聪(cong)(cong)明睿智(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)也(ye)；动静(jing)思(si)虑(lv)，人也(ye)。人也(ye)者(zhe)，乘(cheng)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)明以(yi)视(shi)(shi)，寄于(yu)天(tian)(tian)聪(cong)(cong)以(yi)听，托(tuo)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)智(zhi)以(yi)思(si)虑(lv)。故视(shi)(shi)强，则(ze)目不(bu)(bu)明；听甚，则(ze)耳(er)不(bu)(bu)聪(cong)(cong)；思(si)虑(lv)过度，则(ze)智(zhi)识(shi)乱。目不(bu)(bu)明，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)决黑白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分；耳(er)不(bu)(bu)聪(cong)(cong)，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)别(bie)清浊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)；智(zhi)识(shi)乱，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)审(shen)得失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。目不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)决黑白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盲；耳(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)别(bie)清浊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聋；心不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)审(shen)得失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狂(kuang)。盲则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)避昼(zhou)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险，聋则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)知雷霆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害，狂(kuang)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)免人间(jian)法(fa)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸。书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)谓(wei)"治(zhi)人"者(zhe)，适动静(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)，省(sheng)思(si)虑(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费也(ye)。所(suo)谓(wei)"事(shi)天(tian)(tian)"者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)极(ji)聪(cong)(cong)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)，不(bu)(bu)尽智(zhi)识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任。苟极(ji)尽，则(ze)费神多(duo)(duo)；费神多(duo)(duo)，则(ze)盲聋悖狂(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸至，是以(yi)啬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。啬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，爱(ai)其精神，啬其智(zhi)识(shi)也(ye)。故曰(yue)："治(zhi)人事(shi)天(tian)(tian)莫如啬。"

听力(li)(li)(li)(li)、视力(li)(li)(li)(li)和智(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)动静(jing)思(si)虑是(shi)人为(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人为(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)指(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)依靠(kao)(kao)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)视力(li)(li)(li)(li)去(qu)看，依靠(kao)(kao)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)听力(li)(li)(li)(li)去(qu)听，依靠(kao)(kao)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)去(qu)思(si)考。所(suo)以(yi)视力(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)得(de)(de)(de)过度，眼睛就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明；听力(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)得(de)(de)(de)过度，耳(er)朵就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling)；思(si)虑过度，智(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)认识功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)混乱。眼睛不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)判(pan)断(duan)黑白(bai)界限；耳(er)朵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)区别清(qing)浊声音；智(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)认识功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)混乱，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)弄清(qing)得(de)(de)(de)失根据。眼睛不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)判(pan)断(duan)黑白(bai)颜色就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)叫做(zuo)盲(mang)，耳(er)朵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)区别清(qing)浊声音就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)叫做(zuo)聋(long)(long)，心智(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)弄清(qing)得(de)(de)(de)失根据就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)叫做(zuo)狂。盲(mang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)躲避(bi)白(bai)天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)险，聋(long)(long)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)知道(dao)雷霆(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害，狂就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)免于社会法令予以(yi)惩罚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灾祸。《老子(zi)》所(suo)说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“治人”，是(shi)说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)适应(ying)动静(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)节(jie)律，节(jie)省(sheng)脑(nao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗。所(suo)说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“事天(tian)(tian)”，是(shi)说(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)尽听力(li)(li)(li)(li)、视力(li)(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)过智(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)认识功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限度。如(ru)果完全用(yong)尽，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会过度费神(shen)；过度费神(shen)，盲(mang)聋(long)(long)狂乱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祸害就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会到来，因此要(yao)(yao)节(jie)省(sheng)。节(jie)省(sheng)是(shi)指(zhi)爱惜精神(shen)，节(jie)省(sheng)脑(nao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。所(suo)以(yi)《老子(zi)》说(shuo)：“治人事天(tian)(tian)没有比得(de)(de)(de)上节(jie)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”

