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周礼注疏·卷三十二在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

●卷四

  弁师掌王之五冕,皆玄冕,朱里,延,纽,(冕服有六,而言五冕者,大裘之冕无旒,不联数也。延,冕之覆,在上,是以名焉。纽,小鼻在武上,笄所贯也。今时冠卷当簪者,广袤以冠纟徙,其旧象与?
  ○数,所(suo)主反(fan)。卷,起全反(fan)。簪,庄林反(fan)。袤,音茂(mao)。纟徙(xi),所(suo)买反(fan),刘霜(shuang)绮反(fan)。与(yu),音馀。)

[疏]“弁师”至“延纽”
  ○释曰:云“皆玄冕者,古者绩麻三十升布,染之,上以玄,下以朱,衣之於冕之上下。云“延”者,即是上玄者。“纽”者,缀於冕,两旁垂之,武两旁作孔,以笄贯之,使得其牢固也。凡冕体,《周礼》无文。叔孙通作《汉礼器制度》,取法於周,今还取彼以释之。按彼文,凡冕以版,广八寸,长尺六寸,以此上玄下朱覆之,乃以五采缫绳贯五采玉,垂於延前后,谓之“邃延”。故《玉藻》云“天子玉藻,前后邃延,龙卷以祭”是也。
  ○注“冕服”至“象与”
  ○释曰:云“冕(mian)(mian)(mian)服有(you)六”者,按(an)《司(si)服》祭(ji)祀六服,皆连冕(mian)(mian)(mian)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)此(ci)惟云五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)者,但此(ci)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)师所(suo)掌(zhang)冕(mian)(mian)(mian),以(yi)旒(liu)为主(zhu),祭(ji)天用大裘,取质(zhi),其冕(mian)(mian)(mian)亦当(dang)无旒(liu)为质(zhi),故此(ci)不数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惟有(you)五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)耳(er),故云“王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)”也。云“延(yan),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覆(fu),在上”,按(an)《玉藻》注:“延(yan),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)上覆(fu)。”言虽(sui)不同(tong),义(yi)则(ze)不异,皆以(yi)玄表覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在冕(mian)(mian)(mian)上也。以(yi)爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)前(qian)后平,则(ze)得(de)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)称。冕(mian)(mian)(mian)则(ze)前(qian)低(di)一寸馀,得(de)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)名(ming),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)则(ze)亻免也,以(yi)低(di)为号也。云“纽,小鼻(bi)在武上,笄(ji)所(suo)贯(guan)也”者,今(jin)时冠(guan)(guan)卷当(dang)簪者。“广袤以(yi)冠(guan)(guan)纟(mi)(mi)徙(xi),其旧象与”者,古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纽武,笄(ji)贯(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,若今(jin)汉时冠(guan)(guan)卷当(dang)簪所(suo)贯(guan)者,於上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广及随纟(mi)(mi)徙(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)袤以(yi)冠(guan)(guan)纟(mi)(mi)徙(xi)者,贯(guan)簪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,当(dang)冠(guan)(guan)纟(mi)(mi)徙(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)央。云“旧象”者,是周(zhou)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)垂纽於武,贯(guan)笄(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧象。言“与”者,以(yi)无正文,故云“与”以(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

五采缫十有二,就皆五采玉十有二,玉笄,朱。(缫,杂文之名也。合五采丝为之绳,垂於延之前后,各十二,所谓邃延也。就,成也。绳之每一匝而贯五采玉,十二ヵ则十二玉也。每就间盖一寸。朱,以朱组为也。一条,属两端於武。缫不言皆,有不皆者。此为衮衣之冕十二ヵ,则用玉二百八十八。衣之冕缫九ヵ,用玉二百一十六。毳衣之冕七ヵ,用玉百六十八。希衣之冕五ヵ,用玉百二十。玄衣之冕三ヵ,用玉七十二。
  ○缫(sao),音(yin)早(zao),司农云:“古(gu)藻字(zi)。”邃,息遂反(fan),刘诗遂反(fan)。ヵ,音(yin)留(liu),下同。属,音(yin)烛。,必灭反(fan)。希,张里反(fan),刘猪履反(fan)。)

