●卷四
小宰之职,掌建邦之宫刑,以治王宫之政令,凡宫之纠禁。(杜子春云:“宫,皆当为官。”玄谓宫刑,在王宫中者之刑。建,明布告之。纠犹割也,察也,若今御史中丞。
○宫刑,郑如字,干同。杜作(zuo)官。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“中丞”
○释曰:後郑以宫(gong)刑(xing)(xing)宫(gong)中之刑(xing)(xing),不(bu)从子春官刑(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),见《秋官·司寇》已云(yun)“四(si)曰官刑(xing)(xing)”,此小宰(zai)不(bu)往(wang)贰(er)之,则不(bu)须重掌。又(you)见下(xia)文观治象“乃(nai)退,以宫(gong)刑(xing)(xing)宪禁于(yu)王宫(gong)”,故(gu)知宫(gong)刑(xing)(xing)明(ming)矣。云(yun)“建(jian),明(ming)布告之”者(zhe)(zhe),上冢宰(zai)尊,所云(yun)“建(jian)六典”之等,为建(jian)立之义;小宰(zai)卑,云(yun)“建(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe),则明(ming)布告,使知而已。云(yun)“纠(jiu)犹割也(ye),察也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),既(ji)言纠(jiu),谓(wei)纠(jiu)举其(qi)非(fei)。事(shi)已发(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),依法断(duan)割之;事(shi)未发(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),审察之。云(yun)“若今御(yu)史(shi)中丞”者(zhe)(zhe),应(ying)劭(shao):云(yun)“秩(zhi)千石,朝会独坐(zuo),副贰(er)御(yu)史(shi)大夫,内掌兰台(tai)图籍,外督(du)剌史(shi),纠(jiu)察百寮”,故(gu)举汉法况(kuang)之。
掌邦之六典、八法、八则之贰,以逆邦国、都鄙、官府之治。(逆,迎受之。郑司农云:“贰,副也。”
○治,直(zhi)吏反,下及注皆同。)
[疏]“掌邦”至“之治”
○释(shi)曰(yue):大宰(zai)(zai)本(ben)以六典(dian)(dian)治(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)国,今(jin)还(hai)以六典(dian)(dian)逆邦(bang)国之治(zhi)(zhi),逆,谓迎受句(ju)考(kao)(kao)之也。大宰(zai)(zai)本(ben)以八法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)朝廷官府,今(jin)还(hai)以八法(fa)句(ju)考(kao)(kao)官府之治(zhi)(zhi)。大宰(zai)(zai)本(ben)以八则治(zhi)(zhi)都鄙,今(jin)还(hai)以八则句(ju)考(kao)(kao)都鄙之治(zhi)(zhi)。皆句(ju)考(kao)(kao)使知功过(guo)所在也。
执邦(bang)(bang)之九贡、九赋、九式之贰,以(yi)均财节(jie)邦(bang)(bang)用。
[疏]“执邦”至“邦用”
○释曰:此三者(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)大宰(zai)(zai)所掌者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)冢宰(zai)(zai)制国(guo)用(yong),九(jiu)贡、九(jiu)赋敛财(cai)贿,九(jiu)式(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大者(zhe)(zhe),故小宰(zai)(zai)副贰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然大宰(zai)(zai)有(you)九(jiu)职,小宰(zai)(zai)不(bu)贰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)九(jiu)职云“任万民”,《小宰(zai)(zai)》若云贰,谓任使亦贰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故不(bu)言。其(qi)实(shi)九(jiu)职任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)贡,用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则小宰(zai)(zai)亦贰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),九(jiu)贡中兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。以其(qi)九(jiu)职亦有(you)九(jiu)贡故也(ye)。“以均财(cai)节邦用(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe),以九(jiu)式(shi)并(bing)旧有(you)法式(shi)多,少(shao)不(bu)得(de)增减,故云均节也(ye)。
以官府之六叙正群吏:一曰以叙正其位,二曰以叙进其治,三曰以叙作其事,四曰以叙制其食,五曰以叙受其会,六曰以叙听其情。(叙,秩次也,谓先尊後卑也。治,功状也。食,禄之多少。情,争讼之辞。
○争,争斗之(zhi)争。)
[疏]“以官府”至“其情”
○释曰:凡言“叙”者,皆是次叙。先尊後卑,各依秩次,则群吏得正,故云正群吏也。
○“一曰以叙正其位”者,谓若卿、大夫、士朝位尊卑次列。
○“二曰以叙进其治”者,谓卿、大夫、士有治职功状文书进于上,亦先尊後卑也。
○“三曰以叙作其事”者,谓有所执掌起事,亦先尊後卑也。
○“四曰以叙制其食”者,谓制禄依爵命授之,亦先尊後卑也。
○“五曰以叙受其会”者,谓岁终进会计文书,受之,亦先尊後卑也。
○“六曰以叙听其情”者,情,谓情实。则狱讼之情,受听断之时,亦先尊後卑也。
○注“叙秩次也”
○释曰:云“秩次”者,谓尊卑之(zhi)常,各有(you)次叙也。
以官府之六属举邦治:一曰天官,其属六十,掌邦治,大事则从其长,小事则专达;二曰地官,其属六十,掌邦教,大事则从其长,小事则专达;三曰春官,其属六十,掌邦礼,大事则从其长,小事则专达;四曰夏官,其属六十,掌邦政,大事则从其长,小事则专达;五曰秋官,其属六十,掌邦刑,大事则从其长,小事则专达;六曰冬官,其属六十,掌邦事,大事则从其长,小事则专达。(大事从其长,若庖人、内外饔与膳夫共王之食。小事专达,若宫人、掌舍各为一官。六官之属三百六十,象天地四时日月星辰之度数,天道备焉。前此者,成王作《周官》,其志有述天授位之义,故周公设官分职以法之。
○达,干云:“达,决也。”)
[疏]“以官府”至“专达”
○释曰:“六属举邦治”者,谓官盛任使,立长官,必当以属官佐之,邦治得举,是以六官各有其属六十,故云官府之六属举邦治也。“一曰天官”,谓大宰之官。“其属六十”,谓宫正至夏采,皆掌治职,故云掌治也。云“大事则从其长”者,谓若《膳夫》郑注云“膳夫,食官之长也”。则下庖人、内外饔、亨人,有事皆来谘白膳夫,故云“大事从其长”也。“小事则专达”者,谓若宫人掌舍,无大事,无长官可谘,自专行事。以下五官皆此类也。
○注“大事”至“法之”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)事(shi)(shi)从其(qi)(qi)(qi)长,若庖人(ren)(ren)、内(nei)外饔与(yu)膳夫共王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)并共王(wang)(wang)(wang)食,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)事(shi)(shi),故庖人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)下谘膳夫长官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小事(shi)(shi)专达(da)”者(zhe),若宫(gong)人(ren)(ren)、掌(zhang)舍(she),直掌(zhang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),设┕互之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,二(er)(er)(er)(er)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小事(shi)(shi),又不(bu)立(li)长官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),当(dang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行(xing)事(shi)(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)各为一(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)专达(da)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)直举天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)显(xian)者(zhe),各言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi),馀(yu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)若大(da)府(fu),郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长”,地官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)司(si),郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长”;春官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)司(si)乐,郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长”;夏(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)司(si)甲,郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵戈盾官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长”。如此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)甚多,不(bu)可(ke)具陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)。小事(shi)(shi)则(ze)专达(da),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)甚众,亦不(bu)可(ke)具言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),象天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地四(si)时(shi)(shi)日月(yue)(yue)星辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)数(shu)”者(zhe),依《周(zhou)(zhou)髀(bi)》、《七曜》,皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五度(du)四(si)分度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),举全数(shu),亦得云(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)地则(ze)与(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)配合四(si)时(shi)(shi),言(yan)(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)。日,日行(xing)一(yi)(yi)度(du);月(yue)(yue),日行(xing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)度(du)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九分度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七。日月(yue)(yue)所行(xing),亦在周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)。星辰,谓(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八宿十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)次,亦在周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)数(shu)内(nei),皆不(bu)离三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五度(du)四(si)分度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)耳。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地四(si)时(shi)(shi)日月(yue)(yue)星辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)数(shu),所从言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)耳。故《尚书(shu)·洪范》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“五纪(ji),一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)岁,二(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)月(yue)(yue),三(san)曰(yue)日,四(si)曰(yue)星辰”,皆别言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下以历数(shu)总(zong)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)类也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)备焉(yan)”者(zhe),以此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)备矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》,其(qi)(qi)(qi)志有(you)述天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)授(shou)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)依《书(shu)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)摄(she)政(zheng),三(san)年(nian)践奄”,与(yu)灭(mie)淮(huai)(huai)夷(yi)同时(shi)(shi)。又按(an):成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》“成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)既黜殷命,灭(mie)淮(huai)(huai)夷(yi),还归(gui)在丰(feng),作(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》。”则(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》,在周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)摄(she)政(zheng)三(san)年(nian)时(shi)(shi),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)制礼在摄(she)政(zheng)六(liu)年(nian)时(shi)(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)前(qian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe),谓(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)前(qian)於此(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)作(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》,其(qi)(qi)(qi)志,谓(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)志意(yi),有(you)述天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)授(shou)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),即(ji)彼《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“唐虞稽古,建(jian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)惟百(bai),夏(xia)商倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今予小子,训迪厥(jue)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),以立(li)太师、太傅、太保,兹惟三(san)公(gong)(gong),论(lun)道(dao)经邦,燮(xie)理阴阳”。下又云(yun)(yun)(yun)立(li)三(san)孤(gu)及天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地四(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)志有(you)述天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。故周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)设官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分职法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)义(yi),不(bu)见(jian)《古文尚书(shu)》,故为此(ci)(ci)(ci)解。若孔据《古文尚书(shu)》,《多士》已(yi)(yi)下,并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)致政(zheng)後成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)摄(she)政(zheng)时(shi)(shi),淮(huai)(huai)夷(yi)、奄与(yu)管(guan)蔡同作(zuo)乱(luan),成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即(ji)政(zheng)後又叛,成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)亲征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)灭(mie)淮(huai)(huai)夷(yi)。还归(gui)在丰(feng),作(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》用人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),则(ze)彼《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》在此(ci)(ci)(ci)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》後,与(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
以官府之六职辨邦治:一曰治职,以平邦国,以均万民,以节财用;二曰教职,以安邦国,以宁万民,以怀宾客;三曰礼职,以和邦国,以谐万民,以事鬼神;四曰政职,以服邦国,以正万民,以聚百物;五曰刑职,以诘邦国,以纠万民,以除盗贼;六曰事职,以富邦国,以养万民,以生百物。(怀亦安也。宾客来,共其委积,所以安之。聚百物者,司马主九畿,职方制其贡,各以其所有。
○委(wei),於伪反。下“委(wei)”同,积,子赐反。)
[疏]“以官”至“百物”
○释曰:云“以官府六职辨邦治”者,六官者各有职,若天官治职,地官教职,其职不同,邦事得有分辨,故云以辨邦治也。
○“一曰治职”者,谓以平为义也。云“以节财用”者,亦以制国用故也。
○“二曰教职,以安邦国,以宁万民”者,安邦国与教典同,彼云“扰万民”,此云“宁万民”,不同者,上扰为驯,驯则宁,义无异也。云“怀宾客”者,以有委积,故宾客怀安也。
○“三曰礼职,以和邦国,以谐万民”者,此与上礼典同也。云“以事鬼神”者,以其主祭祀,当职之事也。
○“四曰政职,以服邦国,以正万民”者,上政典云“平邦国,均万民”,不同者,服由平定使之然,则服亦平也,均与正,义亦一也。云“以聚百物”者,郑云“司马主九畿,职方制其贡”,贡即百物也。
○“五曰刑职,以诘邦国,以纠万民”,此与上刑典文同。云“除盗贼”者,有寇则罪之,盗贼得除,故云除盗贼也。
○“六曰事职,以富邦国,以养万民”者,上事典“以生万民”,生则养也,与上同。此六职不云官府百官,与六典不同者,以六职皆当职行事,义不及远,故与六典文异也。
○注“怀亦”至“所有”
○释曰:教典共(gong)其委积者,大司徒下(xia)有(you)(you)遗人,掌(zhang)十里有(you)(you)庐,庐有(you)(you)饮食之等,故云“共(gong)委积”也(ye)。云“司马主(zhu)(zhu)九(jiu)(jiu)畿”,并引《职方(fang)》者,司马直主(zhu)(zhu)九(jiu)(jiu)畿,无贡(gong)物之事,故引其属职方(fang)也(ye)。
以官府之六联合邦治:一曰祭祀之联事,二曰宾客之联事,三曰丧荒之联事,四曰军旅之联事,五曰田役之联事,六曰敛弛之联事。凡小事皆有联。(郑司农云:“大祭祀,大宰赞玉币,司徒奉牛牲,宗伯视涤濯、莅玉鬯、省牲镬、奉玉,司马羞鱼牲、奉马牲,司寇奉明水火;大丧,大宰赞赠玉、含玉,司徒帅六乡之众庶属其六引,宗伯为上相,司马平士大夫,司寇前王,此所谓官联。”杜子春弛读为施。玄谓荒政弛力役,及国中贵者、贤者、服公事者、老者、疾者皆舍,不以力役之事。奉牲者,其司空奉豕与?