众(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)用神(shen)(shen)浮躁(zao)，浮躁(zao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浪费(fei)，浪费(fei)叫做侈。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)用神(shen)(shen)安静(jing)(jing)，安静(jing)(jing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)少(shao)费(fei)，少(shao)费(fei)叫做音。节(jie)省(sheng)作为一种方法，产生(sheng)于大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)规(gui)(gui)律。能(neng)够节(jie)省(sheng)，也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)从(cong)(cong)于大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)规(gui)(gui)律。众(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遭受灾患(huan)，陷入祸害，仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)知退(tui)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)从(cong)(cong)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)规(gui)(gui)律。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)虽然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)曾看(kan)见祸患(huan)的(de)(de)苗头，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)虚静(jing)(jing)无为地服(fu)(fu)从(cong)(cong)于大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)规(gui)(gui)律，这叫“早服(fu)(fu)”。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)《老(lao)子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“正(zheng)因为圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)节(jie)省(sheng)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)够早服(fu)(fu)。”懂得(de)“治人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，他的(de)(de)思虑(lv)安静(jing)(jing)；懂得(de)“事天”的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，他的(de)(de)器官(guan)畅(chang)通(tong)。思虑(lv)安静(jing)(jing)，旧(jiu)德(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)会丧(sang)失；器官(guan)畅(chang)通(tong)，精(jing)气就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)每天摄入。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)积(ji)德(de)。”能(neng)使旧(jiu)德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失，新的(de)(de)精(jing)每天到(dao)来的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)“早服(fu)(fu)”的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)《老(lao)子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“早服(fu)(fu)，指的(de)(de)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)积(ji)德(de)。”积(ji)德(de)然(ran)后神(shen)(shen)静(jing)(jing)；神(shen)(shen)静(jing)(jing)然(ran)后精(jing)气多；精(jing)气多然(ran)后计谋得(de)当；计谋得(de)当然(ran)后能(neng)驾驭万物；能(neng)驾驭万物，打(da)仗(zhang)(zhang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)容易胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)敌；打(da)仗(zhang)(zhang)容易胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)敌，理论就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)必(bi)然(ran)称(cheng)雄(xiong)于世；理论必(bi)然(ran)称(cheng)雄(xiong)于世，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“无往(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”无往(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)本于不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)积(ji)德(de)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)《老(lao)子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)积(ji)德(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)无往(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”打(da)仗(zhang)(zhang)容易战胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)敌人(ren)(ren)(ren)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会拥(yong)有天下(xia)(xia)；理论必(bi)然(ran)称(cheng)雄(xiong)于世，民众(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会服(fu)(fu)从(cong)(cong)。进可(ke)以(yi)拥(yong)有天下(xia)(xia)，退(tui)可(ke)以(yi)使民众(zhong)服(fu)(fu)从(cong)(cong)，这种法术非常深远，众(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)它的(de)(de)首尾；看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)它的(de)(de)首尾，因此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)知道(dao)它的(de)(de)究底(di)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)《老(lao)子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“无往(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)没有人(ren)(ren)(ren)知道(dao)他的(de)(de)究底(di)。”

凡有(you)国(guo)而后(hou)(hou)亡之，有(you)身(shen)(shen)(shen)而后(hou)(hou)殃(yang)之，不(bu)可谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)、能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)。夫(fu)能(neng)(neng)有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)安其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社(she)稷(ji)；能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)终其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天年；而后(hou)(hou)可谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)、能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)矣。夫(fu)能(neng)(neng)有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)、保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)且(qie)体(ti)道。体(ti)道，则其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智深；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智深，则其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)会远(yuan)；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)会远(yuan)，众人(ren)(ren)莫(mo)(mo)能(neng)(neng)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所极(ji)。唯夫(fu)能(neng)(neng)令人(ren)(ren)不(bu)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事极(ji)，不(bu)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事极(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)为保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)、有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)。故曰："莫(mo)(mo)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)极(ji)。莫(mo)(mo)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)极(ji)，则可以有(you)国(guo)。"

凡拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家然(ran)后却(que)丢(diu)掉了(le)(le)的(de)(de)，拥有(you)(you)(you)身(shen)(shen)体然(ran)后却(que)伤害了(le)(le)的(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)好(hao)说(shuo)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家、能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)身(shen)(shen)体。能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)人(ren)，一(yi)定(ding)能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)安定(ding)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家；能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)身(shen)(shen)体的(de)(de)人(ren)，一(yi)定(ding)能(neng)(neng)够(gou)(gou)(gou)享尽天年；然(ran)后才好(hao)说(shuo)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家、能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)身(shen)(shen)体了(le)(le)。能(neng)(neng)拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家、保(bao)(bao)全(quan)身(shen)(shen)体的(de)(de)人(ren)，一(yi)定(ding)会按照根(gen)本规(gui)律行(xing)动。按照根(gen)本规(gui)律行(xing)动，他的(de)(de)智慧(hui)就一(yi)定(ding)很(hen)(hen)深(shen)；智慧(hui)很(hen)(hen)深(shen)了(le)(le)，他的(de)(de)计谋就一(yi)定(ding)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)超；计谋很(hen)(hen)高(gao)超，一(yi)般人(ren)没有(you)(you)(you)谁能(neng)(neng)看到他的(de)(de)究底(di)(di)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)那种(zhong)能(neng)(neng)让人(ren)看不(bu)(bu)到究底(di)(di)的(de)(de)人(ren)，也(ye)才能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)身(shen)(shen)体、拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家。所以《老子》说(shuo)：“没有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)知道(dao)他的(de)(de)究底(di)(di)。”“没有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)知道(dao)他的(de)(de)究底(di)(di)，就可以拥有(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家了(le)(le)。”

