赵简主出税者,吏请轻重。简主曰:“勿轻勿重。重,则利入于上;若轻,则利归于民。束无私利而正矣。”薄疑调赵简主曰:“君之国中饱。”简主欣然而喜曰:“何如焉?”对曰:“府库空虚于上,百姓贫饿于下,然而奸吏富矣。”
赵简(jian)子(zi)派出收(shou)税(shui)(shui)(shui)的官吏(li)(li)(li),官吏(li)(li)(li)请示收(shou)税(shui)(shui)(shui)标准的高低。赵简(jian)子(zi)说(shuo):“要(yao)不(bu)轻(qing)不(bu)重。税(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)重了,利就归于国家;轻(qing)了,利就归于民(min)众。官吏(li)(li)(li)从中捞不(bu)到私利,轻(qing)重就适中了。” 薄疑对赵简(jian)子(zi)说(shuo):“您的国家中间(jian)富(fu)足。”简(jian)子(zi)高兴地(di)说(shuo):“怎么呢?”薄疑回答说(shuo):“上面财库(ku)粮仓空(kong)虚(xu)匮乏,下面平民(min)百姓(xing)贫穷饥饿,但是处在中间(jian)的奸吏(li)(li)(li)富(fu)足了。”
齐桓公(gong)(gong)微服以巡民(min)家,人有(you)年老(lao)而(er)(er)自养者(zhe),桓公(gong)(gong)问其故。对日:“臣有(you)子三人,家贫无以妻之(zhi)(zhi),佣未反。”桓公(gong)(gong)归,以告管仲。管仲曰:“畜积有(you)腐(fu)弃之(zhi)(zhi)财(cai),则人饥(ji)饿;宫中有(you)怨(yuan)女(nv),则民(min)无妻。”桓公(gong)(gong)曰:“善。”乃论(lun)宫中有(you)妇人而(er)(er)嫁(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)。下令于民(min)日:“丈夫二十而(er)(er)室,妇人十五而(er)(er)嫁(jia)。”
齐桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)微服出访百姓(xing)家(jia),有(you)(you)一个年老(lao)而自(zi)己料理生活的人(ren),桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)问他(ta)什么缘故。老(lao)人(ren)回答说(shuo):“我有(you)(you)三个儿子(zi)(zi),家(jia)里穷,无法为他(ta)们(men)(men)娶(qu)(qu)妻(qi),出去(qu)当雇工还没有(you)(you)回来。”桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)回到宫(gong)里,把这(zhei)件事告诉管仲。管仲说(shuo);“朝(chao)廷积蓄中有(you)(you)腐败的财物(wu),民众就得挨饿;宫(gong)中有(you)(you)年长而不能及(ji)时出嫁的女子(zi)(zi),民众就娶(qu)(qu)不到妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)。”桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)说(shuo):“对。”就考察宫(gong)中有(you)(you)未婚的女子(zi)(zi)让她们(men)(men)出嫁。对百姓(xing)下令道:“男子(zi)(zi)二十(shi)岁(sui)娶(qu)(qu)妻(qi),女子(zi)(zi)十(shi)五岁(sui)嫁人(ren)。”
一曰(yue)(yue)(yue):桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)微服而(er)(er)行于(yu)民间(jian),有(you)鹿门(men)稷(ji)者(zhe),行年七十(shi)而(er)(er)无(wu)妻。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)问管仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)民老而(er)(er)无(wu)妻者(zhe)平?”管仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)鹿门(men)稷(ji)者(zhe),行年七十(shi)矣而(er)(er)无(wu)妻。”桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“何以令(ling)之(zhi)有(you)妻?”管仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣闻之(zhi):上有(you)积财,则民臣必匾乏于(yu)下;宫(gong)中(zhong)有(you)怨女,则有(you)老而(er)(er)无(wu)妻者(zhe)。”桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“善。”令(ling)于(yu)宫(gong)中(zhong)“女子(zi)未尝御出(chu)嫁(jia)之(zhi)”。乃令(ling)男子(zi)年二十(shi)而(er)(er)室,女年十(shi)五而(er)(er)嫁(jia)。则内(nei)无(wu)怨女,外无(wu)旷夫。
另一(yi)(yi)种说(shuo)法(fa):齐桓(huan)(huan)公微服出(chu)(chu)访民间,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)叫(jiao)鹿门稷的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),年(nian)(nian)(nian)已七十而没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)妻(qi)子(zi)。桓(huan)(huan)公问管仲说(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)老而没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)妻(qi)子(zi)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)吗?”管仲说(shuo);“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)个(ge)叫(jiao)鹿门稷的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),年(nian)(nian)(nian)已七十了,却没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)妻(qi)子(zi)。”桓(huan)(huan)公说(shuo):“怎(zen)样才能让(rang)(rang)他有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)妻(qi)子(zi)?”管仲说(shuo):“我(wo)听(ting)说(shuo):君(jun)主有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)积蓄财物,臣民在下(xia)面(mian)就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)定穷困(kun)匮乏(fa);宫中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)长(zhang)而不能及时出(chu)(chu)嫁的(de)女子(zi),就(jiu)会有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)老而没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)妻(qi)子(zi)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”桓(huan)(huan)公说(shuo):“对。”