卷九 九之二
《鹿鸣》，燕群臣嘉宾也。既饮食之，又实币帛筐篚，以将其厚意，然后忠臣嘉宾得尽其心矣。饮之而有币，酬币也。食之而有币，侑币也。
○饮(yin)，於鸩反(fan)，注(zhu)同(tong)。食音嗣，注(zhu)同(tong)。筐，丘房反(fan)。篚音匪(fei)。侑音又。
[疏]“《鹿鸣》三章，章八句”至“心矣”。
○正义曰：作《鹿鸣》诗者，燕群臣嘉宾也。言人君之於群臣嘉宾，既设飨以饮之，陈馔以食之，又实币帛於筐篚而酬侑之，以行其厚意，然后忠臣嘉宾佩荷恩德，皆得尽其忠诚之心以事上焉。明上隆下报，君臣尽诚，所以为政之美也。言群臣嘉宾者，群臣，君所飨燕，则谓之宾。序发首云“燕群臣”，则此诗为燕群臣而作。经无群臣之文，然则序之群臣，则经之嘉宾，一矣，故群臣嘉宾并言之，明群臣亦为嘉宾也。案《燕礼》云“大夫为宾”，则宾唯一人而已。而云群臣皆为嘉宾者，燕礼於客之内立一人为宾，使宰夫为主，与之对行礼耳。其实君设酒殽，群臣皆在，君为之主，群臣总为宾也。《燕礼》云：“若与四方之宾燕，则迎之于大门内。”四方之宾，唯迎之为异，其燕皆与臣同，则此嘉宾之中，容四方之宾矣，故《乡饮酒》、《燕礼》注云：“《鹿鸣》者，君与臣下及四方之宾燕，讲道脩德之乐歌。”是也。知序之嘉宾，不唯指四方之宾者，以此诗为燕群臣而作，经、序同云嘉宾，不得不为群臣，则序之嘉宾亦为群臣明矣。且序云“尽心”，传曰“竭力”，是己之臣子可知。燕礼者，使反有功与群臣乐之之礼。文王之与臣也，本自隆恩，不必由使出有功乃燕之也。言“既饮食之”，则飨食并有，独言燕群臣者，以食礼无酒乐，飨以训恭俭，非於臣子忻乐之义。经言“式燕以敖，和乐且耽”，此诗主於忻乐，故叙以燕因之，而后兼言飨食也。“既饮食之”，章首二句是也。“实币帛筐篚，以将其厚意”，“承筐是将”是也。忠臣嘉宾得尽其心者，序者因言君有恩惠，可以得臣之心，总美燕乐之事，於经无所当也。序上言群臣，后言忠臣者，见臣蒙燕赐，乃能尽忠，故变文以见义。
○笺“饮之”至“侑币”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此(ci)(ci)(ci)解(jie)饮食(shi)而(er)(er)有(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)帛之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)饮有(you)酬(chou)宾(bin)(bin)送(song)酒之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，食(shi)有(you)侑(you)宾(bin)(bin)劝(quan)饱之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)皆有(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)。饮食(shi)必(bi)(bi)酬(chou)侑(you)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，案《公食(shi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)礼(li)》“宾(bin)(bin)三饭之(zhi)(zhi)”后云(yun)(yun)：“公受(shou)宰夫(fu)(fu)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛以(yi)(yi)(yi)侑(you)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛，十端帛也(ye)。侑(you)犹劝(quan)也(ye)。主(zhu)国君以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)宾(bin)(bin)殷勤之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，未(wei)至复发币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)劝(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)，欲其(qi)(qi)深安宾(bin)(bin)也(ye)。”是(shi)礼(li)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)也(ye)。《飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)：“准此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安宾(bin)(bin)而(er)(er)酬(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)。”案《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)：“若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)食(shi)，使大(da)夫(fu)(fu)朝(chao)服致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)侑(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)食(shi)，谓(wei)有(you)疾病(bing)及(ji)他故(gu)(gu)(gu)。必(bi)(bi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废(fei)其(qi)(qi)礼(li)。”又(you)曰：“致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)亲(qin)(qin)食(shi)有(you)侑(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)食(shi)则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)侑(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。然则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)亲(qin)(qin)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)有(you)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)矣。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)饮之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)有(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，谓(wei)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)。郑必(bi)(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)饮为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)饮食(shi)连文(wen)(wen)。若饮食(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一，则(ze)食(shi)礼(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)於饮。若饮为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)燕(yan)礼(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)文(wen)(wen)在(zai)食(shi)上。且飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)食(shi)相对之(zhi)(zhi)物，有(you)食(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)无(wu)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。《郊特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)：“饮养阳气，故(gu)(gu)(gu)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)禘有(you)乐。”是(shi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)有(you)饮，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)饮谓(wei)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)。《彤弓(gong)》笺云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)饮宾(bin)(bin)曰飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。”《大(da)行人(ren)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)谓(wei)设盛(sheng)礼(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)饮宾(bin)(bin)。”《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)谓(wei)亨(heng)大(da)牢(lao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)饮宾(bin)(bin)。”皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)饮为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，公食(shi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛以(yi)(yi)(yi)侑(you)，其(qi)(qi)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)则(ze)无(wu)文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)酬(chou)宾(bin)(bin)劝(quan)酒之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)闻也(ye)。礼(li)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛乘(cheng)马，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)过。”是(shi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)无(wu)正(zheng)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)。礼(li)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛乘(cheng)马，谓(wei)聘(pin)(pin)享之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，聘(pin)(pin)享止(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛乘(cheng)马而(er)(er)已。侑(you)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)又(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)过”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)诸侯(hou)(hou)於大(da)夫(fu)(fu)，酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过是(shi)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)天(tian)子(zi)酬(chou)诸侯(hou)(hou)，及(ji)诸侯(hou)(hou)自(zi)相酬(chou)，仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛乘(cheng)马，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)又(you)引《礼(li)器》曰：“琥(hu)(hu)璜爵(jue)，盖天(tian)子(zi)酬(chou)诸侯(hou)(hou)也(ye)。”必(bi)(bi)疑琥(hu)(hu)璜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)酬(chou)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)琥(hu)(hu)璜非爵(jue)名(ming)，而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)爵(jue)，明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)送(song)爵(jue)也(ye)。食(shi)礼(li)无(wu)爵(jue)可送(song)，则(ze)琥(hu)(hu)璜飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)酬(chou)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)，谓(wei)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)时酬(chou)宾(bin)(bin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)琥(hu)(hu)璜将币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)耳。《小行人(ren)》“合六币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，琥(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)绣(xiu)，璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼”，则(ze)天(tian)子(zi)酬(chou)诸侯(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼绣(xiu)而(er)(er)琥(hu)(hu)璜将之(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)天(tian)子(zi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)酬(chou)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)与诸侯(hou)(hou)异，则(ze)食(shi)礼(li)天(tian)子(zi)侑(you)诸侯(hou)(hou)，其(qi)(qi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帛，无(wu)文(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)燕(yan)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。燕(yan)礼(li)亦(yi)当有(you)焉(yan)，但今(jin)燕(yan)礼(li)唯(wei)有(you)好货，无(wu)币(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)显(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。兴也。苹，蓱也。鹿得蓱，呦呦然鸣而相呼，恳诚发乎中。以兴嘉乐宾客，当有恳诚相招呼以成礼也。笺云：苹，藾萧。
○呦音幽。苹音平。蓱，本又作“萍”，薄丁反，江东谓之薸。薸音瓢，扶遥反。恳，苦很反。乐音岳，又音洛。藾音赖。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。吹笙鼓簧，承筐是将。簧，笙也。吹笙而鼓簧矣。筐，篚属，所以行币帛也。笺云：承犹奉也。《书》曰：“篚厥玄黄。”
○簧音黄。
人之好我，示我周行。周，至。行，道也。笺云：“示”当作“寘”。寘，置也。周行，周之列位也。好犹善也。人有以德善我者，我则置之於周之列位。言己维贤是用。
○好，呼报反(fan)，注同。示，毛(mao)如(ru)(ru)字(zi)，郑(zheng)作“寘”，之豉反(fan)。行，毛(mao)如(ru)(ru)字(zi)，郑(zheng)胡(hu)郎反(fan)。
[疏]“呦呦”至“周行”。
○毛以为，呦呦然为声者，乃是鹿鸣。所以为此声者，鸣而相呼，食野中之苹草言。鹿既得苹草，有恳笃诚实之心发於中，相呼而共食。以兴文王既有酒食，亦有恳笃诚实之心发於中，召其臣下而共行飨燕之礼以致之。王既有恳诚以召臣下，臣下被召，莫不皆来。我有嘉善之宾，则为之鼓其瑟而吹其笙。吹笙之时，鼓其笙中之簧以乐之，又奉筐篚盛币帛於是而行与之。由此燕食以享之，瑟琴以乐之，币帛以将之，故嘉宾皆爱好我，以敬宾如是，乃输诚矣，示我以先王至美之道也。郑唯下二句为异。言己所以召臣燕食，琴瑟笙币帛爱厚之者，由己臣下之贤，所宜燕飨。所以然者，以本己用官之法，要须人之以德善我者，我则置之於我周之列位。非善不用，维贤是与，故臣下皆贤，己由是当享食之。
○传“鹿得”至“成礼也”。
○正义曰：恳诚发乎中者，以鹿无外貌矫饰之情，得草相呼，出自中心，是其恳诚也。必取恳诚为兴者，人君富有一国，位绝群下，礼有飨燕之道，公法不得不设，忠诚嘉乐实为至少，故取恳诚以为喻。言嘉乐宾客，当有恳诚相招呼以成礼。言人君嘉善爱乐其宾客，而为设酒食，亦当如鹿有恳诚，自相招呼其臣子，以成飨食燕饮之礼焉。以鹿呼同类，犹君呼臣子也。定本“成礼”作“盛礼也”。或以为两鹿相呼，喻两臣相招，谓群臣相呼，以成君礼，斯不然矣。此诗主美君恳诚於臣，非美臣相於恳诚也。若君有酒食，臣自相呼，财非己费，何恳诚之有？故郑《驳异义》解此诗之意云：“君有酒食，欲与群臣嘉宾燕乐之，如鹿得苹草，以为美食，呦呦然鸣，相呼以款诚之意尽於此耳。”据此是君召臣，明矣。
○笺“苹，藾萧”。
○正义曰：《释草》文。郭璞曰：“今藾蒿也。初生亦可食。”陆机《疏》云：“叶青白色，茎似箸而轻脆，始生香，可生食，又可烝食。”是也。易传者，《尔雅》云：“苹，蓱。”其大者为蘋，是水中之草。《召南·采蘋》云“于以采蘋，南涧之滨”者也，非鹿所食，故不从之。
○传“筐篚”至“币帛”。
○正义曰：序云“以将其厚意”，则将为行厚意。此云“行币帛”与宾，即主人行厚意於宾之义也。
○笺“《书》曰：‘厥篚玄黄。’”
○正义曰：笺以筐篚得盛币帛之意也。今《禹贡》止有“厥篚玄纁”之文，而郑《禹贡》注引《胤征》曰“篚厥玄黄”，则此所引亦为《胤征》文，郑误也。当在古文《武成》篇矣。郑不见古文，而引张霸《尚书》，故不同耳。
○传“周，至。行，道”。
