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毛诗正义卷十九 十九之三在线阅读

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卷十九 十九之三

  《振鹭》,二王之后来助祭也。二王,夏、殷也。其后,杞也,宋也。
  ○振鹭,土之(zhi)慎反,下音路。一名春鉏,水鸟也。一音卢(lu)。夏,户雅反。杞音起

[疏]“《振鹭》八句”。
  ○正义曰:《振鹭》诗者,二王之后来助祭之乐歌也。谓周公、成王之时,已致大平,诸侯助祭,二王之后亦在其中,能尽礼备仪,尊崇王室,故诗人述其事而为此歌焉。天子之祭,诸侯皆助,独美二王之后来助祭者,以先代之后,一旦事人,自非圣德服之,则彼情未適。今二王之后,助祭得宜,是其敬服时王,故能尽礼。客主之美,光益王室,所以特歌颂之。
  ○笺“二王”至“杞宋”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》称(cheng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐纣(zhou),既(ji)下车,封(feng)夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)杞(qi)(qi),投殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)宋(song),故知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《史记(ji)(ji)、·杞(qi)(qi)世家(jia)》云:“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克(ke)(ke)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),求禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),得东楼公(gong),封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)杞(qi)(qi),以(yi)(yi)奉夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)。”是杞(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初封(feng),即(ji)(ji)为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),则初封(feng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庚於(wu)(wu)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)墟,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)叛而(er)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),更命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。《书(shu)序(xu)》云:“成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既(ji)黜殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),杀(sha)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庚,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)启作《微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》。”是宋(song)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)封(feng)先(xian)(xian)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),已(yi)言(yan)投殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)宋(song)者,以(yi)(yi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)终为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),作《记(ji)(ji)》者从后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)实武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,始(shi)封(feng)於(wu)(wu)宋(song),未(wei)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》注(zhu)云:“投者,举徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。谓微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),先(xian)(xian)有(you)国(guo)邑,今举而(er)徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),别封(feng)宋(song)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)。”若然,僖六(liu)年《左传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“许(xu)僖公(gong)见楚(chu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城。许(xu)男面缚(fu),衔璧,大夫衰(shuai)绖,士舆榇。楚(chu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问诸逢伯。对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘昔武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克(ke)(ke)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)启如是。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亲释其(qi)(qi)(qi)缚(fu),受其(qi)(qi)(qi)璧而(er)祓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),焚(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)榇,礼而(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)。’”《史记(ji)(ji)·宋(song)世家(jia)》亦云:“周武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)克(ke)(ke)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃持其(qi)(qi)(qi)祭器,造於(wu)(wu)军门(men),肉袒面缚(fu),左牵羊,右(you)把(ba)茅,膝行(xing)而(er)前,以(yi)(yi)告。於(wu)(wu)是武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃释微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),复(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)。”如故言(yan)复(fu)(fu)位(wei)以(yi)(yi)还为(wei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),但(dan)(dan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)本在(zai)纣(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畿(ji)内,既(ji)以(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庚君於(wu)(wu)畿(ji)内,则微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)得复(fu)(fu)封(feng)於(wu)(wu)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)囚,以(yi)(yi)见武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei),正(zheng)谓解释其(qi)(qi)(qi)囚,使(shi)(shi)复(fu)(fu)臣位(wei),不(bu)是复(fu)(fu)封(feng)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,知(zhi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)初即(ji)(ji)封(feng)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)宋(song)矣(yi),但(dan)(dan)未(wei)知(zhi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑,国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小耳。至成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既(ji)杀(sha)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庚,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),当(dang)爵为(wei)公(gong),地方百里。至制礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),当(dang)受上公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,更方五百里。《史记(ji)(ji)》以(yi)(yi)为(wei)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时始(shi)封(feng)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)宋(song),与《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》文乖,其(qi)(qi)(qi)说非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。如《乐(le)记(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)封(feng)夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)杞(qi)(qi),而(er)《汉书(shu)》郦食其(qi)(qi)(qi)说汉王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“昔汤伐桀,封(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)杞(qi)(qi)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐纣(zhou),封(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)宋(song)”者,主言(yan)夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灭,其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)得封(feng)耳。以(yi)(yi)伐夏(xia)(xia)者汤,克(ke)(ke)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),故系而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)不(bu)言(yan)汤即(ji)(ji)封(feng)杞(qi)(qi),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)即(ji)(ji)封(feng)宋(song)也(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)必(bi)立二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者,以(yi)(yi)二(er)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian),受命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu),皆(jie)圣哲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,故能克(ke)(ke)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业,功济天(tian)(tian)下,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun),无道丧其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)家(jia),遂令(ling)宗庙(miao)绝享,非(fei)仁者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。故王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者既(ji)行(xing)天(tian)(tian)罚,封(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)支子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),爵为(wei)上公(gong),使(shi)(shi)得行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)朔,用其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼乐(le),立祖(zu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao),郊所(suo)(suo)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝,而(er)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)尊贤德,崇三(san)统(tong),明王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位(wei),非(fei)一(yi)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)也(ye)(ye)。故《郊特牲(sheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者存二(er)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),犹尊贤也(ye)(ye)。尊贤不(bu)过二(er)代。”《书(shu)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)存二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),与己三(san),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)通天(tian)(tian)三(san)统(tong),立三(san)正(zheng)。”郑《驳异义》云:“言(yan)所(suo)(suo)存二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使(shi)(shi)郊天(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)礼祭其(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)祖(zu)受命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),自(zi)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)朔服色,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓通天(tian)(tian)三(san)统(tong)。”是言(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者立二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。

振鹭于飞,于彼西雍。我客戾止,亦有斯容。兴也。振振,群飞貌。鹭,白鸟也。雍,泽也。客,二王之后。笺云:白鸟集于西雍之泽,言所集得其处也。兴者,喻杞、宋之君有絜白之德,来助祭於周之庙,得礼之宜也。其至止亦有此容,言威仪之善如鹭然。
  ○处(chu),昌虑反。

[疏]“振鹭于飞”。
  ○正义曰:言有振振然絜白之鹭鸟往飞也,其往飞则集止於西雍之泽。色絜白之水鸟而集於泽,诚得其处也。以兴有威仪之杞、宋。往,行也。其往而行,则来助祭於有周之庙。美威仪之人臣,而助祭王庙,亦得其宜也。此鹭鸟之色,有絜白之容,我客杞、宋之君,其来至止也,亦有此絜白之容。非但其来助祭有此姿美耳,又在於彼国国人皆悦慕之,无怨恶之者。今来朝周,周人皆爱敬之,无厌倦之者。犹复庶几於善,夙夜行之,以此而能长终美誉。言其善於终始,为可爱之极也。
  ○传“振振”至“之后”。
  ○正义曰:此鸟名鹭而已,振与鹭连,即言于飞。《鲁颂》之言“振振鹭”,故知“振振,群飞貌也”。言“鹭,白鸟”者,以言亦有斯容,则义取絜白,故云白鸟也。以鹭是水鸟,明所往为泽,故知“雍,泽”也。谓泽名为雍,故笺云“西雍之泽”也。明在作者之西,有此泽,言其往向彼耳,无取於西之义也。序言二王之后,故知“客,二王之后”。客者,敌主之言。诸侯之於天子,虽皆有宾客之义,但先代之后,时王遍所尊敬,特谓之客。昭二十五年《左传》云:“宋乐大心曰:‘我於周为客。’”《皋陶谟》曰:“虞宾在位,此及有瞽。”皆云我客。《有客》之篇以微子为客,皆以二王之后特称宾客也。
  ○笺“白鸟”至“鹭然”。
  ○正义曰:以(yi)此(ci)诗美其(qi)助祭,明以(yi)在(zai)泽(ze)喻(yu)在(zai)庙,取(qu)其(qi)得(de)所(suo)为义也。以(yi)鹭鸟之(zhi)(zhi)白(bai),兴(xing)客之(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)仪。所(suo)云絜白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)德,即鹭鸟之(zhi)(zhi)容也。以(yi)上言(yan)飞(fei)往西雍,喻(yu)其(qi)乡京而(er)朝,而(er)其(qi)容之(zhi)(zhi)美未见,故(gu)又云“亦(yi)有(you)斯容”,明上句兴(xing)喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)中,亦(yi)有(you)絜白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)云“杞、宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)君,有(you)絜白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)德”也。言(yan)威(wei)仪之(zhi)(zhi)善如鹭然,正谓絜白(bai)是(shi)也。

在彼无恶,在此无斁。庶几夙夜,以永终誉。笺云:在彼,谓居其国无怨恶之者;在此,谓其来朝,人皆爱敬之,无厌之者。永,长也。誉,声美也。
  ○斁音亦(yi),厌也。厌,於(wu)艳反。

《振鹭》一章(zhang),八句。

《丰年》,秋冬报也。报者,谓尝也,烝也。
  ○丰,芳弓反(fan)。

[疏]“《丰年》七句”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《丰年(nian)》诗者(zhe),秋冬报(bao)(bao)(bao)之(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。谓周公、成(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)时,致太(tai)平而(er)大丰熟(shu),秋冬尝、烝(zheng)(zheng),报(bao)(bao)(bao)祭(ji)宗庙。诗人述其(qi)(qi)事而(er)为(wei)此歌焉。经言(yan)(yan)年(nian)丰而(er)多获黍稻(dao),为(wei)酒醴以进与(yu)(yu)祖妣(bi),是报(bao)(bao)(bao)之(zhi)事也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“烝(zheng)(zheng)畀(bi)祖妣(bi)”,则(ze)是祭(ji)於宗庙。但作者(zhe)主美(mei)其(qi)(qi)报(bao)(bao)(bao),故(gu)不言(yan)(yan)祀(si)庙耳。不言(yan)(yan)祈(qi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao)者(zhe),所以追养继孝,义不祈(qi)於父(fu)祖。至(zhi)秋冬物(wu)成(cheng),以为(wei)鬼神之(zhi)助,故(gu)归功(gong)而(er)称报(bao)(bao)(bao),亦孝子之(zhi)情也(ye)。作者(zhe)见其(qi)(qi)然,而(er)主意(yi)於报(bao)(bao)(bao),故(gu)此序(xu)特言(yan)(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao)耳。其(qi)(qi)时则(ze)不然,故(gu)《那》与(yu)(yu)《烈祖》实为(wei)烝(zheng)(zheng)尝,而(er)序(xu)称为(wei)祀(si),以义不取於报(bao)(bao)(bao)故(gu)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)天地(di)社稷之(zhi)神,虽(sui)则(ze)常(chang)祭(ji),谓之(zhi)祈(qi)报(bao)(bao)(bao),故(gu)《噫嘻》、《载芟(shan)》、《良耜》之(zhi)等,与(yu)(yu)宗庙异也(ye)。

丰年多黍多稌。亦有高廪,万亿及秭。丰,大。稌,稻也。廪,所以藏齍盛之穗也。数万至万曰亿,数亿至亿曰秭。笺云:丰年,大有年也。亦,大也。万亿及秭,以言穀数多。
  ○稌音杜(du),徐(xu)敕(chi)古反(fan)(fan)。廪,徐(xu)力锦(jin)反(fan)(fan),又力荏反(fan)(fan),仓也。秭(zi),咨履反(fan)(fan),一本(ben)作“数(shu)”。《韩诗》曰“陈穀曰秭(zi)”也。齍盛(sheng),上(shang)音资(zi),下音成(cheng)。穗(sui)音遂。数(shu)万,邑(yi)主反(fan)(fan)。下“数(shu)亿”同。

为酒为醴,烝畀祖妣,以洽百礼,降福孔皆。皆,徧也。笺云:烝,进。畀,予也。
  ○醴音(yin)(yin)礼。畀(bi),必(bi)寐反(fan),予也。注(zhu)同。妣,必(bi)履(lv)反(fan)。祫,胡甲反(fan),本(ben)或作“洽”。徧音(yin)(yin)遍。予音(yin)(yin)与。