○弛,户氏(shi)反,刘本(ben)作施(shi),音(yin)(yin)弛,杜作施(shi)。莅,音(yin)(yin)利,又音(yin)(yin)类。鬯,敕亮反。镬,户郭反。,音(yin)(yin)资。乡,音(yin)(yin)香(xiang)。属其(qi),音(yin)(yin)烛。纟引,徐音(yin)(yin)胤,刘音(yin)(yin)引,本(ben)或作引。相,息亮反。豕与,音(yin)(yin)馀。)
[疏]“以官府”至“有联”
○释曰:云“以官府之六联合邦治”者,谓官府之中有六事,皆联事通职,然後国治得会合,故云合邦治也。
○一曰祭祀之联事,三曰丧荒之联事,此二者,郑注具,以其二者显著,故特言之。
○“二曰宾客之联事”者,郑虽不言,案《大宰》“大朝觐、会同,赞玉币玉献”,《大司徒》令“野道委积”,《大宗伯》“朝觐、会同,则为上相”,《大司寇》云“凡朝觐、会同,前王”,唯《大司马》不见有事,《司空》又亡。
○“四曰军旅之联事”者,以六军军将皆命卿,田役亦然,且《大司徒》云“大军旅、大田役,以旗致万民”《大司马》云“大师,建大常,比军众”,“中春教振旅之事”。
○“六曰敛弛之联事”者,并大宰任九职、九贡、九赋,司徒制贡,小司徒令贡赋,若通数小官,则多矣。云“凡小事皆有联”者,谓《司关》云“掌国货之节,以联门”之类是也。
○注“郑司”至“豕与”
○释曰:司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)虽解(jie)祭祀(si)及大丧二事(shi)(shi),皆不言(yan)(yan)司(si)(si)(si)空,司(si)(si)(si)空亡(wang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。大祭祀(si),唯(wei)大宰(zai)尊,不奉(feng)(feng)(feng)牲,宗(zong)伯(bo)不言(yan)(yan)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)鸡,司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)直言(yan)(yan)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)马(ma),不兼言(yan)(yan)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)羊(yang),司(si)(si)(si)寇不言(yan)(yan)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)犬(quan),皆略(lve)不言(yan)(yan)可知。“杜(du)子春弛(chi)(chi)读(du)为(wei)施”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)依(yi)施,施是施惠,事(shi)(shi)不必连(lian)敛(lian),为(wei)弛(chi)(chi)则,则於事(shi)(shi)广矣。故(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑不从之(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)荒(huang)政(zheng)弛(chi)(chi)力役(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此经“二曰丧荒(huang)”,荒(huang)谓(wei)年不熟。《大司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)》有(you)(you)荒(huang)政(zheng)十二,其(qi)中(zhong)“四曰弛(chi)(chi)力”。弛(chi)(chi)力役(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)《廪人(ren)》岁不能人(ren)二釜,则令移(yi)民就,是时弛(chi)(chi)力役(yi)(yi)(yi)也。《乡(xiang)大夫(fu)》云(yun)“国中(zhong)贵(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)有(you)(you)官爵(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);“贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)有(you)(you)德(de)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);“服(fu)公事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)若(ruo)庶人(ren)在(zai)官者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);“老”,谓(wei)国中(zhong)六十者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);“疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)<疒发>疾不堪役(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);皆舍,不以力役(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)“奉(feng)(feng)(feng)牲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)司(si)(si)(si)空奉(feng)(feng)(feng)豕(shi)与”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)(si)(si)空》虽亡(wang),案《五(wu)行传》云(yun)“听之(zhi)不聪,时则有(you)(you)豕(shi)祸,豕(shi)属(shu)(shu)北方”,又《说卦》云(yun)“坎为(wei)豕(shi)”,是豕(shi)属(shu)(shu)水,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知司(si)(si)(si)空奉(feng)(feng)(feng)豕(shi)。无正文,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)“与”,以疑(yi)之(zhi)也。
以官府之八成经邦治:一曰听政役以比居,二曰听师田以简稽,三曰听闾里以版图,四曰听称责以傅别,五曰听禄位以礼命,六曰听取予以书契,七曰听卖买以质剂,八曰听出入以要会。(郑司农云:“政谓军政也。役谓发兵起徒役也。比居谓伍藉也。比地为伍,因内政寄军令,以伍藉发军起役者,平而无遗脱也。简稽士卒、兵器、薄书。简犹阅也。稽犹计也,合也。合计其士之卒伍,阅其兵器,为之要薄也。故《遂人职》曰‘稽其人民,简其兵器’。《国语》曰‘黄池之会,吴陈其兵,皆官师拥铎拱稽’。版,户藉。图,地图也。听人讼地者,以版图决之。《司书职》曰‘邦中之版,土地之图’。称责,谓贷予。傅别,谓券书也。听讼责者,以券书决之。傅,傅著约束於文书。别,别为两,两家各得一也。礼命,谓九赐也。书契,符书也。质剂,谓中平贾,今时月平是也。要会,谓计最之薄书,月计曰要,岁计曰会,故《宰夫职》曰‘岁终,则令群吏正岁会;月终,则令正月要’。”傅别,故书作“傅辨”,郑大夫读为“符别”,杜子春读为“傅别”。玄谓政谓赋也。凡其字或作政,或作正,或作征,以多言之宜从征,如《孟子》“交征利”云。傅别,谓为大手书於一札,中字别之。书契,谓出予受入之凡要。凡薄书之最目,狱讼之要辞,皆曰契。《春秋传》曰“王叔氏不能举其契”。质剂,谓两书一札,同而别之,长曰质,短曰剂。传别质剂,皆今之券书也,事异,异其名耳。礼命,礼之九命之差等。
○政役,郑音(yin)征,司农如字(zi)。比,毗志反(fan),注同(tong)(tong)。傅(fu),音(yin)附(fu),注同(tong)(tong)。别,彼列反(fan),注同(tong)(tong)。要会,古外(wai)反(fan)。凡“要会”、“会计(ji)”之字(zi)皆放此(ci)。卒(zu),子忽反(fan),下同(tong)(tong)。阅,音(yin)悦。贷,他代反(fan)。著,直(zhi)略反(fan)。贾,音(yin)嫁。月平(ping),刘音(yin)病。)
[疏]“以官”至“要会”
○释曰:以官府之中有八事,皆是旧法成事品式,依时而行之,将此八者,经纪国之治政,故云“经邦治”也。
○“一曰听政役以比居”者,八事皆听者,旧事争讼当断之也。政谓赋税,役谓使役,民有争赋税使役,则以地比居者共听之。
○“二曰听师田以简稽”者,稽,计也。简,阅也。谓师出征伐及田猎,恐有违法,则当阅其兵器与人,并足否。
○“三曰听闾里以版图”者,在六乡则二十五家为闾,在六遂则二十五家为里。闾里之中有争讼,则以户籍之版、土地之图听决之。
○“四曰听称责以傅别”者,称责,谓举责生子,彼此俱为称意,故为称责,於官於民,俱是称也。争此责者,则以傅别券书决之。
○“五曰听禄位以礼命”者,谓听时以礼命之其人策书之本,有人争禄之多少,位之前後,则以礼命文书听之也。
○“六曰听取予以书契”者,此谓於官直贷不出子者,故云取予。若争此取予者,则以书契券书听之。
○“七曰听卖买以质剂”者,质剂谓券书。有人争事者,则以质剂听之。
○“八曰听出入以要会”者,岁计曰会,月计曰要。此出入者,正是官内自用物。有人争此官物者,则以要会薄书听之。
○注“郑司”至“差等”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):政(zheng)(zheng),军(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)军(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng),自(zi)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)司马(ma)听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何(he)(he)得(de)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)乎?云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“比居谓伍(wu)籍(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《司徒职(zhi)》“五(wu)家为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比”,出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun)即“五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍(wu)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因(yin)(yin)内(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)寄军(jun)(jun)令(ling)(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓在(zai)(zai)家,五(wu)家为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比,五(wu)比为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)闾(lv),四(si)闾(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu),五(wu)族(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)党,五(wu)党为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou),五(wu)州(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乡。若(ruo)(ruo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)(jun),则(ze)家出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),则(ze)还(hai)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍(wu),是一(yi)(yi)比,长还(hai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍(wu)长领之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)十五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两,是一(yi)(yi)闾(lv),闾(lv)胥即为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两司马(ma)领之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)乡出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun),军(jun)(jun)将还(hai)是乡大(da)(da)夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是因(yin)(yin)内(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)寄军(jun)(jun)令(ling)(ling)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)《管子》文。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)(zuo)内(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)”,司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因(yin)(yin)内(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),读字(zi)(zi)不(bu)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“简稽(ji)士卒(zu)、兵器、薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士卒(zu),谓车别(bie)(bie)(bie)甲士三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步卒(zu)七十二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。兵器,谓弓(gong)矢、殳(shu)矛、戈戟,皆有薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),故(gu)引(yin)(yin)《遂人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》以(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘黄(huang)池之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《吴(wu)语(yu)》吴(wu)、晋(jin)争(zheng)长,吴(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)令(ling)(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)伏兵甲,陈士卒(zu)百人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彻(che)行,头官(guan)(guan)师,拥铎拱稽(ji)名籍(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)计(ji),计(ji)谓据(ju)名籍(ji)计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),义合(he),故(gu)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“版,户籍(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)下注亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡户籍(ji)”。图(tu)谓民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)图(tu),故(gu)引(yin)(yin)《司书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)版》图(tu)以(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“责(ze)谓贷子”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓贷而(er)生子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)今举责(ze),即《地(di)官(guan)(guan)·泉(quan)(quan)府》职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)国(guo)(guo)服为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)息(xi)。若(ruo)(ruo)近(jin)郊民贷,则(ze)一(yi)(yi)年十一(yi)(yi)生利(li)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“傅(fu)(fu),傅(fu)(fu)著(zhu)约(yue)束於文书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。别(bie)(bie)(bie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各(ge)(ge)得(de)其一(yi)(yi)”,二(er)家别(bie)(bie)(bie)释,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)券(quan)(quan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),即是傅(fu)(fu)著(zhu)於文书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可知。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)傅(fu)(fu)、别(bie)(bie)(bie)二(er)字(zi)(zi),共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)命(ming),谓九(jiu)赐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),九(jiu)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),出(chu)(chu)(chu)自(zi)《礼(li)纬·含文嘉》,八命(ming)已(yi)上,乃有九(jiu)赐,此(ci)(ci)(ci)所听断,何(he)(he)得(de)取(qu)(qu)八命(ming)已(yi)上解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi),符(fu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓官(guan)(guan)券(quan)(quan)符(fu)玺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)官(guan)(guan)予(yu)民物(wu),何(he)(he)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)符(fu)玺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“质(zhi)剂(ji)谓中平(ping)贾,今时月(yue)平(ping)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《地(di)官(guan)(guan)·质(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)质(zhi),小曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)剂(ji)”,若(ruo)(ruo)今月(yue)平(ping)贾,不(bu)合(he)有两名,故(gu)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“月(yue)计(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)要(yao),岁计(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)会”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入,有要(yao)会薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)计(ji)管,故(gu)引(yin)(yin)《宰(zai)夫(fu)》证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)夫(fu)读傅(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)符(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong),又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)傅(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie),故(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)傅(fu)(fu)辨,不(bu)从(cong)(cong)古(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓政(zheng)(zheng)谓赋(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),赋(fu)则(ze)口率出(chu)(chu)(chu)泉(quan)(quan),且与(yu)役同(tong)文,皆是利(li)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)其字(zi)(zi)或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)政(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)经政(zheng)(zheng)役是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)政(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其字(zi)(zi)或(huo)有作(zuo)(zuo)正字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。“或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)征(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《孟(meng)(meng)子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“交征(zheng)利(li)”及(ji)《乡大(da)(da)夫(fu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)征(zheng)处多,故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)征(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《孟(meng)(meng)子》“交征(zheng)利(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《孟(meng)(meng)子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“孟(meng)(meng)子见梁惠王(wang)。王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘叟不(bu)远千里(li)而(er)来,亦将有以(yi)利(li)吾国(guo)(guo)乎?’对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘何(he)(he)必曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)利(li)?亦有仁义而(er)已(yi)矣。