明崇祯末,孟村有(you)巨盗肆掠。见(jian)一女(nv)有(you)色,并(bing)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。女(nv)不受(shou)污(wu),则(ze)缚(fu)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)加炮(pao)烙,父(fu)(fu)母(mu)并(bing)呼号惨切,命(ming)(ming)女(nv)从(cong)贼。女(nv)请纵父(fu)(fu)母(mu)去,乃(nai)肯从(cong)。贼知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)绐己,必先(xian)使受(shou)污(wu)而(er)后释(shi)。女(nv)遂奋掷(zhi)批贼颊,与(yu)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)俱死,弃尸于野(ye)。后贼与(yu)官兵格斗,马(ma)至尸侧,辟易(yi)不肯前,遂陷淖(nao)就擒。女(nv)亦有(you)灵矣。惜其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)氏不可考。论是事者(zhe),或谓女(nv)子在室,从(cong)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)也。父(fu)(fu)母(mu)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)贼矣,成一己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),坐视父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 惨酷,女(nv)似过(guo)忍;或谓命(ming)(ming)有(you)治乱,从(cong)贼不可与(yu)许嫁比。父(fu)(fu)母(mu)命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)娼(chang)(chang),亦为(wei)(wei)娼(chang)(chang)乎?女(nv)似无罪。先(xian)姚安公曰:此(ci)事与(yu)郭六正相反,均有(you)理可执(zhi),而(er)于心终不敢(gan)确信。不食马(ma)肝,未为(wei)(wei)不知(zhi)味也。
刘羽冲,佚其名,沧州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)。先(xian)高祖厚(hou)斋公多与(yu)唱和。性孤僻,好(hao)讲古(gu)(gu)制,实迂(yu)阔不(bu)可行。尝倩董天士作(zuo)画(hua),倩厚(hou)斋公题,内(nei)秋(qiu)林读(du)(du)书一幅云:兀(wu)坐秋(qiu)树根(gen),块然无与(yu)伍,不(bu)知(zhi)读(du)(du)何书,但见(jian)须眉古(gu)(gu)。只(zhi)愁(chou)手所(suo)持,或(huo)是(shi)井田谱。盖规之(zhi)也。偶得古(gu)(gu)兵(bing)(bing)书,伏读(du)(du)经(jing)(jing)书,自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓可将十(shi)万。会有土(tu)寇,自(zi)(zi)(zi)练(lian)乡兵(bing)(bing)与(yu)之(zhi)角。全队溃覆,几(ji)为所(suo)擒;又得古(gu)(gu)水利书,伏读(du)(du)经(jing)(jing)年,自(zi)(zi)(zi)谓可使千(qian)里成(cheng)沃壤,绘图列(lie)说于州(zhou)官,州(zhou)官亦好(hao)事,使试于一村(cun),沟洫(xu)甫成(cheng),水大至(zhi)。顺渠灌入,人(ren)(ren)几(ji)为鱼。由是(shi)抑郁不(bu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)得,恒独(du)步(bu)庭(ting)阶,摇首(shou)(shou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)语曰:古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)岂欺我哉!如是(shi)日千(qian)百遍惟(wei)此六(liu)字(zi)。不(bu)久发病死(si)。后风清月(yue)白(bai)之(zhi)夕,每见(jian)其魂在墓前松柏下(xia),摇首(shou)(shou)独(du)步(bu),侧耳听之(zhi),所(suo)诵仍(reng)此六(liu)字(zi)也。或(huo)笑(xiao)之(zhi),则(ze)隐(yin)。次日伺之(zhi),复然。泥古(gu)(gu)者愚(yu),何愚(yu)乃至(zhi)是(shi)欤?阿文(wen)勤公尝教昀曰:满腹皆(jie)书能害事,腹中竟(jing)无一卷书,亦能害事。国(guo)弈不(bu)废旧(jiu)谱,而不(bu)执(zhi)旧(jiu)谱;国(guo)医不(bu)泥古(gu)(gu)方,而不(bu)离(li)古(gu)(gu)方。故曰:神而明之(zhi),存乎其人(ren)(ren)。又曰:能与(yu)人(ren)(ren)规矩(ju),不(bu)能使人(ren)(ren)巧。