○正义曰：王肃述毛云：“谓群臣嘉宾也。夫饮食以享之，琴笙以乐之，币帛以将之，则能好爱我。好爱我，则示我以至美之道矣。”
○笺“示当”至“是用”。
○正义曰：《中庸》云(yun)：“治国(guo)其(qi)如示(shi)(shi)诸掌。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“示(shi)(shi)读(du)如‘寘(zhi)(zhi)之河干’之寘(zhi)(zhi)。寘(zhi)(zhi)，置(zhi)(zhi)也。”是(shi)示(shi)(shi)、寘(zhi)(zhi)声相(xiang)近(jin)，故误为(wei)示(shi)(shi)也。言以(yi)德善我(wo)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人有德，以(yi)德能辅君，使之迁善。是(shi)以(yi)德施善於(wu)(wu)我(wo)，我(wo)则置(zhi)(zhi)之於(wu)(wu)周之列位。言己维贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)用(yong)，不(bu)间其(qi)亲疏。朝(chao)无不(bu)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之臣(chen)，故所(suo)飨燕(yan)而(er)(er)乐(le)之也。易传者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)上下皆(jie)曰嘉宾，此(ci)(ci)独(du)言人，明有异也。又《大东》、《卷(juan)耳》并有周行之文，皆(jie)为(wei)周之列位，此(ci)(ci)不(bu)得(de)异。且(qie)下云(yun)“视(shi)民不(bu)恌(tiao)”，乃作“视(shi)”字，此(ci)(ci)则为(wei)“示(shi)(shi)”，明其(qi)不(bu)同。古者(zhe)(zhe)寘(zhi)(zhi)、示(shi)(shi)同读(du)，故改从寘(zhi)(zhi)也。且(qie)此(ci)(ci)篇圣君贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)讲(jiang)道之乐(le)，观其(qi)垂法(fa)，道教弘深，非直燕(yan)曰诂言而(er)(er)已。明是(shi)据今嘉宾本其(qi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)德，由其(qi)先有善德，置(zhi)(zhi)之於(wu)(wu)官。缘此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，所(suo)以(yi)燕(yan)飨。此(ci)(ci)章本其(qi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，二章言其(qi)法(fa)，上下相(xiang)副，於(wu)(wu)义为(wei)长(zhang)，故易传也。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿。蒿，菣也。
○蒿，呼毛反。菣，去刃反，字又作“菣”，同。本或作“牡菣”，“牡”，衍字耳。我有嘉宾，德音孔昭。视民不恌，君子是则是傚。恌，愉也。是则是傚，言可法傚也。笺云：德音，先王道德之教也。孔，甚。昭，明也。视，古示字也。饮酒之礼，於旅也语。嘉宾之语先王德教甚明，可以示天下之民，使之不愉於礼义。是乃君子所法傚，言其贤也。
○视音示(shi)。恌，他彫(diao)反。傚(xiao)，胡教反。愉，他侯反，又音逾。
我有(you)旨酒，嘉宾式燕以敖(ao)。敖(ao)，游也。
[疏]“我有”至“以敖”。
○正义曰：言文王有酒殽，以召臣下。臣下既来。我有嘉宾，既共燕乐。至於旅酬之时，语先王道德之音甚明。以此嘉宾所语示民，民皆象之，不愉薄於礼义。又此宾之德音，不但可示民而已，是乃君子於是法则之，於是仿傚之。嘉宾之贤如是，故我有旨美之酒，与此嘉宾用之，燕饮以敖游也。
○传“蒿，菣”。
○正义曰：《释草》文。孙炎曰：“荆楚之间谓蒿为菣。”郭璞曰：“今人呼青蒿香中炙啖者为菣。”陆机云：“蒿，青蒿也。荆、豫之间，汝南、汝阴皆云菣也。本或云‘牡菣’者，‘牡’衍字。牡菣乃是蔚，非蒿也。与《蓼莪》传相涉而误耳。”
○笺“视古”至“甚明”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)目示(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)、以(yi)(yi)物(wu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)同(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)，后(hou)世而作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)字(zi)(zi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)，目视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)与示(shi)(shi)(shi)傍见，示(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)单示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，由(you)是经、传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)多相杂(za)乱。此云“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)不(bu)(bu)恌”，谓以(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)音示(shi)(shi)(shi)下民(min)，当作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)小示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，而作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，是其与古(gu)(gu)今(jin)(jin)字(zi)(zi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)义殊(shu)，故郑辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，古(gu)(gu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言古(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“示(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)，正(zheng)(zheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。辨(bian)古(gu)(gu)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)今(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》云：“幼子常视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无诳。”注(zhu)云：“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言古(gu)(gu)“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，正(zheng)(zheng)与今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“示(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)同(tong)。言今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)古(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《士昏礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰：“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸衿(jin)鞶(pan)(pan)。”注(zhu)云：“示(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)衿(jin)鞶(pan)(pan)者，皆(jie)讬戒使识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃正(zheng)(zheng)字(zi)(zi)，今(jin)(jin)文作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)，俗误(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”言“示(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)衿(jin)鞶(pan)(pan)”，亦宜作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“示(shi)(shi)(shi)”，而古(gu)(gu)文《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)，於(wu)今(jin)(jin)文“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“示(shi)(shi)(shi)”字(zi)(zi)。郑以(yi)(yi)见示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)合於(wu)今(jin)(jin)世示(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)，恐人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“示(shi)(shi)(shi)”是“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”非，故辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云：“视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃正(zheng)(zheng)字(zi)(zi)，而今(jin)(jin)文视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)者，俗所误(wu)行(xing)(xing)。”俗以(yi)(yi)见今(jin)(jin)世示(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此示(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，因(yin)改视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)示(shi)(shi)(shi)，而非古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)文，故云误(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“饮酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)，於(wu)旅(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)语(yu)(yu)”者，《乡射记(ji)》曰：“古(gu)(gu)者於(wu)旅(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)语(yu)(yu)。”注(zhu)云：“言礼(li)(li)(li)(li)成乐备，乃可(ke)以(yi)(yi)言语(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。疾今(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)慢於(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛，言语(yu)(yu)无节。”是饮酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)，至旅(lv)酬(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)而语(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言嘉宾(bin)(bin)於(wu)旅(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节，语(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)教(jiao)(jiao)甚(shen)(shen)明(ming)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)，使不(bu)(bu)愉薄(bo)(bo)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)义。愉音臾，《说文》酬(chou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)薄(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭十年《左传》引此诗，服虔亦云“示(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)不(bu)(bu)愉薄(bo)(bo)”，是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“愉若然”。《乡饮酒礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)皆(jie)云：“嘉宾(bin)(bin)既来，示(shi)(shi)(shi)我以(yi)(yi)善(shan)道(dao)，又乐嘉宾(bin)(bin)有(you)孔(kong)(kong)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)德(de)可(ke)则(ze)傚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)德(de)音自宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)德(de)，非先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)教(jiao)(jiao)。及(ji)示(shi)(shi)(shi)我善(shan)道(dao)，不(bu)(bu)与上笺同(tong)者，以(yi)(yi)注(zhu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》时未(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《诗》笺，故同(tong)旧说，以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)行(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)至道(dao)。至注(zhu)《诗》后(hou)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)别(bie)解(jie)其“德(de)音孔(kong)(kong)昭”。据此，论燕宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旅(lv)时语(yu)(yu)古(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)道(dao)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音。其宾(bin)(bin)能(neng)语(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)音，即是宾(bin)(bin)有(you)孔(kong)(kong)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)德(de)。何(he)者？非孔(kong)(kong)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)德(de)者，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)语(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)德(de)教(jiao)(jiao)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)(shen)明(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之芩。芩，草也。
○芩，其今反，《说文》云：“蒿也。”又其炎反。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟鼓琴。鼓瑟鼓琴，和乐且湛。湛，乐之久。
○和乐，音洛，注下皆同。湛，都(dou)南反(fan)，字又作“耽”。
我有旨酒，以燕乐嘉宾之心。燕，安也。夫不能致其乐，则不能得其志，不能得其志，则嘉宾不能竭其力。
○夫不，音符。
[疏]传“芩，草”。
○正义曰：陆机云：“茎如钗股，叶如竹蔓，生泽(ze)中下(xia)地咸处，为草贞实(shi)，牛马亦喜食之(zhi)。”
《鹿(lu)鸣》三(san)章(zhang)，章(zhang)八句。
《四牡》，劳使臣之来也。有功而见知则说矣。文王为西伯之时，三分天下有其二，以服事殷。使臣以王事往来於其职，於其来也，陈其功苦以歌乐之。
○四(si)牡(mu)，茂后反。劳，力报反，篇末注同。使，所吏反，注皆同。说音(yin)悦。乐音(yin)洛。
[疏]“《四牡》三章，章五句”至“说矣”。
○正(zheng)义曰：作《四牡(mu)》诗者，谓(wei)文王(wang)(wang)为(wei)西(xi)伯之(zhi)时，令(ling)其(qi)臣(chen)以王(wang)(wang)事出使於其(qi)所职之(zhi)国，事毕来归，而王(wang)(wang)劳(lao)来之(zhi)也。言凡臣(chen)之(zhi)出使，唯恐其(qi)君不(bu)知(zhi)己功耳。今臣(chen)使反(fan)，有功，而为(wei)王(wang)(wang)所见知(zhi)，则其(qi)臣(chen)忻悦矣。故文王(wang)(wang)所述其(qi)功苦以劳(lao)之(zhi)，而悦其(qi)心(xin)焉。此经五(wu)章(zhang)，皆劳(lao)辞也。其(qi)有功见知(zhi)，则悦矣，总(zong)述劳(lao)意，於经无(wu)所当(dang)也。
