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韩非子·外储说右上原文与翻译

[移动版] 作者:佚名

太(tai)公望(wang)东(dong)封于齐,齐东(dong)海上(shang)有居士曰(yue)狂矞、华(hua)士昆(kun)弟(di)二人(ren)者立(li)议(yi)曰(yue):“吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)天(tian)(tian)子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸侯,耕(geng)作而(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)井而(er)(er)饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾无求于人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,无君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄(lu)(lu)(lu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事仕(shi)而(er)(er)事力。”太(tai)公望(wang)至(zhi)于营丘,使吏执而(er)(er)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)首诛。周公旦(dan)从鲁(lu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),发急传而(er)(er)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“夫(fu)二子(zi),贤(xian)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)日飨(xiang)国而(er)(er)杀贤(xian)者,何也(ye)(ye)(ye)?”太(tai)公望(wang)曰(yue):“是(shi)(shi)昆(kun)弟(di)二人(ren)立(li)议(yi)曰(yue):'吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)天(tian)(tian)子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸侯,耕(geng)作而(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)井而(er)(er)饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾无求于人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,无君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄(lu)(lu)(lu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事仕(shi)而(er)(er)事力。'彼不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)者,是(shi)(shi)望(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友(you)诸侯者,是(shi)(shi)望(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)使也(ye)(ye)(ye);耕(geng)作而(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),掘(jue)井而(er)(er)饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无求于人(ren)者,是(shi)(shi)望(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赏罚(fa)(fa)劝禁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。且无上(shang)名,虽知,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)望(wang)用(yong);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仰君(jun)禄(lu)(lu)(lu),虽贤(xian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)望(wang)功。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仕(shi),则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治(zhi);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)任,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠。且先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使其(qi)臣(chen)民者,非(fei)(fei)爵禄(lu)(lu)(lu)则刑罚(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)四(si)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则望(wang)当谁为(wei)(wei)君(jun)乎?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服兵革而(er)(er)显,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亲耕(geng)耨而(er)(er)名,又非(fei)(fei)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教于国也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)有马于此,如骥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状者,天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)良也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)驱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)前(qian),却之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi),左之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)左,右(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)右(you),则臧(zang)获(huo)(huo)虽贱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)托(tuo)(tuo)其(qi)足(zu)。臧(zang)获(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所愿(yuan)托(tuo)(tuo)其(qi)足(zu)于骥(ji)(ji)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)骥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)追利辟害也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)用(yong),臧(zang)获(huo)(huo)虽贱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)托(tuo)(tuo)其(qi)足(zu)焉。已自谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)士,而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)主用(yong),行极贤(xian)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)于君(jun),此非(fei)(fei)明主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye),亦骥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可左右(you)矣,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”