[疏]“丰年多黍”。
  ○正义曰:言今为鬼神祐助,而得大有之丰年,多有黍矣,多有稻矣。既黍稻之多,复有高大之廪,於中盛五穀矣。其廪积之数,有万与亿及秭也。为神所祐,致丰积如此,故以之为酒,以之为醴,而进与先祖先妣,以会其百众之礼,谓牲玉币帛之属,合用以祭,故神又下予之福,甚周徧矣。
  ○传“丰大”至“曰秭”。
  ○正义曰:“丰,大”,《释诂》文。“稌,稻”,《释草》文。郭璞曰:“今沛国呼稻为稌,是也。”言廪所以藏齍盛之穗者,器实曰齍,在器曰盛,齍盛谓饭食也。以米粟为之,远本其初出於禾穗,故谓廪之所藏,为齍盛之穗也。《禹贡》百里赋纳总,即禾稼也。二百里饣至,即穗也。禾稼当积而贮之,不在仓廪。其穗当在廪藏之,故言藏齍盛之穗。则自穗以往,秸及粟米,皆在仓廪矣。以穗邻於禾稼,嫌不在廪,故特举其穗,以下皆可知也。又以经言“高廪”,则廪之高大,於藏穗为宜,故言穗也。此言藏穗,则廪唯藏粟也。而《地官·廪人》注云“藏米曰廪”者,对则藏米曰廪,藏粟曰仓;其散即通也。彼廪人职掌万民之食,四釜三釜皆是米事,故云藏米耳。彼注又云:“廪人,舍人、仓人,司禄官之长。”是廪为仓之总,可以兼米粟也。《明堂位》云:“米廪,有虞氏之庠。”注云:“鲁谓之米廪,虞帝令藏齍盛之委焉。”《记》言米,郑言委,则以廪之所容,兼米兼粟也。且此言为酒为醴,以米为之,明亦藏米可知。祭祀酒食,当用籍田之粟,此言廪之所容,乃至万亿及秭,则是税民之物,而云以为酒醴者,祭祀之礼,亦用税物。《信南山》云“曾孙之穑,以为酒食,畀我尸宾”,是用税物之文也。由其亦用税物,故举廪之多容,以为丰年之状也。言“数万至万曰亿,数亿至亿曰秭”,於今数为然。定本、《集注》皆云“数亿至万曰秭”,毛以亿云及秭,万下不云及亿,嫌为万个亿,故辨之也。知然者,以亿言及秭,则万与亿亦宜相累,但文不可再言及耳。
  ○笺“丰年,大有年”。
  ○正义曰:年之丰熟,必大有物。丰训为大,故云“丰年,大有之年”也。春秋宣十六年《穀梁传》曰:“五穀大熟为大有年。”《公羊》以为“大丰年”,是也。桓三年经书“有年”,《穀梁传》曰:“五穀皆熟为有年。”《公羊传》曰:“仅有年。”彼《春秋》之文相对为例耳,他经散文不必然也。《鲁颂》曰“岁其有年”,亦当谓大丰年矣。
  ○传“皆,徧”。
  ○正义曰:“偕”训俱也,亦徧之义。
  ○笺“烝,进。畀,予”。
  ○正义曰:皆(jie)《释(shi)诂》文。

《丰年》一章(zhang),七句。

《有瞽》,始作乐而合乎祖也。王者治定制礼,功成作乐。合者,大合诸乐而奏之。
  ○瞽音古(gu),无目眹曰瞽。眹音直谨反。本(ben)或(huo)作(zuo)“鼓”。“合乎祖也(ye)”,本(ben)或(huo)作(zuo)“合乎大祖”。治(zhi),直吏反。

[疏]“《有瞽》十三句”。
  ○正义曰:《有瞽》诗者,始作乐而合於太祖之乐歌也。谓周公摄政六年,制礼作乐,一代之乐功成,而合诸乐器於太祖之庙,奏之,告神以知和否。诗人述其事而为此歌焉。经皆言合诸乐器奏之事也。言合於太祖,则特告太祖,不因祭祀,且不告馀庙。以乐初成,故於最尊之庙奏之耳。定本、《集注》直云“合於祖”,无“太”字。此太祖谓文王也。
  ○笺“王者”至“奏之”。
  ○正义曰(yue):“王者功(gong)成作(zuo)(zuo)乐,治(zhi)定制(zhi)礼”,《乐记(ji)》文也。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证此时(shi)成功(gong),故作(zuo)(zuo)乐也。彼(bi)注云(yun):“功(gong)成治(zhi)定同时(shi)耳(er)。功(gong)主(zhu)於王业(ye),治(zhi)主(zhu)於教民。”然则武王虽(sui)已克(ke)殷,未为功(gong)成,故至於太(tai)平始功(gong)成作(zuo)(zuo)乐也。大合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)乐而(er)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)乐器(qi)一时(shi)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即经所云(yun)“鞉磬柷圉”、“箫管”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)是也。知不(bu)合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)异代(dai)乐者,以序者序经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所陈,止(zhi)说周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐器(qi)。言既备乃奏(zou),是诸(zhu)(zhu)器(qi)备集(ji),然后(hou)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无他代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐,故知非合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)异代(dai)乐也。

有瞽有瞽,在周之庭。设业设虡,崇牙树羽。应田县鼓,鞉磬柷圉。瞽,乐官也。业,大板也,所以饰栒为县也。捷业如锯齿,或曰画之。植者为虡,衡者为栒。崇牙上饰卷然,可以县也。树羽,置羽也。应,小鞞也。田,大鼓也。县鼓,周鼓也。鞉,鞉鼓也。柷,木椌也。圉,楬也。笺云:瞽。矇。以为乐官者,目无所见,於音声审也。《周礼》“上瞽四十人,中瞽百人,下瞽百六十人”。有视了者相之。又设县鼓。田当作“朄”。朄,小鼓,在大鼓旁,应鞞之属也,声转字误,变而作田。
  ○虡音(yin)巨。应(ying)(ying),应(ying)(ying)对之应(ying)(ying)。注同。田,毛(mao)如(ru)字(zi),郑作(zuo)(zuo)“朄”,音(yin)胤。县音(yin)玄。注皆同。鞉,字(zi)亦作(zuo)(zuo)“鼗”,音(yin)桃。柷(zhu),尺叔反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。圉,鱼吕(lv)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。栒(xun),荀(xun)允(yun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。锯音(yin)据(ju)。植(zhi),时力反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又直吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。衡,华盲反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。卷音(yin)权(quan),又起圆反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。鞞,步兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。椌(qiang),苦江反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。楬(jie),苦瞎反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。矇音(yin)蒙,有目眹而无(wu)见也(ye)。瞭音(yin)了。视瞭,有目人也(ye)。相(xiang),息亮(liang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“有瞽有瞽”。
  ○毛以为,始作《大武》之乐,合於太庙之时,有此瞽人,有此瞽人,其作乐者,皆在周之庙庭矣。既有瞽人,又使人为之设其横者之业,又设其植者之虡,其上刻为崇牙,因树置五采之羽以为之饰。既有应之小鼓,又有田之大鼓,其鼓悬之虡业,为悬鼓也。又有鞉有磬,有柷有圉,皆视了设之於庭矣。既备具,乃使瞽人击而奏之。又有吹者,编竹之箫,并竹之管,已备举作之,喤喤然和集其声。此等诸声,皆恭敬和谐而鸣,不相夺理,先祖之神於是降而听之。於时我客二王之后,適来至止,与闻此乐,其音感之,长令多其成功。谓感於和乐,遂入善道也。此乐能感人神,为美之极,故述而歌之。
  ○郑唯应田俱为小鼓为异。馀同。文须如此者,以乐皆瞽人为之,故先言“有瞽有瞽”,於瞽下言於周之庭,则乐皆在庭矣。周人初改为悬,故於诸乐先言悬事。於虡业言设,则柷圉以上皆蒙设文。其箫管则执以吹之,非所当设,於“乃奏”之下别言“备举”。助祭之人盖应多矣,独言我客者,以二王之后尊,故特言之也。
  ○传“瞽乐”至“圉楬”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·瞽矇》为大师之属,职掌“播鞉、柷、圉、箫、管、弦、歌”。是瞽为乐官也。《释器》云:“大板谓之业。”是业为大板也。又解业之所用,所以饰栒为悬也。悬之横者为栒,其上加之以业,所以饰此栒而为悬设也。其形刻之捷业然如锯齿,故谓之业。或曰画之,谓既刻又画之,以无明文,故为两解。业即栒上之板,与栒相配为一,故通解栒虡之体,植者为虡,横者为栒也。知者,以《春官·典庸器》、《冬官·梓人》及《明堂位》、《檀弓》皆言栒虡,而不言业,此及《灵台》言虡业,而无栒文,皆与虡相配,栒、业互见,明一事也。名生於体,而谓之为业,则是其形捷业,宜横以置悬,故知横者为栒。既言业所以饰栒,则与之为一,据栒定其横植,而业统名焉,故不言横曰业也。栒业既横,则虡者自然植矣。《释器》云:“木谓之虡。”郭璞云:“悬锺磬之木,植者名虡。”虡既用木,则栒亦木为之也。又知崇牙上饰,卷然可以为悬者,《灵台》云:“虡业维枞。”枞即崇牙上饰,卷然可以为悬者也。系於业而言“维”,明在业上为之,故与此二文以互言业,不言栒也。虡者立於两端,栒则横入於虡。其栒之上,加施大板,则著於栒。其上刻为崇牙,似锯齿捷业然,故谓之业牙,即业之上齿也,故《明堂位》云:“夏后氏之龙簨虡,殷之崇牙。”注云:横曰簨,饰之以鳞属,以大板为之,谓之业;殷又於龙上刻画之为重牙,以挂悬纮。是牙即业之上齿也,以其形卷然,得挂绳於上,故言可以为悬也。言挂悬纮者,纮谓悬之绳也。“树羽,置羽”者,置之於栒虡之上角。《汉礼器制度》云:“为龙头及颔口衔璧,璧下有旄牛尾。”《明堂位》於崇牙之下又云:“周之璧翣。”注云“周人画缯为翣,载以璧,垂五采羽其下,树翣於簨之角上,饰弥多”是也。知“应,小鞞”者,《释乐》云:“大鼓谓之鼖,小者谓之应。”是应为小鼓也。《大射礼》应鞞在建鼓东,则为应和。建鼓、应鞞共文,是为一器,故知“应,小鞞”也。应既是小,田宜为大,故云“田,大鼓也”。《明堂位》云:“夏后氏之足鼓,殷人楹鼓,同人悬鼓。”是周法鼓始在悬,故云“悬鼓,周鼓”。解此诗特言悬意也。若然,大射礼者,是周礼也。其乐用建鼓,建鼓则殷之楹鼓也。而大射用之者,以彼诸侯射礼略於乐,备三面而已,故无悬鼓也。鞉者,《春官·小师》注云:“鞉,如鼓而小,持其柄摇之,傍耳还自击是也。”“柷,木椌。圉,楬”者,以《乐记》有椌、楬之文,与此柷、圉为一,故辨之。言木椌者,明用木为之。言柷用木,则圉亦用木,以木可知而略之。《大师》注:“大柷,敔也。”是二器皆用木也。《皋陶谟》云:“合止柷敔。”注云:“柷,状如漆筒,中有椎。合之者,投推於其中而撞之。敔状如伏虎,背上刻之,所以鼓之以止乐。”《释乐》云:“所以鼓柷谓之止,所以鼓敔谓之籈。”郭璞云:“柷如漆筒,方二尺四寸,深一尺八寸,中有推,柄连底。挏之,令左右击。止者,其椎名也。敔如伏虎,背上有二十七鉏敔,刻以木。长尺栎之,籈者,其名也。”此等形状,盖依汉之《大予乐》而知之。其栒簨、圉敔,古今字耳。
  ○笺“瞽矇”至“作田”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)相对,则(ze)(ze)目有(you)小(xiao)异。《周礼》谓(wei)其(qi)官(guan)为(wei)瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng),故连言之,解(jie)以(yi)瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)为(wei)乐官(guan)之意。以(yi)目无所见,思绝外物,於(wu)音声(sheng)(sheng)审(shen)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼》“上瞽(gu)(gu)四十人(ren),中瞽(gu)(gu)百(bai)人(ren),下(xia)瞽(gu)(gu)百(bai)六十人(ren)”,《春官(guan)》序(xu)官(guan)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼注云(yun):“命其(qi)贤(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)者以(yi)为(wei)太(tai)师(shi)、小(xiao)师(shi)。”是以(yi)才智(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)差等(deng),不以(yi)目状为(wei)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又解(jie)此无目而可用者,有(you)视了(le)(le)者相之。又使此视了(le)(le)设悬鼓,因明设业(ye)以(yi)下(xia),皆视了(le)(le)设之,非瞽(gu)(gu)自(zi)设也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春官(guan)》序(xu)於(wu)“瞽(gu)(gu)矇(meng)”之下(xia)云(yun):“视了(le)(le)三(san)百(bai)人(ren)。”则(ze)(ze)一瞽(gu)(gu)一视了(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。注云(yun):“了(le)(le),目明者也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)职云(yun):“掌(zhang)大(da)师(shi)之悬。凡乐事相瞽(gu)(gu)。”注云(yun):“大(da)师(shi)当(dang)悬则(ze)(ze)为(wei)之。相谓(wei)扶工。”是主相瞽(gu)(gu),又设悬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)经、传(chuan)皆无田(tian)(tian)(tian)鼓之名,而田(tian)(tian)(tian)与应(ying)(ying)连文(wen),皆在(zai)悬鼓之上,应(ying)(ying)者应(ying)(ying)大(da)鼓,则(ze)(ze)田(tian)(tian)(tian)亦应(ying)(ying)之类。《大(da)师(shi)职》云(yun):“下(xia)管(guan),播(bo)乐器,令奏鼓朄(yin)。”注云(yun):“为(wei)大(da)鼓先引。”是古(gu)有(you)名朄(yin)引导鼓,故知田(tian)(tian)(tian)当(dang)为(wei)朄(yin),是应(ying)(ying)鞞之属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又解(jie)误为(wei)田(tian)(tian)(tian),意朄(yin)字以(yi)柬(jian)为(wei)声(sheng)(sheng),声(sheng)(sheng)既转去柬(jian),唯有(you)申(shen)在(zai),申(shen)字又误去其(qi)上下(xia),故变作田(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