四牡騑騑，周道倭迟。騑騑，行不止之貌。周道，歧周之道也。倭迟，历远之貌。文王率诸侯抚叛国，而朝聘乎纣，故周公作乐，以歌文王之道，为后世法。
○騑(fei)，芳(fang)非反。倭，本又作“委”，於(wu)危反。迟，《韩诗》作“倭夷”。朝，直遥反。
岂不怀归？王事靡盬，我心伤悲！盬，不坚固也。思归者，私恩也。靡盬者，公义也。伤悲者，情思也。笺云：无私恩，非孝子也。无公义，非忠臣也。君子不以私害公，不以家事辞王事。
○盬音(yin)古。思，息嗣(si)反。
[疏]“四牡”至“伤悲”。
○正义曰：此使臣既还，文王劳之，言：汝使臣，本乘四牡之马，騑騑然行而不止，在於岐周之道，倭迟然历此长远之路，甚疲劳矣。使臣当尔之时，其言曰：我岂不思归乎？以王家之事无不坚固，我当从役以坚固之，故义不得废，我心念思父母而伤悲。言我知汝之如是也。
○传“騑騑”至“世法”。
○正义曰：以此劳使臣之辞，明愍其劳苦，故以騑騑为行不止之貌。《少仪》曰：“车马之容，騑騑翼翼，虽行不止，不废其容騑騑也。”又二章传曰：“啴啴，喘息之貌。”卒章传曰：“骎骎，骤貌。”皆称其疲苦以劳之，故传曰“马劳则喘息”，是也。知周道为歧周之道者，以时未称王，仍在於歧故也。又解文王所以使臣者，文王率诸侯抚叛国，而使之朝聘於纣，是故使臣於诸侯也。言使臣於诸侯者，正所以率抚之也。《左传》曰：“文王率殷之叛国以事纣。”是率诸侯使朝聘之事也。文王率诸侯使朝聘耳，非谓令此使臣自聘纣。或以经云“王事”，谓此使臣聘纣而反。知不然者，以此经、序无聘纣之事。传言率诸侯朝聘於纣，不言自遣人聘也。若其自遣人聘，安得连朝言之？岂劳使臣之聘，而言身自朝也？又序下笺云：“使臣以王事往来於其职。”是使臣行於所职之国，非適天子之都也。言王事者，以行役使出，是王者常事，即非適王畿也，故《鸨羽》、《杕杜》皆言“王事靡盬”，非聘天子之事，不得以王事之文便谓天子矣。言周公作乐，歌文王之道，为后世法者，谓今《乡饮酒》、《燕礼》皆歌《鹿鸣》、《四牡》、《皇皇者华》，此礼是周公所制法，后世常歌，是为歌文王之道为后世法。定本云“作乐以文王之道”，无“周公歌”三字。然《鹿鸣》、《皇皇者华》皆歌之，独於此言者，举中以明上下。
○传“思归”至“王事”。
○正义(yi)曰：传以(yi)靡盬为(wei)(wei)公义(yi)，故(gu)以(yi)思(si)归(gui)(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)私(si)(si)(si)恩(en)(en)，以(yi)我心伤(shang)悲出自(zi)其情(qing)，故(gu)曰情(qing)思(si)。情(qing)思(si)即私(si)(si)(si)恩(en)(en)，主谓念(nian)忆(yi)父母。下章云“不遑启处”，将父、母，是也。笺以(yi)传言(yan)未备(bei)，故(gu)赞之云：“无私(si)(si)(si)恩(en)(en)，非(fei)(fei)孝子(zi)。无公义(yi)，非(fei)(fei)忠臣。”故(gu)郑(zheng)《乡饮酒》、《燕礼》注(zhu)皆云“采其勤(qin)苦王事，念(nian)将父、母，怀归(gui)(gui)(gui)伤(shang)悲，忠孝之至”，是也。思(si)归(gui)(gui)(gui)而不归(gui)(gui)(gui)者，以(yi)君子(zi)不以(yi)私(si)(si)(si)害公，故(gu)又(you)(you)引(yin)《公羊传》不以(yi)家事辞王事以(yi)证(zheng)之焉(yan)。《集(ji)注(zhu)》及定本皆无“笺云”两(liang)字。又(you)(you)定本“私(si)(si)(si)恩(en)(en)”作“思(si)恩(en)(en)”。
四牡騑騑，啴啴骆马。啴啴，喘息之貌。马劳则喘息。白马黑鬛曰骆。
○啴(tan)，他丹反。骆音(yin)洛。喘，川兖反。鬛，本又作“<马巤>”，力辄(zhe)反，本又作“髦”，音(yin)毛(mao)。
岂不怀归？王事靡盬，不遑启处！遑，暇。启，跪。处，居也。臣受命，舍币于祢乃行。
○跪，求毁反，郭巨几(ji)反，沈(shen)堪彼反。舍音(yin)释。祢(mi)，乃(nai)礼反。
[疏]传“臣受”至“乃行”。
○正义曰：案(an)《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)：“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使(shi)者，使(shi)者辞。君不许(xu)(xu)，乃退。厥明，宾朝服(fu)，释(shi)币(bi)(bi)于祢。”注云(yun)(yun)：“告为君使(shi)也。”又曰：“释(shi)币(bi)(bi)于行(xing)，遂(sui)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，遂(sui)行(xing)。”注引《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)》曰：“凡为君使(shi)，已(yi)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，君言不宿(su)於(wu)家。”是(shi)臣(chen)出(chu)使(shi)，舍币(bi)(bi)乃行(xing)之事也。如《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》既(ji)释(shi)币(bi)(bi)於(wu)祢，於(wu)行(xing)乃云(yun)(yun)“遂(sui)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”，在(zai)释(shi)币(bi)(bi)之后。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)“臣(chen)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，舍币(bi)(bi)於(wu)祢”，似受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在(zai)释(shi)币(bi)(bi)前者。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)“受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”，谓《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使(shi)者，使(shi)者辞。君不许(xu)(xu)”，受(shou)此(ci)被遣(qian)将使(shi)之命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，其(qi)事在(zai)释(shi)币(bi)(bi)前也。《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》又云(yun)(yun)“遂(sui)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者，谓受(shou)君言语聘(pin)(pin)彼(bi)之意(yi)，与此(ci)臣(chen)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者别也。引此(ci)者，证“不遑启(qi)处(chu)”，言臣(chen)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)即行(xing)，是(shi)不遑启(qi)处(chu)也。
翩翩者鵻，载飞载下，集于苞栩。鵻，夫不也。笺云：夫不，鸟之悫谨者。人皆爱之，可以不劳，犹则飞则下，止於栩木。喻人虽无事，其可获安乎？感厉之。
○翩音篇(pian)。鵻(zhui)音隹，本又作(zuo)(zuo)“隹”。栩，况甫(fu)反。夫(fu)，方于反，字又作(zuo)(zuo)“鳺”，同(tong)(tong)。不，方浮反，又如字，字又作(zuo)(zuo)“鸠”，同(tong)(tong)。《草木疏》云(yun)：“夫(fu)不，一名(ming)浮鸠。”悫，起(qi)角反。
王事靡盬，不遑将父！将，养也。
○养，以尚反(fan)，下注同，一音(yin)如字。
[疏]“翩翩”至“将父”。
○正义曰：文王以使臣劳苦，因劝厉之。言翩翩然者，鵻之鸟也。此鸟其性悫谨，人皆爱之，可以不劳，犹则飞而后则下，始得集於苞栩之木。言先飞而后获所集，以喻人亦当先劳而后得所安。汝使臣虽则劳苦，得奉使成功，名扬身达，亦先劳而后息，宁可辞乎！汝从劳役，其言曰：王家之事，无不坚固，我坚固王事，所以不暇在家，以养父母。
○传“鵻，夫不”。
○正义曰：《释鸟》云：“鵻其，夫不。”舍人曰：“鵻，一名夫不。”李巡曰：“夫不，一名鵻。今楚鸠也。”某氏引《春秋》云：“‘祝鸠氏，司徒。’祝鸠，鵻，夫不，孝，故为司徒。”郭璞曰：“今鹁鸠也。”
○笺“夫不”至“栩木”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：言悫谨者(zhe)，即宜不(bu)(bu)劳(lao)是也，故(gu)人爱之。言可以不(bu)(bu)劳(lao)者(zhe)，以恶鸟(niao)(niao)劳(lao)苦，固是其(qi)常(chang)。悫谨之鸟(niao)(niao)，宜不(bu)(bu)为劳(lao)，尚则飞而乃有所集(ji)，是无不(bu)(bu)劳(lao)而安(an)者(zhe)，故(gu)曰(yue)：“人虽(sui)无事，其(qi)可获安(an)乎？”鸟(niao)(niao)飞，自然之性，言劳(lao)者(zhe)，喻取一边耳(er)。
翩翩者鵻，载飞载止，集于苞杞。杞，枸檵也。
○杞音(yin)起(qi)。枸音(yin)苟，本亦(yi)作“苟”，同。檵音(yin)计(ji)。王(wang)事(shi)靡(mi)盬，不遑将母！
驾彼四骆，载骤骎骎。骎骎，骤貌。
○骤，助救反(fan)(fan)，又仕救反(fan)(fan)。骎(qin)，楚金反(fan)(fan)，《字林》云“马行疾也”，七(qi)林反(fan)(fan)。
岂不怀归？是用作歌，将母来谂！谂，念也。父兼尊亲之道。母至亲而尊不至。笺云：谂，告也。君劳使臣，述时其情。女曰：我岂不思归乎？诚思归也。故作此诗之歌，以养父母之志，来告於君也。人之思，恒思亲者，再言将母，亦其情也。
○谂音审。
[疏]“岂不”至“来谂”。
○毛以为，汝使臣在涂之时，其情皆曰：我岂不思归乎？我由汝诚有思归，是用作此诗之歌以劳汝。知汝以养母之志而来念，犹言念来养母，故王述曰：是用作歌以劳汝，乃来念养母也。
○郑以笺备。
○传“谂念”至“不至”。
○正义曰：“谂，念”，《释言》文。《孝经》曰：“资於事父以事君而敬同，资於事父以事母而爱同。兼之者父也。”敬为尊，爱为亲，是父兼尊亲之道。又曰：“母取其爱。”《表记》曰：“母亲而不尊。”是母至亲而尊不至也。称此者，解再言将母。意以父虽至亲，犹兼至尊，则恩不至，故《表记》曰：“父尊而不亲。”母以尊少则恩意偏多，故再言之。
○笺“谂告”至“其情”。
○正义曰：《左传(chuan)》辛伯谂(shen)(shen)周(zhou)桓(huan)公(gong)，是以(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)周(zhou)桓(huan)公(gong)，故(gu)知(zhi)谂(shen)(shen)为告(gao)(gao)(gao)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“故(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，以(yi)养母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，来(lai)告(gao)(gao)(gao)於(wu)君(jun)(jun)”者，言(yan)(yan)(yan)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)劳苦思亲(qin)，谓(wei)君(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，欲(yu)(yu)陈此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)来(lai)告(gao)(gao)(gao)君(jun)(jun)，使(shi)(shi)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。实欲(yu)(yu)陈言(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)是用作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)者，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)实意(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。君(jun)(jun)劳而述(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，后遂(sui)为歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。据今诗(shi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)以(yi)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)为作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)。凡诗(shi)述(shu)序(xu)人(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)为歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，诗(shi)本(ben)(ben)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)皆曰歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。下云(yun)“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《采(cai)薇》以(yi)遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)《序(xu)》笺云(yun)“陈其(qi)(qi)功苦以(yi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，皆当时直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，非歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)。后为诗(shi)人(ren)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，故(gu)云(yun)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)耳。又申传(chuan)尊亲(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)“人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思，恒思亲(qin)”者，尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慈(ci)恩实亲(qin)多於(wu)父。文王(wang)述(shu)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，再言(yan)(yan)(yan)“将母(mu)”，亦其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)(yu)，故(gu)再言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。易传(chuan)者，首章云(yun)“岂不(bu)(bu)怀归(gui)，王(wang)事(shi)靡盬，我心伤(shang)悲”，文连(lian)我心，是述(shu)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞矣(yi)。类此(ci)(ci)(ci)而推，则(ze)“是用作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，将母(mu)来(lai)谂(shen)(shen)”，亦序(xu)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。既序(xu)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，明“是用作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)”，为使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，其(qi)(qi)“来(lai)谂(shen)(shen)”不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)为告(gao)(gao)(gao)也(ye)(ye)。犹君(jun)(jun)子作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，维以(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)哀，是作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)来(lai)告(gao)(gao)(gao)，不(bu)(bu)得为念也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)臣(chen)有劳苦，患上不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，今君(jun)(jun)劳使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)汝曰“岂不(bu)(bu)思归(gui)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)来(lai)告(gao)(gao)(gao)”，是明已知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)功，探情以(yi)劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)为悦。序(xu)曰“有功而见知(zhi)则(ze)悦矣(yi)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)。
《四(si)牡》五(wu)章，章五(wu)句。
《皇皇者华》，君遣使臣也。送之以礼乐，言远而有光华也。言臣出使，能扬君之美，延其誉於四方，则为不辱命也。
○使，所(suo)吏反，注下并(bing)同。不辱命，一本作“不辱君命”。
[疏]“《皇皇者华》五章，章四句”至“光华”。
