自(zi)(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang),亦(yi)用璧(bi)(bi)琮八寸(cun)。侯伯(bo)当六寸(cun)。子男自(zi)(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang)退用琥璜,降用四(si)寸(cun)。经言(yan)诸侯,正是(shi)朝(chao),注兼云聘者,其臣聘,彖圭璋璧(bi)(bi)琮亦(yi)皆降一(yi)等,与君寸(cun)数同(tong),故兼言(yan)聘也。此经直言(yan)彖琮,不言(yan)彖璧(bi)(bi)以享(xiang)君,文略可知(zhi)也。

案十有二寸,枣十有二列,诸侯纯九,大夫纯五,夫人以劳诸侯。(纯犹皆也。郑司农云:“案,玉案也。夫人,天子夫人。”玄谓案,玉饰案也。夫人,王后也。记时诸侯僭称王,而夫人之号不别,是以同王后於夫人也。玉案十二以为列,王后劳朝诸侯皆九列,聘大夫皆五列,则十有二列者,劳二王之後也。枣实於器,乃如於案。《聘礼》曰:“夫人使下大夫劳以二竹簋方,玄被里,有盖,其实枣择,兼执之以进。”
  ○劳,力报反(fan),注同(tong)。被,皮(pi)寄反(fan)。)

[疏]“案十”至“诸侯”
  ○释曰:“案十有二寸”者,谓玉案十有二枚。云“枣栗十有二列”,案案皆有枣栗,为列十有二者,还据案十二为数,不谓一案之上十有二也。
  ○注“纯犹”至“以进”
  ○释(shi)曰:先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),天子(zi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”後郑不从者(zhe)(zhe),劳(lao)(lao)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)王(wang)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu),岂不见后(hou),先(xian)见三夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乎?故不从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓案,玉饰案也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其在《玉人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》,故知以(yi)(yi)玉饰案也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“记(ji)时诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)僭称王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe),春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,吴(wu)、楚及(ji)越僭号称王(wang),而吴(wu)、楚夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不称后(hou),是夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号不别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“是以(yi)(yi)同王(wang)后(hou)于夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),周王(wang)与吴(wu)、楚同号王(wang),故周王(wang)后(hou)号亦下(xia)(xia)同吴(wu)、楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“案十(shi)有(you)二(er)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)列(lie)(lie)”者(zhe)(zhe),微(wei)破(po)贾、马以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)十(shi)二(er)列(lie)(lie)比《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》“醯醢夹(jia)碑百瓮(weng),十(shi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)列(lie)(lie)”。云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)后(hou)劳(lao)(lao)朝诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)皆(jie)九(jiu)列(lie)(lie),聘(pin)(pin)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆(jie)五列(lie)(lie),则(ze)十(shi)二(er)列(lie)(lie),劳(lao)(lao)二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其经“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)劳(lao)(lao)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)”,文在下(xia)(xia),总(zong)结上文三者(zhe)(zhe),故以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义推量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“枣实于器,乃加於案”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)约《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》,故即引《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》为(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》“五介入(ru)境张旃”,是侯(hou)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)聘(pin)(pin)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而主(zhu)国夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)使下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劳(lao)(lao)宾以(yi)(yi)二(er)竹簋(gui)方(fang)者(zhe)(zhe),簋(gui)法圆今,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)竹簋(gui)方(fang)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)或(huo)枣宾与黍稷簋(gui)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄被”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)玄缯为(wei)(wei)表。彼《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)使下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劳(lao)(lao),无案,直有(you)枣栗。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)劳(lao)(lao)有(you)枣栗,又亦有(you)案。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)枣栗亦盛(sheng)於竹簋(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

璋邸射,素功,以祀山川,以致稍饩。(邸射,剡而出也。致稍饩,造宾客纳禀食也。郑司农云:“素功,无彖饰也。”饩或作气,杜子春云:“当为饩。”
  ○造,七报反(fan)。)

[疏]注“邸射”至“为饩”
  ○释曰(yue):云“以(yi)祀山(shan)川”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)四望(wang)之外,所有山(shan)川皆是(shi)。云“邸射,剡而出(chu)也”者(zhe)(zhe),向(xiang)上谓(wei)之出(chu)。半圭曰(yue)璋,璋首邪却(que)之。今於邪却(que)之处,从下向(xiang)上总(zong)邪却(que)之,名为剡而出(chu)。云“致(zhi)稍饩,造宾(bin)客纳禀食也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)宾(bin)客在(zai)馆,主君使人造宾(bin)客纳禀食,禀食则米者(zhe)(zhe)也。以(yi)其经云稍饩,稍稍致(zhi)之,是(shi)食米曰(yue)禀者(zhe)(zhe)也。

ω人。(阙。
  ○ω,庄密反,本或作(zuo)栉。)

雕人。(阙。
  ○雕,音,本亦作(zuo)。)

磬氏为磬,倨句一矩有半。(必先度一矩为句,一矩为股,而求其弦。既而以一矩有半触其弦,则磬之倨句也。磬之制有大小,此假矩以定倨句,非用其度耳。
  ○倨,音据(ju)。句,沈音钩,注同,刘(liu)如字。先度,待洛反(fan)。)

[疏]注“必先”至“度耳”
  ○释曰:郑云“必先(xian)度(du)一(yi)矩(ju)为句(ju)(ju)”者(zhe),据(ju)上曲者(zhe),一(yi)矩(ju)为股(gu)。据(ju)下直(zhi)者(zhe),而求其(qi)弦者(zhe),弦谓(wei)两头相望者(zhe)。云“既而以一(yi)矩(ju)有(you)(you)半触其(qi)弦”者(zhe),假(jia)令句(ju)(ju)股(gu)各一(yi)尺(chi),今以一(yi)尺(chi)五寸触两弦,其(qi)句(ju)(ju)股(gu)之形即磬之倨(ju)句(ju)(ju)折杀也。云“磬之制有(you)(you)大小(xiao)”者(zhe),按《乐》云:“磬前长三律(lv),二(er)尺(chi)七寸。後长二(er)律(lv),尺(chi)八寸。”是磬有(you)(you)大小(xiao)之制也。云“此(ci)假(jia)矩(ju)以定倨(ju)句(ju)(ju),非用其(qi)度(du)耳”者(zhe),谓(wei)此(ci)经(jing)倨(ju)句(ju)(ju)各一(yi)矩(ju),并一(yi)矩(ju)有(you)(you)半,皆(jie)假(jia)设言之,以定倨(ju)句(ju)(ju)。及其(qi)作磬,非用此(ci)度(du),自依律(lv)长短(duan)为之也。

其博(bo)(bo)为一(博(bo)(bo)谓股博(bo)(bo)也。博(bo)(bo),广(guang)也。)

[疏]注“博谓”至“广也”
  ○释曰:郑知(zhi)此(ci)博(bo)是(shi)股广在上(shang)者,以(yi)其下文因此(ci)博(bo)而云“股为二”,明此(ci)博(bo)即(ji)股广也(ye)。此(ci)上(shang)下云一、二、三者,此(ci)亦假一、二、三而为长短广狭(xia),故不言(yan)尺寸也(ye)。

股为二,鼓为三。参分其股博,去一以为鼓博;参分其鼓博,以其一为之厚。(郑司农云:“股,磬之上大者。鼓,其下小者,所当击者也。”玄谓股外面,鼓内面也。假令磬股广四寸半者,股长九寸也,鼓广三寸,长尺三寸半,厚一寸。
  ○去,起吕反(fan)。令(ling),力呈反(fan),後皆(jie)同。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“一寸”
  ○释曰:先郑云(yun)“股(gu),磬之上(shang)大者(zhe)(zhe)。鼓(gu),其下小(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)”,以(yi)其股(gu)面(mian)广,鼓(gu)面(mian)狭,故以(yi)大小(xiao)而言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓股(gu)外面(mian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其在上(shang),故以(yi)为(wei)外。“鼓(gu)内(nei)面(mian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其在下,故以(yi)为(wei)内(nei)。言(yan)“假令”者(zhe)(zhe),经直(zhi)言(yan)一(yi)、二(er)、三,不定尺寸,是假设之言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)定尺寸,自当(dang)依律为(wei)短长也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)四寸半为(wei)法者(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)取从此(ci)已下为(wei)易计,非(fei)实法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

已上则摩其旁,(郑司农云:“磬声大上,则摩钅虑其旁。”玄谓大上,声清也。薄而广则浊。
  ○已(yi)上,时(shi)掌反,注同。大,音泰,刘它贺反,下(xia)同。钅虑(lv)(lv),音虑(lv)(lv)。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“则浊”
  ○释曰:先郑(zheng)直云“摩钅虑其旁”,不言处所(suo),故後郑(zheng)增成之。凡乐(le)器,厚则(ze)(ze)(ze)声(sheng)(sheng)清,薄(bo)(bo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)声(sheng)(sheng)浊,今大上,是(shi)声(sheng)(sheng)清,故摩使薄(bo)(bo),薄(bo)(bo)而(er)广则(ze)(ze)(ze)浊也(ye)。

已下则摩其。(大下,声浊也。短而厚则清。
  ○,音端(duan),刘又音穿(chuan),本或(huo)作端(duan)。)

[疏]注“大下”至“则清”
  ○释(shi)曰:此声(sheng)浊由薄,薄不(bu)可使(shi)厚(hou),故摩使(shi)短,短则形小,形小则厚(hou),厚(hou)则声(sheng)清(qing)也。

矢人为矢,钅侯矢参分,矢参分,一在前,二在後。(参订之而平者,前有铁重也。《司弓矢职》当为杀。郑司农云:“一在前,谓箭中铁茎居参分杀一以前。”
  ○钅侯(hou)矢,音侯(hou),刘(liu)音侯(hou)。,音杀,色黠反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘(liu)色例(li)反(fan)(fan)(fan),李(li)音拂。订,音亭,刘(liu)当定反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,古老反(fan)(fan)(fan),下同。)

[疏]注“参订”至“以前”
  ○释(shi)曰:云“参(can)订(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)平”者(zhe),以其言(yan)参(can)分(fen),一(yi)(yi)在前(qian)(qian)(qian),二在後,明(ming)据称量得订(ding)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),云“前(qian)(qian)(qian)有铁(tie)重也(ye)”者(zhe),若不(bu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)铁(tie)重,何以参(can)分(fen)得订(ding)也(ye)。引《司弓矢职》者(zhe),彼钅侯(hou)矢与杀(sha)(sha)矢相(xiang)对(dui),矢自(zi)与矢相(xiang)对(dui)。此上既(ji)言(yan)钅侯(hou)矢,明(ming)下(xia)宜有杀(sha)(sha)矢对(dui)之(zhi)(zhi),故破此为杀(sha)(sha)也(ye)。先郑(zheng)云“一(yi)(yi)在前(qian)(qian)(qian),谓箭中(zhong)铁(tie)茎(jing)居参(can)分(fen)杀(sha)(sha)一(yi)(yi)以前(qian)(qian)(qian)”者(zhe),後郑(zheng)意,直据近(jin)镞(zu)铁(tie)多(duo),先郑(zheng)据长(zhang)短,又(you)以参(can)分(fen)杀(sha)(sha)一(yi)(yi),近(jin)镞(zu)宜细(xi),以其镞(zu)长(zhang),近(jin)镞(zu)虽杀(sha)(sha)犹重,与後郑(zheng)义合(he),故引之(zhi)(zhi)在下(xia)也(ye)。

兵矢、田矢五分,二在前,三在後。(铁差短小也。兵矢,谓枉矢、矢也。此一矢亦可以田。田矢,谓矢。
  ○,苦结反,又(you)音结。,音增。)

[疏]注“铁差”至“矢”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“铁(tie)差短小也”者,前(qian)(qian)参分(fen)一(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)得订(ding),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五分(fen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)得订(ding),故知铁(tie)差短小也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也”者,以(yi)(yi)《司(si)弓矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》参之(zhi)(zhi),下有(you)七分(fen),当矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五分(fen),当枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者,依《郑(zheng)志》。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),非谓(wei)(wei)(wei)经中田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),正(zheng)是(shi)下文七分(fen)者。若(ruo)然,既非经之(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),郑(zheng)言之(zhi)(zhi)者,欲见矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),若(ruo)然,经枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非直(zhi)为兵矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),亦将田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也。按(an)(an)《郑(zheng)志》,赵商(shang)问:“《司(si)弓矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘凡矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)制,矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)属七分(fen),三在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),四在(zai)(zai)(zai)後。’按(an)(an)《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人职(zhi)》曰(yue):‘田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五分(fen),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),三在(zai)(zai)(zai)後。’注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。’数不当应,不知所(suo)裁。”答曰(yue):“‘田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)先定,後云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)’。顷若(ruo)少疾(ji),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)疏初在(zai)(zai)(zai)箧笥之(zhi)(zhi)间,属录事(shi)得之(zhi)(zhi),谨答。”若(ruo)然,郑(zheng)君本意,以(yi)(yi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),非经田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),自是(shi)寻(xun)常(chang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”,解经田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),非直(zhi)为兵矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)者亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,按(an)(an)《司(si)弓矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》,枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言利诸田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie),矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)言弋射,不言田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者,弋射即是(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)也。按(an)(an)《司(si)弓矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》,枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),後乃云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)钅(jin)(jin)侯矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杀矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人》先言钅(jin)(jin)侯矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杀矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者,彼据(ju)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)重者为先,以(yi)(yi)其枉(wang)(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)诸战伐(fa)是(shi)重,故在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)铁(tie)轻重,重者在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),故不同也。

杀矢七分,三在前,四在後。(铁又差短小也。《司弓矢职》“杀”当为“”。
  ○杀,依注为,刘符(fu)弗反,李音拂。)

[疏]注“铁又”至“为”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):上经已破“”当为杀(sha),此(ci)杀(sha)固(gu)宜为,与矢同(tong)七(qi)分(fen)(fen),故(gu)亦(yi)引《司弓矢》证之也(ye)。此(ci)经直(zhi)言矢,不(bu)言矢者(zhe),以其与矢同(tong)制,故(gu)略(lve)而不(bu)言也(ye)。言“铁又差(cha)短小也(ye)”者(zhe),以其前(qian)五分(fen)(fen)二在(zai)前(qian),此(ci)七(qi)分(fen)(fen)三(san)在(zai)前(qian),是差(cha)短小也(ye)。

参分其长而杀其一,(矢长三尺,杀其前一尺,令趣镞也。
  ○杀,本又作<杀闪>,色界(jie)反,注下皆同。趣(qu),七喻反,一音促。镞,子(zi)木(mu)反,或(huo)七木(mu)反。)

[疏]注“矢”至“镞也”
  ○释曰:按《人》注:“矢服长(zhang)短之制,未闻。”今(jin)此注云“矢长(zhang)二尺(chi)”,彼(bi)以无正(zheng)文,故(gu)云未闻。此云三尺(chi)者(zhe),约(yue)羽(yu)六(liu)寸,逆差之,故(gu)知三尺(chi)也。