[疏]“五采”至“朱”
  ○释曰:言“五采藻十有二”者,此据衮冕而言,谓合五采丝为藻绳十二道,为十二旒也。“就皆五采玉十有二”者,此各据一旒而言,玉有五色,以青赤黄白黑於一旒之上,以此五色玉贯於藻绳之上,每玉间相去一寸,十二玉则十二寸。就,成也。以一玉为一成,结之,使不相并也。“玉笄朱”者,以玉笄贯之,又以组为,仰属结之也。
  ○注“缫杂”至“十二”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“缫(sao),杂(za)(za)文”者(zhe),若水(shui)草之(zhi)藻(zao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)采,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)杂(za)(za)文之(zhi)名也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所谓邃(sui)延也(ye)”者(zhe),谓《玉(yu)藻(zao)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“绳之(zhi)每一匝而贯五(wu)采玉(yu),十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)ヵ则(ze)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)也(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)就皆(jie)五(wu)采玉(yu)十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),明十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)可知也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一条(tiao),属两端於(wu)武”者(zhe),谓以(yi)(yi)一条(tiao)绳先属一头於(wu)左(zuo)旁笄(ji)上(shang),以(yi)(yi)一头绕於(wu)颐下(xia),至句上(shang),於(wu)右相笄(ji)上(shang)绕之(zhi)。是以(yi)(yi)郑注《士(shi)冠礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)笄(ji)者(zhe)屈组以(yi)(yi)为(wei),垂为(wei)饰(shi)。无笄(ji)者(zhe)缨而结其(qi)(qi)条(tiao)。”彼有(you)(you)(you)(you)笄(ji),据皮弁(bian)、爵弁(bian)。此(ci)(ci)五(wu)冕皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)笄(ji),与彼同。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)属於(wu)武者(zhe),据笄(ji)贯武,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)武言(yan)(yan)之(zhi),其(qi)(qi)实在笄(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“缫(sao)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie),有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)皆(jie)”者(zhe),谓王之(zhi)五(wu)冕,缫(sao)则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),有(you)(you)(you)(you)九,有(you)(you)(you)(you)七,有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)三,其(qi)(qi)玉(yu)旒(liu)皆(jie)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),故(gu)缫(sao)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)皆(jie)者(zhe),则(ze)九旒(liu)已下(xia)是也(ye)。玉(yu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie),则(ze)五(wu)冕旒(liu)皆(jie)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)经十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)旒(liu),据衮冕而言(yan)(yan),是以(yi)(yi)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)为(wei)衮衣之(zhi)冕十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)旒(liu)”,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)旒(liu)旒(liu)各十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)玉(yu),前后二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四旒(liu),故(gu)用二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百八(ba)十(shi)八(ba)。已下(xia)计可知。

诸侯之缫ヵ九就,玉三采,其馀如王之事。缫ヵ皆就,玉,玉笄。(“侯”当为“公”字之误也。三采,朱、白、苍也。其馀,谓延组皆玄覆朱里,与王同也。出此则异。缫ヵ皆就,皆三采也。每缫九成,则九旒也。公之冕用玉百六十二。玉,塞耳者,故书“”作“无”。郑司农云:“缫当为藻,缫古字也,藻今字也,同物同音。无,恶玉名。”
  ○侯(hou),依注音(yin)公(gong)。,本(ben)又作(zuo)珉(min),亡贫反。吐练反。无音(yin)无。)