王(wang)则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)何(he)(he)以(yi)利(li)吾国(guo)(guo),大(da)(da)夫(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)何(he)(he)以(yi)利(li)吾家,士庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)何(he)(he)以(yi)利(li)吾身。上下交征(zheng)利(li)则(ze)国(guo)(guo)危矣。’”引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)证(zheng)征(zheng)是口税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“傅(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie),谓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)手(shou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于一(yi)(yi)札(zha),中字(zi)(zi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓於券(quan)(quan)背(bei)上,大(da)(da)作(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)(yi)手(shou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)札(zha),字(zi)(zi)中央破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)段别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi),谓出(chu)(chu)(chu)予(yu)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凡(fan)(fan)要(yao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)予(yu)则(ze)取(qu)(qu)予(yu),谓若(ruo)(ruo)《泉(quan)(quan)府》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)赊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭祀(si)无过(guo)旬(xun)日,丧纪(ji)不(bu)过(guo)三月(yue)”,及(ji)《旅师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)颁秋(qiu)敛(lian)”,赊取(qu)(qu)官(guan)(guan)物(wu),後(hou)(hou)还(hai),无生利(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。凡(fan)(fan)要(yao),亦是薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最目,狱(yu)讼(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)辞,皆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)契(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),薄(bo)(bo)(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最目曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)契(qi),即取(qu)(qu)予(yu)以(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。狱(yu)讼(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)辞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)契(qi),即郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)(yin)《春(chun)秋(qiu)传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其春(chun)秋(qiu)王(wang)叔氏事(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)襄十年。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)叔陈生与(yu)伯(bo)舆争(zheng)政(zheng)(zheng),晋(jin)侯使士モ平(ping)王(wang)室(shi),使王(wang)叔氏与(yu)伯(bo)舆合(he)要(yao),王(wang)叔氏不(bu)能举其契(qi)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)即狱(yu)讼(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)辞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)契(qi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“质(zhi)剂(ji),谓两书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)札(zha),同(tong)而(er)别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),长曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)质(zhi),短曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)剂(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《地(di)官(guan)(guan)·质(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)质(zhi),小曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)剂(ji)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)注:“大(da)(da),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民马(ma)牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,用长券(quan)(quan);小,兵器珍异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),用短券(quan)(quan)。”言(yan)两书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)札(zha)同(tong)而(er)别(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓前後(hou)(hou)作(zuo)(zuo)二(er)券(quan)(quan),中央破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),两家各(ge)(ge)得(de)其一(yi)(yi),背(bei)无手(shou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi),异於傅(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)。故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“傅(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)、质(zhi)剂(ji),皆今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)券(quan)(quan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)命(ming),礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差等(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若(ruo)(ruo)《大(da)(da)宗伯(bo)》九(jiu)仪,从(cong)(cong)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)受(shou)职(zhi)以(yi),至(zhi)九(jiu)命(ming)作(zuo)(zuo)伯(bo),差等(deng)有九(jiu)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以听官府之六计,弊群吏之治:一曰廉善,二曰廉能,三曰廉敬,四曰廉正,五曰廉法,六曰廉辨。(听,平治也。平治官府之计有六事。弊,断也。既断以六事,又以廉为本。善,善其事,有辞誉也。能,政令行也。敬,不解于位也。正,行无倾邪也。法,守法不失也。辨,辨然不疑惑也。杜子春云:“廉辨或为廉端。”
○弊,必世(shi)反(fan)(fan)。治也,如字,下(xia)文“治其弛舍”同。断,丁乱(luan)反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。解,佳卖(mai)反(fan)(fan)。邪,似嗟(jie)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以听”至“廉辨”
○释曰:言“六计弊群吏之治”者,六计谓善、能、敬、正、法、辨,六者不同,既以廉为本,又计其功过多少而听断之,故云六计弊群吏之治也。
○注“听平”至“廉端”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“皆以(yi)廉(lian)(lian)为(wei)(wei)本”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此经六事(shi),皆先言廉(lian)(lian),後言善、能之(zhi)等,故知将廉(lian)(lian)为(wei)(wei)本。廉(lian)(lian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)滥浊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“善,善其(qi)事(shi),有(you)(you)辞誉(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)有(you)(you)善事(shi),四方(fang)令闻(wen)辞誉(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“能政令行也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)虽无(wu)(wu)辞誉(yu),所行政令得(de)行也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)不(bu)解于(yu)位也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)敬(jing)其(qi)职位,恪居官次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)行无(wu)(wu)倾(qing)邪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)行正(zheng)直言,公正(zheng)无(wu)(wu)私也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“法(fa),守(shou)法(fa)不(bu)失(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)依(yi)法(fa)而行,无(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)错失(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“辨(bian),辨(bian)然(ran)不(bu)疑惑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)其(qi)人辨(bian)然(ran)於事(shi)分明,无(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)疑惑之(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“杜子(zi)春云(yun)(yun)廉(lian)(lian)辨(bian)或为(wei)(wei)廉(lian)(lian)端(duan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经本或为(wei)(wei)廉(lian)(lian)端(duan),後郑不(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)为(wei)(wei)端(duan),端(duan)亦(yi)(yi)正(zheng),与廉(lian)(lian)正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)重,故不(bu)从。引之(zhi)在(zai)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)苟(gou)违之(zhi),亦(yi)(yi)得(de)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)义故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以法掌祭祀、朝觐、会同、宾客之戒具,军旅、田役、丧荒亦如之。(法,谓其礼法也。戒具,戒官有事者所当共。)七事者,令百官府共其财用,治其施舍,听其治讼。(七事,谓先四、如之者三也。施舍,不给役者。七事,故书为“小事”。杜子春云“当为七事,书亦七事”。
○共(gong),音恭,礼本“供(gong)”字(zi)皆(jie)作共(gong),可以意求之(zhi)。)
[疏]“以法”至“治讼”
○释曰:言“以法掌祭祀”已下七者,皆是上六联百官联事通职者。以其众官共,故经云“令百官府共其财用”也。然六联之中,不言朝觐、会同者,以彼宾客中可以兼之,以其朝觐、会同还是诸侯宾客之事。此七事不言敛弛,以其非七事中之大事,故退之在下。
○注“法谓”至“当共”
○释曰:言礼法,谓七者皆有旧法依行,若九式曰“祭祀之式”。云“戒具,戒官有事所当共也”者,此七事在《大宰》八法中“六曰官法”,彼在“八曰官计”上者,以其彼有数,故在上;此官法无数,故退在六计下也。
○注“七事”至“七事”
○释(shi)曰:“七事”,先(xian)四,谓(wei)从祭祀(si)至宾(bin)客;云(yun)“如之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)三也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),从军旅至丧荒也(ye)。云(yun)“施舍,不给役”者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)“六联(lian)”注(zhu)引《乡大(da)夫》国中贵(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)、老者(zhe)(zhe)、疾者(zhe)(zhe)、服公(gong)事者(zhe)(zhe)是也(ye)。云(yun)“七事,故书为小事”者(zhe)(zhe),与经(jing)不相当,故杜子春从经(jing)为正也(ye)。
凡祭祀,赞玉币爵之事,将之事。(又从大宰助王也。将,送也。送,送,谓赞王酌郁鬯以献尸谓之。之言灌也,明不为饮,主以祭祀。唯人道宗庙有,天地大神至尊不,莫称焉。凡郁鬯受,祭之,啐之,奠之。
○,古乱反(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)。称,尺证反(fan)。啐,寸对(dui)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“又从”至“奠之”
○释曰:案(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)赞(zan)玉币(bi)爵(jue)”,今此又云(yun)(yun)(yun)祭祀(si)(si)赞(zan)此三者(zhe),谓(wei)小宰(zai)(zai)执以(yi)(yi)授大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)执以(yi)(yi)授王(wang)(wang)(wang),是(shi)相赞(zan)助,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)又从大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)助王(wang)(wang)(wang)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“将,送也。送,送,谓(wei)赞(zan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)酌郁(yu)鬯(chang)(chang)以(yi)(yi)献尸”者(zhe),上(shang)(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“赞(zan)玉币(bi)爵(jue)”,据祭天(tian)(tian)(tian),而(er)下(xia)别云(yun)(yun)(yun)“将”,是(shi)据祭宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)。且上(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)言赞(zan)将,则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)赞(zan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)此注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)赞(zan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)酌郁(yu)鬯(chang)(chang)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明不(bu)(bu)为饮(yin)(yin),主以(yi)(yi)祭祀(si)(si)”者(zhe),朝(chao)践已後,尸乃(nai)饮(yin)(yin),二(er)为奠不(bu)(bu)饮(yin)(yin),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)为饮(yin)(yin),主以(yi)(yi)祭祀(si)(si)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“唯人(ren)(ren)道宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)有,天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神(shen)至尊(zun)(zun)不(bu)(bu)”者(zhe),据《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)》“祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神(shen)示亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)言。此文(wen)又将在(zai)玉币(bi)爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),明宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)有,天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)无(wu)。且《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)言祭,社言血,享(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)神(shen)不(bu)(bu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)用(yong)降(jiang)神(shen),无(wu)妨用(yong)鬯(chang)(chang)。必若然(ran),天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)用(yong)八尊(zun)(zun),直有五(wu)齐三酒(jiu),不(bu)(bu)言鬯(chang)(chang)尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)《冥人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)八尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)与宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)六彝相对为文(wen),《鬯(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》鬯(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)入彝尊(zun)(zun),则(ze)别有尊(zun)(zun)矣,不(bu)(bu)言者(zhe),略耳。不(bu)(bu)者(zhe),覆(fu)载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),其(qi)功尤(you)盛,欲报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),无(wu)可(ke)称焉(yan)。故(gu)无(wu),直加敬而(er)已。其(qi)牲用(yong)特,其(qi)器(qi)陶(tao)匏,皆(jie)是(shi)质(zhi)略之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)莫称焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡郁(yu)鬯(chang)(chang)受,祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),啐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)圭瓒酌郁(yu)鬯(chang)(chang)献尸,后亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)璋瓒酌郁(yu)鬯(chang)(chang)献尸,尸皆(jie)受,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)地(di)(di)降(jiang)神(shen),明为祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。向(xiang)口(kou)啐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),啐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)入口(kou)乃(nai)奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於地(di)(di)也。祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)既言无(wu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan),案(an)(an)《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》“莅(li)玉鬯(chang)(chang)”,又案(an)(an)《礼(li)记·表(biao)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亲耕粢盛,鬯(chang)(chang)以(yi)(yi)事(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)”,上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)得有鬯(chang)(chang)者(zhe),案(an)(an)《春官(guan)·鬯(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi)》“掌共(gong)鬯(chang)(chang)”,下(xia)所陈社稷山川等外神(shen),皆(jie)用(yong)鬯(chang)(chang),不(bu)(bu)用(yong)郁(yu)。庙(miao)言灌(guan)(guan)(guan),且亦(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)无(wu)也。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)无(wu)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)(zhi),用(yong)鬯(chang)(chang)者(zhe),唯有宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)及宾客(ke)耳。