明魏(wei)忠(zhong)贤之恶(e),史册所(suo)未(wei)睹也。或言其知事必败(bai),陰蓄一(yi)骡,日(ri)行七百里,以(yi)备(bei)逋逃;陰蓄一(yi)貌类己者以(yi)备(bei)代死。后在阜城尤(you)家店,竟用(yong)是私(si)(si)遁(dun)去(qu)。余谓此(ci)无(wu)(wu)稽之谈(tan)也。以(yi)天道论之,苟(gou)神(shen)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)诬(wu),忠(zhong)贤断(duan)无(wu)(wu)幸免理(li)(li);以(yi)人(ren)(ren)事论之,忠(zhong)贤擅政七年,何人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)识。使(shi)(shi)窜伏旧党 之家,小人(ren)(ren)之交 ,势败(bai)则(ze)离,有缚(fu)献而(er)已(yi)矣;使(shi)(shi)潜匿荒(huang)僻之地(di),则(ze)耕牧之中,突来(lai)阉宦,异言异貌,骇视(shi)惊听,不(bu)(bu)三日(ri)必败(bai);使(shi)(shi)远遁(dun)于封域之外,则(ze)严世蕃尝(chang)通(tong)日(ri)本,仇鸾尝(chang)交 谙达,忠(zhong)贤无(wu)(wu)是也,山海(hai)阻(zu)深,关津隔绝,去(qu)又将何往。昔建文(wen)行遁(dun),后世方且传疑。然建文(wen)失(shi)德无(wu)(wu)闻,人(ren)(ren)心未(wei)去(qu),旧臣遗老,犹(you)有故主之思。燕(yan)王(wang)称戈篡位(wei),屠戮忠(zhong)良,又天下所(suo)不(bu)(bu)与,递相(xiang)客隐,理(li)(li)或有之。忠(zhong)贤虐焰薰(xun)天,毒流四海(hai),人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)欲(yu)得(de)(de)而(er)甘心。是时距明亡尚十(shi)五年,此(ci)十(shi)五年中,安得(de)(de)深藏(zang)不(bu)(bu)露乎(hu)?故私(si)(si)遁(dun)之说,余断(duan)不(bu)(bu)谓然。文(wen)安王(wang)岳(yue)芳曰:乾隆初,县学中忽雷(lei)霆击格(ge),旋绕文(wen)庙,电光激射,如掣赤练,入(ru)殿门复返者十(shi)余度(du)。训导(dao)王(wang)著起(qi)曰:是必有异。冒雨入(ru)视(shi),见(jian)大蜈(wu)蚣(gong)伏先师神(shen)位(wei)上(shang),钳(qian)出(chu)掷阶前,霹雳一(yi)声(sheng),蜈(wu)蚣(gong)死而(er)天霁。验其背上(shang),有朱书(shu)魏(wei)忠(zhong)贤字(zi)。是说也,余则(ze)信(xin)之。
乌鲁木齐深山中牧马者,恒见小人高尺许,男女老幼一一皆备,遇红柳吐花时,辄折柳盘为小圈,著顶上。作队跃舞,音呦呦如度曲。或至行帐窃食,为人所掩,则跪而泣。系之,则不食而死;纵之,初不敢遽行,行数尺辄回顾。或追叱之,仍跪泣。去人稍远,度不能追,始蓦涧越山去。然其巢穴栖止处终不可得。此物非木魅亦非山兽,盖僬侥之属。不知其名,以形似小儿,而喜戴红柳,因呼曰红柳娃。邱县丞天锦,因巡视牧厂,曾得其一,腊以归。细视其须眉毛发,与人无二,知山海经所谓靖人,凿(zao)然有(you)之。有(you)极小必(bi)有(you)极大,列子所谓龙伯(bo)之国(guo),亦凿(zao)然有(you)之。
塞外有(you)雪(xue)莲(lian),生崇山(shan)积(ji)雪(xue)中,状(zhuang)如(ru)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)洋菊,名以(yi)莲(lian)耳。其生必(bi)双(shuang),雄者差(cha)大,雌(ci)者小(xiao)。然(ran)不(bu)(bu)并(bing)生,亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)同根,相(xiang)去(qu)必(bi)一(yi)两丈(zhang),见其一(yi),再(zai)觅其一(yi),无不(bu)(bu)得者。盖如(ru)菟(tu)丝茯苓,一(yi)气所化,气相(xiang)属也。凡望见此花,默往探(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)获(huo)。如(ru)指以(yi)相(xiang)告,则(ze)缩(suo)入雪(xue)中,杳无痕(hen)迹。即癛(lin)雪(xue)求之(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)获(huo)。