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仪礼注疏卷三十 丧服第十一在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:不详 请你点此纠错或发表评论

卷三十 丧服第十一

  疏(shu)衰裳齐、牡麻绖、冠(guan)布(bu)缨、削杖(zhang)、布(bu)带、疏(shu)屦三(san)年者。疏(shu)犹粗(cu)也。

[疏]“疏衰”至“年者”。
  ○注“疏犹粗也”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)章》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻(qing)(qing)於(wu)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后。疏(shu)犹粗(cu)(cu)也(ye),粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)上《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章》中为(wei)君(jun)三(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)半粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),郑注《杂记》云微细(xi)焉(yan),则(ze)属於(wu)粗(cu)(cu),则(ze)三(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)服斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)名,三(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)半成布(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)微细(xi)则(ze)得(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)称。粗(cu)(cu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)为(wei)在三(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)内(nei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)为(wei)正(zheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)没(mei)义服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)。至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),始见(jian)(jian)(jian)粗(cu)(cu)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,为(wei)父哀极,直(zhi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)深痛(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)没(mei)人功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)。至(zhi)於(wu)义服斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,乃(nai)(nai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)粗(cu)(cu)称,至(zhi)於(wu)大功、小(xiao)功,更见(jian)(jian)(jian)人功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)显,緦麻(ma)极轻(qing)(qing),又表(biao)细(xi)密(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,皆为(wei)哀有(you)深浅,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同也(ye)。斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)先言(yan)(yan)(yan)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一则(ze)见(jian)(jian)(jian)先斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)布(bu)(bu)(bu),乃(nai)(nai)作(zuo)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)裳;二则(ze)见(jian)(jian)(jian)为(wei)父极哀,先表(biao)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深重(zhong)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)稍(shao)轻(qing)(qing),直(zhi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)造衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)裳既(ji)就,乃(nai)(nai)始缉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在上,齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),齐(qi)(qi)在下(xia)。“牡麻(ma)绖(die)(die)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)绖(die)(die)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)麻(ma),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)绖(die)(die)见(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)有(you)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亦(yi)苴(ju),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)麻(ma)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)绖(die)(die)文孤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兼杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)麻(ma)也(ye)。云“冠布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying)(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)冠绳缨(ying)(ying),退(tui)在绞(jiao)带下(xia),使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)蒙苴(ju)齐(qi)(qi),冠布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying)(ying),无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)与(yu)绖(die)(die)同处。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)缨(ying)(ying)亦(yi)如上绳缨(ying)(ying),以(yi)(yi)(yi)一条(tiao)为(wei)武,垂下(xia)为(wei)缨(ying)(ying)也(ye)。云“削杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)带”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取蒙苴(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在常(chang)处。但杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)实是桐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)桐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)竹(zhu),使(shi)蒙苴(ju)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)阙竹(zhu)字(zi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取蒙苴(ju),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)桐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)母比父削杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)没(mei)桐文也(ye)。布(bu)(bu)(bu)带者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)象革带,以(yi)(yi)(yi)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)布(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)即下(xia)章带缘各视其(qi)冠是也(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)布(bu)(bu)(bu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)缨(ying)(ying)带言(yan)(yan)(yan)布(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)对斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)缨(ying)(ying)带用绳,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)须言(yan)(yan)(yan)用布(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。“疏(shu)屦(ju)(ju)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),疏(shu)取用草(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,即《尔(er)雅(ya)》云“疏(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)。若(ruo)然,注云疏(shu)犹粗(cu)(cu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)释经疏(shu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)而已,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)释疏(shu)屦(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)。若(ruo)然,《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章》言(yan)(yan)(yan)“菅屦(ju)(ju)”,见(jian)(jian)(jian)草(cao)体(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)重(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)草(cao)体(ti),举(ju)其(qi)恶貌。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)疏(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)稍(shao)轻(qing)(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)举(ju)草(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总称。自此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),各举(ju)差降之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)章》言(yan)(yan)(yan)“麻(ma)屦(ju)(ju)”,《齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)(san)月》与(yu)《大功》同“绳屦(ju)(ju)”,《小(xiao)功》緦麻(ma)轻(qing)(qing),又没(mei)其(qi)屦(ju)(ju)号。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)为(wei)母稍(shao)轻(qing)(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)表(biao)其(qi)年(nian)月。若(ruo)然,父在为(wei)厌(yan)降至(zhi)期,今既(ji)父卒(zu),直(zhi)申三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)申斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)无(wu)(wu)二日,家无(wu)(wu)二尊也(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)父虽卒(zu)后,仍以(yi)(yi)(yi)馀尊所厌(yan),直(zhi)申三(san)(san)(san)年(nian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)申斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。云“者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)如《斩(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)章》文,明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)下(xia)出也(ye)。

《传》曰:齐者(zhe)何?缉(ji)也(ye)。牡麻者(zhe),枲麻也(ye)。牡麻绖,右(you)本在上,冠(guan)者(zhe)沽功也(ye)。疏(shu)屦者(zhe),藨蒯之菲也(ye)。沽犹粗也(ye)。冠(guan)尊,加其粗。粗功,大功也(ye)。齐衰不书受(shou)月者(zhe),亦天子诸侯卿大夫士虞卒哭(ku)异数。

[疏]“传曰”至“菲也”。
  ○注“沽犹”至“异数”。
  ○释曰:缉(ji)则今人(ren)谓之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)緶也(ye)(ye)。上章(zhang)传先云(yun)(yun)(yun)“斩者何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)缉(ji)也(ye)(ye)”,此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)言(yan)齐(qi)(qi)对斩,故(gu)亦先言(yan)“齐(qi)(qi)者何(he)缉(ji)也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)牡麻(ma)者枲麻(ma)也(ye)(ye)者,此(ci)(ci)枲对上章(zhang)苴,苴是恶(e)色,则枲是好色。故(gu)《閒传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“斩衰貌若苴,齐(qi)(qi)衰貌若枲”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“牡麻(ma)绖右本在上”者,上章(zhang)为(wei)父(fu),左本在下者,阳统(tong)於内;则此(ci)(ci)为(wei)母,阴(yin)统(tong)於外(wai),故(gu)右本在上也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“疏屦(ju)(ju)者藨蒯之(zhi)(zhi)菲也(ye)(ye)”者,藨是草名,案(an)《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“屦(ju)(ju)蒯席”,则蒯亦草类。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冠(guan)尊(zun)加(jia)其粗(cu),粗(cu)功(gong)(gong)大功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)”者,此(ci)(ci)郑虽据齐(qi)(qi)衰三年而言(yan),冠(guan)尊(zun)加(jia)服(fu)皆同(tong),是以衰裳升(sheng)数恒(heng)少,冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)数恒(heng)多(duo)。冠(guan)在首尊(zun),既(ji)冠(guan)从(cong)首尊(zun),故(gu)加(jia)饰而升(sheng)数恒(heng)多(duo)也(ye)(ye)。斩冠(guan)六(liu)升(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)者,六(liu)升(sheng)虽是齐(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),未(wei)得沽称,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见人(ren)功(gong)(gong)。此(ci)(ci)三年齐(qi)(qi)冠(guan)七升(sheng),初入大功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)境,故(gu)言(yan)沽功(gong)(gong),始见人(ren)功(gong)(gong)。沽,粗(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)粗(cu)功(gong)(gong),见人(ren)功(gong)(gong)粗(cu)大不(bu)(bu)(bu)精者也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)衰不(bu)(bu)(bu)书受月者,亦天子诸侯卿大夫士虞卒哭(ku)异数”者,其义(yi)说与《斩章(zhang)》同(tong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦”也(ye)(ye)。

父卒(zu)则为母(mu)。尊得伸也。

[疏]“父卒则为母”。
  ○注“尊得伸也”。
  ○释曰:此章专(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),重於期,故(gu)在前(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。直云父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)足矣,而(er)(er)云“则”者(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)而(er)(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)卒(zu),仍服(fu)(fu)期,要父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)除(chu)后(hou),而(er)(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)死(si)乃(nai)得(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),故(gu)云则以差其义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知义(yi)如(ru)此者(zhe),案《内(nei)则》云:“女(nv)子十有五(wu)而(er)(er)笄,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)。有故(gu),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)。”注云:“故(gu),谓父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)。”言二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十三(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia),不(bu)(bu)止一丧(sang)而(er)(er)已,故(gu)郑并(bing)云父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧(sang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若前(qian)遭(zao)(zao)(zao)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧(sang),后(hou)遭(zao)(zao)(zao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧(sang),自然为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十三(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)可知。若前(qian)遭(zao)(zao)(zao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)未(wei)(wei)阕,即得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),则是有故(gu),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十四而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia),不(bu)(bu)止二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十三(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知者(zhe),假(jia)令(ling)女(nv)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)嫁(jia)(jia)娶之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),将嫁(jia)(jia),正月(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)遭(zao)(zao)(zao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧(sang),并(bing)后(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)小祥,又至(zhi)后(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)祥,女(nv)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),欲(yu)以二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)将嫁(jia)(jia),又遭(zao)(zao)(zao)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧(sang),至(zhi)后(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)十三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)祥,女(nv)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十三(san)(san)(san)将嫁(jia)(jia)。此是父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)将除(chu),遭(zao)(zao)(zao)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧(sang),犹不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。况遭(zao)(zao)(zao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)丧(sang),在小祥之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),何得(de)(de)(de)即申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)未(wei)(wei)除(chu),不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan),一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《服(fu)(fu)问(wen)》注曰:“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)既(ji)葬,衰(shuai)八(ba)升。”亦据父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),与父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)同(tong)五(wu)升衰(shuai)裳,八(ba)升冠(guan)。既(ji)葬,以其冠(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)衰(shuai)八(ba)升,是父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),未(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)(de)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《閒传》云为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)既(ji)虞卒(zu)哭,衰(shuai)七(qi)(qi)升者(zhe),乃(nai)是父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)除(chu)后(hou),乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。初死(si),衰(shuai)四升,冠(guan)七(qi)(qi)升;既(ji)葬,以其冠(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)衰(shuai)七(qi)(qi)升,与此经同(tong)是父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)除(chu)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),乃(nai)申(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan),是三(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸解(jie)(jie)者(zhe)全不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)思此义(yi),妄解(jie)(jie)则文(wen),说义(yi)多涂,皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊得(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)者(zhe),得(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),犹未(wei)(wei)伸(shen)(shen)斩(zhan)。