凡宾客(ke),赞,凡受爵之(zhi)事,凡受币之(zhi)事。(唯助宗伯,其(qi)馀皆助大宰。王不酌宾客(ke)而有受酢。《大宗伯职》曰:“大宾客(ke)则(ze)摄而载。”)
[疏]“凡宾”至“之事”
○释曰:“凡宾客,赞”者,案《大行人》云:“上公再而酢,侯伯一而酢,子男一不酢。”谓诸侯来朝,朝享既毕,王礼之,有此灌酢之礼也。云“凡受爵之事”者,谓上公与诸侯酢王之爵,王受之。云“凡受币之事”者,谓庙中行三享,享时璧以帛,琮以锦,致享时有此受币之事。皆言“凡”者,谓诸侯非一,故言凡,以广之也。
○“唯”至“载”
○释曰:言“唯助宗伯(bo)”者(zhe),後引《宗伯(bo)职(zhi)》者(zhe)是(shi)也。云“其馀皆助大宰(zai)(zai)”者(zhe),谓受爵币二(er)者(zhe),皆助大宰(zai)(zai)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客酢(zuo)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)时(shi),大宰(zai)(zai)於宾(bin)(bin)(bin)处受而(er)(er)授王(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)饮(yin)讫,大宰(zai)(zai)受爵以(yi)授小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)。受币之(zhi)时(shi),亦王(wang)(wang)亲受,受以(yi)授大宰(zai)(zai),大宰(zai)(zai)以(yi)授小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)也。云“王(wang)(wang)不酌宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客而(er)(er)有(you)受酢(zuo)”者(zhe),案(an)《燕礼》使宰(zai)(zai)夫为主人(ren),是(shi)君(jun)不酌臣,於诸侯亦然。受酢(zuo)是(shi)饮(yin)酒之(zhi)事,臣不可代君(jun)饮(yin)酒,故(gu)有(you)受酢(zuo)之(zhi)事也。又引《大宗伯(bo)职(zhi)》曰“大宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客则(ze)摄(she)而(er)(er)载(zai)”者(zhe),案(an)彼郑(zheng)注云:“载(zai),为也。”言为者(zhe),摄(she)酌献(xian)耳。拜送(song),则(ze)王(wang)(wang)也。若然,大宗伯(bo)非直摄(she)王(wang)(wang),若上公再,兼有(you)后之(zhi)时(shi),大宗伯(bo)亦代后也。拜送(song),则(ze)后也。拜乃恭敬(jing)之(zhi)事,亦不可使臣代之(zhi)故(gu)也。
丧荒,受其含衤遂币玉之事。(《春秋传》曰:“口实曰含,衣服曰衤遂。”凶荒有币玉者,宾客所周委之礼。
○礻遂,音(yin)遂。,音(yin)周。)
[疏]“丧荒”至“之事”
○释曰:丧,谓王丧,诸侯诸臣有致含礻遂币玉之事。荒,谓凶年,诸侯亦有致币玉之事。上大宰不言,则此小宰专受之。案《礼记·少仪》云“臣致礻遂於君,则曰致废衣於贾人。”则诸侯臣皆得致含也。
○注“春秋”至“之礼”
○释曰:云“《春(chun)(chun)秋传》”者,《公(gong)羊》文(wen)。其含礻(shi)遂(sui)所用(yong),在死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),若既殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後,亦容(rong)(rong)有致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故《礼记·杂记》:殡(bin)後,诸(zhu)侯遣使致(zhi)含、礻(shi)遂(sui)、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,主人受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。虽不及(ji)事,容(rong)(rong)致(zhi)厚(hou)意。是以《春(chun)(chun)秋左氏》“秦人来归僖公(gong)成风之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礻(shi)遂(sui)”,亦在逾年後,《春(chun)(chun)秋》不讥也。云“凶荒有币玉者,宾客(ke)所委之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼”者,案《小行人》云:“若国凶荒,则令委之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼谓(wei)王家周(zhou)委诸(zhu)侯法,此谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯周(zhou)委王家法也。
月终(zhong),则以官府(fu)之(zhi)叙受群吏(li)之(zhi)要。(主每月之(zhi)小计。)
[疏]“月终”至“之要”
○释曰:月计曰要,故每月月终,则使官府致其簿书之要。受之,当先尊後卑,故言叙。
○注“主每月之小计”
○释曰:言小计(ji),对下(xia)经(jing)岁会为大计(ji)也。若大会,则下(xia)文(wen)冢宰平(ping)之
赞冢宰受岁会,岁终,则令群吏致事。(使齐岁尽文书来至,若今上计。
○齐(qi),子兮反。上,时掌反,下同(tong)。)
[疏]“赞冢”至“致事”
○释曰:赞,助也。岁计曰会,言冢宰,则据百官总焉,谓助冢宰受一岁之计。云“岁终则令群吏致事”者,谓使六官各致一年功状,将来考之故也。
○注“使齐”至“上计”
○释曰:汉之(zhi)朝(chao)集使,谓(wei)之(zhi)上计吏,谓(wei)上一年计会文书及(ji)功状也。
正岁,帅治官之属而观治象之法,徇以木铎,曰:“不用法者,国有常刑。”(正岁,谓夏之正月。得四时之正,以出教令者,审也。古者将有新令,必奋木铎以警众,使明听也。木铎,木舌也。文事奋木铎,武事奋金铎。
○夏,户雅反(fan),後放此。)
[疏]“正岁”至“常刑”
○释曰:此则《大宰》周之“正月之吉,始和布之於天下”,至此建寅正岁之正月,悬之於象魏,其小宰亦助大宰,帅治官六十官之属及万民,而观治象之法,使知当年治政之法也。其时,小宰徇以木铎以警众曰:“不用法者,国有常刑。”欲使之用命,不犯刑也。
○注“正岁”至“金铎”
○释曰(yue):知正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)是(shi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),见《凌人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)十有二(er)月(yue)(yue),令斩冰”。若正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)是(shi)见子(zi)周正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),即(ji)今之(zhi)(zhi)十月(yue)(yue),冰未坚,不(bu)得斩之(zhi)(zhi)。言正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)“得四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”,周、殷则(ze)不(bu)得以(yi)(yi)此推之(zhi)(zhi)。诸言正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)岁(sui)(sui)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),是(shi)建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)。云(yun)(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)将有新令,必奋木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)以(yi)(yi)警(jing)众”者(zhe)(zhe),案《礼(li)记·檀(tan)弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun):自寝门至於(wu)(wu)库(ku)门,振木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)曰(yue):“舍故而讳新。”彼及此文,皆(jie)是(shi)有命奋木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)警(jing)众,使明(ming)听之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),木(mu)舌”者(zhe)(zhe),铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)金(jin)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)木(mu)为(wei)舌,则(ze)曰(yue)“木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)”,以(yi)(yi)金(jin)为(wei)舌,则(ze)曰(yue)“金(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“文事(shi)奋木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)”者(zhe)(zhe),此文及《檀(tan)弓(gong)》并(bing)《明(ming)堂位》曰(yue)“振木(mu)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)於(wu)(wu)朝”,天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)皆(jie)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“武事(shi)奋金(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)”者(zhe)(zhe),《鼓人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)“金(jin)铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)通鼓”,《大司马(ma)》云(yun)(yun)“两司马(ma)振铎(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
乃退,以宫(gong)(gong)刑宪禁于王(wang)宫(gong)(gong)。(宪谓表县之,若今新有法令云。)
[疏]注“宪谓”至“令云”
○释曰:凡刑禁(jin)(jin)皆(jie)出秋官。今云“宪禁(jin)(jin)”者,与(yu)布宪义同,故小宰得秋官刑禁(jin)(jin)文书(shu),表(biao)而县之於(wu)宫内也。
令(ling)于百官府(fu)曰:“各乃(nai)(nai)职,考乃(nai)(nai)法,待(dai)乃(nai)(nai)事,以听王命。其有(you)(you)不(bu)共,则国有(you)(you)大刑。”(乃(nai)(nai)犹女也。)
[疏]“令于”至“大刑”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此经於职末当廪于(yu)大宰,而令百(bai)官谨于(yu)此数(shu)事,以(yi)结之也。
宰夫之职,掌治朝之法,以正王及三公、六卿、大夫、群吏之位,掌其禁令。(治朝,在路门之外。其位,司士掌焉,宰夫察其不如仪。
○治(zhi),直吏反,注及下“之治(zhi)”、“赞治(zhi)”、“官掌其治(zhi)”皆同(tong)。朝,直遥反,後皆同(tong)。)
[疏]“宰夫”至“禁令”
○释曰:言“掌治朝之法,以正王及三公、六卿、大夫、群吏之位”者,案《司士》云:“正朝仪之位,辨其贵贱之等。王南乡,三公北面东上,孤东面北上,卿大夫西面北上。王族、故士、虎士在路门之右,南面东上;大仆从者在路门之左,南面西上。”此群吏即群士,是其位也。“掌其禁令”,即察其不如仪耳。
○注“治朝”至“如仪”
○释曰:知(zhi)(zhi)此治(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)在(zai)路(lu)门外(wai)(wai)者,燕(yan)朝(chao)(chao)在(zai)路(lu)寝庭,外(wai)(wai)朝(chao)(chao)在(zai)库门外(wai)(wai),其(qi)事(shi)希(xi)简,非常治(zhi)政(zheng)之所(suo)(suo)。此云(yun)治(zhi)朝(chao)(chao),是(shi)常治(zhi)事(shi)之朝(chao)(chao),故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)路(lu)门外(wai)(wai),夏官司士所(suo)(suo)掌(zhang)者。知(zhi)(zhi)“察其(qi)不如仪”者,宰夫与司士俱是(shi)下大夫,非赞(zan)治(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)。又(you)见经云(yun)“禁令”,知(zhi)(zhi)直(zhi)察其(qi)不如仪式者也(ye)。
叙群吏之(zhi)(zhi)治,以待宾(bin)客之(zhi)(zhi)令,诸臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)复(fu),万民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)逆(ni)。(恒次叙诸吏之(zhi)(zhi)职事(shi)。三者之(zhi)(zhi)来,则应(ying)使(shi)辨理之(zhi)(zhi)。郑司农云:“复(fu),请也(ye)。逆(ni),迎受王命者。宰夫主诸臣(chen)万民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)复(fu)逆(ni),故诗人重之(zhi)(zhi),曰‘家伯维(wei)宰’。”玄谓复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)言报(bao)(bao)也(ye),反(fan)也(ye)。反(fan)报(bao)(bao)於(wu)王,谓於(wu)朝廷奏事(shi)。自下(xia)而(er)上曰逆(ni),逆(ni)谓上书。)
[疏]“叙群”至“之逆”
○释曰:此宰夫次叙群吏、诸臣等之治职,即以待宾客已下三事,使之应答,不阙於事也。言“以待宾客之令”,此一者,谓若《大宗伯》“朝觐会同则为上相”,《肆师》云“大朝觐佐傧”,及大小行人、掌客、掌讶、委人、遗人之属,皆是待宾客之官,使辨理之也。云“诸臣之复”,此其二者。案《夏官·小臣职》云“掌三公及孤卿之复逆”。复逆并掌之。此不言逆者,但宰夫直次之,不掌事,故於文略也。又案《夏官·大仆职》云“掌诸侯之复逆”。此诸臣中兼之。此宰夫恒叙大仆、小臣等辨理此复逆之事也。云“万民之逆”,此三也者。案《夏官·御仆职》“掌群吏、庶民之复逆”。彼群吏,与此经群吏为群臣别,故郑彼注:“群吏,府史以下”。此不言群吏及复,亦是文略也。此宰夫次叙御仆,使辨理府史万民复逆也。
○注“恒次”至“上书”
○释曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)农云(yun)(yun)“复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),请(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。逆(ni)(ni)(ni),迎受(shou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),是(shi)报白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)请(qing),故(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)。又王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)既出(chu),在下(xia)(xia)(xia)受(shou)而(er)(er)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)得云(yun)(yun)“逆(ni)(ni)(ni)”。逆(ni)(ni)(ni)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),不(bu)为(wei)(wei)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)从(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)“宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫主诸(zhu)臣(chen)万民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)(ni),故(gu)(gu)诗人重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰家伯维宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),知彼宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非大(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),而(er)(er)当此(ci)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),维宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在司(si)(si)徒(tu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)、膳夫上(shang)(shang),故(gu)(gu)知是(shi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)先郑(zheng)(zheng)以官(guan)次第当宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫。案(an)郑(zheng)(zheng)彼注(zhu)“冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)掌建邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六典(dian),皆(jie)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,不(bu)从(cong)(cong)司(si)(si)农者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)经单(dan)称宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)大(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。若(ruo)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫,无(wu)单(dan)言(yan)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然(ran),大(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在司(si)(si)徒(tu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼以权宠(chong)为(wei)(wei)次,不(bu)以尊卑。故(gu)(gu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)史(shi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)夫在膳夫上(shang)(shang)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),师(shi)氏中(zhong)大(da)(da)夫在趣马下(xia)(xia)(xia)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)报也(ye)(ye)(ye),反(fan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)群臣(chen)受(shou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming),使臣(chen)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),讫(qi),反(fan)报於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“朝廷奏(zou)事(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“自(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)曰逆(ni)(ni)(ni)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)自(zi)上(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)曰“顺”,故(gu)(gu)自(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)曰“逆(ni)(ni)(ni)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)上(shang)(shang)书(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)表也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),据《夏官(guan)》诸(zhu)侯诸(zhu)臣(chen)万民(min)皆(jie)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)并有,则(ze)此(ci)亦皆(jie)有上(shang)(shang)书(shu)奏(zou)事(shi)耳。司(si)(si)农於(wu)此(ci)注(zhu)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)请(qing),逆(ni)(ni)(ni)为(wei)(wei)迎受(shou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)(cong)。及至《夏官(guan)·大(da)(da)仆》先郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)(wei)奏(zou)事(shi),逆(ni)(ni)(ni)谓(wei)(wei)受(shou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)奏(zou)”,即(ji)与後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)彼後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然(ran),是(shi)先郑(zheng)(zheng)两解(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《内(nei)(nei)(nei)竖》云(yun)(yun)“掌外内(nei)(nei)(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)令,凡(fan)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“内(nei)(nei)(nei),后六宫。外,卿大(da)(da)夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。使童竖通(tong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)内(nei)(nei)(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)。给小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其无(wu)与为(wei)(wei)礼(li),出(chu)入便疾(ji)。内(nei)(nei)(nei)外以大(da)(da)事(shi)闻王(wang)(wang)(wang),则(ze)大(da)(da)事(shi)俟朝而(er)(er)自(zi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”若(ruo)然(ran),何须(xu)更有小(xiao)(xiao)臣(chen)等复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)乎(hu)?然(ran)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一日万机,或有俟朝自(zi)复(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),有大(da)(da)事(shi)急促不(bu)得待朝,即(ji)须(xu)非时通(tong)传,使闻彻在上(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