所(suo)谓"有(you)国(guo)之母"：母者，道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者，生(sheng)于所(suo)以(yi)(yi)有(you)国(guo)之术(shu)；所(suo)以(yi)(yi)有(you)国(guo)之术(shu)，故(gu)谓之"有(you)国(guo)之母。"夫道(dao)以(yi)(yi)与世周旋者，其建(jian)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)长，持(chi)(chi)禄(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)久(jiu)(jiu)。故(gu)曰："有(you)国(guo)之母，可以(yi)(yi)长久(jiu)(jiu)。"树木有(you)曼(man)根(gen)，有(you)直根(gen)。直根(gen)者，书之所(suo)谓"柢"也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。柢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者，木之所(suo)以(yi)(yi)建(jian)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；曼(man)根(gen)者，木之所(suo)以(yi)(yi)持(chi)(chi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者，人之所(suo)以(yi)(yi)建(jian)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；禄(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者，人之所(suo)以(yi)(yi)持(chi)(chi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今建(jian)于理者，其持(chi)(chi)禄(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)久(jiu)(jiu)，故(gu)曰："深(shen)其根(gen)。"体其道(dao)者，其生(sheng)日长，故(gu)曰："固(gu)其柢。"柢固(gu)，则生(sheng)长；根(gen)深(shen)，则视(shi)久(jiu)(jiu)，故(gu)曰："深(shen)其根(gen)，固(gu)其柢，长生(sheng)久(jiu)(jiu)视(shi)之道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"

所(suo)谓“有(you)国(guo)之母”。母，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)；道(dao)产生(sheng)于来(lai)保(bao)有(you)国(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法；因为是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)有(you)国(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，所(suo)以(yi)叫做“有(you)国(guo)之母”，即“保(bao)有(you)国(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)本(ben)”。用道(dao)来(lai)对待(dai)世事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)长(zhang)(zhang)久，保(bao)持(chi)禄(lu)位就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)久远。所(suo)以(yi)《老子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)：“有(you)国(guo)之母，可以(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)久。”树(shu)(shu)木有(you)蔓(man)(man)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)，有(you)主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)。主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《老子(zi)》所(suo)说(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“抵(di)”。抵(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)树(shu)(shu)木赖以(yi)生(sheng)长(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立者(zhe)(zhe)，蔓(man)(man)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)树(shu)(shu)木赖以(yi)生(sheng)长(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)。德是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人类(lei)赖以(yi)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立者(zhe)(zhe)，禄(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人类(lei)赖以(yi)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)。假如能(neng)立于事(shi)理，那么他持(chi)禄(lu)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)长(zhang)(zhang)久，所(suo)以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)“加(jia)深它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)”。能(neng)按照(zhao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)本(ben)规律(lv)办事(shi)，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)长(zhang)(zhang)久，所(suo)以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)“巩(gong)(gong)固(gu)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)”。主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)巩(gong)(gong)固(gu)了“，生(sheng)命(ming)就(jiu)(jiu)长(zhang)(zhang)久；蔓(man)(man)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)加(jia)深了，生(sheng)活(huo)就(jiu)(jiu)长(zhang)(zhang)久，所(suo)以(yi)《老子(zi)》说(shuo)(shuo)：“加(jia)深它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)，巩(gong)(gong)固(gu)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)久存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理。”