既备乃奏,箫管备举。喤喤厥声,肃雍和鸣,先祖是听。笺云:既备者,悬也,朄也,皆毕已也。乃奏,谓乐作也。箫,编小竹管,如今卖饧者所吹也。管如篴,并而吹之。
  ○喤,华盲(mang)反(fan),又(you)音(yin)横,又(you)音(yin)皇。编,薄殄反(fan),又(you)必(bi)绵反(fan),《史记》音(yin)甫连反(fan),《字林》、《声(sheng)类》、《韵集》并布千反(fan)。饧,夕(xi)清反(fan),蜜也。又(you)音(yin)唐(tang)。《方言(yan)》云:“张(zhang)皇也。”即乾糖也,音(yin)唐(tang)。篴字又(you)作(zuo)笛,同徒历反(fan)。并,步顶反(fan)。

[疏]笺“箫编”至“吹之”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《释乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,小(xiao)者(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筊。”李巡(xun)曰(yue):“大(da)(da)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)声(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)者(zhe)言言也(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)者(zhe)声(sheng)(sheng)扬而小(xiao),故言筊筊,小(xiao)也(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)璞曰(yue):“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)者(zhe),编二(er)十三管(guan)(guan),长(zhang)(zhang)尺四寸(cun)。小(xiao)者(zhe)十六管(guan)(guan),长(zhang)(zhang)尺二(er)寸(cun)。一名籁。”《易(yi)·通卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)长(zhang)(zhang)尺四寸(cun)。”《风(feng)俗通》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)参差象凤翼,十管(guan)(guan),长(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺。”其言管(guan)(guan)数长(zhang)(zhang)短不同,盖有大(da)(da)小(xiao)故也(ye)(ye)。要(yao)是编小(xiao)竹管(guan)(guan)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳,如(ru)今卖(mai)饧者(zhe)所(suo)吹(chui)。其时(shi)卖(mai)饧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人吹(chui)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)以自(zi)表(biao)也(ye)(ye)。《史记》称伍子胥鼓腹吹(chui)箫(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),乞食(shi)吴市,亦为(wei)自(zi)表(biao)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。《方言》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“饧谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)张皇,或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)滑糖。凡饴谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饧,关东(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通语也(ye)(ye)。”然则饧者(zhe),餭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)。管(guan)(guan)如(ru)笛,并(bing)而吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)并(bing)吹(chui)两(liang)管(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。《小(xiao)师》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“管(guan)(guan)如(ru)笛,形小(xiao),并(bing)两(liang)而吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今大(da)(da)予乐官(guan)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是也(ye)(ye)。《释乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)簥(qiao)。”李巡(xun)曰(yue):“声(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)大(da)(da)故曰(yue)簥(qiao)。簥(qiao),高(gao)也(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)璞曰(yue):“管(guan)(guan)长(zhang)(zhang)尺,围寸(cun),并(bing)漆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有底(di)。贾氏以为(wei)如(ru)篪(chi),六孔。”

我客戾止,永观厥成。笺云:我客,二王之后也。长多其成功,谓深感於和乐,遂入善道,终无愆过。
  ○观,古衍反(fan),又如字,注同(tong),多也。乐(le)如字,或音洛(luo)。愆,去连反(fan)。

《有瞽》一章,十三句。

《潜》,季冬荐鱼,春献鲔也。冬鱼之性定,春鲔新来,荐献之者,谓於宗庙也。
  ○潜,在(zai)廉(lian)反(fan),《尔雅》作“<禾(he)朁(can)>”,郭音潜,又音岑。《韩诗》云:“涔,鱼池。”《小雅》作“<禾(he)朁(can)>”,时砧反(fan)。鲔,于轨(gui)反(fan)。

[疏]“《潜》六句”。
  ○正义曰:《潜》诗者,季冬荐鱼,春献鲔之乐歌也。谓周公、成王太平之时,季冬荐鱼於宗庙,至春又献鲔。泽及潜逃鱼皆肥美,献之先祖,神明降福。作者述其事而为此歌焉。经总言冬春,杂陈鱼鲔,皆是荐献之事也。先言季冬,而后言春者,冬即次春,故依先后为文,且冬荐鱼多,故先言之。冬言季冬,春亦季春也。《月令》“季春荐鲔於寝庙”。《天官·渔人》:“春献王鲔。”注引《月令》季春之事,是荐鲔在季春也。不言季者,以季春鲔鱼新来,正月未有鲔,言春则季可知,且文承季冬之下,从而略之也。冬言荐,春云献者,皆谓子孙献进於先祖,其义一也。经言“以享”,是冬亦为献。《月令》季春言荐鲔,是春亦有荐,因时异而变文耳。冬则众鱼皆可荐,故总称鱼。春唯献鲔而已,故特言鲔。
  ○笺“冬鱼”至“宗庙”。
  ○正义曰:冬鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)定(ding)者(zhe)(zhe),冬月既(ji)寒(han),鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)行,乃性(xing)定(ding)而肥(fei)充,故(gu)(gu)冬荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《天官·庖(pao)人》注云(yun)(yun)“鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雁水涸而性(xing)定(ding)”,则十(shi)月已定(ding)矣。但(dan)十(shi)月初定(ding),季(ji)(ji)冬始肥(fei),取(qu)其尤美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《月令》季(ji)(ji)冬,乃“命渔(yu)师始渔(yu),天子(zi)亲(qin)往,乃尝(chang)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),先荐(jian)寝庙(miao)”,注云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)时鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絜美,故(gu)(gu)特(te)荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《白(bai)虎(hu)通》云(yun)(yun):“王者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)亲(qin)取(qu)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以荐(jian)庙(miao)。”故(gu)(gu)亲(qin)行非此(ci)则不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。故(gu)(gu)隐(yin)五年“公矢鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)於棠”,《春秋》讥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《鲁语》里革云(yun)(yun),古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)寒(han)降(jiang),土(tu)(tu)蛰(zhe)发,水虞於是(shi)乎讲罛罶,取(qu)名(ming)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),而尝(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“大(da)寒(han)降(jiang)”,与此(ci)“季(ji)(ji)冬”同。其言(yan)(yan)(yan)“土(tu)(tu)蛰(zhe)发”,则孟(meng)(meng)春也(ye)(ye)。以春鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)始动,犹乘冬先肥(fei),气序既(ji)移,故(gu)(gu)又(you)取(qu)以荐(jian)。然则季(ji)(ji)冬、孟(meng)(meng)春皆可(ke)以荐(jian)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。韦昭以为(wei)(wei),荐(jian)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唯在(zai)季(ji)(ji)冬。《国语》云(yun)(yun)“孟(meng)(meng)春”者(zhe)(zhe),误。案《月令》孟(meng)(meng)春“獭(ta)祭鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,则鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)而可(ke)荐(jian),但(dan)自(zi)《礼(li)》文(wen)不(bu)(bu)具(ju),无其事耳(er)。里革称古(gu)以言(yan)(yan)(yan),不(bu)(bu)当谬也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)春鲔(wei)新来者(zhe)(zhe),陆机(ji)云(yun)(yun):“河(he)(he)南巩县(xian)东北崖上山(shan)腹有穴(xue),旧说云(yun)(yun)此(ci)穴(xue)与江(jiang)湖(hu)通,鲔(wei)从此(ci)穴(xue)而来,北入河(he)(he),西上龙门,入漆沮。故(gu)(gu)张衡云(yun)(yun)‘王鲔(wei)岫居,山(shan)穴(xue)为(wei)(wei)岫’,谓此(ci)穴(xue)也(ye)(ye)。”然则其来有时,以春取(qu)而献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明新来也(ye)(ye)。陆机(ji)又(you)云(yun)(yun):“大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)王鲔(wei),小(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)鮇鲔(wei)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)王鲔(wei),谓鲔(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。序止(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)荐(jian)献(xian),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)所在(zai),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)荐(jian)献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),谓於宗庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)。

猗与漆沮,潜有多鱼。有鳣有鲔,鲦鲿鰋鲤。漆、沮,岐周之二水也。潜,糁也。笺云:猗与,叹美之言也。鳣,大鲤也。鲔,鮥也。鲦,白鲦也。鰋,鲇也。
  ○猗,於宜反(fan)(fan)(fan)。与音(yin)余。漆(qi)音(yin)七(qi)。沮,七(qi)余反(fan)(fan)(fan)。鳣(shan),张(zhang)连反(fan)(fan)(fan)。鲦音(yin)条(tiao)。鲿音(yin)常。鰋音(yin)偃。鲤音(yin)里。糁,素感反(fan)(fan)(fan),旧《诗(shi)传》及《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》本并作“米”傍“参(can)”。《小尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》云(yun):“鱼之所息谓之橬。橬,椮也(ye)。”谓积柴水中,令鱼依(yi)之止(zhi)息,因而取(qu)之也(ye)。郭景(jing)纯因改《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》从《小尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》作“木(mu)”傍“参(can)”,音(yin)霜(shuang)甚反(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)疏(shu)荫反(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)心廪反(fan)(fan)(fan)。《字林》作“罧(lin)”,音(yin)山沁反(fan)(fan)(fan),义(yi)同。鮥(luo)音(yin)洛,《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》云(yun):“鮥(luo),叔(shu)鲔。”鲇(nian),乃(nai)谦反(fan)(fan)(fan),沈又(you)奴(nu)廉反(fan)(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“猗与漆沮”。
  ○毛以为,可猗嗟而叹美与,此漆、沮之二水!其中有养鱼之潜,此潜之内乃有多众之鱼,有鳣有鲔,又有鲦、鲿、鰋、鲤,是其多也。我太平王者以献之先祖,以之祀宗庙,神明飨之,以此得大大之福也。
  ○郑唯介为助。馀同。
  ○传“漆沮”至“潜椮”。
  ○正义曰:漆、沮自豳历岐周以至丰、镐,以其荐献所取,不宜远於京邑,故不言豳。言岐周者,镐京去岐不远,故系而言之。其实此为潜之处,当近京邑。《释器》云:“椮谓之涔。”李巡曰:“今以木投水中养鱼曰涔。”孙炎曰:“积柴养鱼曰椮。”郭璞曰:“今之作椮者,聚积柴木於水中,鱼得寒入其里藏隐,因以簿围捕取之。”椮字诸家本作“米”边,《尔雅》作“木”边,积柴之义也。然则椮用木,不用米,当从木为正也。涔、潜,古今字。
  ○笺“鳣大”至“鰋鲇”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:鳣、鲔已释(shi)於《卫(wei)风》。言白鲦、鰋鲇,以时验而言之也(ye)。《释(shi)鱼》有(you)鰋,郭璞曰:“今鰋,额(e)白鱼也(ye)。”