继母如母。

[疏]“继母如母”。
  ○释曰(yue):继(ji)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)本非骨(gu)肉(rou),故(gu)(gu)次亲(qin)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)后。谓己母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)早卒(zu),或被出(chu)之后,继(ji)续己母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),丧之如(ru)(ru)(ru)亲(qin)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),故(gu)(gu)云“如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”。但(dan)父(fu)卒(zu)之后如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),明(ming)(ming)父(fu)在(zai)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可知(zhi)。下《期章》不(bu)言(yan)者,举父(fu)没后,明(ming)(ming)父(fu)在(zai)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),可知(zhi)慈母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之义(yi)亦(yi)然(ran),皆省文也,故(gu)(gu)皆举后以明(ming)(ming)前也。若然(ran),直(zhi)言(yan)继(ji)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)载在(zai)《三年章》内,自然(ran)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可知(zhi),而(er)言(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)者,欲(yu)见生事(shi)(shi),死(si)事(shi)(shi)一皆如(ru)(ru)(ru)己母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也。

传曰:继母何以如(ru)母?继母之配父(fu)与因母同,故(gu)孝子不敢殊也。因犹亲也。

[疏]“传曰”至“殊也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:传发问者,以继(ji)母(mu)(mu)本是(shi)路(lu)人(ren),今来配父,辄(zhe)如己母(mu)(mu),故发斯问。答(da)云(yun)继(ji)母(mu)(mu)配父,即是(shi)片合之(zhi)义,既(ji)与己母(mu)(mu)无别,故孝(xiao)子不敢殊(shu)异(yi)之(zhi)也(ye)。

慈母如母。

[疏]“慈母如母”。
  ○释曰:慈母非父片(pian)合(he),故次后(hou)也(ye)。云如母者,亦生礼、死事皆(jie)如己母。

传曰(yue)(yue):慈母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)何也(ye)?传曰(yue)(yue):“妾(qie)之(zhi)无子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)无母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)命妾(qie)曰(yue)(yue):‘女(nv)(nv)以为子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。’命子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):‘女(nv)(nv)以为母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。’”若(ruo)是,则(ze)生养之(zhi),终其身如母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。死则(ze)丧之(zhi)三年如母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),贵(gui)父(fu)之(zhi)命也(ye)。此(ci)主(zhu)谓大(da)(da)夫士(shi)之(zhi)妾(qie),妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)无母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),父(fu)命为母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)。其使养之(zhi),不命为母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)亦(yi)服庶母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)慈己(ji)之(zhi)服可也(ye)。大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),父(fu)在为母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功,则(ze)士(shi)之(zhi)妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期矣。父(fu)卒则(ze)皆(jie)得伸也(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“命也”。
  ○释曰:传别举“传”者,是子夏引旧传证成己义故也。欲见慈母之义,旧已如此,故须重之如己母也。云“妾之无子”者,谓旧有子,今无者,失子之妾,有恩慈深,则能养他子以为己子者也。若未经有子,恩慈浅,则不得立后而养他。不云“君命妾曰”,而云“父”者,对子而言父,故言父也。必先命母者,容子小,未有所识,乃命之或养子是然,故先命母也。云“若是则生养之终其身”者,案《内则》云:“孝子之身终,终身也者,非终父母之身,终其身也。”彼终其身为终孝子之身。此终其身下乃云如母,死则丧之三年,则以慈母轻於继母,言终其身,唯据终慈母之身而已。明三年之后不复如是,以《小记》云慈母“不世祭”,亦见轻之义也。云“如母,贵父之命也”者,一非骨血之属,二非配父之尊,但唯贵父之命故也。传所引唯言妾之子与妾相事者,案《丧服小记》云:“为慈母后者,为庶母可也,为祖庶母可也。”郑云:“缘为慈母后之义,父之妾无子者,亦可命已庶子为后。”又云即庶子为后,此皆子也,传重而已不先命之,与適妻使为母子也。若然,此父命妾之文,兼有庶母、祖庶母,但不命女君与妾子为母子而已。
  ○注“此谓”至“伸也”。
  ○释曰:郑知“此(ci)(ci)主(zhu)谓大(da)(da)夫士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),父(fu)(fu)命(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,知非(fei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案下记云(yun):“公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),练冠,麻(ma)衣縓缘。”既葬除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),父(fu)(fu)没乃(nai)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。明天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦然(ran),何(he)有命(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)年(nian)乎?故知主(zhu)谓大(da)(da)夫士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)使养之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)命(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)亦服(fu)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)章(zhang)(zhang)》云(yun):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。注云(yun):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)夫及(ji)公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”彼谓適妻(qi)(qi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)备三(san)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu):有师母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、保母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)居中,服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)师母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、保母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu),可(ke)知是(shi)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu),《小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)》下云(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)则(ze)緦可(ke)也(ye)(ye),是(shi)大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)命(ming),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)加服(fu)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。若(ruo)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)加服(fu)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)知。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji),则(ze)緦麻(ma)矣。士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),《緦麻(ma)章(zhang)(zhang)》云(yun):“士(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。”传曰:“以名服(fu)也(ye)(ye)。”故此(ci)(ci)云(yun)不(bu)(bu)命(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)亦服(fu)庶(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),父(fu)(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)章(zhang)(zhang)》云(yun)“大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”,是(shi)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期(qi)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《期(qi)章(zhang)(zhang)》云(yun):“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)言士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),郑知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),推究其(qi)(qi)(qi)理,大(da)(da)夫妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)厌(yan)降,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。士(shi)无(wu)厌(yan)降,明如众人服(fu)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“父(fu)(fu)卒则(ze)皆得(de)伸也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)已伸矣,但大(da)(da)夫妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)卒则(ze)与士(shi)皆得(de)伸三(san)年(nian)也(ye)(ye)。

母为长子。

[疏]“母为长子”。
  ○释曰(yue):长(zhang)子(zi)卑,故(gu)在(zai)(zai)母(mu)(mu)下。但(dan)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)《斩章》,母(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)齐(qi)衰(shuai),以子(zi)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)服(fu)齐(qi)衰(shuai),母(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)之不(bu)得过於(wu)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)己,故(gu)亦齐(qi)衰(shuai)也。若(ruo)然(ran),长(zhang)子(zi)与众(zhong)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu),父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)期,若(ruo)夫(fu)在(zai)(zai)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi),岂(qi)亦不(bu)得过於(wu)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)己服(fu)期乎?然(ran)者子(zi)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)有降屈之义(yi)(yi),父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi)本为(wei)(wei)先祖之正体,无厌降之义(yi)(yi),故(gu)不(bu)得以父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)屈至(zhi)期,明母(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)子(zi)不(bu)问(wen)夫(fu)之在(zai)(zai)否(fou)也。

传曰:何以(yi)(yi)三年也?父之所不降,母亦(yi)不敢(gan)降也。不敢(gan)降者,不敢(gan)以(yi)(yi)己(ji)尊降祖祢之正(zheng)体。

[疏]“传曰”至“降也”。
  ○释曰:云“何以三年”者,此亦问,比例,父母为众子期等是子,此何以独三年?云“父之所不降母亦不敢降也”者,《斩章》又云“何以三年”,答云“正体於上,将所传重”,不降,故於母亦云不敢降,故答云父之所不降母亦不敢降。若然,夫不敢降,妻亦不敢降,而云父母者,以其父母各自为子,故父母各云“何以三年”而问之,是以答各据父母为子而言,不据夫妻也。
  ○注“不敢”至“正体”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)以己尊降(jiang)祖祢(mi)之正体”者,上传於(wu)父已(yi)答云(yun)“正体於(wu)上”,是以郑解(jie)母不(bu)(bu)降(jiang),亦与(yu)父同,以夫妇(fu)一体,故不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)之义亦等。