草(cao)木有(you)知,理不(bu)(bu)可解(jie)。土(tu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue):山(shan)神惜之(zhi)(zhi),其或然(ran)欤(yu)?此花生极寒(han)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),而(er)性极热(re)。盖二(er)气有(you)偏(pian)胜,无偏(pian)绝(jue)。积(ji)陰(yin)外凝,则(ze)纯陽(yang)内结。坎(kan)卦以(yi)一(yi)陽(yang)陷二(er)陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)中,剥复二(er)卦,以(yi)一(yi)陽(yang)居五陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)上下,是(shi)其象也。然(ran)浸酒为补(bu)剂,多(duo)血热(re)妄(wang)行,或用(yong)合媚(mei)药(yao),其祸尤烈。盖天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)陽(yang)均调(diao),万物乃生;人(ren)身之(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)陽(yang)均调(diao),百(bai)脉乃和。故(gu)素问曰(yue)(yue):亢则(ze)害,承乃制。自(zi)丹溪立陽(yang)常有(you)馀(yu),陰(yin)常不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)说,医家失其本旨,往往以(yi)苦寒(han)伐生气。张(zhang)介宾(bin)辈矫枉过直,遂偏(pian)于补(bu)陽(yang)。而(er)参蓍桂(gui)附,流弊亦(yi)(yi)至于杀人(ren)。是(shi)未知易道扶陽(yang),而(er)乾之(zhi)(zhi)上九,亦(yi)(yi)戒以(yi)亢龙有(you)悔也。嗜欲日盛,羸弱者多(duo),温(wen) 补(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)剂易见小(xiao)效,坚信者遂众。故(gu)余谓偏(pian)伐陽(yang)者,韩非刑名之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue);偏(pian)补(bu)陽(yang)者,商鞅富强(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)术。初用(yong)皆(jie)有(you)功,积(ji)重不(bu)(bu)返。其损伤根,本则(ze)一(yi)也。雪(xue)莲(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)功不(bu)(bu)补(bu)患,亦(yi)(yi)此理矣。
唐太(tai)宗三藏圣教(jiao)序(xu),称(cheng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)灾鬼难之(zhi)域,似即今辟(pi)展土鲁(lu)番地。其(qi)他(ta)(ta)沙(sha)碛中独行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),往(wang)往(wang)闻(wen)呼(hu)姓名,一(yi)(yi)应(ying)则(ze)随去不(bu)(bu)复返(fan)。又(you)有(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)穴在(zai)南(nan)山,其(qi)大(da)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)井(jing),风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)(bu)时(shi)从中出,每(mei)出则(ze)数十里外(wai),先闻(wen)波涛声,迟一(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)刻风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)乃至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所横(heng)径之(zhi)路阔不(bu)(bu)过三四里,可急行(xing)(xing)而(er)避(bi),避(bi)不(bu)(bu)及,则(ze)众车(che)以巨绳连缀为一(yi)(yi),尚鼓(gu)动颠簸如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)大(da)江 浪涌之(zhi)舟。