以(yi)享以(yi)祀,以(yi)介景(jing)福。笺(jian)云:介,助。景(jing),大也。

《潜(qian)》一章(zhang),六句。

《雍》,禘大祖也。禘,大祭也。大於四时,而小於祫。大祖,谓文王。
  ○禘,大(da)计反。大(da)音(yin)泰。祫,户夹反,大(da)祭名也。

[疏]“《雍》十六句”。
  ○正义曰:《雍》者,禘大祖之乐歌也。谓周公、成王太平之时,禘祭大祖之庙。诗人以今之太平,由此大祖,故因其祭,述其事,而为此歌焉。经言祭祀文王,诸侯来助,神明安孝子,予之多福,皆是禘文王之事也。毛於禘祫其言不明,唯《閟宫》传曰:“诸侯夏禘则不礿,秋祫则不尝。”然则天子亦有禘祫。禘祫者,皆殷祭,盖亦如郑“三年一祫,五年一禘”也。武王以周十二月崩,其明年周公摄政,称元年十二月小祥,二年十二月大祥,三年二月禫,四年春禘,盖此时也。若复五年,则成王即政之年,颂之大例皆是元年前事,此不应独在五年禘时也。郑以武王十二月崩,成王三年二月禫,周公避流言而出,明年春禘,於时周公未反,时非太平,必不得为此颂也。又明年,周公反而居摄,是为元年。至三年而祫,五年禘。常禘当以夏,此即摄政五年之夏禘也。然则此禘毛以春,郑以夏,又不同。
  ○笺“禘大”至“文王”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)”,《释天(tian)》文(wen)。嫌祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最大(da)(da)(da)(da),故又(you)辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)时,而(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)祫(xia)(xia)。”《礼(li)记·祭(ji)法(fa)》“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾而(er)(er)郊稷”,禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)天(tian)圆丘也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“王者(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)其祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所自(zi)出。”禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)感生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝於(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)圆丘与郊,亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)。知(zhi)(zhi)《释天(tian)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)“非(fei)祭(ji)天(tian)”者(zhe),以《尔雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)即云(yun)(yun)(yun)“绎(yi),又(you)祭(ji)”,绎(yi)是(shi)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji),故知(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)尚为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji),则(ze)郊丘大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi),故《郑志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji),天(tian)人共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran),禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)既(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji),宜大(da)(da)(da)(da)不是(shi)过,而(er)(er)得(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)祫(xia)(xia)者(zhe),以四(si)(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,特为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)祭(ji),大(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)时,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)。但此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji),五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再为(wei)(wei),一(yi)(yi)则(ze)合(he)(he)聚祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),则(ze)各就其庙(miao)(miao),故以合(he)(he)祭(ji)为(wei)(wei)祫(xia)(xia),就庙(miao)(miao)为(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尚大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji),祫(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)举轻以明(ming)重(zhong),故郑每云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再殷(yin)祭(ji)”。殷(yin),大(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)祫(xia)(xia)、禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)者(zhe)俱为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)宜小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)稠,大(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)稀。而(er)(er)《礼(li)纬》言(yan)(yan)(yan)“三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)祫(xia)(xia),五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,反禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)稀而(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)数者(zhe),圣人因事(shi)(shi)(shi)见法(fa),以天(tian)道三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)闰,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再闰,故制礼(li)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)祫(xia)(xia),五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。每於(wu)(wu)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)礼(li),据其年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)端(duan)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故言(yan)(yan)(yan)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)耳。其实禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、祫(xia)(xia)自(zi)相(xiang)距各五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),非(fei)祫(xia)(xia)多而(er)(er)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)少也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)祫(xia)(xia)者(zhe),《春秋》文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)”,《公(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)何?祫(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毁庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主陈(chen)於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),未毁庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主皆升合(he)(he)食於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。”是(shi)合(he)(he)祭(ji)群庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。昭十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“有事(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)武(wu)宫”,《左传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)武(wu)公(gong)。”是(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)一(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祫(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi),禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)言(yan)(yan)(yan)有事(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)祫(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)谓(wei)(wei)文(wen)王者(zhe),以经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“假哉皇考”,又(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“文(wen)武(wu)维后(hou)(hou)”,是(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)皇考为(wei)(wei)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人后(hou)(hou),明(ming)非(fei)后(hou)(hou)稷。若是(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷则(ze)身非(fei)天(tian)子,不得(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“维后(hou)(hou)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)谓(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe),既(ji)非(fei)后(hou)(hou)稷,明(ming)知(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)文(wen)王也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)王虽不得(de)为(wei)(wei)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),可(ke)以为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若此(ci)(ci)(ci)祭(ji)文(wen)王,则(ze)於(wu)(wu)礼(li)当讳,而(er)(er)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“克昌厥后(hou)(hou)”者(zhe),以此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗自(zi)是(shi)四(si)(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人歌颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声,本非(fei)庙(miao)(miao)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故其辞不为(wei)(wei)庙(miao)(miao)讳。及(ji)采(cai)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),即为(wei)(wei)经(jing)典,《诗》、《书》不讳,故无嫌耳。《烝民》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)(si)方爰发(fa)”,亦(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

有来雍雍,至止肃肃。相维辟公,天子穆穆。於荐广牡,相予肆祀。相,助。广,大也。笺云:雍雍,和也。肃肃,敬也。有是来时雍雍然,既至止而肃肃然者,乃助王禘祭百辟与诸侯也。天子是时则穆穆然。於进大牡之牲,百辟与诸侯又助我陈祭祀之馔,言得天下之欢心。
  ○相,息亮反。注同。辟音璧(bi),君也。注同。於,郑如字,王音乌(wu)。

[疏]“有来雍雍”。毛以为,有是从彼本国而来,其颜色雍雍然而柔和,既至止於此,则容貌肃肃然而恭敬,助祭事者,维为国君之诸公。於是时,天子之容则穆穆然而美。言助祭者敬和,祭者又美,宾主各得其宜。又指言助祭之事,於我天子荐进大牡之牲,其时辟公助祭,陈其祭祀之馔,言得天下之欢心。由大祖德及使之然,可嘉美哉!君考文王,其德彼於后世,能安定我之孝子,故今为天下所归,是可嘉也。皇考遍使之有才智者,维天下之人。谓皇考行化教之,令之有智。所以然者,由以文德武功维为之君故也。由皇考能遍使民智,故孝子得安皇考之德,又能安及皇天,使无三辰之灾,而有徵祥之瑞。以此为天所祐,故能昌大其后之子孙,令长有天下。以今禘祭,则皇考又安祐我之孝子,得年有秀眉之寿,光大孝子以繁多之福也。我孝子非徒为皇考所福,既见祐助於光明之考,亦见祐助於文德之母。言武王大姒以皇考之故,亦祐助孝子也。
  ○郑唯辟为卿士,公谓诸侯,又以介为助为异。馀同。
  ○传“相,助。广,大”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》云:“相、助,勴也。”俱训为勴,是相得为助。广是宽博,亦大之义。传於《烈文》辟公皆斥诸侯,无卿士之义,则此辟亦非卿士,当谓国君诸公也,故王肃云:“来助祭者,维国君诸公。天子穆穆然,以美德为之王。”
  ○笺“雍雍”至“欢心”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:“雍雍,和。肃肃,敬(jing)”,《乐(le)记》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)。和在(zai)色,敬(jing)在(zai)心。和敬(jing),贤者(zhe)之(zhi)常(chang),因未至异文(wen)而分之(zhi)耳(er),其实常(chang)雍肃也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)序言(yan)禘(di),故云(yun)助(zhu)。王(wang)禘(di)祭(ji)(ji),孝子当悫而趋,言(yan)穆穆者(zhe),以(yi)孝子於祖父则为(wei)子孙之(zhi)容,若(ruo)非对(dui)神前,则可为(wei)穆穆也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)於荐大牡之(zhi)牲(sheng),举其祭(ji)(ji)时(shi)所用(yong),《楚茨》所谓“洁尔牛羊,以(yi)往烝(zheng)尝,或剥或烹”之(zhi)类,是助(zhu)王(wang)陈(chen)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)馔(zhuan),言(yan)其得(de)天下之(zhi)欢心。此言(yan)“肆(si)(si)(si)祀(si)”,笺以(yi)为(wei)陈(chen)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)馔(zhuan)。《牧誓》云(yun):“商(shang)王(wang)受(shou)昏弃(qi)厥(jue)肆(si)(si)(si)祀(si)。”注云(yun)“肆(si)(si)(si)祀(si),祭(ji)(ji)名(ming)”者(zhe),以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)必肆(si)(si)(si)之(zhi),故言(yan)肆(si)(si)(si)祀(si)。《尚(shang)书》指言(yan)纣之(zhi)所弃(qi),故知(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)名(ming)。此言(yan)所助(zhu),是其为(wei)肆(si)(si)(si),故不以(yi)为(wei)祭(ji)(ji)名(ming),理(li)亦相通(tong)也(ye)(ye)。

假哉皇考!绥予孝子。宣哲维人,文武维后。假,嘉也。笺云:宣,徧也。嘉哉群考,斥文王也。文王之德,乃安我孝子,谓受命定其基业也。又徧使天下之人有才知,以文德武功为之君故。
  ○假(jia)音暇,徐古雅(ya)反。哲音哲,本亦(yi)作“哲”,同。徧(bian)音遍。下同。知音智。

[疏]传“假,嘉”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“宣徧”至“君故”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“宣(xuan),徧(bian)”,《释言(yan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。《释诂》云(yun):“皇(huang)(huang),君(jun)也(ye)。”此大祖(zu)宜为一(yi)代始王(wang)(wang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)嘉哉君(jun)考(kao)(kao)斥文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)。《闵(min)予(yu)小子》皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)与(yu)皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu)相对,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)为武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)。此则下有“烈考(kao)(kao)”为武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)为文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)。考(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe),成德之名(ming),可以通其父祖(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。《祭法》云(yun):“父曰(yue)(yue)考(kao)(kao),祖(zu)父曰(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)考(kao)(kao),曾(ceng)祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)。”此与(yu)《闵(min)予(yu)小子》非(fei)曾(ceng)祖(zu),亦云(yun)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe),以其散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)取尊(zun)君(jun)之义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)父祖(zu)皆(jie)得称之。安(an)我孝子,言(yan)其享有天下,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓受命(ming)定其基业。述皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)一(yi)人(ren)之德,而言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)德武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功,即《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)有声》所云(yun)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)受命(ming),有此武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功”。是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)有文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。并(bing)举文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以教化,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以除暴,暴止教兴,故(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)皆(jie)有才(cai)智也(ye)。

燕及皇天,克昌厥后。绥我眉寿,介以繁祉。燕,安也。笺云:繁,多也。文王之德,安及皇天,谓降瑞应,无变异也。又能昌大其子孙,安助之以考寿与多福禄。
  ○克昌如字,或云文王名。此禘於(wu)文王之诗(shi)也,周人以讳(hui)事神,不应(ying)犯讳(hui),当音(yin)处(chu)亮反。应(ying),应(ying)对之应(ying)。

[疏]笺“繁多”至“福禄”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:昭(zhao)二(er)十八年《左传》曰:“恶直丑正,实繁有徒(tu)。”是繁为(wei)众之义(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)多也。天之监下,作为(wei)徵祥。今言(yan)(yan)皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)之德,能安及皇(huang)(huang)天,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知谓降瑞应也。以此福(fu)庆,流及后昆,故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)又(you)能昌大其(qi)子(zi)孙。子(zi)孙既蒙其(qi)福(fu),今祭而得礼,故(gu)(gu)(gu)文王之神(shen)安我孝子(zi)以寿考(kao),予之以福(fu)禄。上言(yan)(yan)“绥(sui)(sui)(sui)予孝子(zi)”,是皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)绥(sui)(sui)(sui)之。今言(yan)(yan)“绥(sui)(sui)(sui)我眉寿”,亦(yi)是皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)绥(sui)(sui)(sui)之,以覆成上意(yi)也。

既右烈考,亦右文母。烈考,武王也。文母,大姒也。笺云:烈,光也。子孙所以得考寿与多福者,乃以见右助於光明之考与文德之母,归美焉。
  ○右(you)音祐,下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。助也。大姒音泰(tai),下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。姒,文王妃。

[疏]传“烈考”至“大姒”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):以(yi)大(da)祖(zu)为文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang),皇考当之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。而(er)别言(yan)烈考,故知为武(wu)王(wang)(wang),即《洛(luo)诰》所云(yun)“烈考武(wu)王(wang)(wang),宏朕恭”,一也(ye)。彼注以(yi)烈为威,此笺以(yi)烈为光者,义(yi)得两(liang)通故也(ye)。文(wen)(wen)母(mu)继文(wen)(wen)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),虽大(da)似自(zi)有文(wen)(wen)德(de),亦因文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)而(er)称之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。此非颂所主,而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)者,明(ming)时得祐(you)之(zhi)(zhi)多,故归美(mei)焉。

《雍》一章(zhang),十(shi)六句。

《载见》,诸侯始见乎武王庙也。
  ○见,贤遍(bian)反。下同。

[疏]“《载见》十四句”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《载(zai)(zai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)》诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐歌(ge)也(ye)。谓(wei)周(zhou)公居(ju)摄七年,而归政(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)。成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)即政(zheng),诸(zhu)侯(hou)来朝(chao)(chao),於(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)率(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)。诗(shi)(shi)人述其(qi)事而为此(ci)歌(ge)焉。经(jing)言(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)来朝(chao)(chao),车服有(you)法,助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭得福,皆为见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao)而言(yan),故举(ju)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案经(jing)“载(zai)(zai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟王(wang)”,谓(wei)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)也(ye)。又言(yan)“率(lv)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)昭考(kao)”,乃是(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)。今序唯言(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)庙(miao),不(bu)言(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)作者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)美(mei)其(qi)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭,不(bu)美(mei)朝(chao)(chao)王(wang),主意(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)庙(miao),故序特(te)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来,必先朝(chao)(chao)而后助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭,故经(jing)“始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)君王(wang)”与“率(lv)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)昭考(kao)”为首引耳。武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崩,至於(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)即政(zheng),历年多矣,立庙(miao)久矣,诸(zhu)侯(hou)往前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao),已(yi)应尝经(jing)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭。於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)乃言(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)庙(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)初即王(wang)位,万事改新,成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)时(shi)亲为祭主,言(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)王(wang),非谓(wei)立庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来诸(zhu)侯(hou)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。《烈(lie)文》“成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)即政(zheng),诸(zhu)侯(hou)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭”,笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)为朝(chao)(chao)享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,则是(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)(yue)朔日也(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)始(shi)告嗣位,不(bu)得祭前已(yi)受诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)。此(ci)诗(shi)(shi)言(yan)既(ji)朝(chao)(chao)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang),乃后助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭,则与《烈(lie)文》异时(shi)也(ye)。要言(yan)始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)君王(wang),不(bu)宜过后淹久,盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)(yue)来朝(chao)(chao),即助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)春祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭也(ye)。四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,遍祭群庙(miao),独言(yan)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),作者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)特(te)言(yan)“昭考(kao)”,其(qi)意(yi)主於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)故也(ye)。