姜太(tai)公(gong)受(shou)(shou)封于(yu)东(dong)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齐国(guo)(guo),齐国(guo)(guo)东(dong)海边(bian)上(shang)(shang)有(you)兄(xiong)弟(di)二人,名叫狂禖、华士(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)隐居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)人,他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)确(que)定(ding)为(wei)(wei)(wei)人宗旨说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交结(jie)诸侯(hou)。靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己耕作(zuo)吃(chi)(chi)饭,靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己挖(wa)井(jing)喝水(shui),我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)无(wu)求于(yu)人。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名声,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)做(zuo)官忙(mang)碌而(er)(er)要(yao)从事体(ti)力(li)劳(lao)动。”姜太(tai)公(gong)到(dao)(dao)了(le)齐都营丘(qiu),派(pai)(pai)官吏捕(bu)杀(sha)了(le)他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men),作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)先问斩(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)对(dui)象。周公(gong)旦(dan)在(zai)鲁国(guo)(guo)听到(dao)(dao)这(zhei)件事后,派(pai)(pai)出紧急(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)传信(xin)专(zhuan)车前往,向姜太(tai)公(gong)询问说(shuo)(shuo);“这(zhei)两(liang)位是(shi)(shi)贤士(shi)(shi)。现在(zai)您(nin)有(you)了(le)封国(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)杀(sha)了(le)贤士(shi)(shi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)什么(me)?”姜太(tai)公(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“这(zhei)兄(xiong)弟(di)两(liang)个确(que)定(ding)为(wei)(wei)(wei)人宗旨说(shuo)(shuo);‘我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交结(jie)诸侯(hou)。靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己耕作(zuo)吃(chi)(chi)饭,靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己挖(wa)井(jing)喝水(shui),我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)无(wu)求于(yu)人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名声,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)做(zuo)官忙(mang)碌而(er)(er)要(yao)从事体(ti)力(li)劳(lao)动。’他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣服天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua),那我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能把他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)看作(zuo)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)了(le);他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)结(jie)交诸侯(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua),那我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能派(pai)(pai)他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)出使(shi)(shi)了(le);靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己耕作(zuo)吃(chi)(chi)饭,靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)己挖(wa)井(jing)喝水(shui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求助于(yu)别(bie)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua),那我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能用(yong)(yong)赏罚来勉厉和约束他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)。况且他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名位,即使(shi)(shi)聪明(ming)(ming)(ming),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)所用(yong)(yong);他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仰望君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)授予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俸(feng)禄(lu),即使(shi)(shi)贤明(ming)(ming)(ming),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)立功。他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿意做(zuo)官就(jiu)(jiu)无(wu)法管教(jiao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接受(shou)(shou)任用(yong)(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)对(dui)上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠(zhong)。再说(shuo)(shuo)先王之所以(yi)(yi)(yi)能驱使(shi)(shi)臣民,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)依(yi)靠(kao)爵禄(lu),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)依(yi)靠(kao)刑罚。现在(zai)爵、禄(lu)、刑、罚都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)驱使(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men),那么(me)我(wo)(wo)将做(zuo)谁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)呢?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打仗(zhang)立功而(er)(er)显贵,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耕田种地而(er)(er)扬名,这(zhei)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)来教(jiao)化(hua)国(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)办法。假如有(you)匹马在(zai)这(zhei)儿,像良(liang)马的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)样(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)天(tian)下最(zui)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)马。但驱赶(gan)它(ta)(ta),它(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)前;制止它(ta)(ta),它(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停步;叫它(ta)(ta)左,它(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)左;叫它(ta)(ta)右,它(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)右;那么(me)奴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)虽然低(di)贱,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)托(tuo)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脚力(li)。奴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)之所以(yi)(yi)(yi)希望把脚力(li)寄托(tuo)在(zai)良(liang)马身(shen)上(shang)(shang),是(shi)(shi)因为(wei)(wei)(wei)依(yi)托(tuo)良(liang)马可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)利益(yi),避免危(wei)害。现在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou)(shou)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支配,奴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)虽然低(di)贱,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)托(tuo)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脚力(li)了(le)。这(zhei)样(yang),他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)世上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贤士(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)所用(yong)(yong),自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)行为(wei)(wei)(wei)好到(dao)(dao)了(le)极(ji)点,而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)卖力(li),这(zhei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)君(jun)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)像良(liang)马不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)唤一样(yang)。因此,我(wo)(wo)要(yao)杀(sha)掉他(ta)(ta)们(men)(men)。”

一曰(yue):太(tai)公(gong)望(wang)(wang)东封(feng)于齐。海上有(you)贤者(zhe)狂(kuang)矞(yu)(yu),太(tai)公(gong)望(wang)(wang)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),往请焉,三却马于门而(er)狂(kuang)矞(yu)(yu)不报见也(ye),太(tai)公(gong)望(wang)(wang)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。当(dang)是(shi)时也(ye),周(zhou)公(gong)旦在(zai)鲁,驰往止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);比至(zhi),已(yi)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。周(zhou)公(gong)旦曰(yue):狂(kuang)矞(yu)(yu),天下贤者(zhe)也(ye),夫(fu)子(zi)何为(wei)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”太(tai)公(gong)望(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“狂(kuang)矞(yu)(yu)也(ye)议不臣天子(zi),不友诸候,吾恐其乱法易教也(ye),故以为(wei)首诛。今有(you)马于此,形容似骥(ji)也(ye),然驱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不往,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不前,虽臧获(huo)不托(tuo)足于其轸也(ye)。”