疏(shu)衰裳(shang)齐、牡麻绖(die)、冠布缨、削杖、布带、疏(shu)屦期(qi)者。

[疏]“疏衰”至“期者”。
  ○释曰:案下(xia)章(zhang)不(bu)言(yan)疏衰(shuai)已(yi)下(xia)者(zhe),还(hai)依此(ci)经所陈(chen),唯言(yan)不(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)及麻屦异(yi)於(wu)上者(zhe),此(ci)章(zhang)“疏衰(shuai)”已(yi)下(xia),与前(qian)章(zhang)不(bu)殊,唯“期(qi)”一字与前(qian)三(san)(san)年有(you)异(yi)。今(jin)不(bu)直言(yan)其(qi)异(yi),而(er)(er)还(hai)具列之(zhi)者(zhe),以其(qi)此(ci)一期(qi)与前(qian)三(san)(san)年悬(xuan)绝,恐服(fu)制亦(yi)多不(bu)同,故须(xu)重列七服(fu)者(zhe)也(ye)。但此(ci)章(zhang)虽(sui)(sui)止一期(qi),而(er)(er)禫杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)具有(you)。案下(xia)《杂记》云(yun):“期(qi)之(zhi)丧(sang),十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)练(lian),十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)祥,十(shi)(shi)五月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)禫。”注云(yun):“此(ci)谓父在为(wei)(wei)母(mu)。”即是(shi)此(ci)章(zhang)者(zhe)也(ye)。母(mu)之(zhi)与父,恩爱本同,为(wei)(wei)父所厌屈(qu)而(er)(er)至期(qi),是(shi)以虽(sui)(sui)屈(qu)犹申(shen)禫杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)。为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)亦(yi)申(shen),妻(qi)虽(sui)(sui)义合,妻(qi)乃天夫,为(wei)(wei)夫斩(zhan)衰(shuai),为(wei)(wei)妻(qi)报以禫杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),但以夫尊妻(qi)卑,故齐斩(zhan)有(you)异(yi)。

传(chuan)曰:问(wen)者曰:何冠(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)?曰:齐衰、大(da)功(gong),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)其(qi)受也(ye)。緦(si)麻、小功(gong),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)其(qi)衰也(ye)。带缘(yuan)各视其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)。问(wen)之者,见(jian)斩衰有二,其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同。今齐衰有四章,不知(zhi)其(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之异同尔。缘(yuan),如深衣之缘(yuan)。今文(wen)无冠(guan)(guan)(guan)布(bu)缨。

[疏]“传曰”至“其冠”。
  ○释曰:云“问者曰何冠也”者,此还子夏之问答而言。问者曰者,子夏欲起发前人使之开悟,故假他问答己之言也。云“曰齐衰大功,冠其受也”者,降服,齐衰四升,冠七升;既葬,以其冠为受,衰七升,冠八升。正服,齐衰五升,冠八升;既葬,以其冠为受,衰八升,冠九升。义服,齐衰六升,冠九升;既葬,以其冠为受,受服衰九升,冠十升。降服,大功衰七升,冠十升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十升,冠十一升。正服,大功衰八升,冠十升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十升,冠十一升。义服,大功衰九升,冠十一升;既葬,以其冠为受,受衰十一升,冠十二升。以其初死,冠升皆与既葬衰升数同,故云冠其受也。大功亦然。云“緦麻小功,冠其衰也”者,以其降服,小功衰十升;正服,小功衰十一升;义服,小功衰十二升,緦麻十五升,抽其半七升半,冠皆与衰升数同,故云冠其衰也。义疏备於下记也。云“带缘各视其冠”者,带谓布带,象革带者,缘谓丧服之内,中衣缘用布,缘之二者之布升数多少,视犹比也,各比拟其冠也。然本问齐衰之冠,因答大功与緦麻,小功并答带缘者,子夏欲因问博陈其义,是以假问答异常例也。
  ○注“问之”至“布缨”。
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“问之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见斩衰(shuai)有二,其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下记(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“斩衰(shuai)三(san)升(sheng),三(san)升(sheng)有半,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)六(liu)升(sheng)”,是其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)同也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)(jin)齐(qi)衰(shuai)有四(si)章不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)异同尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下记(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)衰(shuai)四(si)升(sheng),其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)七升(sheng)”,既(ji)葬,“以其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)为受(shou),受(shou)衰(shuai)七升(sheng),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)八(ba)升(sheng)”,唯见此降服齐(qi)衰(shuai),不(bu)(bu)见正(zheng)服、义服,及三(san)月齐(qi)衰(shuai)一章不(bu)(bu)见,以不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)异同,故(gu)致(zhi)此问也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“缘(yuan)(yuan)如深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)缘(yuan)(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《目录》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),连衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裳而(er)纯之(zhi)(zhi),以采素(su)纯曰(yue)长(zhang)(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),有表(biao)则谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”此既(ji)在丧(sang)服之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),则是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同是连衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裳,其(qi)(qi)制大同,故(gu)就(jiu)深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有篇(pian)目者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。案《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)为“长(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)继(ji)揜尺”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)为长(zhang)(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则继(ji)袂(mei)揜一尺,若(ruo)今(jin)(jin)褎矣。深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则缘(yuan)(yuan)而(er)已。”若(ruo)然,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)长(zhang)(zhang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)袂(mei)皆手外长(zhang)(zhang)一尺。案《檀(tan)弓》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)练(lian)时(shi)“鹿裘(qiu)衡长(zhang)(zhang)袪(qu)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“袪(qu)谓(wei)褎缘(yuan)(yuan)袂(mei)口也”。练(lian)而(er)为裘(qiu),横广之(zhi)(zhi)又(you)长(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi),又(you)为袪(qu),则先时(shi)狭(xia)短,无(wu)袪(qu)可知。若(ruo)然,此初丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缘(yuan)(yuan)亦(yi)狭(xia)短,不(bu)(bu)得如《玉(yu)藻》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)继(ji)袂(mei)揜一尺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。但吉时(shi)麛(mi)裘(qiu),即(ji)凶时(shi)鹿裘(qiu),吉时(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),深(shen)(shen)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。《目录》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大夫以上用(yong)(yong)素(su),士中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu),缘(yuan)(yuan)皆用(yong)(yong)采,况丧(sang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu),明中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu)也。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu),虽无(wu)明文(wen)(wen)(wen),亦(yi)当(dang)视(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)。若(ruo)然,直言(yan)(yan)(yan)缘(yuan)(yuan)视(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)采,故(gu)特(te)言(yan)(yan)(yan)缘(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu),何妨丧(sang)时(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu)乎?云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)无(wu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)布(bu)(bu)缨(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑注(zhu)《仪(yi)礼(li)》从(cong)(cong)(cong)经今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)内(nei)叠出古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。若(ruo)从(cong)(cong)(cong)经古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)内(nei)叠出今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。此注(zhu)既(ji)叠出今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen),明不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen),从(cong)(cong)(cong)经古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),有冠(guan)(guan)(guan)布(bu)(bu)缨(ying)为正(zheng)也。

父在为母。

[疏]“父在为母”。
  ○释曰(yue):《斩章》直言(yan)父,即知子为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)可知。今此(ci)言(yan)母,亦知子为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),而言(yan)父在(zai)为(wei)母者(zhe),欲(yu)明父母恩爱等,为(wei)母期(qi)者(zhe),由父在(zai)厌,故为(wei)母屈(qu)至期(qi),故须言(yan)父在(zai)为(wei)母也。

传曰(yue):何(he)以期也(ye)?屈也(ye)。至尊在(zai),不敢(gan)伸(shen)其私尊也(ye)。父必三年然后娶,达(da)子之志也(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“之志也”。
  ○释曰(yue):上(shang)章已论斩衰不(bu)(bu)同(tong)讫,故(gu)传直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“何以(yi)期(qi)”而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)三年(nian)(nian)决之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),答辞,以(yi)家(jia)无二尊(zun)(zun),故(gu)於母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)而(er)(er)为(wei)期(qi),是(shi)以(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)在,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)伸(shen)其(qi)私尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,解父(fu)在母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)伸(shen)其(qi)私尊(zun)(zun),明(ming)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於父(fu)母(mu)(mu)本尊(zun)(zun)。若然(ran),不(bu)(bu)直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)尊(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)私尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe),其(qi)父(fu)非直(zhi)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),妻(qi)於夫亦至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)。母(mu)(mu)则於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)尊(zun)(zun),夫不(bu)(bu)尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),直(zhi)据子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)私尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran),夫妻(qi)敌体(ti)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)练冠在五(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe),举尊(zun)(zun)以(yi)见卑(bei),屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)可知。大(da)(da)夫妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)功,亦斯类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)必(bi)三年(nian)(nian)然(ran)后(hou)娶(qu)达子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於母(mu)(mu)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)而(er)(er)期(qi),心丧犹三年(nian)(nian),故(gu)父(fu)虽为(wei)妻(qi)期(qi),而(er)(er)除三年(nian)(nian)乃娶(qu)者(zhe),通达子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心丧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“心”而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“志”者(zhe),心者(zhe),万虑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总,喜怒(nu)哀(ai)乐好恶六(liu)情(qing)皆是(shi)情(qing),则为(wei)志母(mu)(mu)虽一期(qi),哀(ai)犹未绝,是(shi)六(liu)情(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)(er)哀(ai)偏(pian)在,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)志也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左氏传》晋叔(shu)向云(yun)(yun)(yun)一岁王“有三年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧二”,据大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与穆后(hou),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)后(hou)亦期(qi),而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)三年(nian)(nian)丧者(zhe),据达子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)三年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。传曰(yue):为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)何以期也?妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至亲也。適(shi)子父在则为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不杖(zhang),以父为之主(zhu)也。《服问》曰(yue):“君所主(zhu),夫人、妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、大子適(shi)妇。”父在,子为妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以杖(zhang)即位,谓庶子。