载见辟王,曰求厥章。龙旂阳阳,和铃央央。鞗革有鸧,休有烈光。载,始也。龙旂阳阳,言有文章也。和在轼前。铃在旂上。鞗革有鸧,言有法度也。笺云:诸侯始见君王,谓见成王也。曰求其章者,求车服礼仪之文章制度也。交龙为旂。鞗革,辔首也。鸧,金饰貌。休者,休然盛壮。
  ○辟音璧。下同。铃音零。《左传》云:“锡銮和铃,昭其声也。”央,於良反,徐音英。鞗音条。鸧,七羊反,本(ben)亦作“鎗”,同。休,许(xu)蚪反,又许(xu)求反。注同。轼音式。

[疏]“载见辟王”。
  ○毛以为,诸侯始来朝而见君王,作者美而述之,曰:此等皆能自求其章,谓能内脩诸己,自求车服礼仪文章,使不失法度。以此之故,其所建交龙之旂阳阳然而有文章;其在轼之和,与旂上之铃,央央然而有音声;又以鞗皮为辔首之革,其末以金为饰,有鎗然而美。此旂、和铃、革如是休然盛壮而有显光,是能自求文章,故无所不美也。既能朝见以礼,至於祭时,伯又率之以见於明德之考,谓令入武王之庙,使之助祭,以致孝子之事,以献祭祀之礼,以光大我王,使得秀眉之寿。又叙诸侯之意,言此孝享介寿之道,长我诸侯能安而行之,思使我君成王得众多之福也。是光明文章之君公能得礼如是,我昭考之神乃安此诸侯以多福,使之皆有光明之德以至於大。大谓令传世无穷,长为国君也。
  ○郑以介为助,辟公谓百辟与诸侯,俾缉熙于纯嘏谓使之皆光明於大嘏之意,唯此为异。馀同。
  ○传“载始”至“法度”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》云:“哉,始也。”哉、载义同,故亦为始。龙旂者,旂上画为交龙,故知阳阳言有文章。和亦铃也,言在轼前,相传为然,无正文也。《释天》云:“有铃曰旂。”李巡曰:“以铃著旒端。”郭璞曰:“悬铃於竿头,画交龙於旒。”是铃在旂上。鞗革有鎗,鎗为革之貌,言有法度,虽在有鎗之下,主为鞗革而言,其意亦兼言旂、铃皆有法也。
  ○笺“诸侯”至“盛壮”。
  ○正义曰(yue):以辟公文见(jian)於下,故(gu)先言诸侯。此诗成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)时事(shi),故(gu)知(zhi)始(shi)见(jian)君王(wang)谓见(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)也(ye)。曰(yue)求其(qi)章者,将自(zi)说(shuo)其(qi)事(shi),故(gu)言“曰(yue)”以目之。作(zuo)者所称曰(yue),非诸侯自(zi)言曰(yue)也(ye)。诸侯谨慎(shen)奉法,即(ji)是自(zi)求其(qi)章。旂、铃(ling)是在车(che)之物,故(gu)知(zhi)车(che)服(fu)礼仪(yi)文章制(zhi)度也(ye)。“交龙为(wei)旂”,《春官·司常》文。《释器》云(yun):“辔(pei)首谓之革(ge)。”故(gu)知(zhi)“鞗革(ge),辔(pei)首也(ye)”。辔(pei)用皮革(ge),而(er)云(yun)“有鎗(qiang)(qiang)”,故(gu)知(zhi)鎗(qiang)(qiang)为(wei)金(jin)饰貌,即(ji)《韩奕》所云(yun)“鞗革(ge)金(jin)厄”是也(ye)。休与烈(lie)光连文,故(gu)为(wei)盛壮(zhuang)。

率见昭考,以孝以享。以介眉寿,永言保之,思皇多祜。昭考,武王也。享,献也。笺云:言,我。皇,君也。诸侯既以朝礼见於成王,至祭时,伯又率之见於武王庙,使助祭也,以致孝子之事,以献祭祀之礼,以助考寿之福。长我安行此道,思使成王之多福。
  ○祜音户,福也(ye)。朝,直遥(yao)反。下篇并(bing)同。

[疏]传“昭考,武王。享,献”。
  ○正义曰:见武王而言昭考,故知为武王。“享,献”,《释诂》文。
  ○笺“言我”至“多福”。
  ○正义曰:“言,我(wo)(wo)。皇,君”,皆《释诂(gu)》文。又(you)上谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)见(jian)成(cheng)王(wang),即(ji)云“率(lv)(lv)见(jian)昭考(kao)”,明是率(lv)(lv)此(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)。“以(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)享(xiang)”,是祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也,故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)於祭时,伯又(you)率(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)於武王(wang)庙,使(shi)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祭也。以(yi)《顾命》毕公、召公为二伯率(lv)(lv)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)亦(yi)伯率(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)也。三言“以(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),皆以(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)为此(ci)也。以(yi)致孝(xiao)(xiao)子之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),孝(xiao)(xiao)子即(ji)成(cheng)王(wang)也。之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),谓(wei)(wei)祭事(shi)(shi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)致之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行之(zhi)(zhi)也。以(yi)献祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)祀,亦(yi)是孝(xiao)(xiao)子之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),但所助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)非一(yi),别言之(zhi)(zhi)耳。以(yi)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寿(shou)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu),谓(wei)(wei)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行其礼,使(shi)孝(xiao)(xiao)子得寿(shou)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)。三者(zhe)(zhe)相通,为一(yi)事(shi)(shi)也。长我(wo)(wo)安行此(ci)道(dao),叙诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)意,此(ci)道(dao)即(ji)“以(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)享(xiang),以(yi)介(jie)眉寿(shou)”之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也。长安行之(zhi)(zhi),庶(shu)当神(shen)明之(zhi)(zhi)意。思使(shi)成(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)福(fu),言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)爱(ai)成(cheng)王(wang),即(ji)经之(zhi)(zhi)“思皇”也。

烈文辟公,绥以多福,俾缉熙于纯嘏。笺云:俾,使。纯,大也。祭有十伦之义,成王乃光文百辟与诸侯,安之以多福,使光明於大嘏之意。天子受福曰大嘏,辞有福祚之言。
  ○卑,必尔反,本又作“俾”。缉(ji),七入(ru)反。嘏,古雅反。祚,才故反。

[疏]笺“俾使”至“之言”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):“俾(bi),使(shi)。纯(chun),大”,《释(shi)诂》文。十(shi)(shi)(shi)伦(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义者(zhe)(zhe),《祭(ji)(ji)统》文也(ye)。彼云(yun):“夫祭(ji)(ji)有十(shi)(shi)(shi)伦(lun)焉(yan):见(jian)事鬼神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道焉(yan),见(jian)君臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义焉(yan),见(jian)父子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦(lun)焉(yan),见(jian)贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等焉(yan),见(jian)亲疏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀焉(yan),见(jian)爵赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)焉(yan),见(jian)夫妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别焉(yan),见(jian)政事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均焉(yan),见(jian)长幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序焉(yan)。见(jian)上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际焉(yan)。此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)伦(lun)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),解其言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)俾(bi)意。以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)祀大而(er)难明(ming)(ming),有十(shi)(shi)(shi)种(zhong)伦(lun)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,是(shi)为难晓,故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)使(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)光(guang)(guang)(guang)文百辟(pi)(pi),与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)得(de)礼(li),当於神(shen)(shen)明(ming)(ming),昭考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)乃(nai)安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)多(duo)福(fu)(fu),又使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)於大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。所以(yi)得(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)意者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)受福(fu)(fu),故(gu)曰(yue)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)。嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)辞有福(fu)(fu)祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,思使(shi)成(cheng)王得(de)多(duo)福(fu)(fu),令嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)辞以(yi)福(fu)(fu)予成(cheng)王。是(shi)称(cheng)满诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,则诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)晓解神(shen)(shen)心,故(gu)云(yun)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。俾(bi)缉熙(xi)是(shi)神(shen)(shen),使(shi)辟(pi)(pi)公(gong)(gong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则绥以(yi)多(duo)福(fu)(fu)。是(shi)神(shen)(shen)安辟(pi)(pi)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)多(duo)福(fu)(fu),非谓(wei)(wei)(wei)安孝子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。知天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)受福(fu)(fu)曰(yue)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)运》曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)地,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)祭(ji)(ji)社稷,祝(zhu)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)莫敢易其常古,是(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)。”案《特牲(sheng)》、《少牢》皆祝(zhu)以(yi)福(fu)(fu)庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)告主人谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)知《礼(li)运》大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)受福(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。彼天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)连文,独言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)此(ci)(ci)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)耳,不可(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)不然(ran)。《鲁颂(song)》曰(yue)“天(tian)(tian)锡公(gong)(gong)纯(chun)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)”,是(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)亦为大嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)经虽无毛传,但毛於辟(pi)(pi)公(gong)(gong)皆不言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)百辟(pi)(pi),嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)皆为大,不为嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)辞,则此(ci)(ci)辟(pi)(pi)公(gong)(gong)指谓(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),纯(chun)嘏(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大大也(ye)。

《载见》一章(zhang),十(shi)四句(ju)。

《有客》,微子来见祖庙也。成王既黜殷命,杀武庚,命微子代殷后。既受命,来朝而见也。
  ○有客,二王(wang)之后为客也(ye)。见,贤遍反。序注同。绌,敕律反,又作“黜”。同。

[疏]“《有客》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《有客》诗者,微子来见於祖庙之乐歌也。谓周公摄政二年,杀武庚,命微子代为殷后,乃来朝而见於周之祖庙。诗人因其来见,述其美德而为此歌焉。经之所陈,皆说微子之美,虽因见庙而歌,其意不美在庙,故经无庙事。为周太平之歌,而述微子之美者,言王者所封得人,即为王者之美,故歌之也。言见於祖庙,必是助祭,序不言所祭之名,不指所在之庙,无得而知之也。
  ○笺“成王”至“而见”。
  ○正义曰:自(zi)“命(ming)(ming)微子”以上,皆《书》序文。彼注云(yun)“黜殷(yin)命(ming)(ming),谓杀武庚(geng)也(ye)(ye)。微,采地名。微子启,纣(zhou)同母(mu)庶兄也(ye)(ye)。武王投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)宋,因命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)封为宋公(gong),代(dai)殷(yin)后,承汤(tang)祀”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。彼言作《微子之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)》所由(you)。微子先封於(wu)(wu)宋,但未得为殷(yin)后耳(er)。於(wu)(wu)此时命(ming)(ming)为宋公(gong),故(gu)作此命(ming)(ming)辞。或召来(lai)(lai)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi),或遣使就命(ming)(ming),史(shi)传(chuan)无文,未可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)。要(yao)是(shi)既受(shou)命(ming)(ming)乃来(lai)(lai)朝而(er)见(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)。知非此时召来(lai)(lai)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)见(jian)(jian)祖庙(miao)者,以经(jing)言“亦(yi)白其马”,“敦(dun)琢其旅(lv)”,是(shi)自(zi)国而(er)来(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)辞。若未受(shou)命(ming)(ming),不(bu)得已乘白马,明是(shi)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)而(er)后乃来(lai)(lai),与上《有(you)瞽》、《振鹭》或亦(yi)一(yi)时事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

有客有客,亦白其马。有萋有且,敦琢其旅。殷尚白也。亦,亦周也。萋且,敬慎貌。笺云:有客有客,重言之者,异之也。亦,亦武庚也。武庚为二王后,乘殷之马,乃叛而诛,不肖之甚也。今微子代之,亦乘殷之马,独贤而见尊异,故言亦駮而美之。其来威仪萋萋且且,尽心力於其事。又选择众臣卿大夫之贤者,与之朝王。言“敦琢”者,以贤美之,故玉言之。
  ○萋,七西反(fan)。且(qie),七序反(fan)。敦,都回反(fan),徐又音(yin)彫。琢,陟角(jiao)反(fan)。重,直用反(fan)。肖音(yin)笑。駮,郑邦角(jiao)反(fan),又音(yin)角(jiao),杂也。