五分其长而羽其一,(羽者六寸。
  ○羽,于付反,注及下同。)以其厚为之羽深,(读为,谓矢,古文假借字。厚之数,未闻。
  ○,古老反,下相同。)水之以辨其阴阳,(辨犹正也。阴沈而阳浮。
  ○辨(bian),皮勉(mian)反(fan),刘方免反(fan)。)

[疏]注“辨犹”至“阳浮”
  ○释(shi)曰:就(jiu)其浮沈刻记之。

夹其阴阳以设其比,夹其比以设其羽,(夹其阴阳者,弓矢比在两旁,弩矢比在上下。设羽於四角。郑司农云:“比谓括也。”
  ○夹,古(gu)洽(qia)反(fan),刘古(gu)协反(fan)。比,毗(pi)志反(fan),下及注同。)

[疏]注“夹其”至“括也”
  ○释曰:云“弓(gong)(gong)矢(shi)比(bi)在(zai)(zai)两旁”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)弓(gong)(gong)竖用(yong)之(zhi),故(gu)比(bi)在(zai)(zai)之(zhi)两畔。云“弩(nu)矢(shi)比(bi)在(zai)(zai)上下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)弩(nu)弓(gong)(gong)横用(yong)之(zhi),故(gu)比(bi)在(zai)(zai)上下(xia)。云“设羽於四(si)角(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe),无问弓(gong)(gong)之(zhi)矢(shi),弩(nu)之(zhi)矢(shi),比(bi)在(zai)(zai)两旁上下(xia),皆设羽於四(si)角(jiao),同(tong)也(ye)。

参分其羽以设其刃,(刃二(er)寸。)

[疏]注“刃二寸”
  ○释曰:知“刃二(er)寸”者,以其(qi)言(yan)“参分其(qi)羽以设其(qi)刃”,不(bu)可参分取(qu)二(er)分,作四寸刃,明知参分取(qu)一,得二(er)寸为刃,故(gu)知刃二(er)寸。

则虽有疾风,亦弗之能惮矣。(故书“惮”或作“怛”。郑司农云:“读当为‘惮之以威’之惮,谓风不能惊惮箭也。”
  ○惮,音怛,都达反,李直旦反,注同,李又直丹反。)刃长寸,围寸,铤十之,重三垸。(刃长寸,脱“二”字。铤一尺。
  ○铤(ting),直顶(ding)反。垸,音丸。)

[疏]注“刃长”至“一尺”
  ○释(shi)曰:知(zhi)脱“二(er)”字(zi)者,据上参分其(qi)羽,以设其(qi)刃(ren),若刃(ren)一寸(cun),则羽三寸(cun),知(zhi)一尺(chi)五寸(cun),便大短,明(ming)知(zhi)脱“二(er)”字(zi)也(ye)。

前弱则亻免,後弱则翔,中弱则纡,中强则扬,羽丰则迟,羽杀则<走>。(言羽之病,使矢行不正。亻免,低也。翔,回顾也。纡,曲也。扬,飞也。丰,大也。<走>,旁掉也。
  ○<走>,音躁,子到反,旁掉也,沈又色到反。掉,徒吊反。)是故夹而摇之,以视其丰杀之节也;(今人以指夹矢扌舞卫是也。
  ○摇,本(ben)又作[A14W],羊招反。)

[疏]“是故”至“节也”
  ○释曰:上经陈羽(yu)失(shi)所,今此经说(shuo)知矢之羽(yu)病(bing)状,故云“夹而摇之,以(yi)视其丰杀之节也”。

桡之,以视其鸿杀之称也。(桡搦其。
  ○桡(rao),乃(nai)孝(xiao)反(fan)。称(cheng),尺证(zheng)反(fan)。搦(nuo),女角(jiao)反(fan)。)

[疏]“桡之”至“称也”
  ○释曰:此经说知(zhi)矢之病状。此言(yan)“鸿”,即上(shang)文(wen)“强”是(shi)也(ye)。此言(yan)“杀”,即上(shang)文(wen)“弱(ruo)”是(shi)也(ye)。

凡相,欲生而抟,同抟欲重,同重节欲疏,同疏欲。(相犹择也。生谓无瑕蠹也。抟读如“抟黍”之抟,谓圜也。郑司农云:“欲,欲其色如也。”
  ○相,息亮反(fan)(fan),注同。抟,徒丸(wan)反(fan)(fan)。蠹,丁故反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]注“相犹”至“也”
  ○释曰:云“生谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)瑕(xia)蠹(du)也”者(zhe)(zhe),直言“欲(yu)生”,於义无(wu)(wu)(wu)所取,故以无(wu)(wu)(wu)瑕(xia)蠹(du)解(jie)之。无(wu)(wu)(wu)瑕(xia),谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)异(yi)色(se)。无(wu)(wu)(wu)蠹(du),谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)蠹(du)孔(kong)也。云“抟读如抟黍之抟”者(zhe)(zhe),读如《尔雅·释鸟》,黄鸟,抟黍也。此取其抟圜之义。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云“欲(yu),欲(yu)其色(se)如也”者(zhe)(zhe),观经,义取坚实。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云色(se)如,即是(shi)坚实者(zhe)(zhe)。

陶人为,实二,厚半寸,唇寸。盆,实二,厚半寸,唇寸。甑,实二,厚半寸,唇寸,七穿。(量六斗四升曰。郑司农云:“,无底甑。”
  ○,鱼辇反(fan)(fan),又(you)音唁,刘(liu)鱼建(jian)反(fan)(fan),沈鱼偃反(fan)(fan),一音彦,甑也(ye)。,音辅。)

[疏]注“量六”至“底甑”
  ○释曰:六斗四升曰,昭三(san)年《左氏(shi)传》齐晏子辞。云“无底甑”者,对甑七穿(chuan),是有(you)底甑。

鬲,实五觳,厚半寸,唇寸庾,实二觳,厚半寸,唇寸。(郑司农云:“觳读为斛。觳受三斗,《聘礼记》有斛。”玄谓豆实三而成觳,则觳受斗二升。庾读如“请益与之庾”之庾。
  ○鬲实,音历。觳,音斛。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“之庾”
  ○释曰(yue):先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“觳(hu)读(du)(du)为斛(hu)(hu),觳(hu)受(shou)(shou)三斗(dou)(dou)(dou)”,又(you)引“《聘礼记(ji)》有(you)斛(hu)(hu)”者(zhe),按(an)下(xia)《<方(fang)瓦>人》“豆实(shi)三而成觳(hu)”,受(shou)(shou)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)升(sheng),有(you)成文(wen)。而先(xian)郑(zheng)读(du)(du)“觳(hu)”为“斛(hu)(hu)”,斛(hu)(hu)受(shou)(shou)十(shi)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“觳(hu)受(shou)(shou)三斗(dou)(dou)(dou)”,复引《聘礼记(ji)》有(you)斛(hu)(hu),其言(yan)自相(xiang)乱,後郑(zheng)皆不从之也。“玄谓豆实(shi)三而成觳(hu)”,出於下(xia)文(wen),引之破先(xian)郑(zheng)觳(hu)受(shou)(shou)三斗(dou)(dou)(dou)或(huo)十(shi)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)也。读(du)(du)“庾”为“请益与之庾”之庾者(zhe),读(du)(du)从《论(lun)语》孔子、冉(ran)有(you)辞。《小尔雅(ya)》“二(er)(er)升(sheng),二(er)(er)为豆,豆四(si)升(sheng),四(si)豆曰(yue)区,四(si)区曰(yue)釜,二(er)(er)釜有(you)半谓之庾”者(zhe),庾本有(you)二(er)(er)法,故(gu)《聘礼记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)六斗(dou)(dou)(dou)曰(yue){数}”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“今文(wen){数}为逾。”逾即庾也。按(an)昭(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)六年(nian),申(shen)丰云(yun)(yun)(yun)“粟五千庾”,杜注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“庾,十(shi)六斗(dou)(dou)(dou)。”以此知(zhi)庾有(you)二(er)(er)法也。

<方瓦>人为簋,实一觳,崇尺,厚半寸,唇寸,豆实三而成觳,崇尺。(崇,高也。豆实四升。
  ○<方瓦>,方往(wang)反。)

[疏]“<方瓦>人”至“崇尺”
  ○释曰(yue):祭(ji)(ji)宗庙皆用(yong)木簋(gui),今此(ci)用(yong)瓦(wa)簋(gui),据祭(ji)(ji)天地及外神(shen)尚(shang)质,器(qi)用(yong)陶匏之(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。注云“豆实四升(sheng)”者(zhe),晏子辞。按《易(yi)·损(sun)卦·彖》云:“二(er)簋(gui)可用(yong)享(xiang)。”四,以(yi)簋(gui)进黍稷於神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。初(chu)与(yu)二(er)直,其四与(yu)五承(cheng)上,故用(yong)二(er)簋(gui)。四,《巽(xun)》爻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《巽(xun)》为(wei)木。五,《离》爻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《离》为(wei)日。日体(ti)圜,木器(qi)而(er)(er)圜,簋(gui)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)知以(yi)木为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),宗庙用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。若祭(ji)(ji)天地外神(shen)等,则用(yong)瓦(wa)簋(gui),故《郊特(te)牲》云“扫地而(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji),於其质也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),器(qi)用(yong)陶匏,以(yi)象天地之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)”是其义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,簋(gui)法圆(yuan)。《舍人》注云:“方曰(yue),圆(yuan)曰(yue)簋(gui)。”注与(yu)此(ci)合。《孝经》云:“陈其簋(gui)。”注云“内圆(yuan)外方”者(zhe),彼发而(er)(er)言之(zhi)(zhi)。

凡陶<方瓦>之事,髻垦薜[B181]不入市。(为其不任用也。郑司农云:“髻读为刮。薜读为药黄檗之檗。[B181]读为剥。”玄谓髻读为月。垦,顿伤也。薜,破裂也。[B181],坟起不坚致也。
  ○髻(ji),音刮(gua)。垦,苦狠反(fan)。薜,卜革反(fan),刘薄(bo)反(fan),注同。[B181],音剥(bo),又音雹,或(huo)蒲到反(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)。任,音壬。月,刘音月,或(huo)五(wu)刮(gua)反(fan),一音兀,又五(wu)活反(fan)。坟,扶粉反(fan)。致,直吏反(fan)。)

[疏]注“为其”至“致也”
  ○释曰:先郑云“髻”读(du)为“刮”,刮是(shi)乱刮摩之(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)“不(bu)(bu)任用”理无(wu)所取(qu),故(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑不(bu)(bu)从。“薜”,读(du)为“药(yao)黄檗”之(zhi)檗,取(qu)音同。又以“[B181]”为“剥(bo)”者(zhe),凡为器,无(wu)剥(bo)破之(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑亦不(bu)(bu)从也(ye)(ye)。玄谓(wei)“髻”读(du)为“月(yue)”,月(yue),谓(wei)器不(bu)(bu)正,欹邪者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。

器中专,豆中县。(专读如“车辁”之辁。既拊泥而转其均,[A12G]专其侧,以拟度端其器也。县,县绳正豆之柄。
  ○中,丁仲反(fan),下同。专(zhuan),市专(zhuan)反(fan),注(zhu)辁同。县,音玄(xuan),後皆放(fang)此(ci)。拊,音附,又方附反(fan)。[A12G],音树,本又作树。亻(ren)疑,疑纪反(fan)。度,待洛(luo)反(fan)。)

[疏]注“专读”至“之柄”
  ○释曰:云“专(zhuan)读如车辁(quan)之辁(quan)”者,读从《杂(za)记》“载以(yi)辁(quan)车”之辁(quan),取音同也。云“[A12G]专(zhuan)其侧”者,按下(xia)文“专(zhuan)崇(chong)四(si)尺(chi)(chi)”,上下(xia)高四(si)尺(chi)(chi),无邪曲。转其均之时,当拟度此专(zhuan),宜与专(zhuan)相(xiang)应(ying),其器则正也。“豆中县”者,豆柄,中央把之者,长一尺(chi)(chi),宜上下(xia)直与县绳(sheng)相(xiang)应(ying),其豆则直。

专崇四尺,方四寸。(凡器高於此,则孚不能相胜。厚於此,则火气不交,因取式焉。
  ○孚,芳(fang)符反,又普回(hui)反。胜,音升。)

[疏]注“凡器”至“式焉”
  ○释(shi)曰:“高於此(ci)”,谓(wei)崇四(si)尺有馀(yu)也(ye)。“厚於此(ci)”,谓(wei)厚於此(ci)四(si)寸(cun),谓(wei)孚拊四(si)畔各一寸(cun)也(ye)。埒厚,火气(qi)不交(jiao),埒不孰则易破(po)者也(ye)。

梓人为┺ね。(乐器所县,横曰笋,植曰ね。郑司农云:“笋读为竹笋之笋。”
  ○{┺六},息允反,本又作笋。ね,音巨。植,直吏(li)反,又时(shi)力反。)

[疏]“梓人为┺ね”
  ○释曰:此文与下文为总目耳,故下文重说为┺ね之法也。
  ○注“乐器”至“之{┺六}”
  ○释曰(yue):乐器所(suo)县於┺ね者(zhe),谓锺、磬、者(zhe)也。先郑“┺”读为“竹(zhu)┺”之“┺”,┺,谓竹(zhu)初生,则(ze)醢(hai)人┺菹者(zhe)也。亦取音同也。

天下之大兽五:脂者,膏者,者,羽者,鳞者。(脂,牛羊属。膏,豕属。者,谓虎豹貔螭为兽浅毛者之属。羽,鸟属。鳞,龙蛇之属。
  ○,力果反(fan),下同。貔,音毗。螭,来知反(fan)。)

[疏]“天下”至“鳞者”
  ○释曰:此文亦与下为目,故下亦别列五者,所用不同也。
  ○注“脂牛”至“之属”
  ○释曰:知(zhi)“脂是牛羊(yang)属(shu),膏,豕属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),下云二者(zhe)(zhe)祭宗庙(miao)以为牲,故(gu)知(zhi)也(ye)。郑注《内则》云:“凝(ning)者(zhe)(zhe)曰脂,释者(zhe)(zhe)曰膏。”属(shu)者(zhe)(zhe),谓虎(hu)豹(bao)貔<豸离>浅毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)之属(shu)。按《月(yue)令·季夏》亦云:“其虫”,注云:“虎(hu)豹(bao)浅毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)。”“鳞,龙(long)蛇(she)(she)之属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),《月(yue)令·春》云“其虫鳞”,注云:“龙(long)蛇(she)(she)之属(shu)也(ye)。”

宗(zong)庙之(zhi)事,脂者、膏者以为牲;(致美味也(ye)。)

[疏]“宗庙”至“为牲”
  ○释曰:上总言(yan),於(wu)此已下别言(yan)之者,欲分别可为┺ね者也。

者、羽(yu)者、鳞者以为┺ね;(贵野声也(ye)。)