[疏]“妻传曰”至“亲也”。
  ○释曰:妻卑於母,故次之。夫为妻,年月禫杖亦与母同,故同章也。以其出嫁天夫,为夫斩,故夫为之,亦与父在为母同。传曰“何以期也”者,传意以妻拟母,母是血属得期,怪妻义合亦期,故发此之传也。此问异於常例,上问母直云“何以期”,今云“为妻”,乃云“何以期”者,雷氏云:“妻卑,以拟同於母,故问深於常也。”云“妻至亲也”,答以妻至亲,故同於母。言妻至亲者,妻既移天齐体,与己同奉宗庙,为万世之主,故云至亲也。
  ○注“適子”至“庶子”。
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)“適(shi)子(zi)父(fu)在(zai)则(ze)为(wei)妻(qi)不(bu)杖,以(yi)父(fu)为(wei)之主也”者(zhe)(zhe),《不(bu)杖章》之文(wen)也。又引《服问》者(zhe)(zhe),郑彼注(zhu)云(yun):“言(yan)妻(qi)见(jian)大夫已下(xia),亦为(wei)此(ci)三(san)人为(wei)丧(sang)主也。”若士(shi)卑,为(wei)此(ci)三(san)人为(wei)丧(sang)主可(ke)知。若然,至此(ci)经(jing)为(wei)妻(qi),非直是庶(shu)子(zi)为(wei)妻(qi),欲见(jian)兼有適(shi)子(zi)父(fu)没为(wei)妻(qi)在(zai)其中。云(yun)“父(fu)在(zai)子(zi)为(wei)妻(qi)以(yi)杖即(ji)位谓(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《丧(sang)服小记》云(yun)“父(fu)在(zai),子(zi)为(wei)妻(qi)以(yi)杖即(ji)位可(ke)”是也。引之者(zhe)(zhe),证经(jing)云(yun)是天子(zi)以(yi)下(xia)至士(shi)庶(shu)人,父(fu)皆不(bu)为(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)之妻(qi)为(wei)丧(sang)主,故(gu)夫皆为(wei)妻(qi)杖,得伸也。

出妻之子为母。出犹去也。

[疏]“出妻之子为母”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):此谓母犯七(qi)出(chu)。去(qu),谓去(qu)夫氏(shi)或適他族(zu),或之本家子(zi)从而(er)为服者也(ye)。七(qi)出(chu)者:无子(zi)一也(ye),淫泆(yi)二也(ye),不(bu)事(shi)舅姑三也(ye),口(kou)舌四也(ye),盗窃五也(ye),妒忌六也(ye),恶疾七(qi)也(ye)。天子(zi)诸(zhu)侯之妻,无子(zi)不(bu)出(chu),唯有(you)六出(chu)耳。雷氏(shi)云:子(zi)无出(chu)母之义(yi),故继夫而(er)言出(chu)妻之子(zi)也(ye)。

传(chuan)(chuan)曰:出(chu)妻之(zhi)子(zi)为(wei)母期(qi),则为(wei)外祖父母无(wu)服。传(chuan)(chuan)曰:“绝族(zu)无(wu)施服,亲(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)属(shu)。”出(chu)妻之(zhi)子(zi)为(wei)父后者(zhe)(zhe),则为(wei)出(chu)母无(wu)服。传(chuan)(chuan)曰:“与尊者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)一体(ti),不敢服其私亲(qin)也。”在旁而及曰施,亲(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)属(shu),母子(zi)至亲(qin),无(wu)绝道。

[疏]“传曰”至“私亲也”。
  ○释曰:云“出妻之子为母期,则为外祖父母无服”者,传意似言出妻即是绝族,故於外祖可以无服,恐人疑为之服,故传明言之也。又云“传曰”者,子夏引他旧传,证成己义。云“绝族”者,嫁来承奉宗庙,与族相连缀,今出则与族绝,故云绝族也。“无施服”者,傍及为施,以母为族绝,即无傍及之服也。云“亲者属”者,旧传解母被出,犹为之服也。云“出妻之子为父后者则为出母无服”者,旧传释为父后者,谓父没適子承重,不合为出母服意。云“传”曰者,子夏释旧传意云与尊者为一体者,不言与父为体,而言与尊者,上《斩衰章》已有《传》云“正体於上,将所传重”,释相承父祖已上皆是尊者,故不言父也。但事宗庙祭祀者,不欲闻见凶人,故《杂记》云有死於宫中三月不祭,况有故可得祭乎?是以不敢服其私亲也。父已与母无亲,子独亲之,故云“私亲”也。
  ○注“在旁”至“绝道”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“在(zai)旁而(er)及曰施”者,《诗》云(yun)“莫(mo)莫(mo)葛藟(lei),施于条枚”,“茑与(yu)女萝,施于松(song)上”,皆是在(zai)旁而(er)及曰施。此以母(mu)为(wei)(wei)主,旁及外祖,今(jin)母(mu)已绝族,不复及在(zai)旁,故(gu)云(yun)无(wu)(wu)施服也。云(yun)“亲者属(shu)母(mu)子至亲无(wu)(wu)绝道(dao)”者,属(shu)犹续也,《孝经(jing)》云(yun)“父(fu)母(mu)主之,续莫(mo)大焉(yan)”,故(gu)谓母(mu)子为(wei)(wei)属(shu),对父(fu)与(yu)母(mu)义合(he)有(you)绝道(dao),故(gu)云(yun)母(mu)子至亲无(wu)(wu)绝道(dao)。

父卒,继母嫁,从,为(wei)之服,报(bao)。传(chuan)曰:何(he)以期也?贵终也。尝为(wei)母子,贵终其(qi)恩。

[疏]“父卒继母嫁从为之服报”。
  ○释曰:云“父(fu)卒(zu)继母(mu)嫁”者,欲见此(ci)母(mu)为(wei)(wei)父(fu)已服(fu)斩衰(shuai)三年(nian),恩(en)(en)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极,故(gu)子为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)期,得伸禫杖。但以(yi)不(bu)生己,父(fu)卒(zu)改(gai)嫁,故(gu)降(jiang)於已母(mu)。虽父(fu)卒(zu)后(hou),不(bu)伸三年(nian),一(yi)期而已。云“从为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)”者,亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)本是(shi)路(lu)人(ren),暂时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)父(fu)片(pian)合,父(fu)卒(zu),还嫁,便是(shi)路(lu)人(ren),子仍著(zhu)服(fu),故(gu)生从为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也。“报”者,《丧服(fu)上、下》并记(ji)云报者十(shi)有二,无降(jiang)杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)。感(gan)恩(en)(en)者皆称报。若(ruo)此(ci)子念继母(mu)恩(en)(en),终从而为(wei)(wei)服(fu),母(mu)以(yi)子恩(en)(en),不(bu)可降(jiang)杀(sha)(sha),即生报文(wen),馀皆放此(ci)。

不(bu)杖、麻屦者,此亦(yi)齐衰,言其异(yi)於上。

[疏]“不杖麻屦者”。
  ○注“此亦”至“於上”。
  ○释曰(yue):案(an)上(shang)(shang)(shang)《斩(zhan)章(zhang)》布(bu)总箭笄亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),郑不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),至此乃(nai)注者,彼亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)者,以下文(wen)更有公士(shi)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)众臣,为(wei)其(qi)君布(bu)带绳(sheng)屦,亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。同(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)斩(zhan)衰(shuai),而有二(er)文(wen)皆(jie)异(yi)(yi),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),直注云(yun)(yun):“此妻(qi)妾女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)男子(zi)(zi)而已。此则(ze)(ze)虽(sui)是(shi)(shi)别(bie)章(zhang),唯此二(er)事异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),故(gu)得(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此《不(bu)(bu)杖章(zhang)》轻於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)禫杖,故(gu)次之(zhi)(zhi)。又云(yun)(yun)此章(zhang)与(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)章(zhang)虽(sui)杖与(yu)不(bu)(bu)杖不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),其(qi)正服齐衰(shuai)裳皆(jie)同(tong)(tong)五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而冠(guan)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。必知父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)衰(shuai)四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),与(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)年(nian)齐衰(shuai)同(tong)(tong)者,见(jian)郑注《杂(za)记》云(yun)(yun):“士(shi)以臣从君服之(zhi)(zhi)齐衰(shuai),为(wei)其(qi)母(mu)(mu)与(yu)兄弟(di)。”是(shi)(shi)父(fu)在(zai),为(wei)母(mu)(mu)与(yu)兄弟(di)同(tong)(tong)正服五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)(ye)。又郑注《服问(wen)》云(yun)(yun)“为(wei)母(mu)(mu)既(ji)葬(zang)衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,是(shi)(shi)初死衰(shuai)五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。既(ji)葬(zang),以其(qi)冠(guan)为(wei)受(shou),受(shou)衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)九升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)同(tong)(tong)正服衰(shuai)五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)(ye)。又案(an)此章(zhang)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)杖麻屦”,郑云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)”,则(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)章(zhang)下疏衰(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)等亦(yi)同(tong)(tong),又是(shi)(shi)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)同(tong)(tong)正服五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)(ye)。案(an)下记云(yun)(yun)齐衰(shuai)四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)冠(guan)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),及《閒传》云(yun)(yun)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)既(ji)虞,受(shou)衰(shuai)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者,唯据上(shang)(shang)(shang)章(zhang)父(fu)卒为(wei)母(mu)(mu)齐衰(shuai)三(san)(san)年(nian)者也(ye)(ye)。