[疏]“有客有客”。
  ○毛以为,微子来至京师,为周人所爱,故述而歌之。言我周家,今有承先代之客。此客亦如我周,自乘所尚而白其马,其来则有萋萋然,有且且然。言能敬慎威仪,尽心力於其事也。身既如此,又敦琢其从行之徒旅。言选择从者,如敦琢玉然,是从者皆贤,故为周人所爱。有客已一宿,又一宿。有客经一信,复一信,至已多日,可以去矣。我周人授之絷绊,以绊其马,爱而留之,不欲使去也。至於将去,王始言饯送之,左右之,臣又从而安乐之。谓与之饯燕,厚之无已。又叹美微子得为王者之后,用其正朔,行其礼乐,既有大法则矣。神明降与之福,则又甚易。言有德故易福。
  ○郑唯亦白其马、亦武庚为异。馀同。
  ○传“殷尚”至“慎貌”。
  ○正义曰:解言“亦白其马”意,以殷尚白故也。《檀弓》曰:“殷人戎事,乘翰翰白色马。”虽戎事,乘之亦以所尚,故白言“亦白其马”,则是一代所尚,宜以代相亦,故云“亦,亦周也”。萋萋且且承白马之下,则是微子威仪,故云敬慎貌。
  ○笺“有客”至“言之”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):客止一人(ren),而(er)(er)(er)(er)重言(yan)(yan)(yan)有客有客,是(shi)(shi)丁(ding)宁殊异以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)为(wei)亦(yi)武庚(geng)者(zhe),此(ci)自周(zhou)人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)有客,为(wei)彼(bi)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势,则是(shi)(shi)据周(zhou)为(wei)辞,不宜(yi)反(fan)(fan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)己,故(gu)为(wei)亦(yi)武庚(geng)也(ye)。白马(ma),武庚(geng)所当乘(cheng),乃叛而(er)(er)(er)(er)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不肖(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚。今微(wei)子亦(yi)乘(cheng)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白马(ma),不应乘(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)得乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),独贤(xian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)见尊(zun)异,故(gu)丁(ding)宁美(mei)大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)者(zhe),駮武庚(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶,而(er)(er)(er)(er)反(fan)(fan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)笺申明(ming)(ming)易传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。既言(yan)(yan)(yan)有客,见其(qi)乘(cheng)马(ma),则萋且(qie)为(wei)来(lai)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌,故(gu)云“其(qi)来(lai)也(ye)威(wei)仪(yi)萋萋且(qie)且(qie)”威(wei)仪(yi)多之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,故(gu)复言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。威(wei)仪(yi)出(chu)於(wu)心,而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)力(li)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“尽心力(li)於(wu)其(qi)事”也(ye)。旅是(shi)(shi)从(cong)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)。敦(dun)琢(zhuo),治(zhi)玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)敦(dun)琢(zhuo),故(gu)为(wei)选(xuan)择(ze)。明(ming)(ming)尊(zun)其(qi)所往,故(gu)择(ze)卿大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)者(zhe),与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝王(wang)。从(cong)亦(yi)有士,举卿大(da)夫(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)士同可(ke)知。又(you)解人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)敦(dun)琢(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)此(ci)人(ren)贤(xian),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事言(yan)(yan)(yan)择(ze)人(ren)也(ye)。《释器》云:“玉(yu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雕。”又(you)云:“玉(yu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)琢(zhuo)。”是(shi)(shi)雕琢(zhuo)皆治(zhi)玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。敦(dun)、雕,古今字。

有客宿宿,有客信信。言授之絷,以絷其马。一宿曰宿,再宿曰信。欲絷其马而留之。笺云:絷,绊也。周之君臣皆爱微子,其所馆宿,可以去矣,而言绊其马,意各殷勤。
  ○絷,陟立(li)反。绊音半。

薄言追之,左右绥之。笺云:追,送也。於微子去,王始言饯送之,左右之。臣又欲从而安乐之,厚之无已。
  ○饯音贱。乐音洛。

[疏]传“一宿”至“曰信”。
  ○正义曰:《释训》云:“有客宿宿,再宿也。有客信信,四宿也。”彼因文重而倍之。此传分而各言之,其意同也。
  ○笺“周之”至“殷勤”。
  ○正义曰:言其所馆宿可以去矣,是宿宿、信信之后也。古之朝聘,留停日数不可得而详。《易·丰卦》“初九,遇其配主,虽旬无咎”,注云:“初脩礼上朝,四四以匹敌,恩厚待之,虽留十日不为咎。”正以十日者,朝聘之礼,止於主国以为限。《聘礼》毕归大礼曰“旬而稍”,旬之外为稍,久留非常。如郑此言,似诸侯之朝邻国,其留以十日为限。案《春秋》相朝动经时月,虽复乱世之法,正礼亦应当然。又《聘礼记》曰:“致饔。明日夕,夫人归礼。既致饔则旬而稍。”於大礼之后,每旬而稍,稍供其刍秣,亦非一旬即归。且诸侯朝王,必待助祭,祭前斋,斋犹十日,明非一旬而反。但郑以虽旬之言,故云十日为限,不必从来至去唯十日也。故此唯言可以去矣,亦不知於信信之后几日乃可去也。
  ○笺“追送”至“无已”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:追谓已(yi)发上道,逐而(er)送(song)之(zhi),故以追为送(song)客。以王为主,故知(zhi)於微子(zi)去(qu),王始(shi)(shi)言饯送(song)。亦(yi)以王意不欲其去(qu),故留之(zhi)以久,於是始(shi)(shi)言饯送(song)之(zhi)。明先不言送(song),故称始(shi)(shi)也。左右(you)之(zhi)诸(zhu)臣又从而(er)安乐之(zhi),亦(yi)犹显父饯之(zhi),与之(zhi)欢燕,以安乐其心,是厚之(zhi)无(wu)已(yi)。

既有淫威,降福孔夷。淫,大。威,则。夷,易也。笺云:既有大则,谓用殷正朔行其礼乐如天子也。神与之福,又甚易也。言动作而有度。
  ○易,以(yi)豉反。下同。

[疏]传“淫,大。威,则。夷,易”。
  ○正义曰:“淫(yin),大(da)。夷,易(yi)”,《释(shi)诂(gu)》文。“威,则”,《释(shi)言》文。

《有客》一(yi)章,十二句。

《武》,奏《大武》也。《大武》,周公作乐所为舞也。
  ○大(da)如字,徐音泰(tai)。注同。

[疏]“《武》七句”。
  ○正义曰:《武》诗者,奏《大武》之乐歌也。谓周公摄政六年之时,象武王伐纣之事,作《大武》之乐既成,而於庙奏之。诗人睹其奏而思武功,故述其事而作此歌焉。经之所陈,皆武王生时之功也。直言其奏,不言其所奏之庙。作者虽因奏作歌,其意不在於庙,故不言庙。此与《有瞽》及《酌》或是一时之事,但作者之意,各有主耳。
  ○笺“大武”至“为舞”。
  ○正义曰:以王者(zhe)功(gong)(gong)成作(zuo)乐(le)(le),必待太平。《明堂位》云:“周公(gong)(gong)摄(she)政六年,制(zhi)礼作(zuo)乐(le)(le)。”故知《大武》是周公(gong)(gong)作(zuo)乐(le)(le)所为舞也(ye)。谓之《武》者(zhe),《礼器》云:“乐(le)(le)也(ye)者(zhe),乐(le)(le)其(qi)所自成。”注云:“作(zuo)乐(le)(le)者(zhe),缘民所乐(le)(le)於己(ji)之功(gong)(gong)。”然则以武王用(yong)武除暴(bao),为天下所乐(le)(le),故谓其(qi)乐(le)(le)为《武》乐(le)(le)。《武》乐(le)(le)为一代(dai)大事,故历(li)代(dai)皆称(cheng)大也(ye)。

於皇武王,无竞维烈。允文文王,克开厥后。烈,业也。笺云:皇,君也。於乎君哉,武王也,无强乎其克商之功业,言其强也。信有文德哉,武王也,能开其子孙之基绪。
  ○於音乌。注同。

[疏]“於皇武王”。
  ○毛以为,於乎可美而君哉者,武王也。此武王可谓无强乎,维其克商之功业。言克商之功业,实最为强也。所以能致此业,而得为强者,由於信有文德者之文王,以圣德受命,能开其后世子孙之基绪,故武王继嗣其迹而受之,谓复受天命以伐纣,胜此殷家,止於杀人之害,以致安定。汝武王之大功,其盛业如此,故象而制乐,是以美而歌之。
  ○郑下三句为异。言嗣子武王受其业而行之,举兵伐纣,胜殷而止其杀人,至年老乃定汝之大功。言不汲汲诛纣,是其功业之盛,故作乐象之。
  ○传“烈,业”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“皇君”至“基绪”。
  ○正义曰:“皇(huang)(huang),君”,《释(shi)诂》文(wen)。《臣工》“於皇(huang)(huang)”,笺以为美,此为君者,以其述(shu)伐纣(zhou)之(zhi)事,是(shi)为君之(zhi)道(dao)故也(ye)。文(wen)王能(neng)开子(zi)孙之(zhi)基绪,谓受命作周,七年五(wu)伐皆是(shi)也(ye)。

嗣武受之,胜殷遏刘,耆定尔功。武,迹。刘,杀。耆,致也。笺云:遏,止。耆,老也。嗣子武王,受文王之业,举兵伐殷而胜之,以止天下之暴虐而杀人者,年老乃定女之此功。言不汲汲於诛纣,须暇五年。
  ○遏,於(wu)葛(ge)反。耆,毛(mao)音(yin)指,致也(ye)。郑(zheng)巨移反,《韩诗》音(yin)同,郑(zheng)云:“恶也(ye)。”汲音(yin)急。

[疏]传“武迹”至“耆致”。
  ○正义曰:“武,迹”,《释训》文。“刘,杀”,《释诂》文。宣十二年《左传》引此云“耆定尔功”,“耆昧也”。其意言致纣於昧,故以耆为致。王肃云:“致定其大功,谓诛纣定天下。”
  ○笺“遏止”至“五年”。
  ○正义曰:“遏,止(zhi)”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。《曲礼》“六十(shi)曰耆”,耆为(wei)(wei)(wei)老也。既(ji)言(yan)文(wen)王(wang)开后(hou),即云嗣(si)武(wu)(wu)受之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)文(wen)相承,故(gu)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)嗣(si)子(zi)(zi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)受文(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)业也。其(qi)胜殷,已是(shi)(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),而(er)(er)别(bie)言(yan)“遏刘”者(zhe),则所遏非(fei)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)也,故(gu)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)止(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)暴虐而(er)(er)杀(sha)(sha)人者(zhe)。言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),为(wei)(wei)(wei)众多之(zhi)(zhi)辞,谓(wei)(wei)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)时(shi)诸官亦(yi)化纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)暴虐而(er)(er)杀(sha)(sha)害善(shan)人,纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)身(shen)既(ji)巳被诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),此等亦(yi)皆贬(bian)黜(chu),故(gu)得止(zhi)杀(sha)(sha)人者(zhe)。《论(lun)(lun)语》云,“如(ru)有(you)王(wang)者(zhe),必(bi)世而(er)(er)后(hou)仁”,谓(wei)(wei)积世始得去杀(sha)(sha)。此武(wu)(wu)王(wang)才始伐纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),即得止(zhi)杀(sha)(sha)人者(zhe),《论(lun)(lun)语》所云:“谓(wei)(wei)令天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)尽仁,不(bu)(bu)复(fu)刑(xing)杀(sha)(sha)。”此谓(wei)(wei)遏止(zhi)其(qi)时(shi)枉杀(sha)(sha)人者(zhe),非(fei)止(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)刑(xing)也。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)老乃安定汝之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)者(zhe),言(yan)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)意,不(bu)(bu)汲汲於(wu)早诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)也。纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)恶久矣(yi),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)嗣(si)位,即应诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),犹尚冀纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)变改(gai),须(xu)(xu)待(dai)宽(kuan)暇(xia)(xia),积年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。文(wen)王(wang)受仑七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)崩(beng),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)以八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)即位,至十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乃诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)也。《多方》云:“维尔商后(hou)王(wang),逸(yi)厥逸(yi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)惟(wei)降时(shi)丧(sang)。惟(wei)圣罔念(nian)(nian)作狂,惟(wei)狂克念(nian)(nian)作圣。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)惟(wei)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)。”注(zhu)云:天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)待(dai)暇(xia)(xia)其(qi)终,至五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),欲(yu)使(shi)传子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)者(zhe),文(wen)王(wang)受命八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)事也。如(ru)《尚书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。此笺意以为(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)者(zhe),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)知天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)未丧(sang),故(gu)亦(yi)顺天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)伐。据人事而(er)(er)言(yan),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)也。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生此纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),故(gu)以灭(mie)殷。下(xia)愚不(bu)(bu)移,非(fei)可(ke)待(dai)变。而(er)(er)云“克念(nian)(nian)作圣,须(xu)(xu)暇(xia)(xia)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)”者(zhe),设教劝诱之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)耳(er)。易传者(zhe),以其(qi)美(mei)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)能老乃定功(gong),不(bu)(bu)汲汲於(wu)诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)纣(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),以为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)得已而(er)(er)取天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),是(shi)(shi)(shi)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)深(shen),故(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)。