[疏]“诸侯”至“玉笄”
  ○释曰:诸公云“缫九就”,又云“缫ヵ皆就”,作文与上言“缫十有二就,皆五采玉十有二”,缫玉别文,则缫有差降,玉无差降。此诸公缫玉同文,则惟有一冕而已,故郑计一冕为九旒,旒各九玉。据冕九旒,不别计冕已下,以其一冕而已。冠五服故也已下侯伯子男,亦皆一冕冠数服也。王不言玉,於此言之者,王与诸侯互见为义,是以王言玄冕朱里延纽及朱,明诸侯亦有之,诸公言玉,明王亦有之,是其互有也。
  ○注“侯当”至“玉名”
  ○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)“侯(hou)”当(dang)为“公”者(zhe),以下(xia)别见(jian)诸(zhu)侯(hou),又(you)此(ci)经云(yun)(yun)“九就(jiu)(jiu)”,当(dang)上公以九为节,故知(zhi)是公也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)三(san)(san)采(cai)朱白(bai)苍(cang)者(zhe),《聘礼(li)记》“公侯(hou)伯缫藉三(san)(san)采(cai),朱白(bai)苍(cang)”,故知(zhi)三(san)(san)采(cai)亦朱白(bai)苍(cang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“出此(ci)则异”者(zhe),异谓(wei)天子朱,诸(zhu)侯(hou)当(dang)青组之(zhi)等(deng),不(bu)得与王同也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“缫ヵ皆就(jiu)(jiu),皆三(san)(san)采(cai)也(ye)(ye)。每(mei)缫九成(cheng),则九旒也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此(ci)释有一冕九旒之(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu),恶(e)玉(yu)名(ming)”者(zhe),按许氏(shi)《说(shuo)文(wen)》:“无(wu)(wu),三(san)(san)采(cai)玉(yu),从(cong)玉(yu)无(wu)(wu)声。”以其(qi)三(san)(san)采(cai),又(you)非无(wu)(wu),故云(yun)(yun)“恶(e)玉(yu)名(ming)”也(ye)(ye)。《说(shuo)文(wen)》又(you)云(yun)(yun):“珉,石(shi)之(zhi)美者(zhe),从(cong)玉(yu)民声。”如是,经云(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)三(san)(san)采(cai)”,当(dang)以无(wu)(wu)为正,故先(xian)郑从(cong)无(wu)(wu)为恶(e)玉(yu)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。

王之皮弁,会五采玉基,象邸,玉笄。(故书“会”作“<骨会>。郑司农云:“读如马会之会,谓以五采束发也。《士丧礼》曰:‘桧用组,乃笄。’桧读与<骨会>同,书之异耳。说曰:‘以组束发乃著笄,谓之桧。’沛国人谓反为<骨会>。基读如綦车毂之綦。”玄谓会读如大会之会。会,缝中也。基读如薄借綦之綦。綦,结也。皮弁之缝中,每贯结五采玉十二以为饰,谓之綦。《诗》云“会弁如星”,又曰“其弁伊綦”是也。邸,下柢也,以象骨为之。
  ○会,刘(liu)古外反,注(zhu)同(tong)(tong),并“<骨(gu)会>”、“桧”二字(zi)亦(yi)同(tong)(tong),或一(yi)音(yin)户外反。基,音(yin)其,本(ben)亦(yi)作基。邸,丁礼(li)反。著,张略反。,本(ben)又(you)作,音(yin)计。綦,音(yin)其,下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。缝,扶用(yong)反,下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。薄,刘(liu)芳恶(e)反。柢,丁礼(li)反,刘(liu)音(yin)帝。)