祖父母。

[疏]“祖父母”。
  ○释曰(yue):孙为(wei)之服(fu)丧服(fu)条例(li),皆亲而尊者在先,故《斩章(zhang)》先父(fu)三年,齐衰先母(mu)(mu),此(ci)(ci)不杖期(qi)先祖(zu)(zu),亦是其次。若然(ran),此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)有(you)(you)降、有(you)(you)正、有(you)(you)义服(fu)之本制,若为(wei)父(fu)期(qi),祖(zu)(zu)合大功,为(wei)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)加(jia)隆至三年,祖(zu)(zu)亦加(jia)隆至期(qi),是以祖(zu)(zu)在於章(zhang),首得其宜也。

传曰(yue):何(he)以期也?至尊也。

[疏]“传曰”至“尊也”。
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)“何(he)(he)以(yi)期(qi)也(ye)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)”者,此据母而(er)问,所生之(zhi)(zhi)母至(zhi)(zhi)亲,唯期(qi)而(er)已,祖(zu)为(wei)孙止(zhi)大(da)功(gong),孙为(wei)祖(zu)既疏,何(he)(he)以(yi)亦(yi)期(qi)。答云(yun)“至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)”者,祖(zu)为(wei)孙降至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)功(gong),似(si)父(fu)母於子降至(zhi)(zhi)期(qi),祖(zu)虽非至(zhi)(zhi)亲,是至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),故(gu)期(qi)。若然(ran),不(bu)云(yun)“祖(zu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)”,而(er)直云(yun)“至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)”者,以(yi)是父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),非孙之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),故(gu)直云(yun)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)。

世父母、叔父母。

[疏]“世父母叔父母”。
  ○释曰:世叔(shu)既卑(bei)於祖,故次之(zhi)。伯言世者,欲见继(ji)世为昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子(zi),亦期。不(bu)言报者,以昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子(zi)犹子(zi),若言报为疏(shu),故不(bu)言报也。

传曰:世父(fu)、叔父(fu)何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)?与尊者(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)。然则昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)?旁尊也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)加尊焉,故(gu)报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。父(fu)子一(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye),夫妻一(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye),昆弟(di)(di)一(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)父(fu)子,首足也(ye)(ye);夫妻,牉(pan)合也(ye)(ye);昆弟(di)(di),四体(ti)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义无分,然而(er)有(you)分者(zhe)(zhe),则辟子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私也(ye)(ye)。子不(bu)(bu)私其父(fu),则不(bu)(bu)成为子。故(gu)有(you)东宫(gong)(gong),有(you)西宫(gong)(gong),有(you)南宫(gong)(gong),有(you)北宫(gong)(gong),异(yi)居而(er)同财,有(you)馀(yu)则归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗,不(bu)(bu)足则资(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗。世母(mu)、叔母(mu),何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)?以(yi)(yi)(yi)名服也(ye)(ye)。宗者(zhe)(zhe),世父(fu)为小宗典宗事者(zhe)(zhe)。资(zi),取也(ye)(ye)。为姑姊(zi)妹在室,亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

[疏]“传曰”至“名服也”。
  ○释曰:传发“何以期”问比例者,雷氏云:“非父之所尊,嫌服重,故问也。”不直云“何以言世父叔父”者,以经总言而传离释,故二文欲别问也。云“与尊者一体也”者,虽非至尊,既与尊者为一体,故服期。不言与父为一体者,直言尊者,明父为一体也,为与一尊,故加期也。云“然则昆弟之子何以亦期也”者,以世叔父与二尊为体,故加期。昆弟之子无此义,何以亦期?故怪而致问也。云“旁尊也,不足以加尊焉,故报之也”者,凡得降者,皆由已尊也,故降之。世叔非正尊,故生报也。云“父子一体”已下云云,传云此者,上既云一体,故传又广明一体之义,凡言“体”者,若人之四体,故传解父子、夫妻、兄弟,还比人四体而言也。云“父子一体也”者,谓子与父骨血是同为体,因其父与祖亦为一体,又见世叔与祖亦为一体也。云“夫妻一体也”者,亦见世叔母与世叔父为一体也。云“昆弟一体也”者,又见世叔与父亦为一体也。故马云:言一体者,还是至亲,因父加於世叔,故云昆弟一体。因世叔加於世叔母,故以夫妻一体也。因上世叔是旁尊,故以下广明尊有正有旁之义也。人身首足为上下,父子亦是尊卑之上下,故父子比於首足。因父子兼见祖孙,故马云首足者,父尊若首,加祖在期,子卑若足,曾孙在緦也。云“夫妇牉合也”者,《郊特牲》云“天地合而后万物兴焉”,是夫妇半合,子胤生焉,是半合为一体也。云“昆弟四体也”者,四体谓二手、二足,在身之旁,昆弟亦在父之旁,故云四体也。云“故昆弟之义无分”者,此传兄弟有合离之义,以手足四体本在一身,不可分别。若昆弟共成父身,亦不可分别,是昆弟之义不合分也。云“然而有分者,则辟子之私也”者,昆弟理不合分,然而分者,则辟子之私也,使昆弟之子各自私朝其父,故须分也。云“子不私其父,则不成为子”者,《内则》云:“子事父母,鸡初鸣,咸盥漱,栉纚笄总。”朝事父母,若兄弟同在一宫,则尊崇诸父之长者。第二已下,其子不得私其父,不成为人人之子之法也。云“故有东宫有西宫”云云,案《内则》云:“命士以上,父子异宫。”不命之士,父子同宫,纵同宫亦有隔别,亦为四方之宫也。云“世母、叔母,何以亦期也,以名服也”者,二母是路人,以来配世叔父,则生母名,既有母名,则当随世叔而服之,故云以名服也。
  ○注“宗者”至“如之”。
  ○释曰(yue):案《丧服(fu)小(xiao)记》云:“继(ji)别(bie)为(wei)大宗(zong)(zong),继(ji)祢为(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)。”大宗(zong)(zong)继(ji)别(bie)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),百(bai)世不迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong),在(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中者,族人(ren)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月筭如(ru)邦人(ren),如(ru)为(wei)齐衰,《齐衰三月章(zhang)》宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)是也(ye)。小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)有四,皆据五(wu)(wu)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),依常著(zhu)服(fu)。五(wu)(wu)世别(bie)高祖,则别(bie)事亲(qin)者。今宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)《期章(zhang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),明(ming)非大宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi),是世父为(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)典宗(zong)(zong)事者也(ye)。云“为(wei)姑(gu)姊妹在(zai)(zai)室亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者,《大功章(zhang)》云“为(wei)姑(gu)嫁(jia)大功”,明(ming)未嫁(jia)在(zai)(zai)此《期章(zhang)》。若然,不见(jian)姑(gu)者,雷云:不见(jian)姑(gu)者,欲见(jian)时(shi)早(zao)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。

大夫之適子为妻。

[疏]“大夫之適子为妻”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云“大夫之適(shi)子(zi)为妻(qi)”,在(zai)此(ci)《不杖(zhang)章》,则(ze)上《杖(zhang)章》为妻(qi)者是(shi)庶子(zi)为妻(qi),父没后適(shi)子(zi)亦(yi)为妻(qi)杖(zhang),亦(yi)在(zai)彼章也。

传曰:何以(yi)(yi)期也(ye)(ye)?父之所不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),子(zi)亦不(bu)敢降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。何以(yi)(yi)不(bu)杖(zhang)也(ye)(ye)?父在(zai)则为妻不(bu)杖(zhang)。大夫(fu)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)尊降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)適妇者(zhe),重適也(ye)(ye)。凡不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe),谓如其亲(qin)服(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)之。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有四品:君、大夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)尊降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),公子(zi)、大夫(fu)之子(zi)以(yi)(yi)厌降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),公之昆弟以(yi)(yi)旁尊降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),为人后者(zhe)、女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)嫁者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)出降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。