○正义(yi)曰：作《皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)(hua)(hua)》诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)时，送(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)，教以(yi)(yi)若将不(bu)及，驱驰(chi)而(er)行(xing)於忠信之(zhi)(zhi)人，咨访於五善。言(yan)(yan)臣(chen)出(chu)使(shi)(shi)，当(dang)扬君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)美，使(shi)(shi)远(yuan)而(er)有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)焉。送(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)，即首章(zhang)下二(er)(er)句(ju)尽卒章(zhang)是(shi)也(ye)。此(ci)谦虚访善，直为礼(li)(li)(li)耳(er)，而(er)并言(yan)(yan)乐(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)相将，既能(neng)(neng)有(you)礼(li)(li)(li)敏达，则能(neng)(neng)心和乐(le)(le)易，故兼言(yan)(yan)焉。言(yan)(yan)远(yuan)而(er)有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)，即首章(zhang)上二(er)(er)句(ju)是(shi)也(ye)。经、序倒(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经以(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)，主敕使(shi)(shi)有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)得光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，当(dang)驱驰(chi)访善，故为此(ci)次也(ye)。序以(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)本送(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)，欲使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)，为文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)势，故与经不(bu)同也(ye)。知(zhi)远(yuan)而(er)有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)，亦是(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)戒辞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)首曰“皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)(hua)(hua)”，而(er)云君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)，则知(zhi)此(ci)辞亦君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)敕遣(qian)也(ye)。且一篇之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，独二(er)(er)句(ju)非(fei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)辞，於文(wen)不(bu)体也(ye)。文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，非(fei)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)奉命有(you)光(guang)(guang)华(hua)(hua)(hua)，但此(ci)圣君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，垂示典法，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)能(neng)(neng)戒遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)无辱命。主美君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遣(qian)，明是(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)敕，非(fei)说臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)自能(neng)(neng)矣(yi)。
皇皇者华，于彼原隰。皇皇，犹煌煌也。高平曰原。下湿曰隰。忠臣奉使，能光君命，无远无近，如华不以高下易其色。笺云：无远无近，维所之则然。
○煌(huang)音(yin)(yin)皇，又音(yin)(yin)晃。
駪々征夫，每怀靡及。駪々，众多之貌。征夫，行人也。每，虽。怀，和也。笺云：《春秋外传》曰：“怀和为每怀也。”“和”当为“私”。行夫既受君命当速行，每人怀其私相稽留，则於事将无所及。
○駪(shen)，所巾反。
[疏]“皇皇”至“靡及”。
○正义曰：此述文王敕使臣之辞。言煌煌然而光明者是草木之华，於彼原之与隰皆煌煌而光明，不以高下而易其色也。以言臣之出使，当光显其君，常不辱命，於彼遐之与迩，皆使光扬，不以远近而易其志也。汝駪駪众多之行夫，受命当速行。每人怀其私，以相稽留，则於事无所及矣。既不稽留，恐无所及，故当速行，驱驰访善也。
○传“皇皇，犹煌煌”。
○正义曰：《东门之杨》曰“明星煌煌”，此犹彼也。以华色煌煌为宜，故犹之。
○传“每，虽。怀，和”。
○正义曰：本皆如此。此既以每为虽，怀为和，而章传云：“虽有中和，当自谓无所及。”王肃以为，下传所言，覆说此也，故述毛云：“使臣之行，必有上介，众介虽多，内怀中和之道，犹自以无所及，是以驱驰而咨诹之。”
○笺“春秋”至“所及”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)，亦(yi)述毛(mao)也，但其(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)与(yu)王肃异耳。案(an)《鲁语》穆叔云：“《皇皇者(zhe)华(hua)》，君(jun)(jun)教使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臣曰(yue)：‘每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)靡(mi)及。’臣闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：‘怀(huai)(huai)(huai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)。’”是《外(wai)(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》以(yi)(yi)为(wei)“怀(huai)(huai)(huai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)文，因正(zheng)其(qi)(qi)误，云：“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)当为(wei)私。为(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)误也。”郑(zheng)(zheng)必当为(wei)“私”者(zhe)，《晋(jin)语》姜(jiang)氏劝重耳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)曰(yue)：“‘駪(shen)駪(shen)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)夫(fu)，每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)靡(mi)及’。夙夜征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)遑(huang)启(qi)处，犹惧不(bu)(bu)(bu)及，况其(qi)(qi)纵欲怀(huai)(huai)(huai)安(an)，将(jiang)何及乎？西方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云：‘怀(huai)(huai)(huai)与(yu)安(an)，实病大事(shi)。’《郑(zheng)(zheng)诗(shi)》曰(yue)：‘仲(zhong)可(ke)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)也。’《郑(zheng)(zheng)诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)，吾从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”观(guan)此(ci)(ci)《晋(jin)语》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文及《郑(zheng)(zheng)诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)“怀(huai)(huai)(huai)”为(wei)“私怀(huai)(huai)(huai)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，明《鲁语》所云，亦(yi)当为(wei)“怀(huai)(huai)(huai)私”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得为(wei)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”也。郑(zheng)(zheng)所以(yi)(yi)引(yin)(yin)《外(wai)(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》而破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云“怀(huai)(huai)(huai)，和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”，是用《外(wai)(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》为(wei)义，故(gu)引(yin)(yin)而破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，言(yan)毛(mao)氏亦(yi)为(wei)“私”也。如郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)意(yi)(yi)，则(ze)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)本无(wu)(wu)“每(mei)(mei)虽(sui)(sui)”二字。若“每(mei)(mei)”为(wei)“虽(sui)(sui)”，纵使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)变“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”为(wei)“私”，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得与(yu)毛(mao)同也。此(ci)(ci)既改传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”当为(wei)“私”，下(xia)复解(jie)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)“中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”为(wei)“忠(zhong)信”，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)终始立说(shuo)，明其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)异毛(mao)也。盖郑(zheng)(zheng)所据者(zhe)，本无(wu)(wu)“每(mei)(mei)虽(sui)(sui)”，后人以(yi)(yi)下(xia)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)有“虽(sui)(sui)有中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，下(xia)篇“每(mei)(mei)有良朋”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)有“每(mei)(mei)虽(sui)(sui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训，因而加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。定本亦(yi)有“每(mei)(mei)虽(sui)(sui)”。又传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)以(yi)(yi)駪(shen)駪(shen)为(wei)众(zhong)多，征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)夫(fu)为(wei)行(xing)人，故(gu)笺(jian)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)：“众(zhong)行(xing)夫(fu)既受(shou)命(ming)，当须速行(xing)。若每(mei)(mei)人各怀(huai)(huai)(huai)其(qi)(qi)私意(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)相稽留(liu)，则(ze)於事(shi)将(jiang)无(wu)(wu)所及。”言(yan)其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)废(fei)失君(jun)(jun)命(ming)，后於事(shi)机也。此(ci)(ci)实使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臣，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)夫(fu)者(zhe)，犹《春秋》以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)为(wei)行(xing)人也。君(jun)(jun)遣使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一人而已，而云众(zhong)行(xing)夫(fu)者(zhe)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)上介(jie)(jie)、众(zhong)介(jie)(jie)总戒敕(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)一，故(gu)言(yan)众(zhong)也。案(an)《聘(pin)礼》谓使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)受(shou)命(ming)於君(jun)(jun)，唯上介(jie)(jie)立於其(qi)(qi)左(zuo)接闻命(ming)，众(zhong)介(jie)(jie)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)。此(ci)(ci)得总敕(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，彼受(shou)命(ming)者(zhe)，所聘(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，或国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密事(shi)，唯使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)上介(jie)(jie)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)众(zhong)介(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)闻命(ming)。至君(jun)(jun)遣使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臣，临涂戒敕(chi)，虽(sui)(sui)众(zhong)介(jie)(jie)亦(yi)在也。如是，则(ze)《烝民》亦(yi)云“征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)夫(fu)捷捷，每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)靡(mi)及”，笺(jian)为(wei)仲(zhong)山甫(fu)戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与(yu)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)，彼非(fei)君(jun)(jun)遣使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，述美仲(zhong)山甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，观(guan)其(qi)(qi)文势，故(gu)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)异耳。
我马维驹，六辔如濡。笺云：如濡，言鲜泽也。
○驹音(yin)俱，本亦作(zuo)“骄”。濡，如朱反。
载驰载驱，周爰咨诹。忠信为周。访问於善为咨。咨事为诹。笺云：爰，於也。大夫出使，驰驱而行，见忠信之贤人，则於之访问，求善道也。
○咨(zi)，本亦作“谘”。诹，子须反，《尔雅》云(yun)：“谋也。”《说文》云(yun)：“聚谋也。”
[疏]“我马”至“咨诹”。
○正义曰：此文王教使臣曰：“我使臣出使，所乘之马维是驹矣。所御六辔，如污物之被洗濯，濡湿甚鲜泽矣。汝当乘是车饰，自谓无及，则驱驰速行，求忠信之贤人，咨访其诹事焉。”