[疏]“者”至“┺ね”
  ○释曰:此(ci)三(san)者(zhe)以为(wei)┺ね,仍是总言(yan)可以为(wei)┺ね,以别於(wu)上云“为(wei)牲”者(zhe)耳。至下文,仍更简别可为(wei)笋,可为(wei)ね,二者(zhe)不同者(zhe)也。

外骨、内骨,行、仄行、连行、纡行,以{匈月}鸣者,以注鸣者,以旁鸣者,以翼鸣者,以股鸣者。以{匈月}鸣者,谓之小虫之属,以为雕琢。(刻画祭器,博庶物也。外骨,龟属。内骨,{敝虫}属。行,寅衍之属。仄行,蟹属。连行,鱼属。纡行,蛇属。ㄕ鸣,蛙黾属。注鸣,精列属。旁鸣,蜩属。翼鸣,发皇属。翼鸣,蚣胥动股属。{匈月},荣原属。
  ○,羌略(lve)反(fan),刘(liu)去逆反(fan)。仄,音(yin)(yin)侧。纡(yu),乙俱(ju)反(fan),李又香于(yu)反(fan)。ㄕ,音(yin)(yin)豆,颈也。注,陟又反(fan),刘(liu)都豆反(fan),一音(yin)(yin)之(zhi)树反(fan)。{匈(xiong)月}鸣(ming),本亦作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)骨(gu)(gu),又作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)[B109],于(yu)本作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)骨(gu)(gu),云(yun)敝屁属也,贾(jia)、马作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)胃(wei),贾(jia)云(yun):“灵,也。”郑云(yun):“荣原属也。”不(bu)知(zhi)荣原之(zhi)属以何鸣(ming),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)骨(gu)(gu)者,恐非也,沈云(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo){匈(xiong)月},为得亦所未详(xiang),聂音(yin)(yin)胃(wei),刘(liu)本作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo){匈(xiong)月},音(yin)(yin)卤。琢,丁角反(fan)。{敝虫},必(bi)灭反(fan),本又作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)鳖。寅衍,上(shang)羊忍反(fan),下如字(zi),《尔雅》云(yun):“寅衍入耳。”郭(guo)璞云(yun):“蚰蜓也。”按此虫能两头行(xing),是行(xing),刘(liu)云(yun)或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)衍蚓,衍,音(yin)(yin)延,今曲也。蛙,户娲反(fan)。黾,莫幸反(fan)。蜩,音(yin)(yin)条,蝉也。,五(wu)兮反(fan),又五(wu)历(li)反(fan),又五(wu)结(jie)反(fan)。蚣,息容(rong)反(fan)。胥,思(si)馀反(fan),又思(si)吕(lv)反(fan)。荣原,如字(zi),原亦作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)螈,音(yin)(yin)同,又五(wu)丸(wan)反(fan)。)

[疏]注“刻画”至“原属”
  ○释曰:上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)大鸟兽(shou),或(huo)为(wei)宗庙(miao)牲(sheng),或(huo)为(wei)┺ね设。今(jin)此(ci)更(geng)别言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“小虫(chong)(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)饰祭器者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)“纡(yu)行(xing)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),不能(neng)鸣(ming)(ming)者(zhe),据行(xing)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。自(zi)(zi)“ㄕ鸣(ming)(ming)”已下,能(neng)鸣(ming)(ming)者(zhe),据鸣(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)雕琢(zhuo)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)雕画(hua)及刻为(wei)琢(zhuo)饰者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)注(zhu)龟为(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)骨,{敝虫(chong)(chong)(chong)}为(wei)内(nei)骨,按《易·说卦》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“离为(wei)鳖(bie)(bie),为(wei)蟹,为(wei)龟”,注(zhu)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“骨在外(wai)(wai)(wai)”。与此(ci)注(zhu)违(wei)者(zhe),龟鳖(bie)(bie)皆(jie)外(wai)(wai)(wai)骨,但此(ci)经外(wai)(wai)(wai)骨内(nei)骨相对(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)鳖(bie)(bie)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有肉缘,故为(wei)内(nei)骨也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“行(xing),寅衍(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe),按《尔雅(ya)(ya)·释虫(chong)(chong)(chong)》“寅衍(yan)(yan),入耳。”按《方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“寅衍(yan)(yan)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“延两音,自(zi)(zi)关而(er)(er)东谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寅衍(yan)(yan)。”音引。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“仄行(xing),蟹属(shu)”者(zhe),今(jin)人(ren)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁蟹,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)侧行(xing)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“连(lian)行(xing),鱼(yu)属(shu)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)鱼(yu)唯行(xing)相随,故谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)连(lian)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“纡(yu)行(xing),蛇属(shu)”者(zhe),纡(yu),曲也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)蛇行(xing)屈曲,故谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纡(yu)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“ㄕ鸣(ming)(ming),蛙(wa)黾(min)属(shu)”者(zhe),蛙(wa)黾(min),即(ji)(ji)虾蟆(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。ㄕ,项也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)项中鸣(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“注(zhu)鸣(ming)(ming),精列(lie)(lie)属(shu)”者(zhe),按《释虫(chong)(chong)(chong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“蟋(xi)蟀,蛩。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“今(jin)促(cu)织也(ye)(ye)(ye),亦名青(qing)(qing){列(lie)(lie)虫(chong)(chong)(chong)}。”《方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》:“楚(chu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟋(xi)蟀,或(huo)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛩,南楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间或(huo)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)孙(sun)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“旁鸣(ming)(ming),蜩属(shu)”者(zhe),此(ci)即(ji)(ji)蝉也(ye)(ye)(ye),蝉鸣(ming)(ming)在胁。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“翼鸣(ming)(ming),发(fa)皇属(shu)”者(zhe),按《尔雅(ya)(ya)》:“,蟥(huang)并(bing)。”郭云(yun)(yun)(yun):“甲虫(chong)(chong)(chong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),大如虎(hu)豆,绿(lv)色,今(jin)江(jiang)东呼为(wei)黄并(bing)。”即(ji)(ji)此(ci)发(fa)皇也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“股鸣(ming)(ming),蚣胥动股属(shu)”者(zhe),《七月(yue)》诗云(yun)(yun)(yun):“五月(yue)斯螽动股。”陆(lu)机(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“幽(you)人(ren)州人(ren)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)箕,长(zhang)而(er)(er)青(qing)(qing)角,长(zhang)股,股鸣(ming)(ming)者(zhe)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“{匈月(yue)}鸣(ming)(ming),荣(rong)原属(shu)”者(zhe),此(ci)记本不同(tong),马融以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)胃鸣(ming)(ming),于宝本以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)骨鸣(ming)(ming)。胃在六府之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),其(qi)鸣(ming)(ming)又未可以(yi)(yi)(yi)骨,为(wei)状亦难信,皆(jie)不如作(zuo){匈月(yue)}鸣(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。扬雄以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)蛇医,或(huo)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荣(rong)原。

厚唇口,出目短耳,大胸後,大体短ㄕ,若是者谓之属,恒有力而不能走,其声大而宏。有力而不能走,则於任重宜;大声而宏,则於锺宜。若是者以为锺ね,是故击其所县,而由其ね鸣。(读为哨,颀小也。郑司农云:“宏读为纟延之,谓声音大也。由,若也。”
  ○,於检反。,所教(jiao)反,刘(liu)、李羊肖反。哨,音(yin)稍,刘(liu)、李音(yin)与耀同(tong),沈苏尧反。颀(qi)小,音(yin)倾,李一音(yin)恳。)

[疏]注“读”至“若也”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):云“读为哨(shao),颀(qi)小(xiao)也(ye)”者,哨(shao)与颀(qi),皆是少小(xiao)之(zhi)义,故云哨(shao)颀(qi)小(xiao)也(ye)。凡猛兽有力者,皆前(qian)粗後(hou)细,故云“大(da)胸後(hou)”。先郑读“宏”为“纟(mi)延(yan)”之(zhi),读从桓二年臧哀(ai)伯云“衡ヨ纟(mi)延(yan)”,取其(qi)音同耳。

锐喙决吻,数目<肩页>ㄕ,小体骞腹,若是者谓之羽属,恒无力而轻,其声清阳而远闻。无力而轻,则於任轻宜;其声清阳而远闻,於磬宜。若是者以为磬ね,故击其所县,而由其ね鸣。(吻,口卷也。<肩页>,长ㄕ貌。故书“<肩页>”或作“”。郑司农云:“读为‘[QODL]头无发’之[QODL]。”
  ○锐(rui)喙,况废(fei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)昌锐(rui)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。决,如(ru)字,又(you)(you)乌穴反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。吻,刘(liu)(liu)无(wu)愤反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),戚亡(wang)粉反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。数,刘(liu)(liu)音(yin)促,李粗角反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。<肩页>,苦(ku)颜(yan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)(you)楷田反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),李又(you)(you)古悭反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)(you)户吊反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。闻,音(yin)问,下同。卷,音(yin)权(quan)。,刘(liu)(liu)苦(ku)颜(yan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)(you)客田反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)工定反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),按《左(zuo)传》有华,音(yin)苦(ku)耕(geng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。[QODL],刘(liu)(liu)苦(ku)颜(yan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),吕、沈同云:“鬓秃(tu)也(ye)。”或若瞎反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)枯曷反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“锐喙”至“ね鸣”
  ○释曰:上既言锺ね,此说磬ね,磬轻於锺,故画鸟为饰。
  ○注“吻口”至“之[QODL]”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“吻,口卷(juan)”者,鸟乃喙(hui)长决(jue)物,食之(zhi)时(shi),则以(yi)(yi)近喙(hui)本决(jue),故云(yun)(yun)决(jue)吻。郑云(yun)(yun)吻,口卷(juan)也。云(yun)(yun)“<肩页>,长ㄕ貌(mao)”者,ㄕ,项也。谓长项貌(mao)。先郑云(yun)(yun)“读为(wei)(wei)[QODL]头无(wu)发之(zhi)[QODL]”者,时(shi)俗有以(yi)(yi)无(wu)发为(wei)(wei)[QODL],故读从(cong)之(zhi),亦取音同(tong)也。此(ci)是(shi)锺磬之(zhi)ね,不言钅(jin)薄(bo)ね,钅(jin)薄(bo)ね与锺同(tong),以(yi)(yi)其钅(jin)薄(bo)如锺而大,独在一(yi)ね为(wei)(wei)异耳。

小首而长,抟身而鸿,若是者谓之鳞属,以为┺。(抟,圜也。鸿,佣也。
  ○抟,徒(tu)丸(wan)反(fan)。佣,敕龙反(fan)。)

[疏]“小首”至“为┺”
  ○释曰:上(shang)论锺磬(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)ね用(yong)鸟(niao)兽(shou)不同,此(ci)论二者之(zhi)(zhi)笋同用(yong)龙(long)蛇鳞物为之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),故(gu)直云(yun)“为┺”,不别言锺之(zhi)(zhi)与磬(qing),欲见二者同也(ye)。

凡攫<杀闪>援{口}之类,必深其爪,出其目,作其鳞之而。(谓┺ね之兽也。深犹藏也。作犹起也。之而,颊<乞页>也。
  ○攫(jue),俱缚反(fan),旧居碧(bi)反(fan),李又(you)九夫反(fan)。<杀闪>,色(se)界反(fan),刘(liu)(liu)色(se)例(li)反(fan)。援,音(yin)袁。{口},音(yin)筮。颊<乞页(ye)>,许慎口忽反(fan),云(yun)秃也,刘(liu)(liu)九本(ben)反(fan),李又(you)其恳反(fan),一音(yin)苦纥反(fan),又(you)音(yin)混(hun)。)

[疏]“凡攫”至“之而”
  ○释曰:此及下经覆释上文锺ね之兽。云“攫<杀闪>”者,攫著则杀之。援揽则噬之。如此之类,“必藏其爪,出其目,又作其鳞之而”。鳞之而,谓动颊<乞页>,此皆可畏之貌。
  ○注“┺ね”至“<乞页>也”
  ○释(shi)曰:此说锺ね云(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)兽,不言(yan)┺。郑言(yan)┺者,┺ね相将之(zhi)(zhi)物,故连言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)“鳞之(zhi)(zhi)而颊(jia)<乞(qi)页(ye)(ye)>也(ye)”者,旧读“<乞(qi)页(ye)(ye)>”字以沽罪反,谓起其(qi)颊(jia)<乞(qi)页(ye)(ye)>。刘炫(xuan)以为(wei)於义(yi)无所取,当(dang)为(wei)颊(jia)<乞(qi)页(ye)(ye)>(音壶。)读之(zhi)(zhi),於义(yi)为(wei)允也(ye)。

深其爪,出其目,作其麟之而,则於视必拨尔而怒。苟拨尔而怒,则於任重宜。且其匪色,必似鸣矣。(匪,采貌也。故书“拨”作“废”,“匪”作“飞”。郑司农云:“废读为拨,飞读为匪。以似为发。”
  ○拨,必(bi)末反,沈蒲末反。匪,芳(fang)鬼反,注下同。)

[疏]“深其”至“鸣矣”
  ○释曰(yue):此(ci)经重解上(shang)文之(zhi)义。郑云“匪(fei),采貌(mao)”者(zhe),以(yi)其以(yi)色配,匪(fei)明匪(fei)是采貌(mao)也。先郑云“以(yi)似为发(fa)”者(zhe),以(yi)似非真实,故为发(fa),发(fa),谓(wei)鸣声发(fa)谓(wei)者(zhe)也。

爪不深,目不出,鳞之而不作,则必尔如委矣。苟尔如委,则加任焉,则必如将废措,其匪色必似不鸣矣。(措犹顿也。故书“措”作“厝”,杜子春云:“当为措。”
  ○尔(er),如(ru)字,李汤过反。废措,七故(gu)反,注同(tong)。厝,刘(liu)音错,七洛反,又七故(gu)反。)

[疏]“爪不”至“鸣矣”
  ○释曰:此经(jing)说脂(zhi)者(zhe)、膏者(zhe),止可(ke)为牲,不可(ke)以(yi)为ね之(zhi)义(yi)也。子(zi)春从措(cuo)(cuo),不从厝(cuo)者(zhe),厝(cuo)置之(zhi)义(yi),非措(cuo)(cuo)顿,故从措(cuo)(cuo)也。

梓人为饮器,勺一升,爵一升,觚三升。献以爵而酬以觚,一献而三酬,则一豆矣。(勺,尊升也。觚、豆,字声之误,觚当为觯,豆当为斗。
  ○勺,上灼反,注(zhu)同。觚,依注(zhu)作(zuo)觯(zhi),之豉反,下同。豆(dou),依注(zhu)作(zuo)斗,旧音主亦多口反,下一“豆(dou)酒”同。觚豆(dou),音孤。)