工人(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)变(bian)业则(ze)(ze)失其(qi)功，作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)(shu)摇徙则(ze)(ze)亡(wang)其(qi)功。一人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)亡(wang)半(ban)(ban)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，十日(ri)(ri)(ri)则(ze)(ze)亡(wang)五人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)功矣(yi)；万(wan)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)亡(wang)半(ban)(ban)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，十日(ri)(ri)(ri)则(ze)(ze)亡(wang)五万(wan)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)功矣(yi)。然则(ze)(ze)数(shu)(shu)变(bian)业者(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)人(ren)(ren)弥众，其(qi)亏弥大矣(yi)。凡法(fa)令更则(ze)(ze)利害(hai)易，利害(hai)易则(ze)(ze)民(min)务变(bian)，民(min)务变(bian)谓之(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)业。故以理观之(zhi)(zhi)，事(shi)大众而(er)(er)(er)数(shu)(shu)摇之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)少(shao)成功；藏大器而(er)(er)(er)数(shu)(shu)徙之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)多(duo)败(bai)伤(shang)；烹(peng)小鲜而(er)(er)(er)数(shu)(shu)挠(nao)之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)贼(zei)其(qi)宰(zai)；治大国而(er)(er)(er)数(shu)(shu)变(bian)法(fa)，则(ze)(ze)民(min)苦(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)。是以有道之(zhi)(zhi)君贵(gui)静，不(bu)重变(bian)法(fa)。故曰："治大国者(zhe)(zhe)若烹(peng)小鲜。"

工人(ren)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)变(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)职业(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效，劳作(zuo)者屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)变(bian)(bian)(bian)动(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效。一个人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)劳作(zuo)，一天(tian)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)半天(tian)，十天(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)五(wu)个人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效了(le)；一万(wan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)劳作(zuo)，一天(tian)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)半天(tian)，十天(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)丢(diu)(diu)失(shi)五(wu)万(wan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效了(le)。既然如此，那么(me)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)变(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)作(zuo)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，人(ren)数越(yue)(yue)多，损失(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。凡是法令(ling)变(bian)(bian)(bian)更了(le)，利害(hai)情况也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)跟着(zhe)改变(bian)(bian)(bian)；利害(hai)情况改变(bian)(bian)(bian)了(le)，民众从事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)业(ye)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)跟着(zhe)变(bian)(bian)(bian)化；从事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)业(ye)有了(le)变(bian)(bian)(bian)化，就(jiu)(jiu)叫做(zuo)变(bian)(bian)(bian)换(huan)作(zuo)业(ye)。所以(yi)(yi)按照道理(li)(li)来看，役使大(da)(da)众而(er)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)让他们发生(sheng)变(bian)(bian)(bian)动(dong)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)效就(jiu)(jiu)会很小(xiao)；收藏贵(gui)重器物而(er)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)加以(yi)(yi)挪动(dong)，损毁(hui)就(jiu)(jiu)会很大(da)(da)；烹(peng)煮小(xiao)鱼而(er)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)加以(yi)(yi)翻(fan)动(dong)，就(jiu)(jiu)伤(shang)害(hai)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光泽；治(zhi)理(li)(li)大(da)(da)国而(er)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)屡(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)改动(dong)法令(ling)，百(bai)姓就(jiu)(jiu)会受到坑害(hai)。因此懂得(de)治(zhi)国原则的(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主把(ba)安定(ding)看得(de)很宝贵(gui)，法令(ling)确定(ding)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，一再轻易变(bian)(bian)(bian)更。所以(yi)(yi)《老子》说：“治(zhi)理(li)(li)大(da)(da)国就(jiu)(jiu)像(xiang)烹(peng)煮小(xiao)鱼一样(yang)。”

人(ren)(ren)(ren)处疾则(ze)(ze)贵医，有(you)祸则(ze)(ze)畏鬼(gui)。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)在上(shang)，则(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)少欲；民(min)(min)(min)少欲，则(ze)(ze)血气(qi)治(zhi)而(er)举动(dong)理；举动(dong)理则(ze)(ze)少祸害。夫内(nei)(nei)无痤(cuo)疽瘅痔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害，而(er)外无刑罚(fa)法(fa)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸者(zhe)，其(qi)轻(qing)恬鬼(gui)也(ye)(ye)甚。故(gu)曰(yue)："以道莅天下，其(qi)鬼(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)神。"治(zhi)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)鬼(gui)神相(xiang)(xiang)害也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)曰(yue)："非(fei)其(qi)鬼(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)神也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。"鬼(gui)祟也(ye)(ye)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓鬼(gui)伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)逐除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓人(ren)(ren)(ren)伤(shang)鬼(gui)也(ye)(ye)。民(min)(min)(min)犯(fan)法(fa)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓民(min)(min)(min)伤(shang)上(shang)，上(shang)刑戮民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓上(shang)伤(shang)民(min)(min)(min)。民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)犯(fan)法(fa)，则(ze)(ze)上(shang)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行刑；上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)曰(yue)："圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)民(min)(min)(min)。"上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)民(min)(min)(min)相(xiang)(xiang)害，而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)鬼(gui)相(xiang)(xiang)伤(shang)，故(gu)曰(yue)："两不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)伤(shang)。"民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢犯(fan)法(fa)，则(ze)(ze)上(shang)内(nei)(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用刑罚(fa)，而(er)外不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事利其(qi)产业。上(shang)内(nei)(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用刑罚(fa)，而(er)外不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事利其(qi)产业，则(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)蕃息(xi)。民(min)(min)(min)蕃息(xi)而(er)畜积(ji)盛(sheng)。民(min)(min)(min)蕃息(xi)而(er)畜积(ji)盛(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓有(you)德。凡所谓祟者(zhe)，魂魄(po)去而(er)精神乱，精神乱则(ze)(ze)无德。鬼(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祟人(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)魂魄(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去，魂魄(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去而(er)精神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乱，精神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓有(you)德。上(shang)盛(sheng)畜积(ji)而(er)鬼(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乱其(qi)精神，则(ze)(ze)德尽在于民(min)(min)(min)矣。故(gu)曰(yue)："两不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)伤(shang)，则(ze)(ze)德交归焉(yan)。"言其(qi)德上(shang)下交盛(sheng)而(er)俱归于民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)。