另一(yi)种说(shuo)法:姜(jiang)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)被封在(zai)东方的齐国(guo)。东海边有(you)(you)个贤士叫狂(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)禖(mei)(mei),姜(jiang)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)听说(shuo)后,前(qian)去(qu)登门求见,三次在(zai)门前(qian)停(ting)下马(ma)车,狂(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)都(dou)不答应(ying)见面。姜(jiang)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)将处死(si)他。当此之(zhi)时,周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)在(zai)鲁国(guo),驾车前(qian)去(qu)制止。等赶到(dao)齐地,姜(jiang)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)已杀了狂(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)棋。周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)说(shuo):“狂(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)是天下的贤士,您(nin)为(wei)什么要杀他?”姜(jiang)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)说(shuo):“狂(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)禖(mei)(mei)主张不臣服(fu)天子(zi)(zi),不交(jiao)结诸侯,我伯(bo)他扰乱法度改变教令,所以拿他作(zuo)第一(yi)个问斩的对象。假如有(you)(you)一(yi)匹(pi)马(ma)在(zai)这里,样子(zi)(zi)很像(xiang)良马(ma),但是赶了它(ta)不走动(dong),拉了它(ta)不前(qian)进,即使是奴仆也不会把脚力(li)寄托在(zai)它(ta)拉的车子(zi)(zi)。”

如(ru)耳(er)说(shuo)卫嗣公,卫嗣公说(shuo)而(er)(er)(er)太(tai)息。左右曰:“公何为不相(xiang)也(ye)(ye)?”公曰:“夫马(ma)似鹿者(zhe),而(er)(er)(er)题之(zhi)千(qian)金(jin)。然而(er)(er)(er)有(you)百金(jin)之(zhi)马(ma)而(er)(er)(er)无千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)鹿者(zhe),何也(ye)(ye)?马(ma)为人用(yong)而(er)(er)(er)鹿不为人用(yong)也(ye)(ye)。今如(ru)耳(er)万乘之(zhi)相(xiang)也(ye)(ye),外有(you)大国(guo)之(zhi)意(yi),其心不在卫,虽辩知,亦不为寡人用(yong),吾(wu)是(shi)以不相(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。”

如(ru)耳(er)游说卫(wei)(wei)嗣公(gong)(gong),卫(wei)(wei)嗣公(gong)(gong)又高兴又叹息。近侍说;“您为(wei)什么不(bu)任命他为(wei)相国(guo)?”卫(wei)(wei)嗣公(gong)(gong)说:“一(yi)匹像鹿的(de)马(ma)(ma)可(ke)以(yi)标(biao)价千(qian)金(jin),然而(er)(er)有价值千(qian)金(jin)的(de)马(ma)(ma),没有价值千(qian)金(jin)的(de)鹿,因(yin)为(wei)马(ma)(ma)能(neng)为(wei)人所(suo)用(yong)(yong)而(er)(er)鹿不(bu)能(neng)为(wei)人所(suo)用(yong)(yong)。现在如(ru)耳(er)是(shi)做(zuo)大国(guo)相国(guo)的(de)材(cai)料,表现出要到大国(guo)谋(mou)(mou)职的(de)意愿(yuan),他的(de)心(xin)不(bu)在卫(wei)(wei)国(guo),虽有辩才和智(zhi)谋(mou)(mou),也不(bu)能(neng)为(wei)我(wo)所(suo)用(yong)(yong),我(wo)因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)任他为(wei)相。”

薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子相魏昭候也(ye),左(zuo)右有(you)栾子者(zhe)曰阳胡,潘,其于王(wang)甚重,而(er)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于是乃召与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)博(bo),予之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人百(bai)金,令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟博(bo);俄又益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人二(er)百(bai)金。方(fang)博(bo)有(you)问,谒(ye)者(zhe)言客张季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子在门,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怫然(ran)怒,抚兵而(er)授(shou)谒(ye)者(zhe)曰:“杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!吾闻(wen)季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)文也(ye)。”立(li)有(you)间,时季羽在侧(ce),曰:“不然(ran)。窃闻(wen)季为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)甚,顾其人阴(yin)未闻(wen)耳(er)。”乃辍不杀客大礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰:“曩者(zhe)闻(wen)季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)文也(ye),故欲杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);今诚为(wei)(wei)(wei)文也(ye),岂忘季哉!“告(gao)廪(lin)献(xian)千(qian)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粟,告(gao)府献(xian)五百(bai)金,告(gao)驺私厩献(xian)良马固车二(er)乘,因(yin)令奄(yan)将(jiang)宫(gong)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美妾(qie)二(er)十(shi)人并遗季也(ye)。栾子因(yin)相谓(wei)曰:“为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)利,不为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)害,吾曹(cao)何爱(ai)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)?”因(yin)私竞劝而(er)遂为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势,假(jia)人主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术也(ye),而(er)害不得生,况错之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人主乎!

薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)魏(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)王的相国时,昭(zhao)(zhao)王近(jin)侍(shi)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)对孪(luan)(luan)生(sheng)子名(ming)叫阳(yang)胡、潘(pan)其,很(hen)受(shou)昭(zhao)(zhao)王的器重,但不(bu)肯替薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)。薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)感到忧(you)虑,于是就(jiu)(jiu)召他们(men)(men)(men)来(lai)赌(du)博。薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)给(ji)(ji)他们(men)(men)(men)每(mei)(mei)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)金(jin),让他们(men)(men)(men)兄弟二(er)人(ren)赌(du)博;一(yi)(yi)会儿(er)(er)又给(ji)(ji)每(mei)(mei)人(ren)增加二(er)百(bai)金(jin)。刚(gang)(gang)赌(du)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)会儿(er)(er),传达(da)官通报门客张季(ji)的儿(er)(er)子在门口。薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)悖然(ran)大怒,拿出(chu)(chu)兵器交给(ji)(ji)传达(da)官说(shuo)(shuo):“杀了(le)(le)他!我听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)张季(ji)不(bu)肯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)。”一(yi)(yi)会儿(er)(er),刚(gang)(gang)好张季(ji)的党(dang)羽在边上(shang),说(shuo)(shuo):“不(bu)是这样的。我私下听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)张季(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)您(nin)出(chu)(chu)力很(hen)多(duo),只是他暗中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)力,您(nin)没有(you)听(ting)到罢了(le)(le)。”薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)停(ting)了(le)(le)下来(lai),不(bu)再杀门客张季(ji)的儿(er)(er)子,并厚(hou)礼相待,说(shuo)(shuo):“过(guo)去(qu)我听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)张季(ji)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao),所以(yi)想杀他;现在知(zhi)道他确(que)实为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我出(chu)(chu)力,我怎么(me)能(neng)忘(wang)了(le)(le)他呢(ni)!”于是通知(zhi)管(guan)粮仓的人(ren)送给(ji)(ji)他千石(shi)粮食,通知(zhi)管(guan)财库的人(ren)送给(ji)(ji)他五百(bai)金(jin),通知(zhi)养马的人(ren)从自己的马棚里拿出(chu)(chu)好马坚车二(er)乘送给(ji)(ji)他,接着还(hai)命令宦官把(ba)宫中(zhong)的二(er)十个(ge)美女一(yi)(yi)并送给(ji)(ji)张季(ji)。孪(luan)(luan)生(sheng)子就(jiu)(jiu)商量说(shuo)(shuo):“既然(ran)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)获(huo)利(li),不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)受(shou)害,我们(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)情愿为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)?”因而私下争(zheng)相劝勉并行动(dong)起来(lai)替薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)劳(lao)。薛(xue)(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)臣(chen)子的势位(wei),假借君王的权术(shu),使(shi)祸害不(bu)能(neng)发生(sheng),何况把(ba)这种权术(shu)移(yi)用(yong)到君主身上(shang)呢(ni)?

夫(fu)驯鸟者断其下翎,则必恃人而食,焉得(de)不驯乎?夫(fu)明主畜臣亦然,令臣不得(de)不利君之(zhi)(zhi)禄,不得(de)无服(fu)上之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。夫(fu)利君之(zhi)(zhi)禄,服(fu)上之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),焉得(de)不服(fu)?

驯养乌(wu)鸦的(de)(de)人要(yao)(yao)剪断乌(wu)鸦的(de)(de)翅膀(bang)和(he)尾巴下边的(de)(de)羽毛。剪断翅膀(bang)和(he)尾巴上的(de)(de)羽毛后,乌(wu)鸦就必(bi)须靠(kao)人喂养,怎能不(bu)(bu)驯服(fu)(fu)呢?明君(jun)蓄养臣子也是这样,要(yao)(yao)使臣子不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)贪图君(jun)主(zhu)给他(ta)的(de)(de)俸(feng)禄,不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)臣服(fu)(fu)君(jun)主(zhu)给他(ta)的(de)(de)名位。贪图君(jun)主(zhu)给的(de)(de)俸(feng)禄,臣服(fu)(fu)君(jun)主(zhu)给的(de)(de)名位,怎么(me)能不(bu)(bu)驯服(fu)(fu)呢?