[疏]注“勺尊”至“为斗”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):爵制,今(jin)《韩诗说》:“一(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵,二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觚(gu)(gu),三升(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觯(zhi)(zhi),四升(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)角(jiao)(jiao),五升(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)散(san)。”古《周(zhou)礼(li)说》亦(yi)与之(zhi)(zhi)同。谨按:《周(zhou)礼(li)》“一(yi)(yi)(yi)献三酬,当一(yi)(yi)(yi)豆(dou),即(ji)觚(gu)(gu)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng),不满(man)豆(dou)矣”。郑(zheng)(zheng)玄之(zhi)(zhi)云:“觯(zhi)(zhi)字(zi),角(jiao)(jiao)旁(pang)友,汝颍之(zhi)(zhi)间师(shi)读所作。今(jin)礼(li)角(jiao)(jiao)旁(pang)单,古书或(huo)作角(jiao)(jiao)旁(pang)氏。角(jiao)(jiao)旁(pang)氏则与觚(gu)(gu)字(zi)相近。学者多闻觚(gu)(gu),寡(gua)闻觚(gu)(gu),写此书乱之(zhi)(zhi)而作觚(gu)(gu)耳。又南(nan)郡太守马季长(zhang)说,一(yi)(yi)(yi)献而三酬则一(yi)(yi)(yi)豆(dou),豆(dou)当为(wei)斗,一(yi)(yi)(yi)爵三觯(zhi)(zhi)相近。”《礼(li)器制度》云:“觚(gu)(gu)大二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng),觯(zhi)(zhi)大三升(sheng)(sheng)。”是故郑(zheng)(zheng)从二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)觚(gu)(gu),三升(sheng)(sheng)觯(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)云“觚(gu)(gu)、豆(dou),字(zi)声之(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)”者,觯(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)为(wei)觚(gu)(gu),是字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)误(wu);斗字(zi)为(wei)豆(dou),是声之(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)。

食一豆肉,饮一豆酒,中人之食也。(一豆酒,又声之误,当为“斗”。)凡试梓,饮器乡衡而实不尽,梓师罪之。(郑司农云:“梓师罪也。衡谓麋衡也。《曲礼》‘执君器齐衡’。”玄谓衡,平也。平爵乡口酒不尽,则梓人之长罪於梓人焉。
  ○乡(xiang),许(xu)亮(liang)反(fan),注同。长,丁丈反(fan)。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“人焉”
  ○释曰(yue):先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“梓(zi)(zi)师(shi)(shi)罪(zui)也(ye)”者,谓梓(zi)(zi)师(shi)(shi)身(shen)自得(de)罪(zui)。後郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)者,梓(zi)(zi)师(shi)(shi)是梓(zi)(zi)官之(zhi)(zhi)长,不(bu)(bu)可自受罪(zui),故为梓(zi)(zi)师(shi)(shi)罪(zui)梓(zi)(zi)人也(ye)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“衡(heng)谓麋衡(heng)也(ye)”者,麋即眉也(ye)。但器有大小(xiao),不(bu)(bu)可据上畔与眉平(ping),故後郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)。据下畔,无问(wen)大小(xiao),皆得(de)平(ping)也(ye)。引《曲礼》者,彼衡(heng)谓与心平(ping),与此义(yi)异,引之(zhi)(zhi)者,虽於处(chu)不(bu)(bu)同,平(ping)义(yi)相似,故引之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

梓人为侯,广与崇方,参分其广而鹄居一焉。(崇,高也。方犹等也。高广等者,谓侯中也。天子射礼,以九为节,侯道九十弓,弓二寸以为侯中,高广等,则天子侯中丈八尺。诸侯於其国亦然。鹄,所射也。以皮为之,各如其侯也。居侯中参分之一,则此鹄方六尺。唯大射以皮饰侯。大射者,将祭之射也。其馀有宾射、燕射。
  ○参(can)分,方云反(fan),注(zhu)“参(can)分下身(shen)居一(yi)分”同。鹄,古笃反(fan),注(zhu)下同。射,食亦反(fan),下“射三(san)侯(hou)”,下文“射女”同。)

[疏]“梓人”至“一焉”
  ○释曰:礼射有三,有燕射、宾射、大射。大射,射鹄。宾射、燕射、射侯。法亦与此同。
  ○注“崇高”至“燕射”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“高(gao)广等(deng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun):“弓(gong)二寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)则身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)射(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)节(jie)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《射(she)(she)(she)人(ren)》及《乐师(shi)》皆云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《驺虞》九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)节(jie)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)道九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此约(yue)《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)》“大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)”,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)节(jie),亦(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)可知。云(yun)(yun)“弓(gong)二寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)记(ji)(ji)》文(wen)。乡(xiang)(xiang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五十(shi)(shi)弓(gong),弓(gong)二寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)一丈,则九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈八尺(chi)(chi)。云(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)於其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国亦(yi)然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi),糁侯(hou)(hou)(hou)七十(shi)(shi),犴侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五十(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但天(tian)子(zi)(zi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)无文(wen),约(yue)取畿外诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)有九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)、七十(shi)(shi)、五十(shi)(shi)弓(gong),今(jin)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)至尊为(wei)(wei)(wei)主,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“鹄(hu)(hu),所射(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《射(she)(she)(she)义》云(yun)(yun):“为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君鹄(hu)(hu)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)臣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣鹄(hu)(hu)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun):“循声(sheng)而(er)发(fa),发(fa)而(er)不(bu)失正(zheng)鹄(hu)(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)唯(wei)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乎,是(shi)(shi)(shi)所射(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou),谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮饰两畔,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鹄(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮亦(yi)与饰侯(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)皮同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓若虎(hu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虎(hu)皮饰侯(hou)(hou)(hou)侧(ce),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鹄(hu)(hu)亦(yi)用(yong)虎(hu)皮。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀熊豹麋(mi)等(deng)亦(yi)然。云(yun)(yun)“居侯(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)参(can)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)经“参(can)分其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)广而(er)鹄(hu)(hu)居一焉”。云(yun)(yun)“则此鹄(hu)(hu)方(fang)六尺(chi)(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)丈八尺(chi)(chi),三六十(shi)(shi)八,故(gu)知方(fang)六尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“唯(wei)大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮饰侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对宾(bin)(bin)射(she)(she)(she)射(she)(she)(she)正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五色饰侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧(ce)为(wei)(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)气也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she)射(she)(she)(she)兽侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)画云(yun)(yun)气,饰侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧(ce)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《射(she)(she)(she)义》说大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),云(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容体比於礼(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)节(jie)比於乐。而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得与於祭。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)将祭而(er)射(she)(she)(she),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀有宾(bin)(bin)射(she)(she)(she)、燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),礼(li)(li)射(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有此三也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宾(bin)(bin)射(she)(she)(she),《射(she)(she)(she)人(ren)》所掌是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she),《燕(yan)礼(li)(li)》所云(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)记(ji)(ji)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀更(geng)有乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she),不(bu)言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)射(she)(she)(she)采侯(hou)(hou)(hou),则亦(yi)宾(bin)(bin)射(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)不(bu)别言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

上两个,与其身三,下两个半之。(郑司农云:“两个,谓布可以维持侯者也。上方两枚,与身三,设身广一丈,两个各一丈,凡为三丈。下两个半之,傅地,故短也。”玄谓个读若“齐人[A13H]”之。上个、下个,皆谓舌也。身,躬也。《乡射礼记》曰:“倍中以为躬,倍躬以为左右舌,下舌半上舌。”然则九节之侯,身三丈六尺,上个七丈二尺,下个五丈四尺。其制,身夹中,个夹身,在上下各一幅。此侯凡用布三十六丈。言上个与其身三者,明身居一分,上个倍之耳,亦为下个半上个出也。个或谓之舌者,取其出而左右也。侯制上广下狭,盖取象於人也。张臂八尺,张足六尺,是取象率焉。
  ○两个,读为,古(gu)旦反,下及注同,李云大(da),郑依字。傅,音(yin)(yin)附。[A13H],乃(nai)答反。亦为,于(yu)伪反。率(lv),音(yin)(yin)类(lei),本又作类(lei),又音(yin)(yin)律。)

[疏]“上两”至“半之”
  ○释曰:此经云“身”,即中上布一幅者是也。上两个居二分,身居一分,故云“上两个与其身三”,谓三分如等也。云“下两个半之”者,谓半其出者也。一侯、二侯、三侯皆然,故不定侯名也。
  ○注“郑司”至“率焉”
  ○释(shi)曰:先郑意,身即与中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)一(yi),谓方丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)又加布(bu)一(yi)幅(fu),长三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),为(wei)(wei)两(liang)(liang)个(ge)。後(hou)郑不从(cong)者,侯(hou)(hou)有(you)中(zhong),有(you)躬(gong),有(you)个(ge)三(san)者,今先郑唯有(you)身,不见中(zhong),故不从(cong)之(zhi)也(ye)。“玄谓个(ge)[A13H]若(ruo)齐(qi)人[A13H]之(zhi)”者,读从(cong)《公羊传》“桓公朝齐(qi),齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)使公子彭生[A13H]而杀之(zhi)”。是为(wei)(wei)胁骨,故云胁之(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)个(ge)亦(yi)与侯(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei),故读从(cong)之(zhi)也(ye)。引《乡射(she)记(ji)》者,欲见有(you)中(zhong)、有(you)躬(gong)、有(you)舌三(san)者。云“下(xia)(xia)(xia)个(ge)五(wu)(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”者,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)两(liang)(liang)个(ge)各出(chu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),令此(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)个(ge)上(shang)(shang)出(chu)九尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),两(liang)(liang)畔共减十(shi)(shi)八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),故有(you)五(wu)(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。云“此(ci)(ci)(ci)侯(hou)(hou)凡用(yong)布(bu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者,古者布(bu)幅(fu)广二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)寸,二(er)寸为(wei)(wei)缝,皆以二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)计之(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)侯(hou)(hou)是九十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)侯(hou)(hou),侯(hou)(hou)中(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),则九幅(fu)布(bu),布(bu)长丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。九幅(fu)九丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),幅(fu)有(you)八尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),为(wei)(wei)七(qi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),添前为(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)躬(gong)各三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)共为(wei)(wei)七(qi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。其(qi)上(shang)(shang)个(ge)七(qi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)个(ge)有(you)五(wu)(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),添前总用(yong)布(bu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)。其(qi)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)侯(hou)(hou),侯(hou)(hou)中(zhong)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。其(qi)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)侯(hou)(hou),侯(hou)(hou)中(zhong)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。皆倍中(zhong)以为(wei)(wei)躬(gong),倍躬(gong)以为(wei)(wei)左右个(ge),计之(zhi)皆可知也(ye)。

上纲与下纲出舌寻,纟员寸焉。(纲所以系侯於植者也。上下皆出舌一寻者,亦人张手之节也。郑司农云:“纲,连侯绳也。纟员,笼纲者。纟员读为竹中皮之纟员。舌,维持侯者。”
  ○纟员,於(wu)贫反(fan),或(huo)尤粉反(fan),刘侯犬反(fan),一音古(gu)犬反(fan)。植,直吏反(fan)。笼(long),鹿工反(fan)。)

[疏]“上纲”至“寸焉”
  ○释曰:纲以系(xi)侯於(wu)植者(zhe)也。植则在两傍邪(xie)(xie)竖之(zhi)也。必(bi)知邪(xie)(xie)竖之(zhi)者(zhe),下个半上个,皆出舌寻,明知两相皆邪(xie)(xie)向外竖之(zhi)也。

张皮侯而栖鹄,则春以功;(皮侯,以皮所饰之侯。《司裘职》曰:“王大射,则共虎侯、熊侯、豹侯,设其鹄。”谓此侯也。春读为蠢。蠢,作也,出也。天子将祭,必与诸侯群臣射,以作其容体,出其合於礼乐者,与之事鬼神焉。
  ○栖,音(yin)西。春,出允反。)

[疏]“张皮”至“以功”
  ○释曰:云“张皮侯”者,天子三侯,用虎、熊、豹皮饰侯之侧,号曰皮侯。而栖鹄者,各以其皮为鹄,名此为鹄者,缀於中央,似鸟之栖,故云“而栖鹄”也。
  ○注“皮侯”至“神焉”
  ○释曰:“天子(zi)将祭”已下,皆取《射(she)义》之意(yi)以(yi)解(jie)此也。

张五采之侯,则远国属;(五采之侯,谓以五采画正之侯也。《射人职》曰:“以射法治射仪,王以六耦射三侯,三获三容,乐以《驺虞》,九节五正。”下曰:“若王大射,则以步张三侯。”明此五正之侯,非大射之侯明矣。其职又曰:“诸侯在朝,则皆北面。”远国属者,若诸侯朝会,王张此侯与之射,所谓宾射也。正之方外如鹄,内二尺。五采者,内朱,白次之,苍次之,黄次之,黑次之。其侯之饰,又以五采画云气焉。
  ○画正(zheng),音征,下皆(jie)同。获,如字,下皆(jie)同,或音胡化反(fan)。)

[疏]“张五”至“国属”
  ○释曰:此据宾射之侯言。“五采”是九十弓之侯。若七十弓者则三正,五十弓者则二正也。言“远国属”者,对畿内诸侯为远国。若以要服以内对夷狄诸侯,则夷狄为远国也。
  ○注“五采”至“气焉”
  ○释曰:郑引(yin)《射人职》宾(bin)射及大(da)射二(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe),阴破贾(jia)马、以(yi)此五(wu)采与上春以(yi)功为(wei)一物,故云“非大(da)射之(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)明矣”。云“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)方外(wai)如鹄”者(zhe)(zhe),惟云“参分其(qi)侯(hou)(hou)鹄居一焉(yan)”,不(bu)见宾(bin)射之(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou),故云“如鹄”,亦当参分其(qi)侯(hou)(hou),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)居一焉(yan)。云“内二(er)(er)尺(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe),中央画(hua)朱(zhu)(zhu)方二(er)(er)尺(chi),故《司裘》注引(yin)诸家(jia)方二(er)(er)尺(chi)曰正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。以(yi)此二(er)(er)尺(chi)为(wei)本,其(qi)外(wai)以(yi)白(bai)苍等充其(qi)尺(chi)寸,使大(da)如鹄也(ye)。凡画(hua)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),皆先以(yi)朱(zhu)(zhu),次(ci)白(bai),次(ci)青(qing),次(ci)黄,次(ci)玄(xuan)(xuan)。以(yi)射是相克(ke)伐之(zhi)(zhi)事,故还以(yi)向(xiang)南为(wei)本,其(qi)次(ci)皆以(yi)相克(ke)为(wei)次(ci)。其(qi)三(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe),去(qu)玄(xuan)(xuan)黄,二(er)(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe),又去(qu)白(bai)青(qing),直以(yi)朱(zhu)(zhu)绿(lv)也(ye)。云“其(qi)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi),又以(yi)五(wu)采画(hua)云气(qi)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe),皮(pi)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)皮(pi)为(wei)饰(shi)其(qi)侧(ce),此正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)即画(hua),明其(qi)侧(ce)亦以(yi)云气(qi)为(wei)饰(shi)也(ye)。

张兽侯,则王以息燕。(兽侯,画兽之侯也。《乡射记》曰:“凡侯,天子熊侯,白质;诸侯麋侯,亦质;大夫布侯,画以虎豹;士布侯,画以鹿豕。凡画者丹质。”是兽侯之差也。息者,休农息老物也。燕谓劳使臣,若与群臣饮酒而射。
  ○劳,力(li)报反。使,色吏(li)反。)