○传“忠信”至“为诹”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：三(san)章(zhang)(zhang)传云(yun)(yun)：“咨(zi)(zi)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)易(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谋。”四章(zhang)(zhang)传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“咨(zi)(zi)礼义(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)(du)。”卒章(zhang)(zhang)传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“亲(qin)戚之(zhi)(zhi)谋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)询。”此皆出於《外传》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左(zuo)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“访(fang)(fang)问(wen)於善(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)咨(zi)(zi)。”杜(du)预(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“问(wen)善(shan)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“咨(zi)(zi)亲(qin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)询”，杜(du)预(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“问(wen)亲(qin)戚之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“咨(zi)(zi)礼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)(du)”，杜(du)预(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“问(wen)礼宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“咨(zi)(zi)事(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诹”，杜(du)预(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“问(wen)政事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“咨(zi)(zi)难(nan)(nan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谋”，杜(du)预(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“问(wen)患(huan)难(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”唯“难(nan)(nan)”一事(shi)，杜(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“患(huan)难(nan)(nan)”，毛(mao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“难(nan)(nan)易(yi)”，不同(tong)(tong)。然患(huan)难(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，亦须访(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)难(nan)(nan)易(yi)，理亦不异。馀皆与传同(tong)(tong)。毛(mao)据彼传，因以(yi)义(yi)(yi)增(zeng)而明之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)“忠信为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周”一句(ju)，《鲁(lu)语(yu)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鲁(lu)语(yu)》无“访(fang)(fang)问(wen)於善(shan)”一句(ju)。又云(yun)(yun)“咨(zi)(zi)才为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诹，咨(zi)(zi)事(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谋”，与《左(zuo)传》异。韦昭以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)字(zi)误(wu)，改(gai)从《左(zuo)传》，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“才当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“事(shi)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。馀与《左(zuo)传》同(tong)(tong)。此四者(zhe)，诹、谋、度(du)(du)、询俱(ju)访(fang)(fang)於周，而必为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此次(ci)者(zhe)，以(yi)咨(zi)(zi)是访(fang)(fang)名，所(suo)(suo)访(fang)(fang)者(zhe)事(shi)，故先咨(zi)(zi)诹。事(shi)有难(nan)(nan)易(yi)，故次(ci)咨(zi)(zi)谋。既有难(nan)(nan)易(yi)，当访(fang)(fang)礼法所(suo)(suo)宜，故次(ci)咨(zi)(zi)度(du)(du)。所(suo)(suo)宜之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，当有亲(qin)疏，故次(ci)咨(zi)(zi)询。因此附会其(qi)(qi)文为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先后耳。
我马维骐，六辔如丝。言调忍也。
○骐音其。忍音刃。载驰载驱，周爰咨谋。咨事之难易为谋。
○易(yi)，以豉反。
我马维骆，六辔沃若。载驰载驱，周爰咨度。咨礼义所宜为度。
○沃，乌毒反(fan)，沈又於(wu)缚反(fan)。度，待洛反(fan)，注(zhu)同。
我马维骃，六辔既均。阴白杂毛曰骃。均，调也。
○骃音因。
载驰载驱，周爰咨询。亲戚之谋为询。兼此五者，虽有中和，当自谓“无所及成於六德”也。笺云：中和，谓忠信也。五者：咨也，诹也，谋也，度也，询也。虽得此於忠信之贤人，犹当云“己将无所及於事，则成六德”。言慎其事。
○询音荀。谘亲(qin)为询。
[疏]传“兼此”至“六德”。
○正义曰：《左传》云：“臣获五善。”是也。《鲁语》曰：“重之以六德。”是传之所据。
○笺“中和”至“其事”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)笺(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)毛(mao)(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)明，赞成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)说。经云(yun)(yun)周，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诹(zou)(zou)、谋、度皆咨周而得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，当(dang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)“每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)靡及”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)君敕使臣云(yun)(yun)“若每(mei)(mei)人(ren)怀(huai)私(si)，则(ze)(ze)於(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及”，故(gu)(gu)当(dang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)(pian)终，故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)於(wu)(wu)是(shi)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)而《外(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)“忠信(xin)为(wei)(wei)周”，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)申言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，正谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忠信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)毛(mao)(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)忠信(xin)，而云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸》曰(yue)“喜怒哀乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未发谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，发而皆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)节谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”，则(ze)(ze)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，秉心塞渊，出(chu)(chu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)允当(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)於(wu)(wu)文，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心为(wei)(wei)忠，人(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)信(xin)，是(shi)忠信(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)事(shi)(shi)理相类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)毛(mao)(mao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)忠信(xin)为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。郑(zheng)据成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文，转(zhuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)忠信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，咨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，诹(zou)(zou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，谋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，询也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》穆(mu)叔先解此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)，乃曰(yue)“臣获五(wu)(wu)善(shan)”，故(gu)(gu)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)虽(sui)得(de)(de)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)(wu)忠信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆於(wu)(wu)周咨焉，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。咨出(chu)(chu)於(wu)(wu)己(ji)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)出(chu)(chu)於(wu)(wu)彼(bi)。同云(yun)(yun)得(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由遇彼(bi)贤，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)访，故(gu)(gu)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)忠信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)得(de)(de)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，犹当(dang)云(yun)(yun)：“‘己(ji)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及於(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六德(de)(de)。’言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)慎其(qi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”韦昭云(yun)(yun)：“六德(de)(de)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诹(zou)(zou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，谋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，询也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，咨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，周也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案(an)周者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质，不(bu)当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周备(bei)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)於(wu)(wu)六德(de)(de)”，笺(jian)(jian)申传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)说，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“犹当(dang)云(yun)(yun)‘己(ji)将无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及於(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六德(de)(de)’”。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)笺(jian)(jian)、传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及於(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)”，是(shi)谦虚谨慎，以(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)一，通彼(bi)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)六德(de)(de)，不(bu)与(yu)韦昭同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)说，赞成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)毛(mao)(mao)义(yi)，故(gu)(gu)《郑(zheng)志》张逸(yi)问(wen)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)笺(jian)(jian)云(yun)(yun)：‘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忠信(xin)。’‘每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)靡及’，笺(jian)(jian)云(yun)(yun)：‘怀(huai)私(si)为(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)，和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)私(si)。’而此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)忠信(xin)，愚意(yi)似(si)乖也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”答曰(yue)：“非(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。己(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)，复问(wen)忠信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤人(ren)。”问(wen)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)(chu)於(wu)(wu)“每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)靡及”而来。笺(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)破“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”为(wei)(wei)“私(si)”，则(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)复有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。