[疏]注“故书”至“为之”
  ○释曰:先郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)会(hui)(hui)为(wei)“五采(cai)(cai)束发”,读(du)(du)经以(yi)为(wei)皮弁(bian)会(hui)(hui)五采(cai)(cai),引《士丧礼》及沛(pei)国(guo)之(zhi)事,後郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不从,故(gu)以(yi)会(hui)(hui)谓(wei)缝(feng)(feng)中(zhong)解之(zhi)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)读(du)(du)从马(ma)会(hui)(hui),取会(hui)(hui)结之(zhi)义(yi)。又(you)读(du)(du)“基(ji)”如(ru)“车毂綦(qi)(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)綦(qi)(qi)(qi),直(zhi)取音同,未知何义(yi)也。玄(xuan)谓(wei)会(hui)(hui)如(ru)大(da)会(hui)(hui)之(zhi)会(hui)(hui),汉历有大(da)会(hui)(hui)、小会(hui)(hui),取会(hui)(hui)聚之(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)为(wei)缝(feng)(feng)中(zhong)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“基(ji)读(du)(du)如(ru)薄(bo)借綦(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)綦(qi)(qi)(qi)。綦(qi)(qi)(qi),结也”者,汉时(shi)有“薄(bo)借綦(qi)(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)语,故(gu)读(du)(du)从之(zhi)。亦取结义(yi),薄(bo)借之(zhi)语未闻。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皮弁(bian)之(zhi)缝(feng)(feng)中(zhong),每贯结五采(cai)(cai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)十二(er)(er)以(yi)为(wei)饰,谓(wei)之(zhi)綦(qi)(qi)(qi)”者,天(tian)子以(yi)十二(er)(er)为(wei)节,约同冕旒也。引《诗》“会(hui)(hui)弁(bian)如(ru)星”者,《卫诗》,彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui),谓(wei)弁(bian)之(zhi)缝(feng)(feng)中(zhong),饰之(zhi)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),而(er)处,状似星也”,与(yu)经义(yi)合,故(gu)为(wei)证也。“又(you)曰‘其(qi)弁(bian)伊綦(qi)(qi)(qi)’是也”者,基(ji)既为(wei)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),又(you)得为(wei)结义(yi),得两(liang)合耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邸,下柢(di)也”者,谓(wei)於弁(bian)内顶上,以(yi)象骨为(wei)柢(di)。

王(wang)之(zhi)弁(bian)(bian),弁(bian)(bian)而加环。(弁(bian)(bian),王(wang)吊所(suo)服(fu)也。其(qi)弁(bian)(bian)如爵弁(bian)(bian)而素,所(suo)谓(wei)素冠也。而加环,环者,大如缌之(zhi)麻,缠(chan)而不(bu)纠。《司服(fu)职》曰(yue):“凡吊事,弁(bian)(bian)服(fu)。”)

[疏]注“弁”至“服”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“弁(bian)(bian)(bian),王吊所服(fu)(fu)也”者(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》文。又《杂记》云(yun)(yun)“凡弁(bian)(bian)(bian),其(qi)衰侈(chi)袂”,故(gu)(gu)知弁(bian)(bian)(bian)是(shi)王吊服(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)如(ru)爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)素(su)(su)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《曾子问》云(yun)(yun):“麻弁(bian)(bian)(bian)。”郑云(yun)(yun):“麻弁(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe),布(bu)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)加(jia)环(huan)也。”此不言麻者(zhe)(zhe),皆素(su)(su)为之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)而(er)(er)素(su)(su)也。云(yun)(yun)“所谓素(su)(su)冠(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)(yun)“庶(shu)见素(su)(su)冠(guan)兮”,彼(bi)素(su)(su)冠(guan)谓祥冠(guan),与此虽义(yi)别(bie),同(tong)是(shi)素(su)(su)为之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“而(er)(er)加(jia)环(huan)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓先著(zhu)素(su)(su)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)於下,乃(nai)上加(jia)环(huan),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)加(jia)也。“环(huan)者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)如(ru)缌(si)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),缌(si)麻,五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)轻者(zhe)(zhe),吊服(fu)(fu)乃(nai)五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)外,故(gu)(gu)约(yue)同(tong)之(zhi)。但缌(si)之(zhi)则两股(gu),此环(huan)以一股(gu),缠之(zhi)不纠,粗细同(tong)耳。引(yin)《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》者(zhe)(zhe),证弁(bian)(bian)(bian)是(shi)吊服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)。

诸侯及孤卿大夫之冕、韦弁、皮弁、弁,各以其等为之,而掌其禁令。(各以其等,缫ヵ玉基如其命数也。冕则侯伯缫七就,用玉九十八。子男缫五就,用玉五十,缫玉皆三采。孤缫四就,用玉三十二。三命之卿缫三就,用玉十八。再命之大夫藻再就,用玉八,藻玉皆朱绿。韦弁、皮弁则侯伯基饰七,子男基饰五,玉亦三采。孤则基饰四,三命之卿基饰三,再命之大夫基饰二,玉亦二采。弁之弁,其辟积如冕缫之就然。庶人吊者素委貌。一命之大夫冕而无ヵ,士变冕为爵弁。其韦弁皮弁之会无结饰,弁之弁不辟积。禁令者,不得相僭逾也。《玉藻》曰:“君未有命,不敢即乘服。”不言冠弁,冠弁兼於韦弁、皮弁矣。不言服弁,服弁自天子以下,无饰无等。
  ○辟积,必亦反,刘(liu)传历(li)反,下同。)