[疏]“兽侯”至“而射”
  ○释(shi)曰:此(ci)燕射(she)之(zhi)侯也(ye)。引《乡(xiang)射(she)记》白(bai)(bai)质(zhi)、赤(chi)质(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)以白(bai)(bai)土、赤(chi)土涂之(zhi)。大夫士言“布”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)布不涂。君(jun)画一(yi),臣(chen)(chen)画二,取阳奇阴耦之(zhi)义。画虎熊豹,取君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)相犯。画麋鹿豕者(zhe)(zhe),取其(qi)君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)相养(yang)。“凡画者(zhe)(zhe)丹质(zhi)”,以周尚赤(chi),故(gu)以赤(chi)为质(zhi)地也(ye)。云“息者(zhe)(zhe),休农(nong)(nong)息老(lao)物也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)月农(nong)(nong)功毕,君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)饮(yin)酒,以休农(nong)(nong)止息之(zhi),老(lao)万物也(ye)。云“燕谓(wei)(wei)(wei)劳使(shi)臣(chen)(chen),若与群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)饮(yin)酒而射(she)”者(zhe)(zhe),劳使(shi)臣(chen)(chen),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若《四(si)牡(mu)》劳使(shi)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)来。若与群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)饮(yin)酒者(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)间暇无(wu)事(shi)而饮(yin)酒。云“而射(she)”者(zhe)(zhe),息老(lao)物及劳使(shi)臣(chen)(chen),并无(wu)事(shi)饮(yin)酒,三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)燕皆(jie)有(you)(you)射(she)法。此(ci)燕射(she),以其(qi)事(shi)亵,天子(zi)已下,唯有(you)(you)五十(shi)步侯而已,无(wu)尊卑之(zhi)别也(ye)。

祭侯之礼,以酒脯醢。(谓司马实爵而献获者于侯,荐脯醢折俎,获者执以祭侯。
  ○折,之设反。)

[疏]“祭侯”至“脯醢”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)云“谓司马实(shi)(shi)爵献获者于侯”已(yi)下,皆(jie)依(yi)大(da)射而言。彼(bi)虽诸(zhu)侯礼,天子射亦然。又此不辨大(da)射、宾射、燕射,则三等射皆(jie)同。按(an)《大(da)射》,司马正(zheng)洗散,遂实(shi)(shi)爵,献服不,服不侯西北(bei)三步(bu),北(bei)面拜(bai)受爵,乃(nai)祭侯左右个及(ji)中。

其辞曰:“惟若宁侯,(若犹女也。宁,安也。谓先有功德,其鬼有神。
  ○女,音(yin)汝,下文并(bing)注同。)

[疏]注“若犹”至“有神”
  ○释(shi)曰:祭侯者,祭先有(you)功(gong)(gong)德之侯。若(ruo)射侯,则射不宁侯,有(you)罪者也(ye),下文“毋或”一经是也(ye)。举(ju)有(you)功(gong)(gong)以劝(quan)示,又举(ju)有(you)罪以惩(cheng)之,故两言之也(ye)。

毋或若女不宁侯不属于王所,故抗而射女。(或,有也。若,如也。属犹朝会也。抗,举也,张也。
  ○毋,音无。)强饮强食,诒女曾孙诸侯百福。”(诒,遗也。曾孙诸侯,谓女後世为诸侯者。
  ○强,其丈反(fan),下(xia)同。诒(yi),羊(yang)(yang)之反(fan),又羊(yang)(yang)志反(fan)。遗,唯季反(fan)。)

庐人为庐器,戈必六尺有六寸,殳长寻有四尺,车戟常,酋矛常有四尺,夷矛三寻。(必犹柄也。八尺曰寻,倍寻曰常。酋、夷,长短名。酋之言遒也。酋近夷长矣。
  ○庐,力吴反(fan)(fan),下同。必,音秘(mi)。殳(shu),音殊。酋,在由(you)反(fan)(fan)。遒,在由(you)反(fan)(fan),或子由(you)反(fan)(fan),沈慈有反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]注“必犹”至“长矣”
  ○释曰:凡此经所云柄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长短(duan),皆通刃(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尺数(shu)而言。八尺曰寻,倍(bei)寻曰常,皆约上文车有六(liu)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu),皆以四尺为(wei)(wei)(wei)差而知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。云“酋(qiu)、夷,长短(duan)名,酋(qiu)近夷长矣”,按上注以酋(qiu)夷为(wei)(wei)(wei)发(fa)声(sheng)(sheng),则无义(yi)例。至(zhi)此而言长短(duan)名,为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,郑意虽(sui)是发(fa)声(sheng)(sheng),夷为(wei)(wei)(wei)长,故开口引声(sheng)(sheng)而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);酋(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)短(duan),故合口促声(sheng)(sheng)而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。

凡兵无(wu)(wu)过(guo)三(san)其身,过(guo)三(san)其身,弗能用(yong)也(ye),而无(wu)(wu)已,又以(yi)害人。(人长八(ba)尺(chi),与寻齐,进退(tui)之度(du)三(san)寻,用(yong)兵力(li)之极也(ye)。而无(wu)(wu)已,不徒止耳(er)。)

[疏]注“人长”至“止耳”
  ○释曰:此(ci)据(ju)极长者(zhe)夷矛(mao)三寻而言。云“而无(wu)已,又(you)以害(hai)人(ren)”者(zhe),已,止(zhi)也(ye)。谓不徒止(zhi),又(you)以害(hai)人(ren)。人(ren),自己(ji)身(shen)也(ye)。

故攻国之兵欲短,守国之兵欲长。攻国之人众,行地远,食饮饥,且涉山林之阻,是故兵欲短;守国之人寡,食饮饱,行地不远,且不涉山林之阻,是故兵欲长。(言罢羸宜短兵,壮健宜长兵。
  ○罢,音(yin)皮。羸(lei),劣(lie)皮反。)

[疏]注“言罢”至“长兵”
  ○释曰:按《司(si)马法(fa)》云:“弓(gong)矢(shi)围,殳矛守,戈戟助。”此言攻国(guo)之(zhi)兵欲短(duan),则弓(gong)矢(shi)是也。守国(guo)之(zhi)兵欲长,则殳矛是也。言“戈戟助”者,攻国(guo)守国(guo),皆有戈戟以助弓(gong)矢(shi)殳矛,以其(qi)戈戟长短(duan)处中故(gu)也。

凡兵,句兵欲无弹,刺兵欲无,是故句兵卑,刺兵抟。(句兵,戈戟属。刺兵,矛属。故书“弹”或作“但”,“”或作“绢”。郑司农云:“但读为弹丸之弹,弹谓掉也。绢读为ぉ邑之ぉ,ぉ谓桡也。卑读为鼓鼙之鼙。”玄谓亦掉也。谓若井中虫之。齐人谓柯斧柄为卑,则卑,隋圜也,抟,圜也。
  ○句,刘俱具反(fan),沈音钩,下注同。弹,徒旦反(fan),注同。刺,七赐反(fan),注同。,於全反(fan),又於兖(yan)(yan)反(fan),李又乌犬、乌玄(xuan)二反(fan),或巨兖(yan)(yan)反(fan)。卑,薄兮反(fan),注鼙同。抟,徒丸反(fan)。掉,徒吊反(fan)。ぉ,乌玄(xuan)反(fan)。桡,乃教反(fan),下同。虫,巨兖(yan)(yan)反(fan)。隋,他果反(fan)。圜,音圆。)

[疏]注“句兵”至“圜也”
  ○释曰:以戈(ge)有胡孑,其戟有援向(xiang)外(wai),为磬折人,胡刃向(xiang)下,故(gu)皆得(de)为句兵(bing)也(ye)。先(xian)郑云“绢读(du)为ぉ邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)ぉ”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),犹如《诗》云“中心ぉぉ”,是ぉ邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,故(gu)以义读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。“卑读(du)为鼓鼙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼙”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),读(du)从《乐记》云“鼓鼙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼙也(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓亦掉也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),同是欲坚(jian)劲(jing),不欲柔软者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。“谓若井中虫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),俗读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。井中有虫,扰(rao)扰(rao)然也(ye)。云“卑,隋(sui)圜”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓侧方而(er)去楞是也(ye)。

兵同强,举围欲细,细则校;刺兵同强,举围欲重,重欲傅人,傅人则密,是故侵之。(改句言,容殳无刃。同强,上下同也。举谓手所操。郑司农云:“校读为‘绞而婉’之绞。重欲傅人,谓矛柄之大者在人手中者。侵之,能敌也。”玄谓校,疾也。傅,近也。密,审也,正也。人手操细以则疾,操重以刺则正。然则为矜,句兵坚者在後,刺兵坚者在前。
  ○校,古(gu)饱(bao)反(fan),李(li)又侯巧(qiao)反(fan)。傅(fu),音附,下及(ji)注同。操,七曹(cao)反(fan)。绞(jiao),古(gu)饱(bao)反(fan)。矜(jin),巨巾反(fan),下同。)

[疏]注“改句”至“在前”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“改(gai)句(ju)言”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)云(yun)句(ju)兵谓戈戟,此经云(yun),是改(gai)句(ju)云(yun),以殳长丈二而(er)无刃(ren),可以打(da)人,故云(yun)兵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“同(tong)强,上(shang)下同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓本末(mo)及(ji)中央皆同(tong)坚(jian)(jian)(jian)劲,故云(yun)同(tong)强也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)“校(xiao)读(du)为绞(jiao)而(er)婉之(zhi)绞(jiao),绞(jiao),疾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按昭元年,虢(guo)之(zhi)会,叔(shu)孙(sun)穆(mu)子(zi)见楚公(gong)子(zi)圉,曰:“美矣,君哉(zai)。”及(ji)退(tui)会,子(zi)羽谓子(zi)皮曰:“叔(shu)孙(sun)绞(jiao)而(er)婉。”注(zhu)云(yun):“绞(jiao),切也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故读(du)从之(zhi),取切疾之(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“然则为矜,句(ju)兵坚(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)後”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以句(ju)兵向(xiang)(xiang)後牵之(zhi),故云(yun)坚(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)後也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“刺(ci)兵坚(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)前(qian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)推(tui)之(zhi),故云(yun)坚(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)前(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见句(ju)兵手执处欲(yu)(yu)得细(xi),细(xi)则手执之(zhi)牢(lao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刺(ci)兵执处欲(yu)(yu)得粗而(er)劲,则手稳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

凡为殳,五分其长,以其一为之被而围之。参分其围,去一以为晋围;五分其晋围,去一以为首围。凡为酋矛,参分其长,二在前、一在後而围之。五分其围,去一以为晋围;参分其晋围,去一以为刺围。(被,把中也。围之,圜之也。大小未闻。凡矜八觚。郑司农云:“晋谓矛戟下铜也。刺谓矛刃胸也。”玄谓晋读如“王大圭”之,矜所捷也。首,殳上也。为戈戟之矜,所围如殳,夷矛如酋矛。
  ○被,皮义反(fan),注同(tong)。去(qu),起吕反(fan),下同(tong)。晋(jin),如字,又音(yin)(yin)箭。把,音(yin)(yin)霸(ba)。,存闷反(fan),刘子闷反(fan)。捷,初洽反(fan)。)

[疏]注“被把”至“酋矛”
  ○释曰:“凡为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殳,五(wu)(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)而围(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),殳长(zhang)丈二(er)(er)尺,五(wu)(wu)分(fen)取一,则得二(er)(er)尺四寸(cun),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)把处而圜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“参分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)围(wei)(wei),去一以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晋(jin)(jin)围(wei)(wei)”者(zhe),後郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)晋(jin)(jin)谓矜(jin)所捷也(ye)(ye),则殳於手把处亦有铜,拟捷地竖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)“参分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)围(wei)(wei),去一以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晋(jin)(jin)围(wei)(wei),又(you)五(wu)(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)晋(jin)(jin)围(wei)(wei),去一以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)围(wei)(wei)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)围(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小未闻,则二(er)(er)者(zhe)皆未知(zhi)粗细也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)首(shou)(shou)围(wei)(wei),谓在上(shang)(shang)头,上(shang)(shang)头宜稍(shao)细之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。矛(mao)(mao)去刺围(wei)(wei)者(zhe),谓柄入(ru)刃(ren)处也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡矜(jin)八觚(gu)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经二(er)(er)者(zhe),近手皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)“围(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,明不(bu)圜者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八觚(gu)也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺谓矛(mao)(mao)刃(ren)胸(xiong)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),人胸(xiong)当(dang)前,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)胸(xiong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)矛(mao)(mao)刃(ren)直(zhi)前,故(gu)(gu)名矛(mao)(mao)刃(ren)胸(xiong)也(ye)(ye)。玄谓“晋(jin)(jin)读如(ru)王大圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),读从(cong)《典瑞》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王大圭(gui),执镇圭(gui)”,彼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)插(cha),此(ci)(ci)晋(jin)(jin)亦插(cha),故(gu)(gu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“矜(jin)所捷也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“首(shou)(shou),殳上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),殳下有铜,取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)入(ru)地。此(ci)(ci)殳首(shou)(shou)无,亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)头为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)而稍(shao)细之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)似,故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)首(shou)(shou)殳上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戈(ge)(ge)戟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矜(jin),所围(wei)(wei)如(ru)殳”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)句兵,次云(yun)(yun)(yun)兵,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)改句言(yan),容殳无刃(ren)。此(ci)(ci)文即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)殳,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)互(hu)见言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),足明戈(ge)(ge)戟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)与殳同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)夷矛(mao)(mao)与酋矛(mao)(mao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是矛(mao)(mao),但长(zhang)短为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)体(ti)亦同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)。

凡试庐事,置而摇之,以视其也;灸诸墙,以视其桡之均也;横而摇之,以视其劲也。(置犹树也。灸犹柱也。以柱两墙之间,免而内之,本末胜负可知也。正於墙,墙[A14C]。
  ○置,如字,李直吏(li)反(fan)(fan)。灸,音救。[A12G]也,音树。柱,知主反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。免,音挽。[A14C],所立反(fan)(fan),本又作[A17I],又作{刃止},同。)

[疏]注“置犹”至“墙[A14C]”
  ○释曰:此(ci)经有三事,“置(zhi)而摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)”,谓竖之(zhi)(zhi)於地上,以(yi)手摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)视其(qi)々然(ran)均否(fou)。“灸(jiu)诸墙”,谓柱之(zhi)(zhi)两墙,观其(qi)体之(zhi)(zhi)强弱均否(fou)。“横而摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)”,谓横置(zhi)於膝上,以(yi)一手执一头摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)视其(qi)坚(jian)劲以(yi)否(fou)也。

六建既备,车不反覆,谓之国工。(六建,五兵与人也。反覆,犹轩周。
  ○覆,芳服反(fan),注同。周,音周。)