于是下(xia)令(ling)宫中,让(rang)(rang)君(jun)主没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)临幸(xing)过的(de)女子(zi)出(chu)(chu)嫁。然(ran)后下(xia)令(ling),男子(zi)二(er)十娶(qu)妻(qi),女子(zi)十五(wu)出(chu)(chu)嫁。这样宫内就(jiu)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)长(zhang)而不及时出(chu)(chu)嫁的(de)女子(zi),宫外也没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)无妻(qi)的(de)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)男子(zi)。
延(yan)陵卓子乘苍龙(long)挑文之乘,钩饰在(zai)前(qian),错(cuo)錣在(zai)后(hou)。马欲进则(ze)钩饰禁之,欲退则(ze)错(cuo)錣贯之,马因旁出。造父(fu)过而为之泣涕,曰:“古(gu)之治人亦然矣(yi)。夫(fu)赏所以(yi)劝之,而毁存焉(yan);罚(fa)所以(yi)禁之,而誉(yu)加(jia)焉(yan)。民(min)中立而不知所由,此亦圣人之所为泣也。”
延陵卓子(zi)(zi)乘坐的车子(zi)(zi)由名为“苍龙”“挑文”的马(ma)拉(la),马(ma)身(shen)装饰华贵(gui),前(qian)有(you)(you)钩、勒(le)等(deng)物,后(hou)有(you)(you)上了(le)针的鞭子(zi)(zi)。马(ma)想(xiang)前(qian)进,就(jiu)会碰(peng)到钩、勒(le)禁止,马(ma)想(xiang)后(hou)退就(jiu)有(you)(you)鞭针戳刺,于是(shi)马(ma)就(jiu)往斜里乱跑。造父路(lu)过(guo)时(shi)看(kan)到了(le),为马(ma)哭(ku)泣(qi)说:“古时(shi)治人(ren)也(ye)是(shi)这(zhei)样。赏(shang)赐是(shi)用(yong)来(lai)勉励立(li)功的,但毁谤也(ye)夹杂在里面;刑罚是(shi)用(yong)来(lai)禁止犯罪的,但赞美却也(ye)夹杂在里面。人(ren)们只好(hao)呆(dai)着不动,不知所(suo)措。这(zhei)也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)为之哭(ku)泣(qi)的原因。”
一曰:延(yan)陵卓子乘苍(cang)龙与翟文之(zhi)(zhi)乘,前(qian)则(ze)有错(cuo)饰,后(hou)则(ze)有利鎚,进(jin)则(ze)引之(zhi)(zhi),退则(ze)策(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)。马前(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得进(jin),后(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得退,遂(sui)避而(er)(er)逸,因下抽刀而(er)(er)刎其脚。造父见之(zhi)(zhi),泣,终日不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食,因仰天(tian)而(er)(er)叹曰:“策(ce)(ce),所以(yi)(yi)进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),错(cuo)饰在(zai)前(qian);引,所以(yi)(yi)退之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),利錣在(zai)后(hou)。今(jin)人主(zhu)以(yi)(yi)其清洁也(ye)进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)适(shi)左(zuo)右也(ye)退之(zhi)(zhi);以(yi)(yi)其公(gong)正也(ye)誉之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听(ting)从也(ye)废之(zhi)(zhi)。民(min)惧,中立(li)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知所由(you),此圣人之(zhi)(zhi)所为泣也(ye)。”
另一种说法:延陵卓子乘坐的(de)(de)车(che)子由名为(wei)“苍龙”和(he)“翟文”的(de)(de)马(ma)(ma)拉,马(ma)(ma)装扮得十分华贵,前(qian)(qian)面有(you)交错的(de)(de)钩、勒(le)等饰(shi)物,后(hou)面有(you)锋利的(de)(de)鞭(bian)针(zhen)。马(ma)(ma)前(qian)(qian)进时就(jiu)向后(hou)紧拉,马(ma)(ma)后(hou)退(tui)(tui)就(jiu)用(yong)鞭(bian)抽(chou)(chou)打。马(ma)(ma)前(qian)(qian)不(bu)能进,后(hou)不(bu)能退(tui)(tui),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)就(jiu)避开前(qian)(qian)后(hou)而(er)(er)乱跑,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)卓子就(jiu)下车(che)抽(chou)(chou)刀砍断(duan)了马(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)腿。造父看见了,流泪不(bu)止(zhi),整天不(bu)吃饭,仰天叹息说:“马(ma)(ma)鞭(bian)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)来(lai)让马(ma)(ma)前(qian)(qian)进的(de)(de),钩勒(le)却(que)又在(zai)前(qian)(qian);缰绳是(shi)(shi)用(yong)来(lai)让马(ma)(ma)后(hou)退(tui)(tui)的(de)(de),鞭(bian)针(zhen)却(que)又在(zai)后(hou)。现在(zai)君主因(yin)为(wei)臣下廉洁而(er)(er)加(jia)以任(ren)用(yong),却(que)又因(yin)为(wei)他(ta)不(bu)迎合身边亲信(xin)而(er)(er)予以辞(ci)退(tui)(tui);因(yin)为(wei)他(ta)公正(zheng)而(er)(er)加(jia)以称(cheng)赞,却(que)又因(yin)为(wei)他(ta)不(bu)听从(cong)旨意而(er)(er)予以废黜。人们因(yin)此而(er)(er)害怕,站着不(bu)动,不(bu)知所措。这也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)圣人为(wei)之哭泣(qi)的(de)(de)原因(yin)。”