今又(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，故(gu)(gu)怪而问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)答曰(yue)：“非(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”非(fei)(fei)(fei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)“每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)自(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)“周忠信(xin)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，义(yi)出(chu)(chu)於(wu)(wu)“周”，不(bu)出(chu)(chu)於(wu)(wu)“每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)张逸(yi)亦(yi)不(bu)知笺(jian)(jian)转(zhuan)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)申毛(mao)(mao)意(yi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)破“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”而非(fei)(fei)(fei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)问(wen)。郑(zheng)答曰(yue)“非(fei)(fei)(fei)”，是(shi)郑(zheng)不(bu)易(yi)(yi)毛(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但毛(mao)(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)质略，事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久远，未知郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)说上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)当(dang)毛(mao)(mao)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)否，要以(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)其(qi)答意(yi)及笺(jian)(jian)意(yi)必当(dang)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王肃以(yi)(yi)(yi)毛(mao)(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)“每(mei)(mei)，虽(sui)。怀(huai)，和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙毓(yu)亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)其(qi)评(ping)曰(yue)：“按此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)(pian)毛(mao)(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)说自(zi)(zi)(zi)相申成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。下(xia)章传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)‘虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，当(dang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)及’，即(ji)是(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)章谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)‘每(mei)(mei)怀(huai)靡及’，‘每(mei)(mei)，虽(sui)。怀(huai)，和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。笺(jian)(jian)既易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)前，为(wei)(wei)说於(wu)(wu)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)：‘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忠信(xin)。’自(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，何得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)乎？上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)错戾(li)，不(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)通。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)义(yi)为(wei)(wei)长。遍检《书(shu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》，不(bu)见训‘怀(huai)’为(wei)(wei)‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)’。假使训‘怀(huai)’为(wei)(wei)‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)’，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)字犹无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)出(chu)(chu)。《外(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)怀(huai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)文势皆作(zuo)私(si)怀(huai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，则(ze)(ze)郑(zheng)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)实有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)据。而今诗本(ben)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)‘每(mei)(mei)，虽(sui)’，则(ze)(ze)王肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说又(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理。郑(zheng)、王并是(shi)大儒，俱云(yun)(yun)述传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，未知谁得(de)(de)其(qi)旨，故(gu)(gu)兼载申说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉。”
《皇(huang)皇(huang)者华》五章，章四句。
《常棣》，燕兄弟也。闵管、蔡之失道，故作《常棣》焉。周公吊二叔之不咸，而使兄弟之恩疏。召公为作此诗，而歌之以亲之。
○常棣，大(da)计反，《字林》大(da)内(nei)反。召，上照(zhao)反。为作，于伪(wei)反。
[疏]“《常棣》八章，章四句”至“棣焉”。
○正义曰：作《常棣》诗者，言燕兄弟也。谓王者以兄弟至亲，宜加恩惠，以时燕而乐之。周公述其事，而作此诗焉。兄弟者，共父之亲。推而广之，同姓宗族皆是也。故经云：“兄弟既具，和乐且孺。”则远及九族宗亲，非独燕同怀兄弟也。序又说所以作此燕兄弟之诗者，周公闵伤管叔、蔡叔失兄弟相承顺之道，不能和睦，以乱王室，至於被诛，使己兄弟之恩疏，恐天下见在上既然皆疏兄弟，故作此《常棣》之诗，言兄弟不可不亲，以敦天下之俗焉。此序序其由管、蔡而作诗，意直言兄弟至亲，须加燕饫，以示王者之法，不论管、蔡之事。以管、蔡已缺，不须论之，且所以为隐也。此经八章，上四章言兄弟光显，意难相须；五章言安宁之日，始求朋友，以明兄弟之重。至此上论兄弟由亲，所以燕之。六章始说燕饫，即充此云燕兄弟也。燕、饫礼异，饫以非常事，燕主欢心，故言燕以兼饫。卒章言室家相宜，由於燕好，取其首尾相成也。
○笺“周公”至“亲之”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)解所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。咸(xian)，和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)闵伤(shang)此(ci)(ci)(ci)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)睦，而(er)(er)流言(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乱(luan)(luan)，用兵诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，致令兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)疏，恐其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)下(xia)见(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疏兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)燕兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)取兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。至厉(li)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，弃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)，又(you)(you)使兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)疏。召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)，又(you)(you)重述(shu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)歌(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《外(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)：“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)阋於(wu)墙，外(wai)御其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侮(wu)。’”则此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)成王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)见(jian)(jian)厉(li)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)恩(en)疏，重歌(ge)此(ci)(ci)(ci)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，故(gu)(gu)郑答赵商(shang)云(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)赋诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，或(huo)造篇，或(huo)诵(song)古(gu)(gu)。”所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)诵(song)古(gu)(gu)，指此(ci)(ci)(ci)召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诵(song)古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇，非(fei)造之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)自(zi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，郑辄言(yan)(yan)(yan)召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事(shi)，因《左氏(shi)》所(suo)(suo)论(lun)(lun)而(er)(er)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“王(wang)(wang)怒，将以(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)伐郑。富(fu)辰谏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)可。臣闻大上以(yi)(yi)(yi)德抚民，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次亲(qin)(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昔(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)吊(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)，故(gu)(gu)封(feng)建(jian)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)戚(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)藩屏周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)类(lei)(lei)，故(gu)(gu)纠(jiu)合(he)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)於(wu)成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华，鄂不(bu)(bu)(bu)韡韡。凡(fan)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，莫(mo)如(ru)(ru)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)。’”周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有懿德如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，犹曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)莫(mo)如(ru)(ru)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)封(feng)建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)怀柔天(tian)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，犹惧有外(wai)侮(wu)。捍御侮(wu)莫(mo)如(ru)(ru)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)屏周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)吊(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)，召(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。检《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》止言(yan)(yan)(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)吊(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)，而(er)(er)封(feng)建(jian)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)戚(qi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恩(en)疏作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)“召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)类(lei)(lei)，纠(jiu)合(he)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)於(wu)成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》”，则周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)本作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)纠(jiu)合(he)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)可知。