掌百官府之徵令,辨其八职:一曰正,掌官法以治要;二曰师,掌官成以治凡;三曰司,掌官法以治目;四曰旅,掌官常以治数;五曰府,掌官契以治藏;六曰史,掌官书以赞治;七曰胥,掌官叙以治叙;八曰徒,掌官令以徵令。(别异诸官之八职,以备王之徵召所为。正,辟於治官,则冢宰也。治要,若岁计也。师,辟小宰、宰夫也。治凡,若月计也。司,辟上士、中士。治目,若今日计也。旅,辟下士也。治数,每事多少异也。治藏,藏文书及器物。赞治,若令起文书草也。治叙,次序官中,如今侍曹伍伯传吏朝也。徵令,趋走给召呼。
○藏,才(cai)浪(lang)反,注“治藏”同。别,彼列反。辟於,音譬,本亦作譬,下皆同。传,直专反。)
[疏]“掌百”至“徵令”
○释曰:言“掌百官府之徵令,辨其八职”者,谓总王朝三百六十官,以备王之所徵召及施令,若不分别其职,则徵召无所指斥,故须分辨三百六十职也。
○“一曰正”者,正,长也。六卿下各有属六十,故六卿称正也。云“掌官法”者,掌当官之法也。“以治要”者,要,谓大计要也。
○注“别异”至“召呼”
○释曰(yue):记(ji)“正(zheng)(zheng)”已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)八职,皆(jie)备王(wang)召呼,则正(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)备王(wang)召呼及所为(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“正(zheng)(zheng),辟(pi)(pi)(pi)於(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),则冢宰(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)六(liu)(liu)卿异(yi)(yi)目,或称大宰(zai)(zai),或称司(si)徒(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,尊卑(bei)相(xiang)似。正(zheng)(zheng),长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),每职各为(wei)一(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)总(zong)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非一(yi)(yi),相(xiang)比(bi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)举天官(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),馀(yu)可知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)要(yao),若(ruo)(ruo)岁计(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen),岁终云(yun)(yun)(yun)会,月(yue)终云(yun)(yun)(yun)要(yao),旬(xun)终云(yun)(yun)(yun)成。此(ci)(ci)岁云(yun)(yun)(yun)要(yao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但六(liu)(liu)卿下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)要(yao),不云(yun)(yun)(yun)会,以(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)当(dang)会处,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)为(wei)岁计(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“师,辟(pi)(pi)(pi)小宰(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)“四(si)曰(yue)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸官(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)名(ming)(ming)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)。其(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),有上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)差次(ci),当(dang)“三曰(yue)司(si)”。上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)差次(ci),有小宰(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)夫,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知“二(er)曰(yue)师”当(dang)小宰(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),皆(jie)有此(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)小司(si)徒(tu)(tu)、乡师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)师者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异(yi)(yi)目,尊卑(bei)相(xiang)次(ci),故(gu)(gu)(gu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)凡,若(ruo)(ruo)月(yue)计(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)(shang)要(yao)既(ji)(ji)当(dang)岁会,故(gu)(gu)(gu)治(zhi)(zhi)凡当(dang)“月(yue)计(ji)曰(yue)要(yao)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si),辟(pi)(pi)(pi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)题目有异(yi)(yi),若(ruo)(ruo)大司(si)马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)舆司(si)马,中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)行司(si)马,与诸官(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不同(tong)(tong)(tong),尊卑(bei)相(xiang)似,故(gu)(gu)(gu)总(zong)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司(si)马,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)各有职司(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)司(si),故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)目若(ruo)(ruo)今(jin)日(ri)(ri)计(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从“治(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)”向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)治(zhi)(zhi)目当(dang)“日(ri)(ri)计(ji)曰(yue)成”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)日(ri)(ri)计(ji)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“旅(lv)(lv)(lv),辟(pi)(pi)(pi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)无所兼,故(gu)(gu)(gu)存本号曰(yue)旅(lv)(lv)(lv),亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)号曰(yue)旅(lv)(lv)(lv),故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)曰(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)数(shu),每事多(duo)少异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)治(zhi)(zhi)目当(dang)日(ri)(ri)计(ji),此(ci)(ci)治(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)无数(shu),当(dang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)称旅(lv)(lv)(lv),理众事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)为(wei)每事多(duo)少解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)藏,藏文(wen)书(shu)及器物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)府,府者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),主以(yi)(yi)(yi)藏物,故(gu)(gu)(gu)藏当(dang)司(si)文(wen)书(shu)及当(dang)司(si)器物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“赞(zan)(zan)治(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)(ruo)今(jin)起文(wen)书(shu)草(cao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),起文(wen)书(shu)草(cao),乃後判决,是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)赞(zan)(zan)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),故(gu)(gu)(gu)称赞(zan)(zan)治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治(zhi)(zhi)叙,次(ci)序(xu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既(ji)(ji)有才智,为(wei)什长(zhang)(zhang),当(dang)次(ci)序(xu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong),须人(ren)(ren)驱役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,则科次(ci)其(qi)徒(tu)(tu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)次(ci)叙官(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如今(jin)侍曹五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)传(chuan)吏朝(chao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉时(shi)五(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)伍。伯(bo),长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)。言(yan)(yan)传(chuan)吏朝(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),传(chuan)在朝(chao)群吏诸官(guan)(guan)(guan)事务於(wu)朝(chao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。胥为(wei)什长(zhang)(zhang)亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)举汉法(fa)况之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“徵(zhi)令趋走(zou)给召呼”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)徒(tu)(tu)止为(wei)在朝(chao)趋走(zou),供给官(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)召呼使(shi)役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
掌治法以考百官府、群都县鄙之治,乘其财用之出入。凡失财用物辟名者,以官刑诏冢宰而诛之。其足用、长财、善物者,赏之。(群都,诸采邑也。六遂五百家为鄙,五鄙为县。言县鄙而六乡州党亦存焉。乘犹计也。财,泉也。用,货贿也。物,畜兽也。辟名,诈为书,以空作见,文书与实不相应也。官刑,在《司寇》五刑第四者。
○辟名,徐(xu)芳石反(fan),刘芳益反(fan),干(gan)云:“不当(dang)也。”畜,许又反(fan)。见,贤遍反(fan)。)
[疏]“掌治”至“赏之”
○释曰:宰夫是句考之官,故以治法考百官府及群都县鄙乡遂之内治功善恶也。言“乘计其财用之出入”者,谓上数处用官物者,当乘计其用财之出入,知其多少。云“凡失财用、物辟名”者,谓失官家财及用与物三者而辟名者,以官刑诏告冢宰,长官诛责之也。有足用,用之能足。长财,财又能长。善物,物又能善。如此者,赏之。
○注“群都”至“四者”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“群(qun)都,诸采邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓大都、小都、家邑(yi)三处(chu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui),五百家为(wei)鄙,五鄙为(wei)县”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)》文。云(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)州党亦存焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)在外(wai),尚考(kao)之;六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)在内,考(kao)之可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举外(wai)以包内也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“乘犹计也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),计者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),法乘除之名,出於此也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“财(cai),泉也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上“九(jiu)(jiu)赋敛财(cai)贿”已(yi)释讫。云(yun)(yun)“用(yong),货(huo)贿也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《内府(fu)》云(yun)(yun):“掌受(shou)九(jiu)(jiu)贡、九(jiu)(jiu)赋、九(jiu)(jiu)功之货(huo)贿,以待邦之大用(yong)。”故知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)中有货(huo)贿也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“物(wu),畜(chu)兽也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《兽人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)“掌罟田兽,辨(bian)其名物(wu),及春秋献(xian)兽物(wu)。”又《牧人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)“掌牧六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)而阜蕃(fan)其物(wu)”,以此知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中有畜(chu)有兽也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“辟名,诈为(wei)书,以空作见,文书与实(shi)不相应(ying)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其人(ren)(ren)失财(cai)用(yong)物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)诈为(wei)文书,以空物(wu)作见在,文书与实(shi)物(wu)不相应(ying),是罪人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“官刑(xing)(xing)在《司(si)寇》五刑(xing)(xing)第四(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼司(si)寇掌五刑(xing)(xing),其“四(si)曰官刑(xing)(xing),上能纠(jiu)职”是也(ye)(ye)。
以式法掌祭祀之戒(jie)具与(yu)其(qi)荐羞,从大(da)宰(zai)而礼(li)涤濯。(荐,脯醢也。羞,庶羞,内羞。)
[疏]“以式”至“涤濯”
○释曰:言“式法”者,谓祭祀大小,皆有旧法式,依而戒敕,使共具之。云“与其荐羞”者,谓亦戒具之也。云“从大宰而视涤濯”者,上《大宰职》已云“祀五帝视涤濯”,此宰夫又从大宰视之也。
○注“荐脯”至“内羞”
○释(shi)曰:案《仪礼·乡饮酒》、《乡射》、《燕礼》诸单言“荐”者,皆是脯醢(hai),故知(zhi)此荐亦脯醢(hai)。云“羞(xiu)(xiu),庶羞(xiu)(xiu)、内(nei)羞(xiu)(xiu)”者,庶羞(xiu)(xiu)谓天子八豆、诸侯六豆之等(deng),内(nei)羞(xiu)(xiu)谓祭祀(si)食後所(suo)加,言“内(nei)”者,《少牢(lao)》所(suo)谓“房中(zhong)之羞(xiu)(xiu)”,糗饵粉是也。
凡礼事,赞小宰比官府之具。(比,校次之。
○比,如字,注同,戚毗志反。)
[疏]注“比校次之”
○释曰:上小宰(zai)於七事已言“以(yi)法掌(zhang)戒具”,此宰(zai)夫(fu)赞小宰(zai)校次之,使知(zhi)善恶(e)足否也。
凡朝觐、会同、宾客,以牢礼之法掌其牢礼、委积、膳献、饮食、宾赐之飧牵,与其陈数。(牢礼之法,多少之差及其时也。三牲牛羊豕具为一牢。委积,谓牢米薪刍给宾客道用也。膳献,禽羞ㄈ献也。饮食,燕飨也。郑司农云:“飧,夕食也。《春秋传》曰‘飧有陪鼎’。牵牲,牢可牵而行者。《春秋传》曰‘饩牵竭矣。’玄谓飧,客始至所致礼。凡此礼陈数存可见者,唯有《行人》、《掌客》及《聘礼》、《公食大夫》。
○委积,上於(wu)伪反,下(xia)子赐反,此二字相连,皆(jie)同(tong)此音(yin)。饮,郑、徐於(wu)鸩反,注同(tong)。食(shi),音(yin)嗣,注“饮食(shi)”、“公食(shi)”同(tong)。飧,音(yin)孙。牵,一本(ben)作“宾赐掌其飧牵”。干本(ben)同(tong)。ㄈ,昌六反。)
[疏]“凡朝”至“陈数”
○释曰:上《大宰》云“大朝觐,会同”,彼言大,谓朝觐为会同而来。今此朝觐不言大,则朝觐自是四时常朝及会同,皆有宾客也。云“以牢礼之法”者,五等诸侯来朝,天子待之,自有常法,若大行人、掌客者也。云“掌其牢礼”者,下别言委积之等,则此牢礼谓饔饩之礼。若然,委积是宾未至时在道所设。《聘礼》云“聘日致饔”,则饔饩是朝日致之矣。今在委积上者,以饔饩是礼之大者,故先言之。且委积非直宾来时共之,宾去亦共之,在下亦其宜。若然,飧牢皆杀,而云飧牵者,以《掌客》云“积视飧牵”,据积而言之也。