[疏]“传曰”至“不杖”。
  ○释曰:怪所以期,发比例而问者。大夫众子为妻皆大功,今令適子为妻期,故发问也。云“父之所不降子亦不敢降也”者,《大功章》有適妇,注云:“適子之妻。”是父不降適妇也。云子亦不敢降者,谓不敢降至大功,与庶子同也。云“何以不杖也”者,既不降,怪不杖,故发问也。“父在为妻不杖”者,父为適子之妇为丧主,故適子不敢伸而杖也。《服问》云:“君所主,夫人、妻、大子適妇。”是大夫为適妇为丧主也,故子不杖也。若然,此適子为妻通贵贱,今不云“长子”通上下而云“適子”,唯据大夫者,以五十始爵,为降服之始,嫌降適妇,其子亦降其妻,故明。举大夫不降,天子诸侯虽尊,不降可知。
  ○注“大夫”至“出降”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不以尊(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)適(shi)(shi)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重適(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)解(jie)经文(wen)(wen)(wen)所不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)適(shi)(shi)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu),对(dui)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓如其(qi)亲(qin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓依(yi)五服(fu)(fu)(fu)常(chang)法服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有四品”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑因(yin)传有降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen),遂总解(jie)《丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)》上下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“君大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以尊(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)正统(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),后(hou)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人与长(zhang)子(zi)、长(zhang)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)等不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),馀(yu)亲(qin)则绝。天(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯绝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一等,即(ji)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)众子(zi)大功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)以厌(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)非身自尊(zun),受父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厌(yan)屈以降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),无尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)。下记云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)母练冠麻(ma)麻(ma)衣縓缘,为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)妻(qi)縓冠葛绖(die)带麻(ma)衣”,父卒乃大功(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)即(ji)《小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)从父昆弟(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)”皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)(di)以旁(pang)(pang)尊(zun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)亦非己尊(zun)旁(pang)(pang)及昆弟(di)(di),故(gu)亦降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)诸(zhu)亲(qin),即(ji)《小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)从父母昆弟(di)(di)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《大功(gong)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)昆弟(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)母妻(qi)昆弟(di)(di)”,传曰:“先君馀(yu)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所厌(yan),不得过(guo)大功(gong)。”若然(ran),公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)(di)有两义,既(ji)以旁(pang)(pang)尊(zun),又为(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)尊(zun)厌(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)人后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),女子(zi)子(zi)嫁者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以出降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若下文(wen)(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)人后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)父母报”,又下文(wen)(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“女子(zi)適(shi)(shi)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)父母、昆弟(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)父后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,此(ci)(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu),例在(zai)(zai)正服(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou),今(jin)在(zai)(zai)昆弟(di)(di)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)妻(qi)本在(zai)(zai)杖期,直以父为(wei)(wei)(wei)主,故(gu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入《不杖章(zhang)》,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)昆弟(di)(di)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

昆(kun)弟。昆(kun),兄也(ye)。为姊妹在(zai)室(shi)亦如之(zhi)。

[疏]“昆弟”。
  ○注“昆兄”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:昆弟(di)卑於世叔,故(gu)次之,此亦至亲以(yi)(yi)期断。云“昆,兄(xiong)也(ye)”者,昆,明(ming)也(ye),以(yi)(yi)其次长(zhang),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)为称(cheng)弟(di)。弟(di)也(ye),以(yi)(yi)其小,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)次弟(di)为名。云“为姊(zi)妹在室亦如之”者,义同於上,姑在室也(ye)。

为众子(zi)(zi)(zi)。众子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),长子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)弟及妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi),女子(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在室亦如(ru)之(zhi)。士(shi)谓(wei)之(zhi)众子(zi)(zi)(zi),未能(neng)远(yuan)别也,大夫则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi),降之(zhi)为大功。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)、国君不(bu)服(fu)之(zhi)。《内则(ze)》曰(yue):“冢子(zi)(zi)(zi)未食(shi)而(er)见(jian)(jian),必执其(qi)右手。適(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)食(shi)而(er)见(jian)(jian),必循(xun)其(qi)首。”

[疏]“为众子”。
  ○注“众子”至“其首”。
  ○释曰:众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卑於(wu)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),注(zhu)兼(jian)云女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,如上姑姊妹。但上注(zhu)郑云“在室(shi)”,此不云在室(shi)可知,故(gu)(gu)略(lve)不言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及下(xia)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)不发传者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)同是一(yi)体,故(gu)(gu)无异问(wen)。姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在室(shi)不见(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦如上姑不见(jian)(jian)(jian)。雷氏云:“欲见(jian)(jian)(jian)出当及时”,又《大(da)功章》见(jian)(jian)(jian)姑姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁大(da)功,明(ming)此在室(shi)可知,故(gu)(gu)略(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云“士(shi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)未(wei)能远别(bie)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经不云士(shi),郑云士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《丧服(fu)(fu)》平文是士(shi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)士(shi)可知也(ye)(ye)。云“大(da)夫(fu)(fu)则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)大(da)功”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文大(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)云庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降(jiang)一(yi)等,故(gu)(gu)大(da)功。云“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)国(guo)君不服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)绝旁亲,故(gu)(gu)知不服(fu)(fu)。若然,经所云唯(wei)据(ju)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)。引《内则(ze)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案彼(bi)云子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)三月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,释日翦发为(wei)鬌,以见(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)父。若冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),生(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)见(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)正寝,其(qi)(qi)日夫(fu)(fu)妻共食(shi)(shi)(shi),具视(shi)朔食(shi)(shi)(shi),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)大(da)牢(lao),诸(zhu)侯则(ze)少(shao)牢(lao),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)特牲,士(shi)特豚。冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)未(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)而见(jian)(jian)(jian),必执(zhi)其(qi)(qi)右(you)手,咳而名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。执(zhi)右(you)明(ming)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)事,退入(ru)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕寝乃食(shi)(shi)(shi),下(xia)云其(qi)(qi)非(fei)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)降(jiang)一(yi)等。云“適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)巳食(shi)(shi)(shi)而见(jian)(jian)(jian)必循(xun)其(qi)(qi)首”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不授(shou)室(shi)事故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye),而郑注(zhu)未(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)食(shi)(shi)(shi),急(ji)正缓庶(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。言(yan)冢(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)犹言(yan)长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),通於(wu)下(xia)也(ye)(ye),彼(bi)言(yan)適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),谓適妻所生(sheng)(sheng)第二已(yi)(yi)下(xia),庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证言(yan)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是别(bie)於(wu)適长者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。

昆弟之子。

传曰:何以期也?报之(zhi)也。《檀(tan)弓》曰:“丧服,兄弟之(zhi)子犹子也。”盖引而进(jin)之(zhi)。

[疏]“昆弟之子”。
  ○注“檀弓”至“进之”。
  ○释曰:昆弟子(zi)疏(shu)於(wu)亲子(zi),故(gu)(gu)次之。世叔(shu)父(fu)为之,此两相为服(fu),不言(yan)(yan)报者,引(yin)同(tong)己(ji)子(zi),与(yu)亲子(zi)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)不言(yan)(yan)报,是以《檀弓》为证(zheng),言(yan)(yan)“进(jin)”者,进(jin)同(tong)己(ji)子(zi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。

大夫之庶子为適昆弟。两言之者,適子或为兄(xiong),或为弟。

[疏]“大夫”至“昆弟”。
  ○注“两言”至“为弟”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)大夫之妾(qie)子(zi),故言庶,若(ruo)適(shi)妻所(suo)生第(di)二(er)已(yi)下(xia),当直云昆弟,不言庶也。云“两言之”者,以(yi)其適(shi)妻所(suo)生適(shi)子(zi),或(huo)(huo)长於妾(qie)子(zi),或(huo)(huo)小(xiao)於妾(qie)子(zi),故云两言之。適(shi)子(zi)或(huo)(huo)为兄(xiong),或(huo)(huo)为弟,是以(yi)经昆弟并言之。

《传》曰:何(he)以期也(ye)?父之所不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang),子(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)也(ye)。大(da)夫虽尊,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)其適,重之也(ye)。適子(zi)为庶昆弟,庶昆弟相为,亦如大(da)夫为之。

[疏]“传曰”至“降也”。
  ○释曰:云“父之所不降”者,即《斩章》父为长子是也。云“子亦不敢降”者,於此服期是也。发“何以”传者,馀兄弟相为皆大功,独为適服期,故发问比例之传也。
  ○注“大夫”至“为之”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“大(da)夫(fu)虽尊,不敢降其適(shi),重之(zhi)也”者(zhe),释(shi)传父之(zhi)所不降。云(yun)“適(shi)子(zi)为庶(shu)昆弟”已下,郑(zheng)广明大(da)夫(fu)与(yu)適(shi)子(zi)所降者(zhe),以大(da)夫(fu)適(shi)子(zi)得行大(da)夫(fu)礼,故父子(zi)俱(ju)降庶(shu),庶(shu)又自相降也。如大(da)夫(fu)为之(zhi)皆(jie)大(da)功也。

適孙。

[疏]“適孙”。
  ○释曰:孙(sun)卑於昆弟,故次(ci)之。此(ci)谓適子(zi)死,其適孙(sun)承(cheng)重者,祖为之期。

传曰:何(he)以期也?不敢降其(qi)適(shi)(shi)也。有(you)適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者无適(shi)(shi)孙(sun),孙(sun)妇(fu)亦如(ru)(ru)之。周之道,適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)死则立(li)適(shi)(shi)孙(sun),是(shi)適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)将(jiang)上为(wei)祖后者也。长子(zi)(zi)(zi)在,则皆为(wei)庶孙(sun)耳,孙(sun)妇(fu)亦如(ru)(ru)之。適(shi)(shi)妇(fu)在,亦为(wei)庶孙(sun)之妇(fu)。凡父(fu)於将(jiang)为(wei)后者,非长子(zi)(zi)(zi),皆期也。