[疏]注“六建”至“人也”
  ○释曰:知“六(liu)建(jian),五兵与(yu)人”者(zhe),以其从上(shang)(shang)而下,庐人所造有(you)柄者(zhe),戈戟殳与(yu)酋矛(mao)夷矛(mao)五兵而已。按上(shang)(shang)车(che)有(you)六(liu)等,除轸(zhen)与(yu)人四兵,此(ci)云六(liu)建(jian),建(jian)在车(che)上(shang)(shang),明无轸(zhen),自(zi)取人与(yu)五兵为六(liu)建(jian)可(ke)知也(ye)。

匠人建国(guo),(立王(wang)国(guo)若邦国(guo)者(zhe)。)

[疏]注“立王”至“国者”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):《周礼》单言国(guo)者(zhe),据王国(guo);邦(bang)国(guo)连言,据诸(zhu)侯。经既单言国(guo),郑兼言邦(bang)国(guo)者(zhe),以其下文(wen)(wen)有(you)王及诸(zhu)侯城制,明此以王国(guo)为主(zhu),其中(zhong)兼诸(zhu)侯邦(bang)国(guo)可知。下文(wen)(wen)又(you)有(you)都城制,则此亦兼都城也。

水地以县(xian),(於(wu)四角立植,而县(xian)以水,望其高(gao)下。高(gao)下既定,乃为(wei)位而平地。)

[疏]注“於四”至“平地”
  ○释曰:此经说(shuo)欲(yu)置国城(cheng),先当以水(shui)(shui)平地,欲(yu)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)四(si)方皆平,乃(nai)(nai)始营造城(cheng)郭也。云“於四(si)角立(li)植(zhi),而县”者,植(zhi)即柱(zhu)也。於造城(cheng)之处(chu),四(si)角立(li)四(si)柱(zhu)而县,谓於柱(zhu)四(si)畔县绳以正柱(zhu)。柱(zhu)正,然後(hou)去(qu)柱(zhu),远以水(shui)(shui)平之法遥(yao)望,柱(zhu)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)定,即知(zhi)地之高(gao)下(xia)(xia)。然後(hou)平高(gao)就下(xia)(xia),地乃(nai)(nai)平也,乃(nai)(nai)後(hou)行下(xia)(xia)以景正四(si)方之事。

置{执木}以县,视以景。(故书“{执木}”或作“弋”,杜子春云:“{执木}当为弋,读为弋。”玄谓{执木},古文“臬”假借字。於所平之地中央,树八尺之臬,以县正之,视之以其景,将以正四方也。《尔雅》曰:“在墙者谓之弋,在地者谓之臬。”
  ○{执(zhi)木},鱼列(lie)反,注臬同。弋,以职反,下弋同,刘弋音予则反。)

[疏]“置{执木}”至“以景”
  ○释曰:此经说既得平地,乃於中营治也。云“置{执木}”者,{执木}亦谓柱也。云“以县”者,欲取柱之景,先须柱正。欲须柱正,当以绳县而垂之於柱之四角四中,以入绳县之,其绳皆附柱,则其柱正矣。然後视柱之景,故云“视以景”也。
  ○注“故书”至“之臬”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):“玄(xuan)谓{执木(mu)(mu)},古(gu)文臬(nie)(nie)假借(jie)字(zi)”者(zhe),今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi){执木(mu)(mu)},从木(mu)(mu)、执声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)省者(zhe)也。古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi){执木(mu)(mu)},为(wei)臬(nie)(nie)法(fa)(fa)字(zi),故(gu)《尚书·康诰(gao)》云(yun)“女(nv)陈(chen)时臬(nie)(nie)”,臬(nie)(nie)法(fa)(fa)字(zi),亦(yi)得(de)为(wei){执木(mu)(mu)}柱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi),故(gu)云(yun)假借(jie)字(zi)也。云(yun)“於其(qi)所平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地中央,树(shu)(shu)(shu)八(ba)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臬(nie)(nie),以县(xian)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),《天文志》云(yun)“夏(xia)日至,立八(ba)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)”,《通卦验》亦(yi)云(yun)“立八(ba)神,树(shu)(shu)(shu)八(ba)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)”,故(gu)知(zhi)树(shu)(shu)(shu)八(ba)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臬(nie)(nie),臬(nie)(nie)即(ji)表(biao)也。必(bi)八(ba)尺(chi)者(zhe),按《考灵曜》曰(yue):“从上向(xiang)下(xia)八(ba)万里,故(gu)以八(ba)尺(chi)为(wei)法(fa)(fa)也。”彼云(yun)八(ba)神,此县(xian),一也。以於四角四中,故(gu)云(yun)须八(ba)神,神即(ji)引(yin)也,向(xiang)下(xia)引(yin)而县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)神也。云(yun)“视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以其(qi)景(jing),将以正(zheng)四方也”者(zhe),即(ji)下(xia)云(yun)“为(wei)规,识日出、日入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)”是也。引(yin)《尔雅》“在(zai)墙者(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弋,在(zai)地者(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臬(nie)(nie)”者(zhe),证此臬(nie)(nie)是在(zai)地树(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)也。

为规,识日出之景与日入之景。(日出日入之景,其端则东西正也。又为规以识之者,为其难审也。自日出而画其景端,以至日入,既则为规测景两端之内,规之规交,乃审也。度两交之间,中屈之以指臬,则南北正。
  ○为其,于(yu)伪反(fan)。度,侍洛(luo)反(fan)。)

[疏]注“日出”至“北正”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“日(ri)出日(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),其端(duan)(duan)(duan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)於(wu)前平地之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央立表讫,乃(nai)於(wu)日(ri)出之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)画记(ji)(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)(duan),於(wu)日(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)又画记(ji)(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),以(yi)(yi)绳(sheng)测(ce)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)矣。云(yun)(yun)“又为(wei)(wei)(wei)规(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)其难审(shen)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)此(ci)经为(wei)(wei)(wei)规(gui)(gui)(gui)识(shi)日(ri)出与日(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)者(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)两(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)长短难审(shen),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)规(gui)(gui)(gui)规(gui)(gui)(gui)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“自日(ri)出而画其景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)端(duan)(duan)(duan),以(yi)(yi)至日(ri)入”者(zhe),还是景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)耳。云(yun)(yun)“既则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)规(gui)(gui)(gui)测(ce)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)两(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)内,规(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)规(gui)(gui)(gui)交(jiao),乃(nai)审(shen)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)於(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臬(nie)以(yi)(yi)绳(sheng)取景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan),一(yi)匝,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)远近定,远近定则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西乃(nai)审(shen)。云(yun)(yun)“度(du)两(liang)(liang)(liang)交(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)指(zhi)臬(nie),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)南(nan)北(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe),两(liang)(liang)(liang)交(jiao)间(jian),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)两(liang)(liang)(liang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)端(duan)(duan)(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)(ban),度(du)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)两(liang)(liang)(liang)间(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)指(zhi)臬(nie),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)南(nan)北(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。必中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),於(wu)夏日(ri)至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漏(lou)半(ban)(ban),於(wu)臬(nie)南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)所度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)处,於(wu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)端(duan)(duan)(duan)亦(yi)相当,故须中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

昼参诸日中之景,夜考之极星,以正朝夕。(日中之景,最短者也。极星,谓北辰。
  ○朝,如字。)

[疏]“昼参”至“朝夕”
  ○释曰:前经已正东西南北,恐其不审,犹更以此二者以正南北。言“朝夕”,即东西也。南北正,则东西亦正,故兼言东西也。
  ○注“日中”至“北辰”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“日(ri)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)景,最短(duan)者(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe),《大司徒》云(yun):“日(ri)至之(zhi)(zhi)景,尺有五(wu)寸。”以(yi)其(qi)在(zai)上临下,故(gu)最短(duan)也(ye)。云(yun)“极(ji)星,谓(wei)(wei)北(bei)辰”者(zhe),当夜半考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)。《尔雅》云(yun):“北(bei)极(ji)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)辰。”辰,时(shi)也(ye),天下取(qu)正焉,故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)辰。极(ji),中(zhong)也(ye)。以(yi)居天之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)极(ji)也(ye)。

匠人营(ying)(ying)国,方九(jiu)里,旁三门。(营(ying)(ying)谓丈尺其大小。天子(zi)(zi)十(shi)二门,通十(shi)二子(zi)(zi)。)

[疏]“匠人”至“三门”
  ○释曰:按《典命》云:“上公九命,国家、宫室、车旗、衣服、礼仪以九为节。”侯伯子男已下,皆依命数。郑云“国家谓城方,公之城盖方九里,侯伯七里,子男五里”。并《文王有声》诗笺差之,天子当十二里。此云九里者,按下文有夏殷,则此九里通异代也。郑《异义驳》“或云周亦九里城”,则公七里,侯伯五里,子男三里,不取《典命》等注。由郑两解,故义有异也。疏备在《典命》也。
  ○注“营谓”至“二子”
  ○释曰:云(yun)丈(zhang)尺,据高下而言。云(yun)天小,据远近而说也。云(yun)“天子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)门,以(yi)通十(shi)(shi)二(er)子(zi)(zi)”者,按《孝经援神契》云(yun):“天子(zi)(zi)即(ji)政,置(zhi)三公(gong)、九卿(qing)、二(er)十(shi)(shi)七大(da)夫、八十(shi)(shi)一元士,慎(shen)文命,下各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)二(er)子(zi)(zi)。”如(ru)是,甲(jia)乙(yi)丙丁(ding)之属,十(shi)(shi)日为母,子(zi)(zi)丑寅卯等十(shi)(shi)二(er)辰为子(zi)(zi),故(gu)王城面各(ge)(ge)三门,以(yi)通十(shi)(shi)二(er)子(zi)(zi)也。

国中九经九纬,经涂九轨。(国中,城内也。经纬谓涂也。经纬之涂,皆容方九轨。轨谓辙广,乘车六尺六寸,旁如七寸,凡八尺,是谓辙广。九轨积七十二尺,则此涂十一步也。旁如七寸者,辐内二寸半,辐广三寸半,绠三分寸之二,金辖之间三分寸之一。
  ○涂(tu),音{涂(tu)土}。绠,方颖反(fan)。辖,胡瞎(xia)反(fan)。)

[疏]注“国中”至“之一”
  ○释曰(yue):言(yan)“九经九纬(wei)(wei)”者,南北之道为(wei)经,东西之道为(wei)纬(wei)(wei)。王(wang)城面有(you)三门(men),门(men)有(you)三涂,男子由右,女(nv)子由左,车从中央(yang)。郑(zheng)云“旁加(jia)七寸者,辐内(nei)(nei)二(er)寸半”者,计毂(gu)(gu)在辐内(nei)(nei)九寸有(you)馀,今言(yan)辐内(nei)(nei)有(you)二(er)寸半者,不加(jia)舆(yu)下覆毂(gu)(gu)者也。

左祖右社,面朝後市,(王宫所居也。祖,宗庙。面犹乡也。王宫当中经之涂也。
  ○乡(xiang),许(xu)亮反。)

[疏]注“王宫”至“涂也”
  ○释曰:言(yan)“王(wang)(wang)宫所(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)也”者(zhe),谓经(jing)左(zuo)右(you)前後者(zhe),据王(wang)(wang)宫所(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)处(chu)中(zhong)而言(yan)之,故(gu)云王(wang)(wang)宫所(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)也。云“王(wang)(wang)宫当中(zhong)经(jing)之涂也”者(zhe),按祭义注云:“周尚左(zuo)。”桓二年,取郜大鼎(ding),纳(na)於(wu)大庙。何休云:“质家右(you)宗庙,尚亲(qin)亲(qin)。文(wen)家左(zuo)宗庙,尚尊尊。”义与(yu)此合。按刘向《别录(lu)》云:“路寝在北堂之西,社稷(ji)宗庙在路寝之西。”又云:“左(zuo)明堂辟雍,右(you)宗庙社稷(ji)。”皆不(bu)与(yu)礼合,郑皆不(bu)从之矣。

市朝一夫。(方各百(bai)步。)

[疏]注“方各百步”
  ○释曰:按(an)《司(si)市(shi)》,市(shi)有三(san)期(qi),总(zong)於一市(shi)之(zhi)上(shang)为之(zhi)。若市(shi)总(zong)一夫(fu)之(zhi)地,则为大狭。盖市(shi)曹、司(si)次(ci)(ci)、介次(ci)(ci)所居之(zhi)处,与天子二朝皆(jie)居一夫(fu)之(zhi)地,各方百步也。

夏后氏世(shi)室(shi)(shi),堂(tang)二七,广四(si)一(yi),(世(shi)室(shi)(shi)者,宗(zong)庙也(ye)。鲁庙有世(shi)室(shi)(shi),牲有白牡,此用先王(wang)之(zhi)礼。,南北(bei)之(zhi)深也(ye)。夏度以步,令堂(tang)十(shi)四(si)步,其广益(yi)以四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),则堂(tang)广十(shi)七步半(ban)。)

[疏]注“世室”至“步半”
  ○释(shi)曰:郑云(yun)“此用先王之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),世室用此经夏法(fa),白牡用殷(yin)法(fa),皆(jie)是(shi)用先王之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也。云(yun)“夏度以(yi)步(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe),下文(wen)云(yun)“三四步(bu)(bu)”,明此“二七(qi)(qi)”是(shi)十四步(bu)(bu)也。云(yun)“令堂十四步(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe),言假令,以(yi)此堂云(yun)二七(qi)(qi),约之(zhi)(zhi),知(zhi)用步(bu)(bu),无正文(wen),故郑以(yi)假令言之(zhi)(zhi)也。知(zhi)“堂广十七(qi)(qi)步(bu)(bu)半(ban)(ban)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)南(nan)北为十四步(bu)(bu),四分之(zhi)(zhi),取十二步(bu)(bu),益(yi)三步(bu)(bu)为十五步(bu)(bu)。馀二步(bu)(bu),益(yi)半(ban)(ban)步(bu)(bu),为二步(bu)(bu)半(ban)(ban),添前十五步(bu)(bu),是(shi)十七(qi)(qi)步(bu)(bu)半(ban)(ban)也。

五室(shi)(shi)(shi),三(san)(san)四步,四三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi),(堂上为五室(shi)(shi)(shi),象五行(xing)也。三(san)(san)四步,室(shi)(shi)(shi)方也。四三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi),以益广(guang)也。木室(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)东(dong)北(bei),火室(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)东(dong)南(nan),金室(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan),水室(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)西(xi)(xi)北(bei),其方皆三(san)(san)步,其广(guang)益之(zhi)以三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)。土室(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)中央,方四步,其广(guang)益之(zhi)以四尺(chi)(chi)。此(ci)五室(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)堂,南(nan)北(bei)六丈(zhang),东(dong)西(xi)(xi)七丈(zhang)。)

