说明(ming):2013年全(quan)国高(gao)考新(xin)课(ke)标卷文言阅读选段(duan)出自《明(ming)史•马(ma)文升传》,以下(xia)为华(hua)语网为你整理的试题原(yuan)文及翻译。(翻译由华(hua)语网特约会员二次审核,请放心(xin)使用,如有错漏(lou),请在评论中(zhong)指出。)
【原文】:
马文(wen)升(sheng),字负图,貌(mao)瑰奇多力。登景泰(tai)二年(nian)(nian)进士(shi)(shi),授御史(shi)(shi)(shi)。历按山西、湖广,风(feng)裁甚(shen)著(zhu)。成化初,召为南京大(da)理卿,满(man)四之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱,录功进左(zuo)副都(dou)御史(shi)(shi)(shi),振(zhen)巩昌、临洮(tao)饥民(min),抚安(an)流移。绩(ji)甚(shen)著(zhu)。是时(shi)败寇(kou)黑水口(kou),又败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)汤(tang)羊岭,勒(le)石(shi)纪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)还。进右都(dou)御史(shi)(shi)(shi),总督(du)漕(cao)运(yun)。淮(huai)、徐、和饥,移江(jiang)南粮(liang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)万石(shi)、盐价银(yin)五(wu)(wu)(wu)万两振(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孝宗(zong)即(ji)位,召拜左(zuo)都(dou)御史(shi)(shi)(shi)。弘治元年(nian)(nian)上言(yan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)事,悉(xi)议(yi)行。帝(di)耕(geng)藉(jie)田(tian),教坊以(yi)(yi)杂戏进。文(wen)升(sheng)正色曰:“新天子当(dang)使知(zhi)稼穑艰难,此何为者(zhe)?”即(ji)斥去。明年(nian)(nian),为兵(bing)部尚(shang)书(shu)(shu),督(du)团营如(ru)故。承平(ping)既久(jiu)(jiu),兵(bing)政废弛,西北部落时(shi)伺塞(sai)下。文(wen)升(sheng)严核诸(zhu)将校,黜贪懦者(zhe)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)人。奸(jian)人大(da)怨,夜(ye)持(chi)弓矢伺其门,或作(zuo)谤书(shu)(shu)射入东(dong)长(zhang)(zhang)安(an)门内。为兵(bing)部十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian),尽(jin)心(xin)戎(rong)务,于屯田(tian)、马政、边(bian)备(bei)、守(shou)御,数条上便宜(yi)。国家事当(dang)言(yan)者(zhe),即(ji)非(fei)职守(shou),亦言(yan)无不尽(jin)。尝以(yi)(yi)太子年(nian)(nian)及四龄,当(dang)早谕(yu)教。请(qing)择醇谨老成知(zhi)书(shu)(shu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),保抱扶持(chi),凡言(yan)语动(dong)止悉(xi)导之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)正。山东(dong)久(jiu)(jiu)旱,浙江(jiang)及南畿水灾(zai),文(wen)升(sheng)请(qing)命所(suo)司振(zhen)恤,练士(shi)(shi)卒以(yi)(yi)备(bei)不虞。帝(di)皆(jie)深纳(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)班列中最为耆硕,帝(di)亦推心(xin)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诸(zhu)大(da)臣(chen)莫敢(gan)望(wang)也。吏部尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)屠(tu)滽罢,倪岳代(dai)滽,岳卒,以(yi)(yi)文(wen)升(sheng)代(dai)。南京、凤阳(yang)大(da)风(feng)雨坏(huai)屋拔木,文(wen)升(sheng)请(qing)帝(di)减膳撤乐,修德省愆,御经筵(yan),绝游宴;停不急(ji)务,止额外织造;振(zhen)饥民(min),捕盗贼。已(yi),又上吏部职掌十(shi)(shi)(shi)事。帝(di)悉(xi)褒纳(na)。正德时(shi),朝(chao)政已(yi)移于中官,文(wen)升(sheng)老,连疏求(qiu)去,许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。家居,非(fei)事未尝入州(zhou)城(cheng)。语及时(shi)事,辄颦蹙(cu)不答。五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)卒,年(nian)(nian)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)。文(wen)升(sheng)有文(wen)武才,长(zhang)(zhang)于应(ying)变,朝(chao)端(duan)大(da)议(yi)往(wang)往(wang)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)决(jue)。功在(zai)边(bian)镇(zhen),外国皆(jie)闻其名。尤重气节,厉廉隅,直道而(er)行。卒后逾年(nian)(nian),大(da)盗至钧州(zhou),以(yi)(yi)文(wen)升(sheng)家在(zai),舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去。
(节选(xuan)自《明史•马文升传》)
【翻译】:
马文升(sheng),字(zi)负图,钧州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)。相貌(mao)奇(qi)异(yi)很有气力(li)。景泰(tai)二年,考中进士,被授予御史(shi)之职(zhi)。历(li)任(ren)山(shan)西、湖广(guang)巡按。刚(gang)正不阿,非常有名。成化(hua)初年,被召为(wei)(wei)南京大理卿。满(man)四(si)(si)之乱(luan)(满(man)四(si)(si),蒙古人(ren),援兵数万在(zai)陕西固原反叛),记功(gong)晋升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)左(zuo)副都(dou)御史(shi)。救济(ji)巩(gong)昌、临洮(tao)饥(ji)民,安抚流民,业绩突出。当时,在(zai)黑水(shui)口(kou)打败入(ru)侵的敌寇,又(you)(you)在(zai)汤羊岭打败他们,刻石(shi)记功(gong)而还(hai)。(后(hou)又(you)(you))晋职(zhi)为(wei)(wei)右都(dou)御史(shi),总(zong)督漕(cao)运。淮(huai)安、徐州(zhou)(zhou)、和(he)州(zhou)(zhou)发生饥(ji)荒,文升(sheng)从江南调去十(shi)万石(shi)粮食、盐价(jia)银五(wu)万两救济(ji)。孝(xiao)宗(zong)即(ji)位,召他入(ru)朝任(ren)命他为(wei)(wei)左(zuo)都(dou)御史(shi)职(zhi)。弘(hong)治元(yuan)年他上(shang)奏十(shi)五(wu)件事,经过讨论后(hou)全都(dou)付(fu)诸(zhu)实行。