△说二

申(shen)子(zi)曰:“上(shang)明见,人(ren)备之;其(qi)不明见,人(ren)惑之。其(qi)知(zhi)见,人(ren)饰之;不知(zhi)见,人(ren)匿之。其(qi)无(wu)欲见,人(ren)司(si)之;其(qi)有(you)欲见,人(ren)饵之。故曰:吾无(wu)从知(zhi)之,惟无(wu)为可以规之。”

说二

申不害说:“君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的明察如(ru)果(guo)显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)会(hui)防(fang)备他(ta);君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的糊涂如(ru)果(guo)显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)会(hui)迷惑他(ta)。君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的智慧显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)会(hui)美(mei)化他(ta);君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的愚蠢(chun)显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)会(hui)蒙蔽他(ta)。君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)没(mei)有欲望显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)会(hui)探(tan)测他(ta);君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有欲望显(xian)(xian)(xian)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)来,人(ren)们(men)就(jiu)要引诱他(ta)。所以说,我没(mei)有办法知道其中奥妙,只有无为可以窥测它的端倪。”

一曰(yue):申(shen)子曰(yue):“慎(shen)而(er)言也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且知(zhi)女(nv)(nv);慎(shen)而(er)行也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且随女(nv)(nv)。而(er)有(you)知(zhi)见(jian)也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且匿(ni)女(nv)(nv);而(er)无知(zhi)见(jian)也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且意女(nv)(nv)。女(nv)(nv)有(you)知(zhi)也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且臧女(nv)(nv);女(nv)(nv)无知(zhi)也(ye),人(ren)(ren)(ren)且行女(nv)(nv)。故曰(yue):惟无为可以规之。”

另一种说(shuo)法(fa):申不害说(shuo):“言行谨慎了(le),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)会(hui)探测你;行动谨慎了(le),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)会(hui)跟踪你。智慧(hui)显露出(chu)来(lai)了(le),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)会(hui)躲(duo)(duo)开你;愚蠢显露出(chu)来(lai)了(le),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)会(hui)算计你。有(you)(you)智慧(hui),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)躲(duo)(duo)避你;没有(you)(you)智慧(hui),人(ren)们(men)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)对你采取(qu)行动。所以说(shuo),只有(you)(you)无为(wei)可以窥测其(qi)中(zhong)奥妙。”

田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)问(wen)唐易(yi)鞠曰:“弋(yi)者何慎(shen)?”对曰“鸟以数百目(mu)视子(zi)(zi)(zi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)以二(er)目(mu)御之,子(zi)(zi)(zi)谨周子(zi)(zi)(zi)禀。”田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)曰:“善。子(zi)(zi)(zi)加之弋(yi),我加之国。”郑长者闻之曰:“田(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)知欲为禀,而未得所以为禀。夫虚无(wu)无(wu)见者,禀见。”

田(tian)(tian)子(zi)方问唐易鞠说(shuo)(shuo):“射飞禽(qin)的人要谨慎什么?”唐易鞠回答说(shuo)(shuo);“鸟用(yong)(yong)几百(bai)只眼睛(jing)看着你(ni)(ni)(ni),你(ni)(ni)(ni)只用(yong)(yong)两只眼睛(jing)防(fang)备它们,你(ni)(ni)(ni)要谨慎地(di)密闭你(ni)(ni)(ni)的谷(gu)仓。”田(tian)(tian)子(zi)方说(shuo)(shuo);“好。你(ni)(ni)(ni)把(ba)这个(ge)(ge)道理(li)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)射飞鸟上,我把(ba)这个(ge)(ge)道理(li)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)治理(li)国家上。”郑长者听到后(hou)说(shuo)(shuo):“田(tian)(tian)子(zi)方知道要守(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓,却不(bu)知道守(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓的办法。那些虚静无为、不(bu)外露(lu)的人才能守(shou)护(hu)谷(gu)仓。”

 

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