○注“牢礼”至“大夫”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)法,多少之(zhi)(zhi)差”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)行(xing)人》“上(shang)公饔(yong)饩(xi)九(jiu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),飨礼(li)(li)(li)(li)九(jiu)献(xian),食(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)九(jiu)举(ju)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)(deng),其(qi)(qi)侯伯降二(er)等(deng)(deng),以(yi)七为(wei)节;子(zi)男又(you)(you)降二(er)等(deng)(deng),以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)节也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《掌客(ke)(ke)》云(yun)(yun):“上(shang)公飧(sun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)积(ji)(ji),侯伯飧(sun)四(si)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)、四(si)积(ji)(ji),子(zi)男飧(sun)三(san)(san)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)、三(san)(san)积(ji)(ji)”,是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“及(ji)其(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun),宾至(zhi),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)帅至(zhi)于馆(guan),即(ji)(ji)言宰夫(fu)(fu)朝(chao)服(fu)设飧(sun)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun),聘日致饔(yong),即(ji)(ji)天子(zi)待(dai)(dai)诸侯亦(yi)(yi)然。其(qi)(qi)委(wei)积(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)来至(zhi)去,在道(dao)而(er)设之(zhi)(zhi),并是(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,此(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),并是(shi)(shi)掌客(ke)(ke)所(suo)主。今(jin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)复言之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)宰夫(fu)(fu)虽(sui)非正职,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)主陈(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi),当(dang)知其(qi)(qi)数,故(gu)言之(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)牲牛羊(yang)豕具为(wei)一(yi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)依《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》卿韦弁(bian)归饔(yong)饩(xi)於馆(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao):饪一(yi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)设於西阶,腥(xing)二(er)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)设於东阶,牵(qian)二(er)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)陈(chen)(chen)于门内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)西,北首。以(yi)牛一(yi)、羊(yang)一(yi)、豕一(yi),称牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),此(ci)(ci)(ci)既以(yi)经牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)饔(yong)饩(xi),故(gu)还引(yin)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》顺饔(yong)饩(xi)以(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“委(wei)积(ji)(ji),谓(wei)(wei)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)米薪(xin)刍,给宾客(ke)(ke)道(dao)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《掌客(ke)(ke)》云(yun)(yun)“积(ji)(ji)视(shi)飧(sun)牵(qian)”,飧(sun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刍薪(xin)及(ji)米,明(ming)委(wei)积(ji)(ji)在道(dao)所(suo)设,亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刍米薪(xin)蒸也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且《地官·遗人》云(yun)(yun):“十里(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)庐(lu),庐(lu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)饮(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi);三(san)(san)十里(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宿,宿有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)委(wei);五(wu)(wu)(wu)十里(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)市,市有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)积(ji)(ji)。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)委(wei)积(ji)(ji)给客(ke)(ke)道(dao)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“膳献(xian),禽羞(xiu)ㄈ献(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》文。彼注云(yun)(yun)“禽羞(xiu),谓(wei)(wei)成(cheng)孰有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)齐和者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。ㄈ献(xian),四(si)时(shi)(shi)珍(zhen)美新物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。ㄈ,始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言其(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)可献(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《聘义》谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)赐(ci)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“饮(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)飨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)飨解饮(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)饮(yin)入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)飨中(zhong)。不(bu)解经中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经中(zhong)言食(shi)(shi)(shi),则食(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)自(zi)明(ming)。今(jin)云(yun)(yun)“饮(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见饮(yin)入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),可知飨中(zhong)又(you)(you)兼燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)与(yu)食(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)飨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)米有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酒(jiu)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。司农云(yun)(yun)“飧(sun),夕(xi)(xi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)郑(zheng)以(yi)飧(sun)字夕(xi)(xi)下为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)(ji)为(wei)夕(xi)(xi)食(shi)(shi)(shi),但(dan)客(ke)(ke)至(zhi)即(ji)(ji)设,不(bu)要(yao)待(dai)(dai)夕(xi)(xi),故(gu)後郑(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《春秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)饩(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陪(pei)鼎(ding)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左氏》昭五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian),楚启︹曰(yue)(yue)“宴有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)好货,飧(sun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陪(pei)鼎(ding)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《春秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)饩(xi)牵(qian)竭”矣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左氏》僖三(san)(san)十三(san)(san)年(nian),郑(zheng)皇武(wu)子(zi)辞(ci)秦客(ke)(ke)杞子(zi)等(deng)(deng)云(yun)(yun)“唯(wei)是(shi)(shi)脯资饩(xi)牵(qian)竭矣”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)宾客(ke)(ke)始(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)所(suo)致礼(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)先(xian)郑(zheng)。案《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》,客(ke)(ke)始(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)帅至(zhi)于馆(guan),宰夫(fu)(fu)朝(chao)服(fu)设飧(sun),不(bu)待(dai)(dai)至(zhi)夕(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)陈(chen)(chen)数存可见者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《行(xing)人》、《掌客(ke)(ke)》及(ji)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《公食(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)(san)千条内(nei),具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),但(dan)亡灭(mie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多。今(jin)存可见者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《大(da)行(xing)人》、《掌客(ke)(ke)》,是(shi)(shi)待(dai)(dai)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《公食(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)》,是(shi)(shi)待(dai)(dai)聘客(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)法。皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陈(chen)(chen)数,考校(xiao)可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡邦之吊事,掌其戒令,与其币器财用凡所共者。(吊事,吊诸侯、诸臣。币,所用赙也。器,所致明器也。凡丧,始死吊而含衤遂,葬而赠,其间加恩厚,则有赙焉。《春秋》讥武氏子来求赙。
○赙,音附。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“共者”
○释曰:吊,谓王使人吊诸侯,自吊诸臣。须从王行者,并有赠丧之具。百官当共,故宰夫总戒令之,与其币器财用,凡所共者也。
○注“吊事”至“求赙”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):案(an)《大宗(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun):“以丧礼(li)(li)哀(ai)死(si)亡。”《礼(li)(li)记·檀(tan)弓》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君临臣(chen)丧,巫祝桃执戈(ge),恶之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”天子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),吊诸(zhu)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)左氏》“王(wang)使荣叔(shu)归(gui)含(han)且”,是有(you)吊法(fa),故(gu)云(yun)“吊诸(zhu)侯诸(zhu)臣(chen)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“币(bi)(bi),所(suo)用赙(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案(an)《公羊传》,口(kou)实曰(yue)(yue)(yue)含(han),车马曰(yue)(yue)(yue),衣服曰(yue)(yue)(yue)礻遂。币(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)入含(han)礻遂中(zhong),故(gu)知是赙(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“器(qi),所(suo)用致明(ming)(ming)器(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案(an)《仪礼(li)(li)·既(ji)夕礼(li)(li)》云(yun)“若就(jiu)器(qi),则(ze)(ze)坐奠于陈”,注云(yun):“就(jiu),犹(you)善也(ye)(ye)(ye)。赠无常,唯玩好。”则(ze)(ze)此赠与(yu)人(ren),亦(yi)是宾客(ke)就(jiu)器(qi)。而(er)(er)云(yun)明(ming)(ming)器(qi)者(zhe),相对言之(zhi)(zhi)。则(ze)(ze)《檀(tan)弓》云(yun)“竹不(bu)(bu)成用,瓦不(bu)(bu)成味,木(mu)不(bu)(bu)成斫,琴瑟张而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)”之(zhi)(zhi)等,是主人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)器(qi)。宾客(ke)所(suo)致者(zhe),谓之(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)器(qi)。就(jiu),成也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓善作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi),名为(wei)就(jiu)器(qi)。总而(er)(er)言之(zhi)(zhi),皆是神明(ming)(ming)死(si)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),故(gu)此就(jiu)器(qi)亦(yi)名明(ming)(ming)器(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“凡(fan)丧,始死(si)吊而(er)(er)含(han)礻遂,葬而(er)(er)赠,其间加(jia)恩厚(hou),则(ze)(ze)有(you)赙(fu)焉”,言此者(zhe),欲见赙(fu)非(fei)正礼(li)(li),其赙(fu)乃是於(wu)死(si)者(zhe)恩厚(hou),乃加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)《礼(li)(li)记》云(yun)“吊丧不(bu)(bu)能赙(fu),不(bu)(bu)问其所(suo)费”,是恩厚(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》讥武(wu)氏子(zi)(zi)(zi)来(lai)求(qiu)赙(fu)”者(zhe),隐公三年《公羊》文。案(an)《公羊》云(yun):“武(wu)氏子(zi)(zi)(zi)来(lai)求(qiu)赙(fu),何以书?讥。何讥尔?丧事无求(qiu),求(qiu)赙(fu),非(fei)礼(li)(li)。”何休云(yun):“礼(li)(li)本(ben)为(wei)有(you)财者(zhe)制,有(you)则(ze)(ze)送之(zhi)(zhi),无则(ze)(ze)致哀(ai)而(er)(er)已。不(bu)(bu)当(dang)求(qiu),求(qiu)则(ze)(ze)皇皇伤(shang)孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)心。”“盖(gai)通於(wu)下”,何休云(yun):“云(yun)尔者(zhe),嫌天子(zi)(zi)(zi)财多不(bu)(bu)当(dang)求(qiu),下财少(shao)可求(qiu),故(gu)明(ming)(ming)皆不(bu)(bu)当(dang)求(qiu)。”郑引(yin)此者(zhe),见王(wang)於(wu)诸(zhu)侯、诸(zhu)臣(chen)有(you)归(gui)则(ze)(ze)尔,诸(zhu)侯、诸(zhu)臣(chen)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)得求(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。颜(yan)路(lu)请(qing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)车,孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)与(yu),亦(yi)是不(bu)(bu)合求(qiu),故(gu)抑之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大丧小丧,掌小官之戒令,帅执事而治之。(大丧,王、后、世子也。小丧,夫人以下。小官,士也。其大官,则冢宰掌其戒令。治谓共辨。
○辨(bian),簿苋反(fan)。)
[疏]“大丧”至“治之”
○释曰:其小官士以下,则此宰夫戒令诸官有事者也。
○注“大丧”至“共辨”
○释曰:《大(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)》云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)丧赞赠玉(yu)(yu)含(han)(han)玉(yu)(yu)”,《宗伯》云(yun)“朝觐会同(tong)则(ze)为(wei)上相(xiang),大(da)(da)(da)丧亦(yi)如之”,《郁人(ren)》、《鬯人(ren)》俱云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)丧之氵弭”,《典瑞(rui)》云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)丧共(gong)饭玉(yu)(yu)、含(han)(han)玉(yu)(yu)”,彼皆(jie)据王(wang)丧,唯(wei)《司寇》云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)丧前王(wang)”,以为(wei)嗣王(wang),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)后(hou)世子丧者,彼皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)对小丧。此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)丧对小丧,亦(yi)王(wang)所申(shen)服,故注为(wei)王(wang)、后(hou)、世子也。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)庶子,文不(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)。云(yun)“小官(guan),士也”者,宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu),下大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)所掌(zhang),而(er)言(yan)小官(guan),明是士可知。云(yun)“其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)官(guan),则(ze)冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)掌(zhang)其(qi)戒(jie)令”者,冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)者,文不(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)。云(yun)“治(zhi)谓(wei)共(gong)辨”者,谓(wei)当职(zhi)合(he)共(gong)者供辨之。
三(san)公、六卿之(zhi)丧(sang),与职丧(sang)帅(shuai)官(guan)有(you)司而(er)治(zhi)之(zhi)。凡诸大夫之(zhi)丧(sang),使其旅帅(shuai)有(you)司而(er)治(zhi)之(zhi)。(旅,冢宰下(xia)士。)
[疏]“三公”至“治之”
○释曰:三公(gong)六(liu)卿丧尊,故宰夫(fu)与春官(guan)职丧帅其於(wu)(wu)丧家(jia)有(you)事官(guan)有(you)司而治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦谓(wei)共辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧卑,宰夫(fu)不自为,使在己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,其旅(lv)三十有(you)二人,帅有(you)事於(wu)(wu)丧家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)司而治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦谓(wei)共辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。
岁终则令群吏正岁会,月终则令正月要,旬终则令正日成,而以考其治。治不以时举者,以告而诛之。(岁终自,周季冬。正犹定也。旬,十日也。治不时举者,谓违时令失期会。
○会,如字。)
[疏]“岁终”至“诛之”
○释曰:言周之岁终十二月则令群吏,群吏则六十官。“正岁会”,正犹定也,谓一年会计文书,总句考之。岁计曰会也。“月终则令正月要”者,谓每月终,则令群吏正其月要。月要,谓“月计曰要”也。“旬终”,谓每旬终,则令群吏正其日成。日成,谓“日计曰成”也。云“而以考其治”者,言会要成,总考之。云“治不以时举”者,谓文书稽滞者,故郑云“违时令失期会”也。云“以告而诛之”者,谓告冢宰而诛责之也。
○注“岁终”至“期会”
○释曰:知(zhi)岁(sui)终(zhong)是(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)冬(dong)者(zhe),以其正(zheng)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉始(shi)和,彼(bi)正(zheng)月是(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月,始(shi)和布治于天下,至今岁(sui)终(zhong)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)一岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)终(zhong)。故知(zhi)非(fei)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)终(zhong)也。云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)犹定(ding)”者(zhe),以其文书定(ding)乃可考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故为(wei)定(ding)也。云(yun)(yun)“旬(xun)(xun),十日(ri)(ri)(ri)也”者(zhe),上文云(yun)(yun)“前期十日(ri)(ri)(ri)”,《少牢(lao)》云(yun)(yun)“旬(xun)(xun)有(you)一日(ri)(ri)(ri)”,旬(xun)(xun)与十日(ri)(ri)(ri)正(zheng)同,故知(zhi)旬(xun)(xun)十日(ri)(ri)(ri)也。