[疏]“诸侯”至“禁令”
  ○释曰:“诸侯”者,上已言公,则此诸侯谓侯伯子男。云“及孤卿大夫”者,此文既承诸侯之下,故郑以为诸侯之孤卿大夫解之也。既不别见天子之臣,文中可以兼之。上天子与公不言韦弁,此言之,亦是互见之义。云各以其等为之,不言爵而言等,则依命数矣。
  ○注“各以”至“无等”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“各以(yi)其等(deng)谓(wei)藻旒(liu)玉(yu)基(ji)如其命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)“冕(mian)(mian)”,故(gu)云(yun)旒(liu);经(jing)云(yun)“弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”,故(gu)云(yun)基(ji);如其命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu),释经(jing)云(yun)“等(deng)”也(ye)。侯伯(bo)(bo)子(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)一(yi)冕(mian)(mian)如上(shang)公(gong)(gong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。侯伯(bo)(bo)子(zi)男(nan)缫玉(yu)皆(jie)三采者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)约《聘(pin)礼记(ji)》“藻三采,朱(zhu)(zhu)白苍”而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)下(xia),皆(jie)据(ju)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),公(gong)(gong)侯伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。二(er)采朱(zhu)(zhu)绿(lv),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)《聘(pin)礼记(ji)》“聘(pin)臣(chen)藻皆(jie)二(er)采朱(zhu)(zhu)绿(lv)”而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)“弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),其辟积如冕(mian)(mian)缫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其吊服(fu)(fu)(fu)非吉(ji),故(gu)无饰,故(gu)辟积有就也(ye)。云(yun)“庶(shu)人吊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)素(su)委貌”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此经(jing)不(bu)(bu)云(yun)庶(shu)人,郑园(yuan)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已(yi)上(shang),因(yin)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)庶(shu)人,且欲(yu)从(cong)下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang),因(yin)推出士(shi)(shi)变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。云(yun)“一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)而无旒(liu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此亦(yi)(yi)(yi)无文,郑知然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡冕(mian)(mian)旒(liu)所以(yi)为(wei)(wei)文饰,一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)若有,则止(zhi)一(yi)旒(liu)一(yi)玉(yu)而已(yi),非华美。又(you)见一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)衣(yi)无章,士(shi)(shi)又(you)避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。若一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有旒(liu),士(shi)(shi)则不(bu)(bu)须变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),直服(fu)(fu)(fu)无旒(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)矣(yi)(yi)(yi),故(gu)知一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无旒(liu)也(ye)。若然,爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)制如冕(mian)(mian),但(dan)无旒(liu)为(wei)(wei)异,则无旒(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)与爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不(bu)(bu)殊。得(de)(de)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)无旒(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)前低一(yi)寸馀(yu),故(gu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)冕(mian)(mian)名(ming)也(ye)。云(yun)“韦(wei)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)皮(pi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)无结,饰弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不(bu)(bu)辟积”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)士(shi)(shi)冕(mian)(mian)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)既无旒(liu),故(gu)知无此等(deng)。云(yun)“禁令者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)相僭(jian)逾”,而引(yin)《玉(yu)藻》“君未有命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)敢即(ji)乘服(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)聘(pin)於天(tian)(tian)子(zi),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)(fu),归国告君,得(de)(de)君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)乃服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未得(de)(de)君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),则为(wei)(wei)僭(jian)逾,故(gu)引(yin)为(wei)(wei)证也(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)冠弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),冠弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)兼於韦(wei)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、皮(pi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),玄冠,缫布衣(yi),缫带(dai),素(su)跸,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)田服(fu)(fu)(fu),即(ji)诸侯及(ji)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)服(fu)(fu)(fu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兼於韦(wei)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、皮(pi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)也(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”,服(fu)(fu)(fu)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)即(ji)衰丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自天(tian)(tian)子(zi)以(yi)下(xia),无饰无等(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)自天(tian)(tian)子(zi)达士(shi)(shi),共(gong)一(yi)章是也(ye)。自此一(yi)经(jing),总包诸侯及(ji)臣(chen),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),但(dan)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)三公(gong)(gong)八命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),卿六(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)(shi)三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)下(xia),冕(mian)(mian)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)各以(yi)其等(deng)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知。