[疏]“传曰”至“如之”。
  ○释曰:传云“何以”问比例者,亦为众孙大功,此独期,故发问也。云“有適子者无適孙”者,谓適子在,不得立適孙为后也。云“孙妇亦如之”,亦谓不立之,故云亦如之也。
  ○注“周之”至“期也”。
  ○释曰:云“周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死则(ze)(ze)立(li)適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun),是適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun)将(jiang)上为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)后者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此释祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)孙(sun)(sun)服(fu)(fu)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。言(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),对(dui)殷道(dao)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)然,以其殷道(dao),適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死,弟(di)乃当(dang)先(xian)立(li),故言(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)耳”者(zhe)(zhe),既適(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)得(de)立(li)孙(sun)(sun),明同庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)例。云“凡父於(wu)(wu)将(jiang)为(wei)(wei)后者(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)(fei)长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《丧服(fu)(fu)小(xiao)记(ji)》云:“適(shi)(shi)妇(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)舅(jiu)后者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)功(gong)。”注云:“谓夫有废疾他故,若死而无(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)受重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),小(xiao)功(gong)庶(shu)(shu)妇(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡父母(mu)於(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),舅(jiu)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)妇(fu)(fu),将(jiang)不(bu)(bu)传重(zhong)於(wu)(wu)適(shi)(shi)。及将(jiang)传重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)(fei)適(shi)(shi),服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)如众子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)(shu)妇(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是以郑云凡父母(mu)於(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),舅(jiu)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)妇(fu)(fu),非(fei)(fei)长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)期。明非(fei)(fei)长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妇(fu)(fu)及於(wu)(wu)非(fei)(fei)適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun)传重(zhong),同於(wu)(wu)庶(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun),大功(gong)可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)父斩(zhan)(zhan),父亦为(wei)(wei)斩(zhan)(zhan),適(shi)(shi)孙(sun)(sun)承重(zhong)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)斩(zhan)(zhan),祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)期,不(bu)(bu)报之(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)体,本有三年之(zhi)(zhi)情,故特为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)斩(zhan)(zhan)。祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)孙(sun)(sun)本非(fei)(fei)一(yi)体,但(dan)以报期,故期不(bu)(bu)得(de)斩(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

为(wei)人后者为(wei)其父母,报。

[疏]“为人后者为其父母报”。
  ○释曰:此谓其子(zi)后(hou)人反来为父(fu)母(mu)在者,欲其厚(hou)於(wu)(wu)所后(hou),薄於(wu)(wu)本(ben)(ben)亲,抑之(zhi),故次在孙后(hou)也(ye)。若然(ran),既(ji)为本(ben)(ben)生不降(jiang)斩(zhan),至《禫杖(zhang)章》者,亦是深(shen)抑厚(hou)於(wu)(wu)大宗(zong)也(ye)。言报者,既(ji)深(shen)抑之(zhi),使同本(ben)(ben)疏往来相报之(zhi)法故也(ye)。

传(chuan)曰(yue):何以(yi)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?不(bu)贰斩(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何以(yi)不(bu)贰斩(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?持(chi)重於大(da)宗者,降其小宗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为人后者孰后?后大(da)宗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。曷(he)为后大(da)宗?大(da)宗者,尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禽兽(shou)知(zhi)母而不(bu)知(zhi)父(fu)。野人曰(yue):父(fu)母何筭焉?都邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),则知(zhi)尊(zun)祢矣。大(da)夫及(ji)学士(shi),则知(zhi)尊(zun)祖矣。诸(zhu)侯(hou)及(ji)其大(da)祖,天(tian)子(zi)及(ji)其始祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自出,尊(zun)者尊(zun)统(tong)(tong)上,卑者尊(zun)统(tong)(tong)下。大(da)宗者,尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)宗者,收族(zu)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)可以(yi)绝。故族(zu)人以(yi)支子(zi)后大(da)宗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。適子(zi)不(bu)得(de)后大(da)宗。都邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),则知(zhi)尊(zun)弥,近政化也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)祖,始封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)。始祖者,感神(shen)灵(ling)而生,若稷、契(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自,由也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)始祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由出,谓祭天(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上犹远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下犹近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。收族(zu)者,谓别(bie)(bie)亲疏(shu),序昭穆(mu)。《大(da)传(chuan)》曰(yue):系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)姓(xing)而弗别(bie)(bie),缀(zhui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)食而弗殊,虽百世昏姻(yin)不(bu)通者,周道(dao)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“传曰”至“大宗”。
  ○释曰:问者,本生父母应斩及三年,今乃不杖期,故问比例也。云“不贰斩”者,答辞。又不贰斩者,持重於大宗者,降其小宗,此解不贰斩之意也。此问答虽兼母,专据父,故答以斩而言。案《丧服小记》云:“别子为祖,继别为大宗。”谓若鲁桓公適夫人文姜生大子,名同,后为君,次子庆父、叔牙、季友,此三子谓之别子。别子者,皆以臣道事君,无兄弟相宗之法,与大子有别,又与后世为始,故称别子也。大宗有一,小宗有四。大宗一者,别子之子,適者为诸弟来宗之,即谓之大宗。自此以下,適適相承,谓之百世不迁之宗。五服之内,亲者月筭如邦人,五服之外,皆来宗之,为之齐衰,《齐衰三月章》“为宗子之母妻”是也。小宗有四者,谓大宗之后生者,谓别子之弟。《小记》注云:“别子之世长子兄弟宗之。”第二已下,长者亲弟来宗之,为继祢小宗。更一世长者,非直亲兄弟,又从父昆弟亦来宗之,为继祖小宗。更一世长者,非直亲昆弟,从父昆弟,又有从祖昆弟来宗之,为继曾祖小宗。更一世长者,非直有亲昆弟,从父昆弟,从祖昆弟来宗之,又有从曾祖昆弟来宗之,为继高祖小宗也。更一世绝服,不复来事,以彼自事,五服内继高祖巳下者也。四者皆是小宗,则家家皆有兄弟相事长者之小宗。虽家家尽有小宗,仍世事继高祖已下之小宗也,是以上传云“有馀则归之宗”,亦谓当家之长为小宗者也。云“为人后者孰后,后大宗也”者,此问小宗、大宗二者与何者为后,后大宗也。案何休云“小宗无后当绝”,与此义同也。又云“后大宗者降其小宗”,此则继为人后为父母,父母尚降,明馀皆降也。故《大功章》云“为人后者为其昆弟”,是降小宗之类也。云“曷为后大宗,大宗者,尊之统”者,此问必后大宗,何意也?明宗子尊统领,是以《书传》云:“宗子燕族人於堂,宗妇燕族人於房,序之以昭穆”,既有族食、族燕齿序族人之事,是以须后不可绝也,故云尊之统也。云“禽兽”已下者,因之尊宗子,遂广申尊祖,宗子之事也。云“禽兽知母不知父”者,《尔雅》云:“两足而羽谓之禽,四足而毛谓之兽。”彼对文而言之也。若散文言之,兽亦名禽。禽兽所生,唯知随母,不知随父,是知母不知父。云“野人曰父母何筭焉”者,野人谓若《论语》郑注云“野人粗略”,与都邑之士相对。亦谓国外为野人,野人稍远政化,都邑之士为近政化。《周礼》云“野自六尺”之类者,不知分别父母尊卑也。云“都邑之士则知尊祢”者,士下对野人,上对大夫,则此士所谓在朝之士并在城郭士,民知义礼者,总谓之为士也。云“大夫及学士则知尊祖”者,此学谓乡庠序及国之大学、小学之学士,文王之世子亦云“学士”,虽未有官爵,以其习知四术,闲知六艺,知祖义父仁之礼,故敬父遂尊祖,得与大夫之贵同也。诸侯及其大祖,天子及其始祖,皆是爵尊者,其德所及远之义也。云大宗“收族”已下,谓论大宗立后之意也。云“適子不得后大宗”者,以其自当主家事并承重祭祀之事故也。
  ○注“都邑”至“道然也”。
  ○释曰(yue):都邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)曰(yue)国采(cai)地(di),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)曰(yue)都邑(yi)。故《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·载师》有(you)(you)家邑(yi)、小都、大(da)(da)(da)都,《春秋(qiu)左(zuo)氏》诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)采(cai)地(di),亦(yi)云(yun)邑(yi)曰(yue)筑,都曰(yue)城。散文天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已下(xia)皆(jie)名(ming)都邑(yi),都邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其民(min)近政(zheng)化(hua)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)施政(zheng)化(hua),民(min)无以(yi)(yi)远(yuan)(yuan)近为(wei)(wei)异,但近者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)易化(hua),远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)难感(gan)(gan),故民(min)近政(zheng)化(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)识深,则(ze)知尊父,远(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)化(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)识浅,不(bu)(bu)知父母有(you)(you)尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)始封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·典命(ming)(ming)》云(yun)三公八命(ming)(ming),卿(qing)六命(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)四命(ming)(ming),其爵皆(jie)加(jia)一(yi)等(deng)。加(jia)一(yi)等(deng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),八命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)上公九命(ming)(ming),为(wei)(wei)牧八命(ming)(ming),为(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)七命(ming)(ming),为(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男五(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming),此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)世不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)其庙(miao)(miao)。若(ruo)鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)公,齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)公,卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康叔,郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“始祖(zu)(zu)感(gan)(gan)神灵(ling)而(er)生,若(ruo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)契(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自,由(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)始祖(zu)(zu)所(suo)由(you)出谓(wei)祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)祭所(suo)感(gan)(gan)帝(di),还以(yi)(yi)始祖(zu)(zu)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》云(yun):“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禘其祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自出,以(yi)(yi)其祖(zu)(zu)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)感(gan)(gan)东方青帝(di)灵(ling)威仰所(suo)生,契(qi)感(gan)(gan)北方黑帝(di)汁(zhi)光纪所(suo)生。《易纬》云(yun)“三王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao),一(yi)用夏正(zheng)”。《郊(jiao)(jiao)特牲》云(yun)“兆日於(wu)(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)(jiao),就阳位”,则(ze)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)建寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月祀所(suo)感(gan)(gan)帝(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)(jiao),还以(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)生祖(zu)(zu)配(pei)祭,周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji),殷(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)契(qi)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故郑云(yun)谓(wei)祖(zu)(zu)配(pei)祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)郑注《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》云(yun)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先祖(zu)(zu),皆(jie)感(gan)(gan)大(da)(da)(da)微五(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精以(yi)(yi)生,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)与(yu)契(qi)而(er)已。但后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)感(gan)(gan)青帝(di)所(suo)生,即(ji)《生民(min)》诗云(yun)“履(lv)帝(di)武(wu)敏歆(xin)”,据(ju)郑义(yi),帝(di)喾后(hou)(hou)(hou)世妃(fei)姜(jiang)原(yuan)履(lv)青帝(di)大(da)(da)(da)人迹(ji)而(er)生后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji),殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先母有(you)(you)娀氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女简(jian)狄吞燕卵而(er)生契(qi),此(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)文著,故郑据(ju)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其实帝(di)王(wang)皆(jie)有(you)(you)所(suo)感(gan)(gan)而(er)生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“上犹(you)(you)远(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),下(xia)犹(you)(you)近”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)始祖(zu)(zu),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)及(ji)大(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu),并於(wu)(wu)(wu)亲庙(miao)(miao)外(wai)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)尊统(tong)(tong)(tong)远(yuan)(yuan)。大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)三庙(miao)(miao),適士(shi)(shi)二(er)庙(miao)(miao),中下(xia)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)庙(miao)(miao),是(shi)卑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尊统(tong)(tong)(tong)近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),此(ci)(ci)论大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),而(er)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)、大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)领(ling)百(bai)世而(er)不(bu)(bu)迁,又(you)上祭别(bie)祖(zu)(zu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)易,亦(yi)是(shi)尊统(tong)(tong)(tong)远(yuan)(yuan)。小宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)唯统(tong)(tong)(tong)五(wu)(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,是(shi)尊统(tong)(tong)(tong)近,故传(chuan)言(yan)尊统(tong)(tong)(tong)远(yuan)(yuan)近而(er)云(yun)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),收族(zu),是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)统(tong)(tong)(tong)远(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)彼(bi)称(cheng)姓谓(wei)正(zheng)姓,若(ruo)殷(yin)(yin)于、周(zhou)姬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,缀(zhui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)食(shi)礼(li)(li)相(xiang)连缀(zhui),使不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)疏,若(ruo)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)族(zu)人行族(zu)食(shi)、族(zu)燕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“百(bai)世婚姻不(bu)(bu)通周(zhou)道然(ran)(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对殷(yin)(yin)道则(ze)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran),谓(wei)殷(yin)(yin)家不(bu)(bu)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)姓,但五(wu)(wu)世绝服,以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)庶姓别(bie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上,而(er)戚单於(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia),下(xia)婚姻通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)领(ling)族(zu)人,序以(yi)(yi)昭穆,百(bai)世不(bu)(bu)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)適人(ren)者,为(wei)其(qi)父(fu)母、昆弟之为(wei)父(fu)后者。