正岁,则以法警戒群吏,令宫中之职事。(警,敕戒之言。郑司农云:“正岁之正月,以法戒敕群吏。”
○警,京领反。)
[疏]“正岁”至“职事”
○释曰:正(zheng)岁(sui)乃夏之(zhi)正(zheng)月,是其岁(sui)始,故以法(fa)警(jing)戒群吏,令(ling)宫中(zhong)之(zhi)职事(shi),以谨敕之(zhi)也。
书其能者(zhe)与(yu)其良(liang)者(zhe),而(er)以告于上(shang)(shang)。(良(liang)犹善也。上(shang)(shang)谓小宰、大宰也。郑司农云:“若(ruo)今时举孝廉、贤(xian)良(liang)方正、茂(mao)才(cai)异等(deng)。”)
[疏]“书其”至“于上”
○释曰:上云“令宫中之职事”,则此谓宫中诸吏也。正岁之正月,则豫选之,拟至岁终当举之也。
○注“良犹”至“异等”
○释曰:知(zhi)上是小宰(zai)、大宰(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),以其承上文岁始,未是赏时(shi)(shi),且长自告于王(wang),知(zhi)上非王(wang),是小宰(zai)、大宰(zai)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)“若今举孝廉”者(zhe)(zhe),谓孝弟、廉洁(jie)。贤良(liang),即经(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)“良(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)”,谓有贤行而(er)良(liang)善也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“方正”者(zhe)(zhe),人虽无别行,而(er)有方幅正直者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“茂(mao)才”者(zhe)(zhe),汉光武讳秀(xiu),时(shi)(shi)号(hao)为“茂(mao)才”,即经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“异等(deng)(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe),四科不(bu)同,等(deng)(deng)级各(ge)异,故云(yun)(yun)异等(deng)(deng),此(ci)经(jing)据(ju)宫中(zhong)(zhong)子弟,先(xian)郑所云(yun)(yun)不(bu)要宫中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)人,引之(zhi)况义耳。
宫正掌王宫之戒令、纠(jiu)禁。(纠(jiu)犹割也,察(cha)也。)
[疏]注“纠犹”至“察也”
○释曰(yue):案下经王宫中有官府,故掌王宫之(zhi)戒令之(zhi)事。有过失者(zhe),已发(fa)则纠而(er)割察之(zhi),其未发(fa)则禁之(zhi)也。
以时比宫中之官府次舍之众寡,(时,四时。比,校次其人之在否。官府之在宫中者,若膳夫、玉府、内宰、内史之属。次,诸吏直宿,若今时部署诸庐者。舍,其所居寺。
○比,徐方履反(fan),一音(yin)毗志反(fan),注下并(bing)同。宿,戚(qi)如字,刘息就(jiu)反(fan),下同。)
[疏]“以时”至“众寡”
○释曰:以四时校比宫中见住在王宫中者之官府,及宿卫者次舍之众寡也。
○注“时四”至“居寺”
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)时(shi)是寻常(chang)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故为(wei)四(si)时(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)。案《地官(guan)·乡师》云(yun):“以岁时(shi)巡国及野,而万(wan)民之(zhi)(zhi)<喜>厄,郑(zheng)彼(bi)注:“时(shi),随其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)。”不(bu)为(wei)四(si)时(shi)解者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)据(ju)(ju)<喜>厄非常(chang),故为(wei)随其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),不(bu)得为(wei)四(si)时(shi)也。云(yun)“官(guan)府之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)宫(gong)中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)膳(shan)夫、玉府等(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)言在(zai)“宫(gong)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)府”,是执(zhi)掌重事(shi)(shi)(shi)、美物(wu)及饮(yin)食,乃得在(zai)王(wang)宫(gong),故知是此(ci)人(ren)等(deng)。云(yun)“次(ci),诸(zhu)吏(li)直宿,若(ruo)今(jin)(jin)时(shi)部署诸(zhu)庐”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)次(ci),谓若(ruo)《匠人(ren)》云(yun)“外有(you)九(jiu)室,九(jiu)卿治之(zhi)(zhi)”,即(ji)《诗》云(yun)“子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)馆兮(xi)”,郑(zheng)云(yun)“卿士所(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)馆,在(zai)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)中(zhong),如(ru)今(jin)(jin)部署诸(zhu)庐”。彼(bi)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与此(ci)“次(ci)”为(wei)一物(wu),此(ci)据(ju)(ju)宫(gong)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)府。下《宫(gong)伯(bo)》云(yun)“授八(ba)次(ci)八(ba)舍”,郑(zheng)注“卫王(wang)宫(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。彼(bi)据(ju)(ju)宫(gong)中(zhong)官(guan)府子(zi)弟。云(yun)“舍,其(qi)所(suo)居寺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),寺即(ji)舍也,是官(guan)府退息之(zhi)(zhi)处。
为之版以待(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),(郑司农云(yun):“为官府(fu)次(ci)舍之版图也(ye)。待(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),待(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)比也(ye)。”玄谓版其人之名籍。待(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),待(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)戒令(ling)及比。)
[疏]“为之版以待”
○释曰:版,谓宿卫人名籍,为宫正执籍校比之也。
○注“郑司农”至“及比”
○释曰(yue):先郑以版为(wei)“官府次舍之版图(tu)(tu)”者,先郑於“八成”注云:“版,名籍。图(tu)(tu),地图(tu)(tu)。”此(ci)注连言(yan)图(tu)(tu),其版即名籍,与後郑义(yi)同。後郑以为(wei)人名籍者,增成先郑义(yi)也。
夕击柝而比之。(夕,莫也。莫行夜以比直宿者,为其有解惰离部署。郑司农云:“柝,戒守者所击也。《易》曰:‘重门击柝,以待暴客。’《春秋传》曰:‘鲁击柝,闻於邾。’”
○柝(tuo),吐各(ge)反(fan)(fan)。莫,音(yin)暮,本(ben)亦(yi)作暮。行,下孟反(fan)(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)(fan),下注皆同。解(jie),佳(jia)卖反(fan)(fan)。惰,徒帅反(fan)(fan)。离,力(li)智反(fan)(fan)。重,直龙反(fan)(fan)。闻,音(yin)问,又(you)如字。)
[疏]“夕击柝而比之”
○释曰:既得名籍,至夕暮击柝校比之,恐其解惰也。
○注“夕莫”至“於邾”
○释曰(yue):後郑云(yun)(yun)“莫(mo)行夜以(yi)比直宿”者,谓直宿,即坐(zuo)持(chi)更之(zhi)人,则(ze)行夜者,击(ji)(ji)(ji)柝(tuo)校比直宿人。故(gu)先郑云(yun)(yun)“柝(tuo),戒守者所(suo)击(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)”。“《易(yi)》曰(yue)”者,是(shi)(shi)《易(yi)·系辞》文。彼又云(yun)(yun)“盖取诸(zhu)豫”。郑玄注云(yun)(yun):“豫,坤(kun)下震(zhen)上。九四体震(zhen),又互(hu)体有艮。艮为(wei)(wei)门(men),震(zhen),日(ri)所(suo)出,亦为(wei)(wei)门(men),重门(men)象。艮又为(wei)(wei)手。巽,爻(yao)也(ye),应在(zai)四,皆(jie)木(mu)也(ye)。手持(chi)二(er)木(mu)也(ye)。手持(chi)二(er)木(mu)以(yi)相(xiang)敲,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)击(ji)(ji)(ji)柝(tuo),击(ji)(ji)(ji)柝(tuo)为(wei)(wei)守备(bei)警戒也(ye)。四又互(hu)体为(wei)(wei)坎,坎为(wei)(wei)盗,五离爻(yao)为(wei)(wei)甲(jia)胄戈兵。盗,谓持(chi)兵是(shi)(shi)暴(bao)客也(ye)。又以(yi)其卦(gua)为(wei)(wei)豫,有守备(bei),则(ze)不(bu)可自逸”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《春秋传》曰(yue)”者,《左氏》哀七年:秋,鲁伐邾。茅成(cheng)子请告于吴,不(bu)许,曰(yue):“鲁击(ji)(ji)(ji)柝(tuo),闻於邾,吴二(er)千里,不(bu)三月不(bu)至,何(he)及(ji)於我(wo)。”引之(zhi)证击(ji)(ji)(ji)柝(tuo)之(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)。
国有故,则令宿,其比亦如之。(郑司农云:“故谓祸灾。令宿,宿卫王宫。《春秋传》曰:‘忘守必危,况有灾乎。’”玄谓故,凡非常也。《文王世子》曰:“公有出︹之政,庶子以公族之无事者守於公宫,正室守大庙,诸父守贵宫、贵室,诸子、诸孙守下宫、下室。”此谓诸侯也。王之庶子职掌国子之ヘ,国有大事则帅国子而致於大子,唯所用之者。令宿之事,盖亦存焉。
○守(shou),手又(you)(you)反,又(you)(you)音手。疆,居良(liang)反。ヘ,七内反。)
[疏]“国有”至“如之”
○释曰:有故,有灾祸,及王时出行不在,皆是也。云“则令宿,其比亦如之”者,亦如上夕击柝已上之事,与平常同也。
○注“郑司”至“存焉”
○释曰:先(xian)郑(zheng)引(yin)《春秋传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),左氏(shi)昭十八(ba)年(nian):夏,五月,宋、卫、陈、郑(zheng)灾。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产授兵登陴,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大叔曰:“晋无乃讨乎(hu)?”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰:“小国(guo)(guo)(guo)忘守(shou)(shou)则危(wei),况有(you)灾乎(hu)?”彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)“则”,先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“必”,读(du)字(zi)不同(tong)也(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)故,凡(fan)非常也(ye)。《文王世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》曰‘公有(you)出(chu)(chu)疆(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)出(chu)(chu)朝觐也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以公族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)於(wu)公宫”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此言与下为(wei)目。庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,掌卿大夫(fu)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),并掌公家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“正室守(shou)(shou)大庙(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)公族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)名为(wei)正室,使(shi)守(shou)(shou)大庙(miao)(miao)。大庙(miao)(miao)尊故也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)父守(shou)(shou)贵宫、贵室”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)同(tong)族诸(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)父行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。贵宫、贵室,同(tong)为(wei)路寝。路寝对大庙(miao)(miao),生人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)(zhu)孙(sun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)同(tong)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内诸(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)孙(sun)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“守(shou)(shou)下宫、下室”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下宫谓(wei)(wei)亲庙(miao)(miao)四,下室谓(wei)(wei)燕(yan)寝也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)《文王世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》文是(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯法(fa)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)职(zhi)掌国(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)ヘ”已(yi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)《夏官·诸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》职(zhi)文。云(yun)(yun)“庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)(zhu)、庶(shu)一也(ye),於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯即为(wei)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则为(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。今因诸(zhu)(zhu)侯言庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),其实《夏官》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)职(zhi)也(ye)。彼(bi)(bi)郑(zheng)注ヘ谓(wei)(wei)副ヘ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)ヘ,国(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯卿大夫(fu)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)大事(shi)则帅(shuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而致於(wu)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),唯所(suo)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)大事(shi),寇(kou)戎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),卿大夫(fu)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)属太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),故唯太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)使(shi)用也(ye)。彼(bi)(bi)是(shi)甲(jia)兵,不云(yun)(yun)宿卫,故郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)令宿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)盖亦(yi)(yi)存(cun)焉(yan)。存(cun)焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宿卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)亦(yi)(yi)在唯所(suo)用中。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)故中有(you)王出(chu)(chu)疆(jiang)巡守(shou)(shou)征(zheng)伐,皆须令宿,增(zeng)成先(xian)郑(zheng)义也(ye)。
辨外内而时禁,(郑司农云:“分别外人、内人,禁其非时出入。”
○别,彼列(lie)反(fan)。)
[疏]“辨外内而时禁”
○释曰(yue):先郑云“分别外(wai)人(ren)(ren)内人(ren)(ren),禁其(qi)非(fei)时出入”者,谓(wei)(wei)住在王宫(gong)(gong)中有(you)卿(qing)大夫士等,外(wai)人(ren)(ren)谓(wei)(wei)男子,内人(ren)(ren)谓(wei)(wei)妇女(nv)皆是也。此男女(nv)自相对(dui)为外(wai)人(ren)(ren)内人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)内人(ren)(ren)非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)内宰职(zhi)所云内人(ren)(ren),是刑女(nv)在宫(gong)(gong)中者也。
稽其功绪,纠其德行。(稽犹考也,计也。功,吏职也。绪其志业。
○行,下(xia)孟(meng)反。)
[疏]“稽其”至“德行”
○释曰:绪(xu),业(ye)也。宫(gong)正考计其宫(gong)中卿大夫士功(gong)状,及职业(ye)多少,纠察其在心(xin)为(wei)(wei)德,施之为(wei)(wei)行二者也。
几其出入,均其稍食,(郑司农云:“几其出入,若今时宫中有罪,禁止不能出,亦不得入,及无引籍不得入宫司马殿门也。”玄谓几荷其衣服、持操及疏数者。稍食,禄廪。
○荷(he),呼(hu)可反,又音(yin)何。操,七(qi)曹反。数,音(yin)朔。廪(lin),彼锦反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“禄廪”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)引“今时”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)汉法。言“引籍”者(zhe)(zhe),有门(men)(men)(men)籍及引人,乃得(de)出(chu)入也(ye)。又云“司马(ma)殿门(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe),汉宫殿门(men)(men)(men),每门(men)(men)(men)皆使司马(ma)一人守(shou)门(men)(men)(men),比千石,皆号(hao)司马(ma)殿门(men)(men)(men)也(ye)。“玄谓(wei)几(ji)荷其衣(yi)服(fu)(fu)持(chi)操(cao)及疏(shu)数”者(zhe)(zhe),案《阍人》云:“丧服(fu)(fu)凶(xiong)器不入宫,潜(qian)服(fu)(fu)贼(zei)器不入宫,奇服(fu)(fu)怪民(min)不入宫。”《司门(men)(men)(men)》云“几(ji)出(chu)入不物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)。”谓(wei)衣(yi)服(fu)(fu)视(shi)古不与(yu)众(zhong)同,及所操(cao)物(wu)不如品(pin)式者(zhe)(zhe)。职(zhi)虽(sui)不同,皆是(shi)守(shou)禁。此经直云几(ji)其出(chu)入,明(ming)知汉有此荷其衣(yi)服(fu)(fu)持(chi)操(cao)及疏(shu)数,此增成司农义(yi)也(ye)。云“稍(shao)食(shi),禄廪”者(zhe)(zhe),言稍(shao),则稍(shao)稍(shao)与(yu)之,则月俸(feng)是(shi)也(ye),则下(xia)士(shi)食(shi)九(jiu)人,中士(shi)倍下(xia)士(shi),上士(shi)倍中士(shi),大(da)夫倍上士(shi)之类。其禄与(yu)之米廪,故云禄廪也(ye)。
去其淫怠与其奇邪之民,(民,宫中吏之家人也。淫,放滥也。怠,解慢也。奇邪,谲觚非常。
○去,起吕反。奇,音羁,徐(xu)去宜反。邪,似嗟反。亦作邪。谲(jue),古(gu)穴反。觚,音孤。)
[疏]注“民宫”至“非常”
○释曰:此一(yi)经并是(shi)吏(li)之民(min)。云(yun)“淫,放滥也(ye)。怠,解慢也(ye)”,为(wei)此恶行也(ye)。云(yun)“民(min),宫中(zhong)吏(li)之家人也(ye)”者,吏(li)即宅(zhai)在宫中(zhong)卿、大夫、士,其(qi)家人为(wei)此恶行也(ye)者,使之不为(wei),即是(shi)去也(ye)。此民(min)谓若秋官(guan)隶民(min)之类(lei)。云(yun)“奇邪谲觚(gu)非常(chang)”者,兵书有谲觚(gu)之人,谓谲诈(zha)桀出,觚(gu)角非常(chang)也(ye)。
会其什伍而教之道义。(五人为伍,二伍为什。会之者,使之辈作辈学相劝帅,且寄宿卫之令。郑司农云:“道谓先王所以教道民者,艺谓礼乐射御书数。”
○会,如字,注同。教(jiao)道,徒报反,下“道”、“导”同。)
[疏]注“五人”至“书数”