《武》一章,七句。

《臣工之什》十篇(pian),十章(zhang),一百六句。  

◎闵予小子之什诂训(xun)传第二十八

《闵予小子》,嗣王朝于庙也。嗣王者,谓成王也。除武王之丧,将始即政,朝於庙也。
  ○朝(chao),直遥反(fan)。注同。

[疏]“《闵予小子》十一句”。
  ○正义曰:《闵予小子》诗者,嗣王朝於庙之乐歌也。谓成王嗣父为王,朝於宗庙,自言当嗣之意。诗人述其事而作此诗歌焉。此朝庙早晚,毛无其说。毛无避居之事,此朝庙事武王崩之明年,周公即已摄政,成王未得朝庙,且又无政可谋,此欲夙夜敬慎,继续先绪,必非居摄之年也。王肃以此篇为周公致政,成王嗣位,始朝於庙之乐歌。毛意或当然也。此及《小毖》四篇,俱言嗣王,文势相类,则毛意俱为摄政之后,成王嗣位之初,有此事,诗人当即歌之也。郑以为,成王除武王之丧,将始即政,则是成王十三,周公未居摄。於是之时,成王朝庙,自言敬慎,思继先绪。《访落》与群臣共谋敬之,则群臣进戒,文相应和,事在一时,则俱是未摄之前。后至太平之时,诗人追述其事,为此歌也。《小毖》言惩创往时,则是归政之后,元年之事。以其居摄之日,抗礼世子。今始即政,周之新王,故亦与此为类,称嗣王也。经云“於乎皇考”,下篇群臣进谋,云“率时昭考”,皆以武王为言。计岁首合诸群庙皆朝,此特谋政,故在武王庙也。此篇王所自言,亦是谋政之事。但谋者与人之辞,故下篇言谋。此则独述王言,故称为朝。且此三篇,一时之事,以一人之作,皆因朝庙而有此事,故首篇言朝以冠之。
  ○笺“嗣王”至“朝於庙”。
  ○正义曰(yue):以(yi)(yi)颂(song)皆成王(wang)(wang)(wang)时事,故(gu)(gu)知嗣王(wang)(wang)(wang)谓(wei)成王(wang)(wang)(wang)。《曲(qu)礼》云:“内事曰(yue)孝王(wang)(wang)(wang)某,外事曰(yue)嗣王(wang)(wang)(wang)某。”彼谓(wei)祝之(zhi)所(suo)言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)告(gao)神(shen),因其(qi)内外而(er)异称(cheng)。此非(fei)告(gao)神(shen)之(zhi)辞(ci),直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)嗣续先王(wang)(wang)(wang)称(cheng)嗣王(wang)(wang)(wang)耳。古者(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)崩,百(bai)官听於(wu)冢宰,世子(zi)以(yi)(yi)三年(nian)之(zhi)内不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)事。此嗣王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao),自谋为政(zheng),则(ze)(ze)是即(ji)(ji)政(zheng)之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)知除武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)丧(sang)(sang),将始即(ji)(ji)政(zheng),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)於(wu)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)。《曲(qu)礼》称(cheng)“天(tian)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)丧(sang)(sang)曰(yue)予(yu)小子(zi)”,若(ruo)已除丧(sang)(sang),当为吉(ji)称(cheng)。而(er)经言(yan)(yan)小子(zi)在(zai)(zai)疚,为丧(sang)(sang)中辞(ci)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)服虽(sui)除,去丧(sang)(sang)日近,又序其(qi)在(zai)(zai)丧(sang)(sang)之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)仍同丧(sang)(sang)称(cheng)。言(yan)(yan)将始即(ji)(ji)政(zheng)者(zhe),始欲即(ji)(ji)政(zheng),先朝(chao)(chao)(chao)於(wu)庙(miao)。既朝(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)即(ji)(ji)听政(zheng),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)将也(ye)(ye)。《烈文(wen)》笺云:“新王(wang)(wang)(wang)即(ji)(ji)政(zheng),必以(yi)(yi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)享之(zhi)礼祭(ji)祖考(kao),告(gao)嗣位。”然则(ze)(ze)除丧(sang)(sang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao),亦用朝(chao)(chao)(chao)享之(zhi)礼祭(ji)於(wu)庙(miao)矣。序不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)祭(ji)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)作者(zhe)主述王(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan),其(qi)意不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)於(wu)祭(ji),故(gu)(gu)略而(er)言(yan)(yan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),则(ze)(ze)祭(ji)可知。

闵予小子,遭家不造,嬛嬛在疚。闵,病。造,为。疚,病也。笺云:闵,悼伤之言也。造,犹成也。可悼伤乎,我小子耳。遭武王崩,家道未成,嬛嬛然孤特在忧病之中。
  ○嬛,其倾反,崔本作(zuo)“茕”。疚,本又作(zuo)“{宀久}”,音(yin)救。

[疏]“闵予小子”。
  ○毛以为,成王将莅政而朝於庙,乃追悼於己过,欲自强於未然,故感伤而言曰:困病乎我小子也,往日遭此家道之不为。言先王既崩,家事无人为之,使己孤特,嬛嬛然在於忧病之中。赖周公代为家事,得致太平。今将自为政,故追述其父。於乎可叹美者,我之君考,谓武王也。此武王之道,长可后世法之,能为孝行。常能念此君祖文王,上事天,下治民,以正直之道而行止。子行父业,是能孝也。皇考以念皇祖,而能同其德行。维我之小子,当早起夜卧,敬慎而行此祖考之道止,言将不敢懈倦也。於乎可叹美者,我文武之君,以有此道德,故我当继其绪业,思其所行,不敢遗忘也。由不敢忘,故夙夜行之。
  ○郑以为,周公未摄之前,成王因朝庙而感伤,言曰:可悼伤乎,我小子耳,今遭此家道之不成。唯此为异。馀同。
  ○传“闵病”至“疚病”。
  ○正义曰:“闵,病。疚,病”,皆《释诂》文。“造,为”,《释言》文。言毛意若在归政之后,则武王崩已多载。今言小子在疚,遭家不为,追述武王初崩之时也。言遭家不为,谓家事无人为之,赖周公为之。已得太平,将欲躬行,故上念父祖,追述此事,为下言发端。故王肃云:“病乎我小子,乃遭家之不为。言先王崩,则家事莫为,徒嬛嬛在忧而病,故周公代为家事,以致太平。”传意或然。
  ○笺“闵悼”至“之中”。
  ○正义曰:闵(min)(min)者,哀闵(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)辞,故(gu)为悼伤(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。有所造(zao)为,终必成(cheng)(cheng)就,故(gu)造(zao)犹(you)成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。人之(zhi)(zhi)所行,死则(ze)(ze)事废,后主(zhu)当更造(zao)立,故(gu)云“家道未成(cheng)(cheng)”。父在则(ze)(ze)有所依恃,无之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)己身(shen)孤特,故(gu)云“嬛嬛孤特在忧(you)病之(zhi)(zhi)中”。易(yi)传(chuan)者,以闵(min)(min)疚并训为病,於文太重。孙毓云:“传(chuan)以闵(min)(min)为病,以造(zao)训为,虽(sui)义不(bu)异,於辞不(bu)便。笺说为长。”

於乎皇考,永世克孝!念兹皇祖,陟降庭止。庭,直也。笺云:兹,此也。陟降,上下也。於乎我君考武王,长世能孝,谓能以孝行为子孙法度,使长见行也。念此君祖文王,上以直道事天,下以直道治民,言无私枉。
  ○上,时(shi)掌反,又如字。孝行,下孟(meng)反。

[疏]传“庭,直”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。
  ○笺“兹此”至“私枉”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):“兹(zi),此”,《释(shi)诂(gu)》文(wen)。又(you)云(yun):“陟(zhi),升(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。”《释(shi)言》云(yun):“降(jiang),下也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)以(yi)(yi)陟(zhi)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上下也(ye)(ye)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)身(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)孝子耳,而云(yun)长世(shi),是其(qi)孝之(zhi)法可后世(shi)长行,故(gu)知谓以(yi)(yi)孝行为(wei)(wei)(wei)子孙(sun)法度(du),使长见行之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)身(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)矣,无(wu)人得在其(qi)上,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)道事天。为(wei)(wei)(wei)君所以(yi)(yi)牧(mu)民,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)下以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)道治民。即(ji)(ji)与《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)》所云(yun)“文(wen)王(wang)(wang)陟(zhi)降(jiang)”一(yi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)“庭止”与“陟(zhi)降(jiang)”共文(wen),则二者(zhe)皆用直(zhi)道,故(gu)分而属(shu)之(zhi)。直(zhi)者(zhe)即(ji)(ji)不私(si)(si)(si)枉(wang)(wang)之(zhi)谓,故(gu)云(yun)“言无(wu)私(si)(si)(si)枉(wang)(wang)”。《论语(yu)》云(yun):“举直(zhi)措诸(zhu)枉(wang)(wang)。”是枉(wang)(wang)者(zhe)不直(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《礼记》曰(yue):“奉三无(wu)私(si)(si)(si)。”是直(zhi)者(zhe)无(wu)私(si)(si)(si)。

维予小子,夙夜敬止。於乎皇王,继序思不忘!序,绪也。笺云:夙,早。敬,慎也。我小子早夜慎行祖考之道,言不敢懈倦也。於乎君王,叹文王、武王也。我继其绪,思其所行不忘也。
  ○解音懈。

[疏]传“序,诸”。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》文。以王世相继,如丝之端绪,故转为绪。
  ○笺“敬慎”至“不忘”。
  ○正义曰:敬者(zhe)必慎(shen),故言“敬,慎(shen)也(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)有皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)、皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu),故云“慎(shen)行祖(zu)考(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”。上(shang)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,言皇(huang)(huang)考(kao)(kao)自念(nian)(nian)皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu),非成王(wang)(wang)念(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)言“继绪思不忘”,宜为继武王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绪,思不忘武王(wang)(wang)耳(er)。而以(yi)(yi)为兼念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)成王(wang)(wang)美武王(wang)(wang)能念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang)(wang),明成王(wang)(wang)亦(yi)当念(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)文(wen)处末,可以(yi)(yi)总前祖(zu)考(kao)(kao),故知兼念(nian)(nian)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)。

《闵(min)予小子》一(yi)章,十一(yi)句。

《访落》,嗣王谋(mou)於庙(miao)也(ye)。谋(mou)者,谋(mou)政事也(ye)。

[疏]“《访落》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《访落》诗者,嗣(si)王(wang)谋於庙(miao)之乐歌(ge)(ge)也(ye)。谓(wei)成王(wang)既朝庙(miao),而与(yu)群臣(chen)谋事(shi)。诗人(ren)述之而为此歌(ge)(ge)焉(yan)。

访予落止,率时昭考。於乎悠哉,朕未有艾。将予就之,继犹判涣。访,谋。落,始。时,是。率,循。悠,远。犹,道。判,分。涣,散也。笺云:昭,明。艾,数。犹,图也。成王始即政,自以承圣父之业,惧不能遵其道德,故於庙中与群臣谋我始即政之事。群臣曰:当循是明德之考所施行。故答之以谦曰:於乎远哉,我於是未有数。言远不可及也。女扶将我,就其典法而行之,继续其业,图我所失,分散者收敛之。
  ○艾,五盖反(fan),徐(xu)音刈。判,普半反(fan)。涣音奂。

[疏]“访予落止”。
  ○毛以为,成王始即王政,恐不能继圣父之业,故於庙中与群臣谋事。汝等当谋我始即政之事止。群臣对王曰:当循是明德之考。令效武王所施而为之。王又谦而答之曰:於乎可嗟叹也,此昭考之道悠然至远哉!我去之悬绝,未有等数。言其远不可及,不能循之。汝若将我就之,使我继此先人之业,则先人之道乃分散而去矣。言己之才不足以继之也。维我小子,才智浅短,未任统理国家众难成之事,所以不能循是昭考也。又述昭考之德,言武王能继其父文王,以直道施於上下,又能上下其家之职事。谓治理群臣,使有次序也。美矣,我之君考武王,能以此文王之道,自安尊其身,是昭考德同文王,己不能及,欲令群臣助谋之也。
  ○郑唯“继犹判涣”,谓继续其业,图我所失,分散者而收敛之。未堪家多难,谓年幼未堪。以此为异。馀同。
  ○传“访谋”至“涣散”。
  ○正义曰:“访,谋。落,始。率,循。时,是。悠,远。犹,道”,皆《释诂》文。《春秋》庄三年,“纪季以酅入于齐”。《左传》曰:“纪於是乎始判。”是判为分之义也。涣然是散之意,故为散也。王肃云:“将予就继先人之道业,乃分散而去,言已才不能继。”传意或然。
  ○笺“昭明”至“收敛之”。
  ○正义曰:《释(shi)诂》云:“昭(zhao),光也(ye)。”光即明义,故为(wei)明也(ye)。《释(shi)诂》云:“艾(ai)(ai),历也(ye)。历,数也(ye)。”转以相训,故艾(ai)(ai)为(wei)数。“犹,图(tu)”,《释(shi)言(yan)》文。此篇(pian)所述,皆是王(wang)(wang)言(yan)。独知“率(lv)(lv)时(shi)昭(zhao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)”一句为(wei)群臣(chen)言(yan)者,以王(wang)(wang)方谋(mou)於(wu)臣(chen),不(bu)得自言(yan)率(lv)(lv)考(kao)(kao)(kao)。且(qie)“於(wu)乎悠(you)哉,朕未有艾(ai)(ai)”,是报答“率(lv)(lv)时(shi)昭(zhao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)”之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。序云“谋(mou)於(wu)庙(miao)”,明此句是臣(chen)为(wei)君谋(mou)也(ye)。率(lv)(lv)时(shi)昭(zhao)考(kao)(kao)(kao),犹曰仪刑文王(wang)(wang),欲令法(fa)效(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。就其典法(fa)而行之(zhi)(zhi),谓就昭(zhao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)。图(tu)我所失,分(fen)散(san)(san)者,谓己不(bu)能(neng)行,分(fen)张散(san)(san)失者,欲令群臣(chen)图(tu)谋(mou)而收敛聚之(zhi)(zhi),以助己也(ye)。易(yi)传(chuan)者,以谋(mou)於(wu)群臣(chen),当是求臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)助,不(bu)宜过(guo)自谦退,言(yan)己不(bu)堪继续,故易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。