人(ren)(ren)在生病(bing)时就(jiu)尊重医(yi)生，遇有祸(huo)患时就(jiu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)怕鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)。圣人(ren)(ren)在上，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)欲望(wang)就(jiu)少；民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)欲望(wang)少，血气就(jiu)调畅(chang)，举动就(jiu)合(he)理。举动合(he)理，祸(huo)害(hai)(hai)(hai)就(jiu)少。体内(nei)(nei)没(mei)有痤(cuo)疽瘅(dan)痔等疾病(bing)的(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，身外(wai)没(mei)有刑(xing)罚诛戮(lu)的(de)(de)祸(huo)患，这样(yang)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)会(hui)把鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)看得很轻淡。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)《老(lao)(lao)子》说(shuo)：“按照法(fa)则治理天下(xia)，鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling)了(le)。”安定社(she)会(hui)里的(de)(de)百姓(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)和鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)《老(lao)(lao)子》说(shuo)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)说(shuo)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling)了(le)，是(shi)说(shuo)即使灵(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)人(ren)(ren)。”鬼(gui)(gui)作怪(guai)使人(ren)(ren)生病(bing)叫做鬼(gui)(gui)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)驱逐鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)叫做人(ren)(ren)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)鬼(gui)(gui)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)违(wei)犯法(fa)令叫做民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)刑(xing)戮(lu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫做君(jun)(jun)(jun)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)犯法(fa)，则君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行刑(xing)；君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行刑(xing)叫做君(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)《老(lao)(lao)子》说(shuo)：“圣人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)与民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，而(er)人(ren)(ren)们(men)与鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)说(shuo)“两方面(mian)互(hu)(hu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)。”民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢犯法(fa)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)对内(nei)(nei)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)刑(xing)罚；对外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从事于(yu)贪(tan)(tan)占(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)财物。君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)对内(nei)(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)刑(xing)罚，对外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从事于(yu)贪(tan)(tan)占(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)财物，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)生息兴旺。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生息兴旺，积(ji)蓄就(jiu)会(hui)丰(feng)富(fu)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生息兴旺，积(ji)蓄丰(feng)富(fu)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)叫做有德(de)。凡是(shi)所(suo)谓鬼(gui)(gui)怪(guai)作祟，就(jiu)是(shi)丧魂(hun)落(luo)魄(po)而(er)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)错乱。精(jing)神(shen)(shen)错乱便(bian)属(shu)于(yu)无德(de)。鬼(gui)(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作怪(guai)则魂(hun)魄(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)丧，魂(hun)魄(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)丧则精(jing)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)乱，精(jing)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)乱便(bian)属(shu)于(yu)有德(de)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蓄积(ji)丰(feng)富(fu)，鬼(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)来(lai)扰乱民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)，那(nei)么德(de)都(dou)在民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中了(le)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)《老(lao)(lao)子》说(shuo)：“君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)、鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)加害(hai)(hai)(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，那(nei)么德(de)就(jiu)殊途同归(gui)了(le)。”即是(shi)说(shuo)，上下(xia)两方面(mian)的(de)(de)德(de)一(yi)齐兴盛起(qi)来(lai)而(er)同归(gui)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

 3/5   爱上海 上一页 1 2 3 4 5 下一页 尾页