或(huo)一(yi)(yi)车(che)独遇,则(ze)人(ren)(ren)马(ma)(ma)辎重,皆轻(qing)若片叶(ye),飘然莫知所往(wang)矣(yi)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)皆自南(nan)而(er)北(bei),越数日(ri)(ri)(ri)自北(bei)而(er)南(nan),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)呼(hu)吸(xi)之(zhi)往(wang)返(fan)也(ye)。余在(zai)乌鲁(lu)木齐,接辟(pi)展移文,云(yun)(yun)军校雷庭,于某(mou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)人(ren)(ren)马(ma)(ma)皆风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)吹过岭北(bei),有(you)无踪(zong)迹。又(you)昌(chang)吉(ji)通(tong)判报,某(mou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)午刻有(you)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)自天而(er)下,乃特纳格尔遣犯徐吉(ji),为风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)吹至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。俄特纳格尔县丞报,徐吉(ji)是(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)逃(tao),计其(qi)时(shi)刻,自巳至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)午,已(yi)飞腾二(er)(er)百余里。此在(zai)彼不(bu)(bu)为怪,在(zai)他(ta)(ta)处则(ze)异(yi)闻(wen)矣(yi)。徐吉(ji)云(yun)(yun),被吹时(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)醉如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)梦,身(shen)旋转如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)车(che)轮,目(mu)不(bu)(bu)能开,耳如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)万鼓(gu)乱鸣,口(kou)鼻如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)有(you)物拥(yong)蔽,气(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得出,努力良久(jiu),始能一(yi)(yi)呼(hu)吸(xi)耳。按庄子(zi)称(cheng):大(da)块噫气(qi)(qi),其(qi)名为风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。气(qi)(qi)无所不(bu)(bu)之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)应(ying)有(you)穴。盖气(qi)(qi)所偶聚,因成斯异(yi)。犹(you)火气(qi)(qi)偶聚于巴蜀(shu),遂(sui)为火井(jing);水脉偶聚于阗,遂(sui)为河源云(yun)(yun)。
何励庵先生言,相传明季有书生,独行丛莽间,闻书声琅琅。怪旷野那得有是,寻之,则一老翁坐墟墓间,旁有狐十馀,各捧书蹲坐。老翁见而起迎,诸狐皆捧书人立。书生念既解读书,必不为祸。因与揖让,席地坐。问读书何为,老翁曰:吾辈皆修仙者也。凡狐之求仙有二途,其一采精气,拜星斗,渐至通灵变化,然后积修正果,是为由妖而求仙。然或入邪僻,则干天律,其途捷而危;其一先炼形为人,既得为人,然后讲习 内丹,是为由人而求仙。虽吐纳导引,非旦夕之功,而久久坚持,自然圆满。其途纡而安。顾形不自变,随心而变。故先读圣贤之书,明三纲五常之理,心化则形亦化矣。书生借视其书,皆五经论语孝经孟子之类。但有经文而无注。问经不解释,何由讲贯?老翁曰:吾辈读书,但求明理。圣贤言语本不艰深,口相授受,疏通训诂,即可知其义旨,何以注为?书生怪其持论乖僻,惘惘莫对。姑问其寿,曰:我都不记。但记我受经之日,世尚未有印板书。又问阅历数朝,世事有无同异?曰:大都不甚相远,惟唐以前,但有儒者。北宋后,每闻某甲是圣贤,为小异耳。书生莫测,一揖而别。后于途间遇此翁,欲与语,掉头径去。案此殆先生之寓言。先生尝曰:以讲经求科第,支离敷衍,其词愈美而经愈荒;以讲经立门户,纷纭辩驳,其说愈详而经亦愈荒。语意若合符节。又尝曰:凡巧妙之术,中间必有不稳处。如步步踏实,即小有蹉失,终不至折肱伤足。与所云修仙二途,亦同一意也。