[疏]“女子子”至“父后者”。
  ○释曰:女子(zi)(zi)卑於男(nan)子(zi)(zi),故(gu)次(ci)男(nan)子(zi)(zi)后(hou)。

传曰(yue):为父(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)以期也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)贰(er)斩也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)贰(er)斩者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有三(san)从(cong)之(zhi)义,无专用之(zhi)道,故(gu)未嫁从(cong)父(fu)(fu)(fu),既嫁从(cong)夫(fu)(fu),夫(fu)(fu)死从(cong)子(zi)。故(gu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)之(zhi)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),妻(qi)之(zhi)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)贰(er)斩者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),犹(you)曰(yue)不(bu)贰(er)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)能贰(er)尊(zun)也(ye)(ye)。为昆弟(di)之(zhi)为父(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)以亦期也(ye)(ye)?妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虽(sui)(sui)在外,必(bi)有归宗,曰(yue)小宗,故(gu)服期也(ye)(ye)。从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)其教令(ling)。归宗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)(fu)虽(sui)(sui)卒,犹(you)自归宗,其为父(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)持重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)自绝於(wu)其族类也(ye)(ye)。曰(yue)小宗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言是(shi)乃小宗也(ye)(ye),小宗明非一也(ye)(ye),小宗有四。丈夫(fu)(fu)妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)为小宗,各(ge)如其亲之(zhi)服,辟大(da)宗。

[疏]“传曰”至“服期也”。
  ○释曰:经兼言父母,传特问父不问母者,家无二尊,故父在为母期,今出嫁仍期,但不杖禫而已。未多悬绝,故不问女子子在室斩衰三年。今出嫁与母同在不杖麻屦悬绝,故问云“为父何以期也”。“妇人不贰斩也”,答辞。云“妇人不贰斩者何”,更问不贰斩之意也。云“妇人有三从之义”已下,答辞。前《斩章》云为人后,不云丈夫不贰斩,至此女子子云妇人不贰斩者,则丈夫容有贰斩,故有为长子皆斩。又《丧服四制》云:“门内之治,恩揜义,门外之治,义断恩。”至於君父别时而丧,仍得为父申斩,则丈夫有二斩。至於女子子在家为父,出嫁为夫,唯一无二,故特言妇人,是异於男子故也。若然,案《杂记》云:“与诸侯为兄弟者服斩。”是妇人为夫并为君得二斩者,然则此妇人不贰斩者,在家为父斩,出嫁为夫斩,为父期,此其常事。彼为君不可以轻服,服君非常之事,不得决此也。言妇人有三从之义者,欲言不贰斩之意,妇人从人所从,即为之斩。若然,夫死从子,不为子斩者,子为母齐衰,母为子不得过齐衰,故亦不斩也。云“妇人不能二尊”者,欲见不贰斩之义。云曰“小宗故服期”者,欲见大宗子百世不迁,妇人所归,虽不归大宗,宗内丈夫,妇人为之齐衰三月。小宗宗内兄弟父之適长者为之,妇人之所归宗者,归此小宗,遂之期,与大宗别。传恐人疑为大宗,故辨之曰小宗故服期也。
  ○注“从者”至“大宗”。
  ○释曰:归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)父(fu)(fu)(fu)虽卒(zu)犹自归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),知义然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若父(fu)(fu)(fu)母在,嫁女(nv)自当归宁父(fu)(fu)(fu)母,何须归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)。传(chuan)言“妇人(ren)(ren)虽在外必归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”,明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)据父(fu)(fu)(fu)母卒(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)郑据父(fu)(fu)(fu)母卒(zu)而(er)言。若然,天(tian)子(zi)诸侯(hou)夫人(ren)(ren)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母卒(zu),不得归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),以(yi)其人(ren)(ren)君绝(jue)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),故(gu)许穆夫人(ren)(ren)、卫侯(hou)之(zhi)女(nv),父(fu)(fu)(fu)死不得归,赋《载驰》诗是(shi)(shi)(shi)也。云“小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言是(shi)(shi)(shi)乃小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑解(jie)传(chuan)意言“曰小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),传(chuan)重释归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)乃小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也。云“明(ming)非一”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)皆(jie)有(you)也。云“小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)四”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),已於上释。云“丈(zhang)(zhang)夫妇人(ren)(ren)为小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)各如(ru)其亲(qin)之(zhi)服(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓各如(ru)五服(fu)尊卑(bei),服(fu)之(zhi)无所加减。云“避(bi)(bi)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)则齐(qi)衰(shuai)三月,云丈(zhang)(zhang)夫妇人(ren)(ren)五服(fu)外,皆(jie)齐(qi)衰(shuai)三月。五服(fu)内,月筭如(ru)邦人(ren)(ren),亦皆(jie)齐(qi)衰(shuai),无大(da)功、小(xiao)功、緦(si)麻,故(gu)云避(bi)(bi)大(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也。

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