维予小子,未堪家多难。笺云:多,众也。我小子耳,未任统理国家众难成之事,心有任贤待年长大之志。难成之事,谓诸政有业未平者。
  ○难如字,协韵(yun)乃旦(dan)反。任(ren)音壬。下二篇注皆同。长,张丈反。

[疏]笺“多众”至“未平者”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰:“多,众”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)。此“未(wei)堪(kan)家多难”,文(wen)与《小(xiao)毖》正(zheng)(zheng)同(tong)。但(dan)郑以(yi)此篇(pian)在(zai)居摄之(zhi)前,《小(xiao)毖》在(zai)致政之(zhi)后(hou)。下(xia)笺(jian)云:“谓使周公居摄时(shi)。”与此异者(zhe),各(ge)准时(shi)事而(er)为说(shuo),故(gu)不同(tong)也。又重解难成之(zhi)事,谓诸政教已(yi)有,基业未(wei)得(de)平。平亦成也。谓若制礼(li)作乐、营洛之(zhi)等,於时(shi)未(wei)成也。此经虽无(wu)传,但(dan)毛以(yi)此篇(pian)为致政之(zhi)后(hou),不得(de)言(yan)年幼而(er)未(wei)堪(kan)也。当自谓才智浅短而(er)未(wei)堪(kan)耳。言(yan)未(wei)者(zhe),言(yan)己得(de)臣之(zhi)助则堪(kan)之(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)无(wu)助为未(wei)堪(kan)也。

绍庭上下,陟降厥家。休矣皇考,以保明其身。笺云:绍,继也。厥家,谓群臣也。继文王陟降庭止之道,上下群臣之职以次序者,美矣,我君考武王,能以此道尊安其身。谓定天下,居天子之位。
  ○休,许虬反(fan)。

[疏]笺“绍继”至“之位”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:“绍,继”,《释诂》文。以大夫(fu)称家(jia),其(qi)(qi)家(jia)谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)群臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia),故(gu)知谓(wei)群臣(chen)也(ye)。上(shang)(shang)言(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)考,此(ci)言(yan)(yan)皇考,皆斥武(wu)(wu)王也(ye)。武(wu)(wu)王所继者,文王耳(er),故(gu)知继文王陟降(jiang)庭(ting)止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。上(shang)(shang)篇“陟降(jiang)庭(ting)止”与(yu)此(ci)文相协,故(gu)全引而(er)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)(shang)云“念兹皇祖(zu)”,此(ci)言(yan)(yan)“绍庭(ting)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)”,文义(yi)(yi)正同,弥似一人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作。上(shang)(shang)下(xia)群臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职以次序者,谓(wei)以德(de)诏(zhao)爵,以功诏(zhao)禄,随才任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不失次序也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)尊(zun)(zun)安其(qi)(qi)身(shen),则以“保”为“安”,“明(ming)”为“尊(zun)(zun)”。《礼运》云:“君(jun)者所明(ming)。”注云:“明(ming)犹(you)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)。”以此(ci)道(dao)(dao)尊(zun)(zun)安其(qi)(qi)身(shen),谓(wei)用此(ci)文王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),以定天下(xia),居天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位,是安而(er)且尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)此(ci)者,以武(wu)(wu)王美道(dao)(dao)如是,己欲谋而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)以此(ci)事告群臣(chen)令(ling),为己谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

《访落》一章,十二(er)句。

《敬之》,群臣进戒嗣王也。
  ○“敬之”,一本(ben)无“之”字。

[疏]“《敬之》十二句”。
  ○正义曰:《敬之》诗者(zhe),群臣(chen)进戒(jie)嗣王之乐歌(ge)也。谓成王朝庙(miao),与群臣(chen)谋(mou)事(shi)(shi),群臣(chen)因在(zai)庙(miao)而进戒(jie)嗣王。诗人述其(qi)事(shi)(shi),而作(zuo)此(ci)歌(ge)焉。

敬之敬之,天维显思,命不易哉!无曰高高在上,陟降厥士,日监在兹。显,见。士,事也。笺云:显,光。监,视也。群臣见王谋即政之事,故因时戒之曰:敬之哉,敬之哉,天乃光明,去恶与善,其命吉凶,不变易也。无谓天高又高在上,远人,而不畏也。天上下其事,谓转运日月,施其所行,日日瞻视,近在此也。
  ○易,郑音亦(yi),王以豉反。见,贤遍(bian)反。远,于万(wan)反。上,时(shi)掌反。

[疏]“敬之敬之”。
  ○毛以为,成王既谋於庙,群臣进而戒之曰:王当敬其事而行之。敬其事而行之,天之临下,乃光明显见,去恶与善,其命吉凶,不变易哉。王无得称曰:此天乃高而又高在上,以为不见人之善恶而不畏。天乃升降以行其事,谓转运日月,照临四方,日日视人,其神近在於此,不为远也。王既承其戒,答之以谦曰:维我小子,不聪达於此敬之之意。言己心不能达,将欲以渐学之,令日有所成就,月有所可行。且欲学作有光明之事,於彼光明之人,谓贤中之贤,乃从之学。又大是相克胜之道。汝等群臣,当示导我以显明之德行。是王求戒之言也。
  ○郑唯“佛时仔肩”一句别,义具在笺。
  ○传“显,见。士,事”。
  ○正义曰:“显,见”,《释诂》文。士,察也。狱官谓之士者,言其能察理众事,是士为事之义也。
  ○笺“显光”至“在此”。
  ○正义曰:“显,光。监,视(shi)”,《释诂(gu)》文。以(yi)(yi)此承上(shang)(shang)篇(pian),事(shi)(shi)(shi)相首尾,故言(yan)群(qun)臣(chen)见(jian)王谋即(ji)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故因时戒之(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)乃(nai)光明,去恶(e)与(yu)善,谓天(tian)道去恶(e)人(ren),与(yu)善人(ren),其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)光明,不(bu)(bu)暗昧也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)吉(ji)凶(xiong)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)变(bian)易,谓善则(ze)(ze)予之(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji),恶(e)则(ze)(ze)加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong),此事(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)定,终不(bu)(bu)变(bian)易,言(yan)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)畏也(ye)。天(tian)高(gao)(gao)又高(gao)(gao)在上(shang)(shang),言(yan)远人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)意。勿(wu)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)为(wei)极高(gao)(gao),谓其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)善恶(e),而不(bu)(bu)畏之(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)下其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),谓以(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)月行(xing)於昼夜,自上(shang)(shang)至下照知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故云转(zhuan)运日(ri)(ri)月,施其(qi)(qi)所行(xing),日(ri)(ri)日(ri)(ri)瞻视(shi),其(qi)(qi)神(shen)近(jin)在於此,故须敬也(ye)。天(tian)神(shen)察物,不(bu)(bu)必以(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)月而知(zhi),以(yi)(yi)人(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)所见(jian),举验者(zhe)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。定本注(zhu)云:“无谓天(tian)高(gao)(gao)又高(gao)(gao)在上(shang)(shang)。”

维予小子,不聪敬止。日就月将,学有缉熙于光明。佛时仔肩,示我显德行。小子,嗣王也。将,行也。光,广也。佛,大也。仔肩,克也。笺云:缉熙,光明也。佛,辅也。时,是也。仔肩,任也。群臣戒成王以“敬之敬之”,故承之以谦云:我小子耳,不聪达於敬之之意。日就月行,言当习之以积渐也。且欲学於有光明之光明者,谓贤中之贤也。辅佛是任,示道我以显明之德行。是时自知未能成文、武之功,周公始有居摄之志。
  ○佛,毛(mao)符弗反(fan),郑(zheng)音弼。仔音兹,毛(mao)云:“仔肩(jian),克也(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)二字共训(xun)(xun)。郑(zheng)亦同(tong)训(xun)(xun)此(ci)(ci)二字,云:“仔肩(jian),任也(ye)。”肩(jian),古贤反(fan)。德行,下(xia)孟(meng)反(fan)。注(zhu)同(tong)。浸,子(zi)鸩(zhen)反(fan)。道音导。

[疏]传“小子”至“肩克”。
  ○正义曰:上二篇亦有小子,於是始解者,举下以明上。《释言》云:“将,送也。”孙炎曰:“将行之送。”是将亦行之义,故为行也。以光之照耀,所及广远,故以光为广。佛之为大,其义未闻。《释诂》云:“肩,克也。”直以肩为克耳。传言“仔肩,克也”,则二字共训为克,犹“权舆”之为“始”。笺亦云:“仔肩,任也。”虽所训不同,亦二字共义。
  ○笺“缉熙”至“之志”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《释(shi)诂(gu)》云:“缉熙,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。郑读(du)佛为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辅(fu)(fu)(fu)弼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弼(bi)。“时(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)”,《释(shi)诂(gu)》文。《释(shi)诂(gu)》云:“肩,胜(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”即(ji)堪(kan)任(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)任(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),止谓(wei)恭敬其(qi)事(shi)而(er)已。言(yan)(yan)不(bu)聪(cong)达(da)者(zhe),敬虽(sui)由(you)己(ji)(ji),随(sui)事(shi)而(er)生,事(shi)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),无所(suo)(suo)(suo)施敬。言(yan)(yan)不(bu)聪(cong)达(da),其(qi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)就(jiu),谓(wei)学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使每(mei)日(ri)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)就(jiu)。月(yue)将,谓(wei)至(zhi)於(wu)一月(yue),则有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)行,言(yan)(yan)当习之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以积(ji)渐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本(ben)、《集注(zhu)》“渐”作“浸”。王身(shen)当理政(zheng)事(shi),而(er)言(yan)(yan)学(xue)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming),是(shi)(shi)(shi)王意以己(ji)(ji)不(bu)达(da)於(wu)政(zheng),未(wei)能即(ji)任(ren)(ren)其(qi)事(shi),且欲(yu)学(xue)作有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)彼(bi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),谓(wei)选择贤(xian)(xian)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)(xian),乃从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)。以贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)必有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德,故(gu)(gu)以光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)表贤(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。身(shen)方学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)堪(kan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng),故(gu)(gu)辅(fu)(fu)(fu)弼(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)任(ren)(ren),示导(dao)我以显明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德行,欲(yu)使辅(fu)(fu)(fu)弼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)示语(yu)己(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王既谦虚如是(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)能成(cheng)文、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),始(shi)有(you)(you)(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)摄(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),以周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)若(ruo)已居(ju)(ju)(ju)摄(she),则王不(bu)得朝(chao)庙(miao)谋政(zheng),明(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)此时(shi)未(wei)摄(she)政(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摄(she),必当有(you)(you)(you)因。王自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)堪(kan),思任(ren)(ren)辅(fu)(fu)(fu)弼(bi),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,宜因此兴,故(gu)(gu)於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)乃有(you)(you)(you)摄(she)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,成(cheng)王本(ben)欲(yu)任(ren)(ren)贤(xian)(xian),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以摄(she)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以管(guan)、蔡流(liu)言(yan)(yan),复为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)疑惑者(zhe),成(cheng)王本(ben)欲(yu)身(shen)自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,委任(ren)(ren)贤(xian)(xian)臣(chen),及周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)居(ju)(ju)(ju)摄(she),乃代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。人(ren)臣(chen)而(er)代天子(zi),旷世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)罕闻(wen)。成(cheng)王既幼,复为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)、蔡所(suo)(suo)(suo)惑,故(gu)(gu)致疑也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)辅(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必摄(she)其(qi)政(zheng)者(zhe),若(ruo)使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)奉上,每(mei)事(shi)禀承,虽(sui)可(ke)以尽心(xin),而(er)不(bu)得行意,欲(yu)制(zhi)礼(li)作乐(le),非(fei)摄(she)不(bu)可(ke),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)得已而(er)居(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《中(zhong)庸(yong)》曰(yue):“非(fei)天子(zi)不(bu)议(yi)礼(li),不(bu)制(zhi)度,不(bu)考文。”又(you)曰(yue):“虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)德,苟无其(qi)位,不(bu)敢作礼(li)乐(le)焉。”周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摄(she)王政(zheng),其(qi)意在(zai)於(wu)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《敬之(zhi)》一章,十二句。

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