但(dan)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)文(wen)欲(yu)详之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)后(hou)，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)封(feng)建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》耳。末(mo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)召(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)明(ming)本《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)，故(gu)(gu)杜预云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，召(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)序言(yan)(yan)(yan)“闵管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)道”，《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)“吊(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)虽异，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意同。吊(diao)(diao)，伤(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)即管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)即失(shi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。实是(shi)(shi)(shi)一事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)郑引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先儒说《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)，郑众(zhong)、贾(jia)逵(kui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，马融以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)(shi)。故(gu)(gu)《郑志》张逸问(wen)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)笺云(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)仲(zhong)文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《左氏(shi)》论(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，三辟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)，皆(jie)在叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)(shi)，谓三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，即二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)、殷末(mo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)注《左氏(shi)》者(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)耳。又(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)序子夏(xia)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)受(shou)圣人(ren)，足自(zi)明(ming)矣(yi)。”问(wen)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)昭六年《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)夏(xia)有乱(luan)(luan)政(zheng)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《禹刑》，商(shang)有乱(luan)(luan)政(zheng)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《汤刑》，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有乱(luan)(luan)政(zheng)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《九(jiu)刑》，三辟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)，皆(jie)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，谓三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)世(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则言(yan)(yan)(yan)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)世(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)有周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)仲(zhong)文(wen)，盖(gai)汉(han)世(shi)(shi)儒者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)、殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，故(gu)(gu)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑答注《左氏(shi)》者(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，谓郑、贾(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》论(lun)(lun)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)吊(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)，而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》；此(ci)(ci)(ci)序言(yan)(yan)(yan)闵管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)道，故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棣(di)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，则此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)管(guan)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，即传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)云(yun)(yun)二(er)(er)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可知，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)序子夏(xia)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)受(shou)圣人(ren)，自(zi)足明(ming)矣(yi)。”
常棣之华，鄂不韡韡。兴也。常棣，棣也。鄂犹鄂鄂然，言外发也。韡韡，光明也。笺云：承华者曰鄂，不当作拊。拊，鄂足也。鄂足得华之光明，则韡韡然盛。兴者，喻弟以敬事兄，兄以荣覆弟，恩义之显亦韡韡然。古声不、拊同。
○鄂，五各反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。不(bu)(bu)，毛(mao)如字，郑改作“拊(fu)”，方于(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。韡，韦鬼反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。“常棣(di)，棣(di)也(ye)”，本或作“常棣(di)，栘”，音以支(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)是兮(xi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。按《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)：“唐棣(di)，栘。常棣(di)，棣(di)。”作栘者(zhe)非。不(bu)(bu)、拊(fu)，不(bu)(bu)音如字，又(you)芳浮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，二声相(xiang)近也(ye)。拊(fu)亦(yi)作“跗”，前注(zhu)同。一云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)，亦(yi)方于(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。”
凡今之人，莫如(ru)(ru)兄弟。闻(wen)常棣之言为(wei)今也(ye)。笺(jian)云：闻(wen)常棣之言，始闻(wen)常棣华鄂之说也(ye)。如(ru)(ru)此，则(ze)人之恩(en)亲，无如(ru)(ru)兄弟之最厚。
[疏]“常棣”至“兄弟”。
○毛以为，常棣之木，华鄂鄂然外发之时，岂不韡韡而光明乎？以众华俱发，实韡韡而光明，以兴兄弟众多而相和睦，岂不强盛而有光晖乎？言兄弟和睦，实强盛而有光晖也。兄弟和睦，则强盛如是，然则凡今时天下之人，欲致此韡韡之盛，莫如兄弟之相亲。言兄弟相亲，则致荣显也。
○郑以为，华下有鄂，鄂下有拊。言常棣之华与鄂拊韡韡然甚光明也。由华以覆鄂，鄂以承华，华鄂相承覆，故得韡韡然而光明也。华鄂相覆而光明，犹兄弟相顺而荣显。然则凡今时之人，恩亲无如兄弟之最厚也。
○传“常棣”至“光明”。
○正义曰：“常棣，棣”，《释木》文也。舍人曰：“常棣，一名棣。”郭璞曰：“今关西有棣树，子如樱桃，可食。”是也。与此唐棣异木，故《尔雅》别释。鄂犹鄂鄂者，以华之状宜言鄂鄂，故重言之。言外发也，谓华聚而发於外也。韡韡，华之貌，华非一色，故云光明。《静女》云“彤管有炜”，文与彤连，故云“炜，赤貌”。王述之曰：“不韡韡，言韡韡也。以兴兄弟能内睦外御，则强盛而有光燿，若常棣之华发也。”
○笺“承华”至“拊同”。
○正义曰：以鄂文承华下，故为承华曰鄂也。又古声不、拊同，不在鄂下，宜为鄂足，故知当作拊，拊为鄂足也。以鄂足比於弟，华比於兄，鄂既承华，文与拊连，则鄂、拊同比弟也。言鄂足得华之光明，是弟得兄荣也。又曰“恩义之显亦韡韡然”，则兄亦得弟之助。兄弟之相佐，犹华、鄂之相承覆也。易传者，以华之外发，取众多为义，未若取相承覆为喻，㖞理切近，故不从毛也。
○传“闻常棣之言为今”。
○正义曰：传以(yi)凡今(jin)者多对古之称，故辨之。既闻(wen)常(chang)(chang)棣之说，则知(zhi)兄(xiong)弟(di)宜相亲(qin)，故以(yi)闻(wen)常(chang)(chang)棣之言为今(jin)，谓从今(jin)以(yi)去，宜相亲(qin)也(ye)。王道之曰：“管(guan)、蔡之事以(yi)缺，而(er)为《常(chang)(chang)棣》之歌为来今(jin)。”是也(ye)。
死丧之威，兄弟孔怀。威，畏。怀，思也。笺云：死丧可畏怖之事，维兄弟之亲甚相思念。
○怖，普(pu)布(bu)反。
原隰裒矣，兄弟求矣。裒，聚也。求矣，言求兄弟也。笺云：原也隰也，以相与聚居之故，故能定高下之名，犹兄弟相求，故能立荣显之名。
○裒，薄(bo)侯反(fan)。
[疏]“死丧”至“求矣”。
○正义曰：言(yan)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)人恩至(zhi)厚，有(you)死丧可(ke)畏怖之事，维兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)之亲甚(shen)相(xiang)思念，馀人则不(bu)能(neng)也。兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)相(xiang)念如是，则当求以(yi)相(xiang)助(zhu)，不(bu)得疏也。原(yuan)与隰同聚(ju)矣(yi)，犹(you)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)相(xiang)求矣(yi)。原(yuan)、隰以(yi)聚(ju)居之故(gu)，故(gu)能(neng)定高(gao)下之名，兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)以(yi)相(xiang)求之故(gu)，故(gu)能(neng)立荣显之誉，所以(yi)相(xiang)半矣(yi)。
脊令在原，兄弟急难。脊令，雝渠也，飞则鸣，行则摇，不能自舍耳。急难，言兄弟之相救於急难。笺云：雍渠，水鸟，而今在原，失其常处，则飞则鸣，求其类，天性也。犹兄弟之於急难。
○脊，井(jing)益反(fan)(fan)(fan)，亦作(zuo)“即”，又作(zuo)“{即鸟}”，皆同(tong)。令(ling)音零，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“鸰(ling)”，同(tong)。难如字，又乃旦反(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同(tong)。摇音遥(yao)，又馀照反(fan)(fan)(fan)。处(chu)，昌虑反(fan)(fan)(fan)。
每有良朋，况也永叹。况，兹。永，长也。笺云：每，虽也。良，善也。当急难之时，虽有善同门来，兹对之长叹而已。
○况或作“兄(xiong)”，非也。叹，吐丹反，又(you)吐旦反，以协上(shang)韵。
[疏]“脊令”至“永叹”。
○正义曰：脊令者，水鸟，当居於水，今乃在於高原之上，失其常处。以喻人当居平安之世，今在於急难之中，亦失其常处也。然脊令既失其常处，飞则鸣，行则摇，不能自舍，此则天之性。以喻兄弟既在急难而相救，亦不能自舍，亦天之性。於此急难之时，虽有善同门来，兹对之唯长叹而已，不能相救。言朋友之情甚，而不如兄弟，是宜相亲也。
○传“脊令”至“急难”。
○正义曰：“脊令，雍渠”，《释鸟》文也。郭璞(pu)曰：“雀属也。”陆机云(yun)：“大如鷃雀，长脚，长尾，尖喙，背(bei)上(shang)青(qing)灰色(se)，腹下白，颈下黑，如连(lian)钱，故杜(du)阳人谓之连(lian)钱是也。”《小宛》篇(pian)曰“题彼(bi)脊令，载(zai)飞载(zai)鸣”，是脊令飞则(ze)(ze)鸣也。脊令既失其常(chang)处，飞则(ze)(ze)鸣，行则(ze)(ze)摇(yao)动其身，不能自(zi)舍，以(yi)喻兄弟相救(jiu)於(wu)急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)，亦(yi)不能自(zi)舍。然而(er)此(ci)经(jing)直云(yun)“在原”与“急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”，何知(zhi)不正以(yi)在原喻在急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)而(er)已，而(er)必(bi)知(zhi)急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)谓救(jiu)於(wu)急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者，正以(yi)上(shang)章(zhang)“孔怀”，下章(zhang)“御侮”，是相助(zhu)之事，以(yi)此(ci)类(lei)之，故知(zhi)为(wei)相救(jiu)於(wu)急(ji)难(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也。但脊令不能自(zi)舍之貌犹可(ke)言，故云(yun)飞则(ze)(ze)鸣，行则(ze)(ze)摇(yao)。兄弟相救(jiu)之貌不可(ke)言，故直云(yun)相救(jiu)耳。
兄弟阋于墙，外御其务。阋，很也。笺云：御，禁。务，侮也。兄弟虽内阋而外御侮也。
○阋，许历(li)反(fan)。墙本或(huo)作“廧”，在良反(fan)。御，鱼吕反(fan)。务(wu)如字，《尔(er)雅》云“侮(wu)也”，读者又音侮(wu)。此从(cong)《左传》及《外传》之文。很，日恳反(fan)。
每有良朋，烝也无戎。烝，填。戎，相也。笺云：当急难之时，虽有善同门来，久也犹无相助己者，古声填、窴、尘同。
○烝，之(zhi)承(cheng)反(fan)。填，依(yi)字音(yin)田，与“窴(tian)”同；又(you)依(yi)古声音(yin)尘。尘，久也。故笺(jian)申之(zhi)云：“古声填、窴(tian)、尘同。”相如字，又(you)息亮(liang)反(fan)，下同。
[疏]“兄弟”至“无戎”。
○正义曰：兄弟之亲，不能相远。言兄弟或有自不相得，可阋很於墙内，若有他人来侵侮之，则同心合意，外御他人之侵侮。於此他人侵侮之时，虽有善同门来见之，虽久也，终无相助之事，唯兄弟相助耳。言兄弟之恩过於朋友也。云良朋者，以大名言之，其实同志之友，故下章曰“不如友也”。《论语》云“有朋自远方来”，亦其同志也。散文朋、友通也。定本经“御”作“{御示}”，训为“禁”。《集注》亦然。俗本以传为“御{御示}”。《尔雅》无训，疑俗本误也。
○传“阋，很”。
○正义(yi)曰：很者，忿争之名(ming)，故《曲礼》曰“很毋求胜”，是也。
丧乱既平，既安且宁。虽有兄弟，不如友生。兄弟尚恩怡怡然，朋友以义切切然。笺云：平犹正也。安宁之时，以礼义相琢磨，则友生急。
○“切(qie)(qie)切(qie)(qie)然”，定本作“切(qie)(qie)切(qie)(qie)偲偲然”。琢，陟角(jiao)反。
[疏]传“兄弟”至“切切然”。