[疏]注“堂上”至“七丈”
  ○释曰(yue):云“五(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其宗庙制如明(ming)堂(tang)(tang),明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有五(wu)(wu)(wu)天帝,五(wu)(wu)(wu)人帝、五(wu)(wu)(wu)人神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坐(zuo),皆(jie)法五(wu)(wu)(wu)行,故(gu)知五(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行也(ye)(ye)。东(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言木,东(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言火,西南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言金,西北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言水。五(wu)(wu)(wu)行先起东(dong)(dong)方,故(gu)东(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言木。其实东(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兼水矣(yi),东(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兼木矣(yi),西南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兼火矣(yi),西北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兼金矣(yi)。以(yi)其中央大室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有四堂(tang)(tang),四角之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)有堂(tang)(tang),故(gu)知义(yi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)。中央之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大一(yi)尺者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其在中,号为大室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)多一(yi)尺也(ye)(ye)。云“此五(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)堂(tang)(tang),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)六丈(zhang)(zhang),东(dong)(dong)西七丈(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其大室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)中,四角之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)於大室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai),接四角为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四步,四角室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各三步,则(ze)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)三室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)步,故(gu)六丈(zhang)(zhang)。东(dong)(dong)西三室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六丈(zhang)(zhang),外(wai)加四三尺,又一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)七丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)。

九(jiu)阶,(南面(mian)(mian)三(san),三(san)面(mian)(mian)各二。)

[疏]注“南面三三面各二”
  ○释曰:按(an)贾、马诸(zhu)(zhu)家皆以为九(jiu)(jiu)等阶(jie)(jie)(jie)。郑(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe),以周殷差(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),夏后(hou)氏宫室,故一尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)为九(jiu)(jiu)等阶(jie)(jie)(jie),於义不(bu)可,故为旁九(jiu)(jiu)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)也。郑(zheng)知(zhi)南(nan)面(mian)三(san)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)者(zhe)(zhe),见《明堂(tang)位(wei)》云(yun)(yun):“三(san)公中阶(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,北面(mian)东(dong)上。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),阼阶(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong),西(xi)(xi)(xi)面(mian)北上。诸(zhu)(zhu)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,西(xi)(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi),东(dong)面(mian)北上。”故知(zhi)南(nan)面(mian)三(san)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)也。知(zhi)馀三(san)面(mian)各二者(zhe)(zhe),《大射(she)礼》云(yun)(yun):“工人(ren)士与梓人(ren)升自(zi)北阶(jie)(jie)(jie)。”又《杂记》云(yun)(yun):“夫人(ren)至,入(ru)自(zi)闱(wei)门,升自(zi)侧阶(jie)(jie)(jie)。”《奔丧(sang)》云(yun)(yun):“妇人(ren)奔丧(sang),升自(zi)东(dong)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)。”以此而(er)言,四(si)面(mian)有阶(jie)(jie)(jie)可知(zhi)。

四旁两夹,窗,(窗助户为明,每室四户八窗。
  ○夹,古洽反(fan),刘古协反(fan)。窗,初江反(fan),一(yi)音。)

[疏]注“窗助”至“八窗”
  ○释曰:言“四旁”者,五室,室有(you)四户,四户之旁皆有(you)两夹窗,则五室二十户、四十窗也。

白盛,(蜃炭也。盛之言成也,以蜃灰垩墙,所以饰成宫室。
  ○蜃(shen),常(chang)轸反(fan)。垩,乌路反(fan),又乌洛反(fan)。)

[疏]注“蜃炭”至“宫室”
  ○释(shi)曰:《地官·掌(zhang)蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)》“堂供白盛之蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)”,则此蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)灰出自掌(zhang)蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)。云“以蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)灰垩墙”者,《尔雅》云:“地谓之黝(you),墙谓之垩。”垩即白蜃(shen)(shen)(shen)。垩之,使壁白也(ye)。

门堂,三之二,(门堂,门侧之堂,取数於正堂。今堂如上制,则门堂南北九步二尺,东西十一步四尺。《尔雅》曰:“门侧之堂谓之塾。”
  ○塾,音孰(shu),刘(liu)又音育(yu)。)

[疏]注“门堂”至“之塾”
  ○释(shi)曰:郑云(yun)“今(jin)堂(tang)如上制”者(zhe),以上堂(tang)不言步(bu),故(gu)此注亦云(yun)令。假令如上制,南(nan)北十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)步(bu),东西十(shi)(shi)(shi)七步(bu)半(ban)。今(jin)云(yun)“三(san)之二(er)(er)(er)”,谓(wei)三(san)分(fen)取(qu)二(er)(er)(er)分(fen),以十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)步(bu)取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)步(bu),三(san)分(fen)之,得八(ba)步(bu)。二(er)(er)(er)步(bu)为(wei)(wei)丈二(er)(er)(er)尺(chi),三(san)分(fen)之,得八(ba)尺(chi)。以六尺(chi)为(wei)(wei)一步(bu),添前为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)步(bu),馀(yu)二(er)(er)(er)尺(chi),故(gu)云(yun)“南(nan)北九(jiu)步(bu)二(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)”也(ye)。云(yun)“东西十(shi)(shi)(shi)一步(bu)四(si)尺(chi)”者(zhe),十(shi)(shi)(shi)七步(bu)半(ban),以十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)步(bu)得十(shi)(shi)(shi)步(bu),馀(yu)二(er)(er)(er)步(bu)半(ban)为(wei)(wei)丈五(wu)尺(chi),三(san)分(fen)之,得一丈。以六尺(chi)为(wei)(wei)一步(bu),馀(yu)四(si)尺(chi),添前为(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一步(bu)四(si)尺(chi)也(ye)。引《尔雅(ya)》“门(men)侧之堂(tang)谓(wei)之塾(shu)”者(zhe),证此经门(men)堂(tang)为(wei)(wei)塾(shu)之义也(ye)。《尚(shang)书(shu)·顾命》“左塾(shu)右塾(shu)”,亦此类也(ye)。

室,三之一(yi)。(两(liang)室与(yu)门(men),各居一(yi)分。)

[疏]注“两室”至“一分”
  ○释曰:此室即在门(men)堂之(zhi)上作(zuo)之(zhi)也(ye)。言(yan)“各居一分”者,谓两室与门(men),各居一分。郑不言(yan)尺数,义可(ke)知,故略(lve)而(er)不言(yan)也(ye)。

殷人重屋,堂七寻,堂崇三尺,四阿,重屋。(重屋者,王宫正堂若大寝也。其七寻五丈六尺,放夏周,则其广九寻七丈二尺也。五室各二寻。崇,高也。四阿若今四柱屋。重屋,复笮也。
  ○重(zhong),直龙反,下及(ji)注同。放,方往反。复,音福。笮,侧白反。)

[疏]注“重屋”至“笮也”
  ○释(shi)曰:云“王宫正(zheng)堂(tang)若(ruo)大寝也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓对燕(yan)寝侧室(shi)非正(zheng),故以此(ci)(ci)为正(zheng)堂(tang)大寝也。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“放夏(xia)(xia)周(zhou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),夏(xia)(xia)在殷前(qian),可得言(yan)(yan)(yan)放,其周(zhou)在殷後,亦言(yan)(yan)(yan)放者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)非谓殷人(ren)放周(zhou)而为之。郑(zheng)直据上文夏(xia)(xia)法(fa),下文周(zhou)法(fa)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)放,犹言(yan)(yan)(yan)约夏(xia)(xia)周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。虽言(yan)(yan)(yan)放夏(xia)(xia)周(zhou),经云“堂(tang)七(qi)(qi)寻(xun)”,则(ze)其广(guang)九(jiu)(jiu)寻(xun)。若(ruo)周(zhou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)南(nan)北七(qi)(qi)筵,则(ze)东西九(jiu)(jiu)筵。是偏放周(zhou)法(fa),而言(yan)(yan)(yan)放夏(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),七(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)偏据周(zhou),夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)氏南(nan)北狭,东西长,亦是放之,故得兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)放夏(xia)(xia)也。云“四(si)阿,若(ruo)今四(si)柱(zhu)屋”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《燕(yan)礼》云:“设洗(xi)当(dang)东ニ。”则(ze)此(ci)(ci)四(si)阿,四(si)ニ者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。云“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)复,复笮(ze)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)《明堂(tang)位》云:“复庙重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)屋。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云:“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承壁(bi)(bi)材也。”则(ze)此(ci)(ci)复笮(ze)亦重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承壁(bi)(bi)材,故谓之重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋。

周人明堂,度九尺之筵,东西九筵,南北七筵,堂崇一筵,五室,凡室二筵。(明堂者,明政教之堂。周度以筵,亦王者相改。周堂高九尺,殷三尺,则夏一尺矣,相参之数。禹卑宫室,谓此一尺之堂与?此三者或举宗庙,或举王寝,或举明堂,互言之,以明其同制。
  ○度九,刘直(zhi)路反,戚(qi)待洛反,下(xia)及注同。禹卑,如(ru)字,刘音婢。与,音馀(yu)。)

[疏]注“明堂”至“同制”
  ○释(shi)曰:此(ci)记(ji)人(ren)据(ju)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)作说,故(gu)(gu)其文备於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),而(er)(er)(er)略於(wu)夏(xia)殷,是以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)文皆据(ju)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而(er)(er)(er)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi),其室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆东(dong)西广於(wu)南(nan)北也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi),直(zhi)言“凡室(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)筵(yan)(yan)”,不言东(dong)西广,郑亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不言东(dong)西益广,或(huo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆方二(er)筵(yan)(yan),与夏(xia)异制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,殷人(ren)重屋,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)堂(tang)七寻,不言室(shi)(shi)(shi),如郑意,以(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皆有五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)十二(er)堂(tang),明(ming)(ming)(ming)殷亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)十二(er)堂(tang)。云(yun)(yun)“明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)(ming)(ming)政教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其於(wu)中(zhong)听(ting)朔,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)政教(jiao)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)(ming)(ming)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)卑(bei)。《孝经纬·授神契》云(yun)(yun):“得(de)阳(yang)气明(ming)(ming)(ming)朗,谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)义大(da),故(gu)(gu)所合理(li)广也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)度以(yi)(yi)(yi)筵(yan)(yan),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)相改”者(zhe)(zhe),对夏(xia)度以(yi)(yi)(yi)步,殷度以(yi)(yi)(yi)寻,是王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)相改也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)堂(tang)高九尺(chi)(chi)(chi),殷三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),则(ze)夏(xia)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)矣(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),夏(xia)无(wu)文,以(yi)(yi)(yi)後代文而(er)(er)(er)渐高,则(ze)夏(xia)当(dang)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“相参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数”。“禹卑(bei)宫室(shi)(shi)(shi),谓(wei)(wei)此(ci)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)与”,言“与”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)正文,故(gu)(gu)言“与”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)举(ju)宗庙(miao),或(huo)举(ju)王(wang)寝,或(huo)举(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),互言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)其同(tong)制(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),互言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),夏(xia)举(ju)宗庙(miao),则(ze)王(wang)寝、明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与宗庙(miao)同(tong)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。殷举(ju)王(wang)寝,则(ze)宗庙(miao)、明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与王(wang)寝同(tong)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)举(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang),则(ze)宗庙(miao)、王(wang)寝亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)制(zhi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其同(tong)制(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)当(dang)代三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)其制(zhi)同(tong),非谓(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)代制(zhi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)殡(bin)於(wu)西阶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,王(wang)寝与明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)同(tong),则(ze)南(nan)北七筵(yan)(yan),惟有六(liu)十三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)。三(san)(san)室(shi)(shi)(shi)居六(liu)筵(yan)(yan),南(nan)北共有一(yi)(yi)筵(yan)(yan),一(yi)(yi)面惟有四(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)半,何得(de)容殡(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)。按《书传》云(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)路寝,南(nan)北七雉,东(dong)西九雉,室(shi)(shi)(shi)居二(er)雉。”则(ze)三(san)(san)室(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),南(nan)北各有半雉,雉长三(san)(san)丈,则(ze)各有一(yi)(yi)丈五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),足容殡(bin)矣(yi)(yi)。若然,云(yun)(yun)同(tong)制(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)制(zhi)法(fa)同(tong),无(wu)妨大(da)矣(yi)(yi)。据(ju)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而(er)(er)(er)言,则(ze)夏(xia)殷王(wang)寝亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)同(tong),而(er)(er)(er)大(da)可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

室(shi)中(zhong)度以(yi)几,堂上(shang)度以(yi)筵(yan),宫中(zhong)度以(yi)寻,野度以(yi)步,涂度以(yi)轨。(周(zhou)文者,冬因(yin)物宜为之数(shu)。室(shi)中(zhong),举(ju)谓四壁(bi)之内。)

[疏]注“周文”至“之内”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“周文(wen)者(zhe)(zhe),各因物宜(yi)为之(zhi)数”者(zhe)(zhe),对殷已上质,夏度以(yi)步(bu),殷度以(yi)寻(xun),无(wu)异称也。因物宜(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)室(shi)中(zhong)坐时冯(feng)几。堂上行礼用筵。宫(gong)中(zhong)合(he)院(yuan)之(zhi)内(nei)无(wu)几无(wu)筵,故用手之(zhi)寻(xun)也。在野(ye)论里数皆以(yi)步(bu),故用步(bu)。涂(tu)有(you)三道(dao),车从中(zhong)央,故用车之(zhi)轨。是(shi)(shi)因物所宜(yi)也。云(yun)“室(shi)中(zhong),举谓(wei)四壁之(zhi)内(nei)”者(zhe)(zhe),对宫(gong)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)合(he)院(yuan)之(zhi)内(nei)。依《尔雅》,宫(gong)犹室(shi),室(shi)犹宫(gong)者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)散文(wen)宫(gong)室(shi)通也。

庙门容大扃七个,(大扃,牛鼎之扃,长三尺。每扃为一个,七个二丈一尺。
  ○扃,古荧反。个,古贺反,注及(ji)下同。)

[疏]注“大扃”至“一尺”
  ○释曰:知“大扃(jiong),牛鼎之扃(jiong),长三尺”者,此约《汉礼器(qi)制度》。

闱门容小扃参个,(庙中之门曰闱门。小扃,乡鼎之扃,长二尺。参个,六尺。
  ○闱(wei),音韦,刘音晖。乡,音香。)

[疏]注“庙中”至“六尺”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“庙中之(zhi)门曰(yue)(yue)闱门”者,《尔雅》文。此(ci)即《杂记》云(yun)(yun)“夫人至,入自闱门”是也。云(yun)(yun)“小扃(jiong)(jiong),乡(xiang)鼎(ding)之(zhi)扃(jiong)(jiong),长(zhang)二(er)尺”者,亦(yi)《汉礼器制度》知之(zhi)。乡(xiang)鼎(ding)亦(yi)牛鼎(ding),但上牛鼎(ding)扃(jiong)(jiong)长(zhang)三尺,据正鼎(ding)而言(yan)。此(ci)言(yan)乡(xiang)鼎(ding),据陪(pei)鼎(ding)三,乡(xiang)、熏(xun)、尧而说也。