○释曰:宫正(zheng)掌宫中卿(qing)大夫士,亦兼掌子弟(di)。会(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)合(he)其(qi)宫中子弟(di),使(shi)之(zhi)以(yi)五(wu)人为伍(wu),二(er)伍(wu)为什。必会(hui)(hui)合(he)之(zhi)者(zhe),欲使(shi)之(zhi)宿卫时(shi)(shi)语言相(xiang)(xiang)体,服(fu)容相(xiang)(xiang)识,是其(qi)辈(bei)作(zuo)也。及其(qi)学问(wen),又相(xiang)(xiang)亲及切差琢磨,是其(qi)辈(bei)学。总是相(xiang)(xiang)劝帅也。云“且寄(ji)宿卫之(zhi)令(ling)”者(zhe),《管子》云“因内政,寄(ji)军令(ling)”,在(zai)家(jia)时(shi)(shi)五(wu)家(jia)为比,在(zai)军还五(wu)人为伍(wu)之(zhi)类(lei)。此亦五(wu)人为伍(wu),二(er)伍(wu)为什,使(shi)之(zhi)辈(bei)学,似若(ruo)在(zai)家(jia)也,因使(shi)之(zhi)宿卫,以(yi)寄(ji)军令(ling)也。先(xian)郑(zheng)云“道(dao)谓(wei)(wei)先(xian)王所以(yi)教(jiao)道(dao)民者(zhe)”,谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《保(bao)氏》云“掌养(yang)国子以(yi)道(dao)而教(jiao)之(zhi)六艺”。道(dao),则师氏“三德”、“三行”也。艺,谓(wei)(wei)礼乐射御书(shu)数,亦《保(bao)氏职》文也。
月终则(ze)(ze)会其稍食,岁终则(ze)(ze)会其行(xing)事。(行(xing)事,吏职也。)
[疏]“月终”至“行事”
○释曰:稍食谓宫中官府等月禄(lu),故(gu)至月终会计之。岁终则(ze)会计行(xing)事(shi)吏职,当考知功过也。
凡邦之大事,令(ling)于王宫(gong)之官府次(ci)舍,无(wu)去守而听(ting)政令(ling)。(使(shi)居其处待所(suo)为。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“政令”
○释曰(yue):邦有(you)大事,谓“国之(zhi)大事,在(zai)祀(si)与戎”,则令(ling)于王宫(gong)之(zhi)官府次舍。“无去守(shou)”,谓使之(zhi)皆在(zai)次舍,不得去部所(suo)守(shou)而听(ting)待政令(ling),须有(you)所(suo)为。
春秋(qiu)以木铎(duo)火(huo)禁。(火(huo)星以春出(chu),以秋(qiu)入,因天时而以戒。)
[疏]“春秋”至“火禁”
○释曰:春,谓季春。秋,谓季秋。二时火星出入之时。以木铎警众,使火禁也。
○注“火星”至“以戒”
○释曰(yue):火(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing),则心星(xing)(xing)也,《公羊(yang)》谓之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)辰。服(fu)注(zhu)《春秋(qiu)》云(yun)(yun):“火(huo)(huo)出(chu)於夏(xia)(xia)为三(san)月(yue),於商为四月(yue),於周为五月(yue)”,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“以春出(chu)”也。季秋(qiu)昏时(shi)(shi)伏於戌(xu),火(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)入,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“以秋(qiu)入”。云(yun)(yun)“因(yin)(yin)天时(shi)(shi)而以戒(jie)“者,此火(huo)(huo)谓陶冶铸铜之(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)(huo),因(yin)(yin)天出(chu)火(huo)(huo)民则为之(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)(yin)天入火(huo)(huo)民则休之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)”因(yin)(yin)天时(shi)(shi)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)“也。此施(shi)火(huo)(huo),谓宫正於宫中特宜慎(shen)火(huo)(huo),故(gu)(gu)火(huo)(huo)禁。《夏(xia)(xia)官·司》云(yun)(yun):“掌行(xing)火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)政令,四时(shi)(shi)变国火(huo)(huo)以救时(shi)(shi)疾”,下又云(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)则施(shi)火(huo)(huo)令”,为焚莱(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)火(huo)(huo)禁也。《秋(qiu)官·司ピ》云(yun)(yun):“中春,以木(mu)铎火(huo)(huo)禁于(yu)国中。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“为季春将出(chu)火(huo)(huo)也。火(huo)(huo)禁,谓用火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)处,及(ji)备风燥。”是二月(yue)预之(zhi)(zhi),三(san)月(yue)重掌事(shi),各有所为,不相妨也。
凡邦之事跸宫中庙中,则执烛。(郑司农读“火”绝之,云“禁凡邦之事跸”,国有事,王当出,则宫正主禁绝行者,若今时卫士填街跸也。宫中庙中则执烛,宫正主为王於宫中庙中执烛。玄谓事,祭事也。邦之祭社稷、七祀於宫中,祭先公、先王於庙中,隶仆掌跸止行者,宫正则执烛以为明。《春秋传》曰:“有大事於大庙”,又曰:“有事於武宫”。
○跸,音(yin)(yin)毕(bi),徐又音(yin)(yin)Φ。读(du),戚如(ru)字,徐音(yin)(yin)豆。填(tian),音(yin)(yin)田。街,音(yin)(yin)佳。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“执烛”
○释曰:“凡邦之事”,谓祭祀之事,王当出入来往时,隶仆与王跸止行人於宫中及庙中也。王出向二处,当侵晨而行,尔时则宫正为王执烛为明也。
○注“郑司”至“武宫”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):先郑(zheng)“读火(huo)绝之(zhi)”,则火(huo)字(zi)向上为(wei)(wei)句也。其(qi)“禁(jin)”自与“凡(fan)邦之(zhi)事(shi)跸(bi)”共(gong)为(wei)(wei)一句。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)既不掌跸(bi)事(shi),若如先郑(zheng)所读,则似宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)王跸(bi),非也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刖执烛”者(zhe)(zhe),若不以(yi)邦之(zhi)事(shi)与此宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)一事(shi),则宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)何为(wei)(wei)事(shi)而遣宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)执烛乎?亦(yi)(yi)非也。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今时卫(wei)士(shi)填街跸(bi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),《汉(han)仪》:大(da)驾(jia)行(xing)幸,使卫(wei)士(shi)填塞街巷,以(yi)止行(xing)人(ren),备非常也。“玄谓(wei)事(shi),祭事(shi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、庙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)处,皆(jie)有(you)(you)祭事(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邦之(zhi)祭社稷七祀於宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),《小宗(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“左宗(zong)庙,右社稷”,在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)门之(zhi)外也。依《祭法》,“王为(wei)(wei)群(qun)姓立(li)七祀,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)司命,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)ニ,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)国行(xing),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)国门,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)泰(tai)厉,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)户,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)灶”。案《司门》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)岁时之(zhi)门受其(qi)馀”。则此七祀等,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)群(qun)姓所立(li)者(zhe)(zhe),不在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也。《祭法》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王自为(wei)(wei)立(li)七祀”者(zhe)(zhe),此则祷祀在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)大(da)事(shi)于(yu)大(da)庙”者(zhe)(zhe),《左氏》文二(er)年(nian),“秋,八月丁卯(mao),大(da)事(shi)于(yu)大(da)庙”是(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)事(shi)于(yu)武(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe),昭十(shi)五年(nian),“春,二(er)月癸酉,有(you)(you)事(shi)于(yu)武(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。郑(zheng)引此者(zhe)(zhe),欲见隶仆(pu)跸(bi)于(yu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亦(yi)(yi)得兼庙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)《公羊(yang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“鲁公称世室,群(qun)公称宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”,则天子之(zhi)庙亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)称也。
大丧,则授庐舍,辨其亲疏贵贱之居。(庐,倚庐也。舍,垩室也。亲者贵者居倚庐,疏者贱者居垩室。《杂记》曰:“大夫居庐,士居垩室。”
○倚(yi),於绮反。)
[疏]“大丧”至“之居”
○释曰:大丧谓王丧,臣子皆为之斩衰,则同庐舍,所居则异也。云“授庐舍”者,总诸臣而辨其亲疏贵贱之居异也。
○注“庐倚”至“垩室”
○释曰(yue):“庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),倚(yi)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)路(lu)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)东壁,倚(yi)木(mu)为(wei)(wei)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。云“舍,垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),舍对庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),故为(wei)(wei)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)。垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),两下为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)异,故名(ming)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)也。云“亲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、贵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)倚(yi)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亲谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大功(gong)以上,贵谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大夫(fu)以上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),居(ju)(ju)倚(yi)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。云“疏(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),贱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),居(ju)(ju)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),疏(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)小功(gong)缌麻,贱谓(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi),二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)。知义(yi)如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其经云“辨(bian)其亲疏(shu)(shu)贵贱”,明(ming)当如此(ci)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。又(you)引《杂(za)记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼是诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),其大夫(fu)居(ju)(ju)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),士(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi),彼注“士(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi)”,亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)邑宰(zai)也。朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)亦(yi)居(ju)(ju)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证贵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)庐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),贱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)垩(e)(e)室(shi)(shi),一边之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)耳。其实(shi)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯礼,不(bu)辨(bian)亲疏(shu)(shu)贵贱而别其远近(jin),并(bing)为(wei)(wei)天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)也。
宫伯掌王宫之士庶子,凡在版者。(郑司农云:“庶子,宿卫之官。版,名籍也,以版为之。今时乡户籍谓之户版。”玄谓王宫之士,谓王宫中诸吏之子也。庶子,其支庶也。
○,音(yin)丁历反。)
[疏]“宫伯”至“版者”
○释曰:宫伯掌王宫中卿大夫之子庶子、士之子也。“凡在版者”,子弟皆有名籍,以拟校比也。
○注“郑司”至“庶也”
○释曰:郑(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)“庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi),宿卫(wei)之(zhi)官”,谓(wei)若《夏(xia)官·诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)职》,後郑(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe),彼诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)是下大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),此(ci)宫(gong)伯中(zhong)士(shi)(shi),不(bu)合(he)掌之(zhi),故(gu)不(bu)从也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)王宫(gong)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),谓(wei)宫(gong)中(zhong)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)吏之(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),吏,谓(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)总号。云(yun)“庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi),其支庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),以其宫(gong)正掌宫(gong)中(zhong)官府(fu),宫(gong)伯掌其子(zi)弟故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。案《大(da)(da)司马》云(yun):“王吊(diao)劳其士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)”,文与(yu)此(ci)同。郑(zheng)彼注云(yun)“吊(diao)其死者(zhe),劳其伤(shang)者(zhe)。庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi),卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)从军者(zhe)。”彼士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi),庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)子(zi),则兼庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),与(yu)此(ci)不(bu)同者(zhe),彼更无吊(diao)劳卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)身,故(gu)士(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)中(zhong)兼庶(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),是郑(zheng)望文以为(wei)(wei)义(yi),故(gu)注与(yu)此(ci)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)。
掌(zhang)其(qi)政,令行其(qi)秩,叙作(zuo)(zuo)其(qi)徒役之事(shi),(秩,禄廪也(ye)。叙,才(cai)等(deng)也(ye)。作(zuo)(zuo)徒役之事(shi),大子所用。)
[疏]“掌其”至“之事”
○释(shi)曰:宫伯(bo)既掌士(shi)庶子,所以有(you)政(zheng)令尽掌之也(ye)。“行(xing)其(qi)(qi)秩叙(xu)(xu)”者,秩谓(wei)依班秩受禄,叙(xu)(xu)者才艺高下为(wei)次第。“以作其(qi)(qi)徒役(yi)”者,士(shi)庶子属大子,随其(qi)(qi)所用,使役(yi)之也(ye)。
授八次八舍之职事。(卫王宫者,必居四角四中,於徼候便也。郑司农云:“庶子卫王宫,在内为次,在外为舍。”玄谓次,其宿卫所在。舍,其休沐之处。
○徼,古吊反(fan)。便,婢面(mian)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“卫王”至“之处”。
○释曰(yue):言(yan)“卫(wei)(wei)王(wang)宫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必居四(si)角四(si)中”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其言(yan)八(ba),似若(ruo)八(ba)方为四(si)方四(si)维然,以(yi)四(si)角四(si)中解之(zhi)(zhi),必於(wu)八(ba)所以(yi)为次舍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),相徼察来往(wang)候(hou)望皆便,故次舍皆八(ba)也(ye)。司(si)农云(yun)“庶(shu)子卫(wei)(wei)王(wang)宫,在内为次,在外(wai)为舍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),庶(shu)子义上已破(po)讫,先郑意(yi)内次外(wai)舍有(you)所隔绝,故后郑不从也(ye)。“玄谓次,其宿(su)卫(wei)(wei)所在”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓宿(su)卫(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)处稍在前为之(zhi)(zhi)馆也(ye)。舍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)《掌舍》之(zhi)(zhi)舍,亦舍息(xi)休止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)处,故郑为休沐之(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)。
若邦有大事作宫(gong)众(zhong),则(ze)令之(zhi)。(谓王宫(gong)之(zhi)士庶子(zi),於邦有大事,或(huo)选当行。)
[疏]“若邦”至“令之”
○释(shi)曰:事(shi),亦谓(wei)寇戎(rong)之(zhi)事(shi)。作(zuo),起(qi)也。谓(wei)起(qi)宫中之(zhi)众(zhong),使士(shi)庶子行,则宫伯戒令之(zhi)。
月终则均秩,岁终则均叙。以时颁其衣裘,掌其诛赏。(颁读为班。班,布也。衣裘,若今赋冬夏衣。
○颁,音班。)
[疏]“月终”至“诛赏”
○释曰:“月终则均其秩”,秩,禄廪,则与《宫正》“均稍食”亦一也。“岁终则均叙”,与《宫正》则异,彼宫中官府,故会其行事,此其子弟,故均其叙,叙即上注“才等”也。“以时颁其衣裘”,夏时班衣,冬时班裘。“掌其诛赏”者,士庶子有功则赏之,有罪即诛之也。
○注“若今赋冬夏衣”
○释曰:赋,班也。班之与(yu)赋,皆赐授之义(yi)。