○正义曰：室家安宁，身(shen)(shen)无急难(nan)，则当与朋(peng)友(you)交，切(qie)磋(cuo)琢磨学问，修(xiu)饰(shi)以(yi)立(li)身(shen)(shen)成(cheng)名。兄弟之(zhi)多则尚(shang)恩，其(qi)聚集则熙(xi)熙(xi)然(ran)，不(bu)能(neng)相励(li)以(yi)道。朋(peng)友(you)之(zhi)交则以(yi)义，其(qi)聚集切(qie)切(qie)节(jie)(jie)节(jie)(jie)然(ran)，相劝(quan)竞以(yi)道德，相勉(mian)励(li)以(yi)立(li)身(shen)(shen)，使其(qi)日(ri)有所得，故兄弟不(bu)如友(you)生也。切(qie)切(qie)节(jie)(jie)节(jie)(jie)者，相切(qie)磋(cuo)勉(mian)励(li)之(zhi)貌(mao)。《论语(yu)》云：“朋(peng)友(you)切(qie)切(qie)偲偲，兄弟怡(yi)(yi)怡(yi)(yi)。”注云：“切(qie)切(qie)，劝(quan)竞貌(mao)。怡(yi)(yi)怡(yi)(yi)，谦顺貌(mao)。”此熙(xi)熙(xi)当彼(bi)怡(yi)(yi)怡(yi)(yi)，节(jie)(jie)节(jie)(jie)当彼(bi)偲偲也。定本“熙(xi)熙(xi)”作(zuo)“怡(yi)(yi)怡(yi)(yi)”，“节(jie)(jie)节(jie)(jie)”作(zuo)“偲偲”。依(yi)《论语(yu)》则俗本误。
傧尔笾豆，饮酒之饫。傧，陈。饫，私也。不脱屦升堂谓之饫。笺云：私者，图非常之事。若议大疑於堂，则有饫礼焉。听朝为公。
○傧(bin)，宾(bin)胤反(fan)。饫，於虑反(fan)。朝(chao)，直遥反(fan)。
兄弟既具，和乐且孺。九族会曰和。孺，属也。王与亲戚燕则尚毛。笺云：九族，从己上至高祖、下及玄孙之亲也。属者，以昭穆相次序。
○乐(le)音洛，下皆(jie)同。孺，本亦作(zuo)“”，如具反(fan)。
[疏]“傧尔”至“且孺”。
○正义曰：上章已来，说兄弟宜相亲，故此章言王者亲宗族也。王有大疑非常之事，与宗族私议而图之，其时则陈列尔王之笾豆，为饮酒之饫礼，以聚兄弟宗族为好焉。为此饫及燕礼之时，兄弟既已具集矣，九族会聚，和而甚忻乐，且复骨肉相亲属也。言由王亲宗族，故宗族亦自相亲也。
○传“饫私”至“之饫”。
○正义曰：“饫，私”，《释言》文。孙炎曰：“饫非公朝，私饫饮酒也。”《周语》有王公立饫，又曰“立成礼烝而已”。饫既为私，不在公朝，在露门内也。酒肉所陈，不宜在庭，则在堂矣。《燕礼》云：“皆脱屦乃升堂。”《少仪》云：“堂上无跣，燕则有之。”是燕由坐而脱屦，明饫立则不脱矣，故云“不脱屦升堂谓之饫”。
○笺“私者”至“为公”。
○正义曰：此解饫为私之意也。以私在露寝堂上，故谓之私。若听朝则为公事，对公故言私也。知饫礼为图非常、议大疑者，以《周语》云：“王公之有饫礼，将以讲事成礼，建大德，昭大物。”言讲事、昭物，是有所谋矣。明图非常、议大疑而为饫礼也。《周语》曰：“王公立饫则有房烝，亲戚燕飨则有殽烝。”又曰“饫以显物，燕以合好”，则饫、燕礼异。序曰“燕兄弟”，此陈饫者，图非常，议大疑，乃有饫礼，则饫大於燕。燕亦是王於族亲之礼，故陈之示亲亲也。饫礼议其大疑，则妇人不与。立以成礼，则不必和乐。下章云“妻子合好”，此传曰“王与族人燕则尚毛”，以此诗饫、燕杂陈，故下笺云：“王与族人燕，则宗妇内宗之属，亦从后於房中。”是此章之中兼燕礼矣。上二句为饫，下二句为燕。饫陈笾豆，燕言兄弟，互以相兼也。
○传“孺属”至“尚毛”。
○正义曰：“孺，属”，《释言》文。李巡曰：“孺，骨肉相亲(qin)属也(ye)(ye)。”《中庸》曰：“燕(yan)(yan)毛以所(suo)序(xu)齿(chi)。”《文王(wang)世子(zi)》曰：“公与(yu)族(zu)人燕(yan)(yan)则(ze)以齿(chi)，而孝悌之道达矣(yi)。”王(wang)与(yu)宗族(zu)之人燕(yan)(yan)，以毛发(fa)年(nian)齿(chi)为次第也(ye)(ye)。《司仪》曰：“王(wang)燕(yan)(yan)则(ze)诸(zhu)侯毛。”亦(yi)谓同姓诸(zhu)侯也(ye)(ye)，故(gu)彼注云：“谓以发(fa)鬓为坐。朝事尊(zun)(zun)尊(zun)(zun)尚爵，燕(yan)(yan)则(ze)亲(qin)亲(qin)尚齿(chi)。”云“亲(qin)亲(qin)”，是燕(yan)(yan)同姓，明矣(yi)。
妻子好合，如鼓瑟琴。笺云：好合，志意合也。合者，如鼓瑟琴之声相应和也。王与族人燕，则宗妇内宗之属亦从后於房中。
○好，呼报(bao)反，应对之(zhi)应。和，胡卧(wo)反。
兄弟既翕，和乐且湛。翕，合也。
○翕(xi)，许急反。湛，答南反，又作(zuo)“耽”，《韩诗》云：“乐之甚也(ye)。”
[疏]“妻子”至“且湛”。
○正义曰：上章并陈饫、燕之礼，此又论内外之欢也。王与族人燕於堂上，则后与宗妇燕於房中。王之族人见王燕其宗族，知王亲之，皆效王亲亲，与其妻子自相和好，志意合和，如鼓瑟琴相应和。於时兄弟既会聚矣，其族人非直内和妻子，又九族和好，忻乐而且湛，又以尽欢也。
○笺“王与”至“房中”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)兄(xiong)弟(di)，所(suo)以得致妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)好合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。以其(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，则宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)亦(yi)从(cong)(cong)后於(wu)(wu)(wu)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，故(gu)有(you)妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)，女嫁於(wu)(wu)(wu)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)。《春(chun)秋》庄(zhuang)二(er)十四年(nian)，“夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)姜氏(shi)入。大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)觌，用币”。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，明是(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)贾、杜皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”襄(xiang)二(er)年(nian)传(chuan)曰：“葬齐姜。齐侯使(shi)诸姜、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)来会(hui)葬。”诸姜，谓齐同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，谓齐同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名为(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼(li)(li)·春(chun)官·序(xu)官》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，凡内(nei)(nei)(nei)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)爵者(zhe)(zhe)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“内(nei)(nei)(nei)女，王(wang)(wang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，有(you)爵，其(qi)(qi)嫁於(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)及(ji)士者(zhe)(zhe)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，名为(wei)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)亡(wang)，所(suo)以知(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，则宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)从(cong)(cong)后者(zhe)(zhe)，《湛露》曰：“厌(yan)厌(yan)夜饮(yin)，不(bu)醉无归。”传(chuan)曰：“夜饮(yin)，私燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)将有(you)事(shi)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)入侍(shi)(shi)。不(bu)醉而(er)出，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)亲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。醉而(er)不(bu)出，是(shi)(shi)(shi)渫宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)亡(wang)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)假宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)说耳(er)。”然(ran)则天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，犹(you)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，则天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)兄(xiong)弟(di)为(wei)朝廷臣者(zhe)(zhe)，如(ru)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)《特牲(sheng)馈食礼(li)(li)》祭(ji)末(mo)乃曰：“彻庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)设於(wu)(wu)(wu)西序(xu)下。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“为(wei)将馂去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)主(zhu)为(wei)尸，非神馔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《尚书传(chuan)》曰：“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)室有(you)事(shi)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)侍(shi)(shi)终日(ri)。大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)已侍(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)宾(bin)，奠然(ran)后燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)私。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)私者(zhe)(zhe)何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？已而(er)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)饮(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)彻庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)置西序(xu)下者(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)将以燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮(yin)与(yu)？然(ran)则自尸祝(zhu)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)堂。内(nei)(nei)(nei)宾(bin)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，主(zhu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)房(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑以彼《特牲(sheng)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)礼(li)(li)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆(jie)(jie)助，故(gu)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)执两笾，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)赞豆。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)俱助宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)。及(ji)至末(mo)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)既为(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，明宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亦(yi)主(zhu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且上文庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)尸祝(zhu)兄(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宾(bin)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)有(you)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。今直云(yun)(yun)(yun)“彻庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)”，明二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)俱彻，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)俱燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祝(zhu)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)堂。内(nei)(nei)(nei)宾(bin)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，主(zhu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以与(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《曲礼(li)(li)》曰：“男(nan)(nan)女不(bu)杂(za)坐。”谓男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在堂上，女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在房(fang)(fang)，故(gu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在堂，室妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在房(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)得与(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，明内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)亦(yi)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)既然(ran)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)亦(yi)然(ran)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，则宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)亦(yi)从(cong)(cong)后於(wu)(wu)(wu)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)证妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)止(zhi)当(dang)言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，并言内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)，内(nei)(nei)(nei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，因(yin)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)妻(qi)(qi)而(er)连(lian)言子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)说族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)室家和好，其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)长者(zhe)(zhe)从(cong)(cong)王(wang)(wang)在堂，孩(hai)稚或(huo)从(cong)(cong)母亦(yi)在，兼言焉。
宜尔家室，乐尔妻帑。帑，子也。笺云：族人和，则得保乐其家中之大小。
○帑(tang)依字，吐荡反，经典(dian)通为妻孥字，今读音奴，子也。
是究是图，亶其然乎！究，深。图，谋。亶，信也。笺云：女深谋之，信其如是。
○亶，都(dou)但反。
[疏]“宜尔”至“然乎”。
○正义曰：王亲宗族而与之燕，族人化王，莫不和睦，则宗族同心，人无侵侮，然后宜汝之室家，保乐汝之妻子矣。若族人不和，忿阋自起，外见侵侮，内不相救，则不能保其大小，家室危焉。汝於是深思之，於是善谋之，信其然者否乎？既宗族须和若是，不可不亲焉，王所以燕之也。
○传“孥，子”。
○正义曰(yue)：上云“妻子好(hao)合”，子即此帑也(ye)。《左传》曰(yue)“秦伯归其帑”，《书》曰(yue)“予则帑戮汝”，皆是子也(ye)。
《常(chang)棣(di)》八章(zhang)，章(zhang)四(si)句。