路(lu)门(men)不(bu)容(rong)(rong)乘(cheng)(cheng)车之五个,(路(lu)门(men)者,大寝之门(men)。乘(cheng)(cheng)车广六尺(chi)六寸(cun),五个三(san)丈(zhang)三(san)尺(chi),言(yan)不(bu)容(rong)(rong)者,是两(liang)门(men)乃容(rong)(rong)之。两(liang)门(men)乃容(rong)(rong)之,则(ze)此门(men)半之,丈(zhang)六尺(chi)五寸(cun)。)

[疏]注“路门”至“五寸”
  ○释曰:下云(yun)(yun)“应门(men)”,则(ze)此(ci)路门(men)以(yi)近路寝,故特(te)小为之。经言“乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)”,据舆广六(liu)尺六(liu)寸者(zhe)(zhe),按《舆人》云(yun)(yun)“轮崇、车(che)(che)广、衡长参如(ru)一”,郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“车(che)(che),舆也(ye)。”故知此(ci)云(yun)(yun)车(che)(che)亦据舆也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“言不容(rong)(rong)者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)两(liang)门(men)乃容(rong)(rong)之”者(zhe)(zhe),若容(rong)(rong)两(liang)个(ge)(ge)(ge)、三(san)个(ge)(ge)(ge)、四个(ge)(ge)(ge),正应云(yun)(yun)容(rong)(rong)乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)之两(liang)个(ge)(ge)(ge)、三(san)个(ge)(ge)(ge)、四个(ge)(ge)(ge)。若四个(ge)(ge)(ge)上复有馀分,应云(yun)(yun)四个(ge)(ge)(ge),然(ran)後(hou)见(jian)其(qi)分数多少,今直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)不容(rong)(rong)乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)之五个(ge)(ge)(ge),明两(liang)门(men)乃容(rong)(rong)之,犹(you)如(ru)上文云(yun)(yun)中地(di)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)民可任者(zhe)(zhe)二家五人之类也(ye)。

应门(men)二彻参(can)个(ge)。(正门(men)谓之(zhi)应门(men),谓朝门(men)也。二彻之(zhi)内八尺,三个(ge)二丈四尺。)

[疏]注“正门”至“四尺”
  ○释曰(yue):云“正(zheng)门(men)(men)(men)谓之应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)”者,《尔雅》文。以(yi)其(qi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)内路门(men)(men)(men)外有正(zheng)朝,臣入(ru)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)至朝处(chu),君(jun)臣正(zheng)治(zhi)之所,故谓此门(men)(men)(men)为应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men),是(shi)以(yi)郑云“谓朝门(men)(men)(men)也”。

内有九(jiu)室(shi)(shi),九(jiu)嫔居之(zhi)。外(wai)有九(jiu)室(shi)(shi),九(jiu)卿朝(chao)(chao)焉。(内,路寝之(zhi)里(li)也(ye)。外(wai),路门之(zhi)表也(ye)。九(jiu)室(shi)(shi),如今朝(chao)(chao)堂诸曹治事处。九(jiu)嫔掌妇学之(zhi)法以教(jiao)九(jiu)御。六卿三(san)孤为九(jiu)卿。)

[疏]注“内路”至“九卿”
  ○释曰:内(nei)外(wai),据(ju)路寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表里言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)在门外(wai)正(zheng)(zheng)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)右为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故郑据(ju)汉法朝堂诸曹治事处,谓(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)右为庐舍者(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔掌(zhang)妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法以(yi)教九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)御”者(zhe),《九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔职(zhi)》文。按《内(nei)宰》,王有六(liu)宫,九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔已(yi)下分(fen)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若然,不得复分(fen)居(ju)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)矣。此九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)与(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)相(xiang)对而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)是(shi)(shi)治事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)亦是(shi)(shi)治事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,故与(yu)六(liu)宫不同。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)郑引《九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)嫔职(zhi)》掌(zhang)妇学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)是(shi)(shi)教九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)也(ye)。云(yun)“六(liu)卿三(san)孤(gu)(gu)为九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿”,孤(gu)(gu)同卿数(shu)者(zhe),以(yi)命数(shu)同故也(ye)。按《昏义》以(yi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿,谓(wei)三(san)孤(gu)(gu)与(yu)六(liu)卿为九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),此云(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿,亦谓(wei)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)孤(gu)(gu)六(liu)卿为九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿。

九分(fen)(fen)其(qi)国(guo)以为九分(fen)(fen),九卿治(zhi)之。(九分(fen)(fen)其(qi)国(guo),分(fen)(fen)国(guo)之职也(ye)。三孤佐三公论(lun)道,六卿治(zhi)六官之属。)

[疏]注“九分”至“之属”
  ○释曰(yue):云“九(jiu)分其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo),分国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者,郑恐九(jiu)分其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)分其(qi)(qi)地域,故云分国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云“三(san)(san)(san)孤(gu)佐三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)论(lun)道(dao),六(liu)卿(qing)治(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)属”者,欲(yu)见(jian)分职(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)分之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。以其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)孤(gu)无正(zheng)职(zhi)(zhi),天地四时正(zheng)职(zhi)(zhi),六(liu)卿(qing)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)馀非(fei)正(zheng)职(zhi)(zhi)者,分为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)分,三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),三(san)(san)(san)孤(gu)则佐三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者也(ye)。但三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中参六(liu)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),外(wai)与六(liu)乡之(zhi)(zhi)教,《书传》又云司徒公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、司马(ma)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、司空公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),则三(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)六(liu)卿(qing)亦有职(zhi)(zhi)。此亦据夏而言,周则未见(jian)分为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)分也(ye)。

王宫门阿之制五雉,宫隅之制七雉,城隅之制九雉。(阿,栋也。宫隅、城隅,谓角浮思也。雉长三丈,高一丈。度高以高,度广以广。
  ○浮(fu)思,并(bing)如字,本或作罘(fu)ぜ,同。高一,古(gu)报反(fan),後放此(ci)。度,待洛反(fan),下同。)

[疏]注“阿栋”至“以广”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王宫门(men)(men)阿之(zhi)(zhi)制五雉(zhi)”者,五雉(zhi),谓(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)五丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫隅(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)制七雉(zhi)”者,七雉(zhi),亦(yi)谓(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)七丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。不言(yan)(yan)宫墙,宫墙亦(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)五丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“城(cheng)隅(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)制九(jiu)雉(zhi)”者,九(jiu)雉(zhi),亦(yi)谓(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)九(jiu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。不言(yan)(yan)城(cheng)身,城(cheng)身宜七丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阿,栋也(ye)”者,谓(wei)门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)屋,两下为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),其脊高(gao)(gao)(gao)五丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)“浮(fu)思(si)(si)”解“隅(yu)”者,按(an)汉时云(yun)(yun)(yun)“东阙浮(fu)思(si)(si)灾”,言(yan)(yan)灾,则(ze)浮(fu)思(si)(si)者,小楼也(ye)。按(an)《明堂位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“疏屏(ping)”,注亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“今(jin)浮(fu)思(si)(si)也(ye)。刻之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)虫兽,如今(jin)阙上为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。”则(ze)门(men)(men)屏(ping)有屋覆之(zhi)(zhi),与城(cheng)隅(yu)及阙皆有浮(fu)思(si)(si),刻画为(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)并(bing)虫兽者也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雉(zhi)长三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。度高(gao)(gao)(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao),度广以(yi)(yi)(yi)广”者,凡版广二尺。《公羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“五版为(wei)(wei)堵(du),高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),五堵(du)为(wei)(wei)雉(zhi)。”《书传》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“雉(zhi)长三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),度高(gao)(gao)(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao),度长以(yi)(yi)(yi)长,广则(ze)长也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)雉(zhi)则(ze)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),言(yan)(yan)长一(yi)雉(zhi)则(ze)三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)者,证经五雉(zhi)、七雉(zhi)、九(jiu)雉(zhi),雉(zhi)皆为(wei)(wei)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)义。

经涂九轨,环涂七轨,野涂五轨。(广狭之差也。故书“环”或作“に”,杜子春云:“当为环。环涂,谓环城之道。”
  ○环(huan),如字(zi),刘(liu)户串反(fan)。に,户关反(fan)。)

[疏]注“广狭”至“之道”
  ○释曰:“环(huan)涂(tu)”,谓(wei)绕(rao)城道如环(huan)然,故谓(wei)之(zhi)环(huan)也(ye)。“野(ye)涂(tu)”,国外谓(wei)之(zhi)野(ye),通至二(er)百里(li)内。以其(qi)下有都之(zhi)涂(tu)三(san)轨(gui),言都,则三(san)百里(li)大夫家,涂(tu)亦三(san)轨(gui)也(ye),故知此野(ye)通二(er)百里(li)内也(ye)。不言纬者,以与经同也(ye)。

门(men)阿(a)之(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)以为都城之(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)。(都,四百(bai)里外距(ju)五百(bai)里,王子弟所封(feng)。其城隅高五丈,宫隅门(men)阿(a)皆三丈。)

[疏]注“都四”至“三丈”
  ○释曰:郑云(yun)(yun)“都(dou)(dou)(dou),四百里(li)(li)外距五(wu)百里(li)(li),王(wang)子弟所封”者(zhe),则(ze)唯据(ju)(ju)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)而(er)言,不通小(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)卿之采地。以《司(si)裘(qiu)》“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)共熊侯(hou)(hou)、豹侯(hou)(hou),卿大(da)夫(fu)共麋侯(hou)(hou)”,则(ze)卿不入诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)中(zhong)。此云(yun)(yun)都(dou)(dou)(dou),按诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)言,故不及小(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)也。大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)兼(jian)三(san)公,直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)子”,其言略,兼(jian)有三(san)公可知。云(yun)(yun)“城(cheng)隅高五(wu)丈”者(zhe),以上(shang)文王(wang)门(men)阿五(wu)雉(zhi),今云(yun)(yun)“门(men)阿之制(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)”,城(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)雉(zhi)。若据(ju)(ju)城(cheng)身,则(ze)与(yu)下诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)同,故知此城(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)据(ju)(ju)城(cheng)隅也。云(yun)(yun)“宫隅门(men)阿皆三(san)丈”者(zhe),以下文畿外诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)尊(zun)得申,为(wei)台门(men)高五(wu)丈,此畿内屈,故宫隅隅门(men)阿皆三(san)丈也。

宫(gong)隅(yu)之制以(yi)为诸侯之城(cheng)(cheng)制。(诸侯,畿以(yi)外(wai)也。其城(cheng)(cheng)隅(yu)制高七丈(zhang),宫(gong)隅(yu)门阿皆五丈(zhang)。《礼器》曰(yue):“天(tian)子诸侯台门。”)

[疏]注“诸侯”至“台门”
  ○释曰(yue):郑知“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),畿以(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上文都(dou)(dou)(dou)据畿内诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),故知此(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)据畿以(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)也(ye)。引《礼(li)器》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)得与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)。按《异义》,古《周(zhou)礼(li)》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)七(qi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)九雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)七(qi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。侯(hou)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),皆如子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。”隐元年(nian)服注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)古《周(zhou)礼(li)》说同。”其(qi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)公故与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《匠(jiang)人》同,其(qi)侯(hou)伯(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)《匠(jiang)人》说异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)《匠(jiang)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制”,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦谓(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隅(yu)(yu)也(ye)。其(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)侯(hou)伯(bo)等,如是,子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)岂不(bu)如都(dou)(dou)(dou)乎(hu)?明(ming)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)伯(bo)等,是以(yi)(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)礼(li)》说不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)及(ji)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),皆如子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”。有此(ci)《匠(jiang)人》相参(can),以(yi)(yi)(yi)知子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)皆为(wei)(wei)本耳,亦互相晓,明(ming)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)止(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)丈隅(yu)(yu)二(er)丈而(er)已。如是,王宫(gong)(gong)隅(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟谓(wei)上公耳。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)九雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)七(qi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)七(qi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。侯(hou)伯(bo)已下(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),隅(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则宫(gong)(gong)亦五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)隅(yu)(yu)七(qi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫(gong)(gong)隅(yu)(yu)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)皆五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,则其(qi)宫(gong)(gong)亦五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。都(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫(gong)(gong)隅(yu)(yu)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)皆三雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,则其(qi)宫(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)亦三雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宫(gong)(gong)等,明(ming)知其(qi)馀(yu)皆等。惟伯(bo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)等,其(qi)门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)盖高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)於宫(gong)(gong),当如天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?《礼(li)器》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)台门(men)(men)(men),大夫(fu)不(bu)台门(men)(men)(men)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)五(wu)等诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),门(men)(men)(men)阿(a)(a)(a)皆五(wu)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知。都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)据大都(dou)(dou)(dou)而(er)言(yan),其(qi)小都(dou)(dou)(dou)及(ji)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),都(dou)(dou)(dou)当约中五(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),家(jia)当小九之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),为(wei)(wei)差(cha)降之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数未闻也(ye)。

环涂(tu)(tu)以为(wei)诸侯经(jing)涂(tu)(tu),野涂(tu)(tu)以为(wei)都经(jing)涂(tu)(tu)。(经(jing),亦谓城中(zhong)道。诸侯环涂(tu)(tu)五轨,其野涂(tu)(tu)及都环涂(tu)(tu)、野涂(tu)(tu)皆三轨。)

[疏]注“经亦”至“三轨”
  ○释曰(yue):诸(zhu)(zhu)侯直(zhi)云“经涂(tu)”,不言(yan)纬涂(tu),纬涂(tu)亦(yi)与(yu)天子环(huan)(huan)涂(tu)同可(ke)知(zhi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯及(ji)都皆不言(yan)环(huan)(huan)涂(tu)、野(ye)(ye)涂(tu),文略,有可(ke)知(zhi),故郑增成之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。知(zhi)“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯环(huan)(huan)涂(tu)五轨(gui)(gui),野(ye)(ye)涂(tu)三轨(gui)(gui)”者(zhe),以经涂(tu)七(qi)轨(gui)(gui)以下差降(jiang)为之(zhi)(zhi),故知(zhi)义然也(ye)。又知(zhi)“都环(huan)(huan)涂(tu)、野(ye)(ye)涂(tu)皆三轨(gui)(gui)”者(zhe),此(ci)涂(tu)皆男子由右(you),女由左,车从中央,三者(zhe)各一轨(gui)(gui),则(ze)都之(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)(ye)涂(tu)不得降(jiang)为一轨(gui)(gui),是以《遂人》注云“路容三轨(gui)(gui)”,遥释此(ci)也(ye)。云都之(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)(ye)涂(tu)与(yu)环(huan)(huan)涂(tu)同,以其野(ye)(ye)涂(tu)不得上(shang)於田间(jian)川上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)路故也(ye)。

十三经注疏目录】  【上一页】  【周礼注疏目录】  【下一页

请你点此纠错或发表评论 文章录入:09ping    责任编辑:Gaoge 
随机推荐
�Ϻ�Ʒ��,�Ϻ�Ʒ����,�Ϻ�Ʒ�蹤�����Ϻ���ǧ��,�Ϻ���ǧ��Ʒ��,���Ϻ�419��ǧ���Ϻ�gm����Դ,�Ϻ�gmƷ��,�Ϻ�gm��̳