司甲(阙)。

司兵掌五兵、五盾,各辨其物与其等,以待军事。(五盾,干橹之属,其名未尽闻也。等谓功沽上下。郑司农云:“五兵者,戈、殳、戟、酋矛、夷矛。”
  ○橹,音鲁。)

[疏]“司兵”至“军事”
  ○释曰:言“各辨其物与其等”者,五兵五盾,各有物色与其善恶、长短、大小之等。云“以待军事”者,按此下有舞者兵及五兵,直云“以待军事”者,五兵五盾以军事为主故也。
  ○注“五盾”至“夷矛”
  ○释曰:郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五盾(dun),干橹(lu)之属,其(qi)(qi)(qi)名未(wei)尽闻也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),按《祭统》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朱(zhu)(zhu)干玉戚以舞《大武》”,《秦诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“蒙伐有(you)苑”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伐,中(zhong)干”,《左氏传(chuan)》“建大车之轮以为(wei)橹(lu),而(er)当一队(dui)”,则有(you)朱(zhu)(zhu)干、中(zhong)干及橹(lu),闻其(qi)(qi)(qi)三者(zhe),二者(zhe)未(wei)闻,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名未(wei)尽闻也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“等谓功沽上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe),功谓善者(zhe),为(wei)上(shang)(shang)等。沽谓粗(cu)恶者(zhe),为(wei)下(xia)(xia)等也(ye)(ye)。必知有(you)此(ci)法者(zhe),见(jian)《槁(gao)人(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)等以飨工,乘其(qi)(qi)(qi)事,试其(qi)(qi)(qi)弓弩,以下(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)食”,明兵(bing)盾(dun)亦(yi)当然。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五兵(bing)者(zhe),戈(ge)、殳、戟、酋(qiu)矛、夷矛”者(zhe),此(ci)谓车之五兵(bing),故下(xia)(xia)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“车之五兵(bing),司农所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)是也(ye)(ye)”。

及授兵,从司马之法以颁之。及其受兵输,亦如之。及其用兵,亦如之。(从司马之法,令师旅卒两人数所用多少也。兵输,谓师还有司还兵也。用兵,谓出给卫守。
  ○卒,子忽反,下同(tong)。)

[疏]注“司马”至“卫守
  ○释曰(yue):云“授兵(bing)从(cong)司马(ma)之(zhi)法”者(zhe)(zhe),司马(ma)主六军,是(shi)一(yi)官之(zhi)长,先受於王命,知多少,乃(nai)始出(chu)军,故从(cong)司马(ma)法以颁之(zhi)。郑知用兵(bing)是(shi)出(chu)给卫守者(zhe)(zhe),以其既(ji)言授兵(bing),下别言用兵(bing),明(ming)是(shi)卫守之(zhi)处(chu)须兵(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)也。

祭祀,授舞者兵(bing)。(授以朱干玉戚之属。)

[疏]注“授以”至“之属”
  ○释曰:郑知(zhi)此兵(bing)是“朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)”者,《祭统》云(yun):“朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)以舞《大(da)(da)武》”,则《大(da)(da)武》用朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)矣(yi)。又按(an)下(xia)《司(si)(si)戈(ge)盾》云(yun):“祭祀,授旅贲殳,故士戈(ge)盾。”司(si)(si)兵(bing)尊於司(si)(si)戈(ge)盾,明所授兵(bing)据以《大(da)(da)武》朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)也(ye)。其司(si)(si)干(gan)(gan)所授者,又是羽(yu)之等,非干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)可知(zhi)也(ye)。

大丧,五兵。(故书“”为“淫”。郑司农云:“淫,陈也。淫读为。”玄谓,兴也。兴作明器之役器五兵也。《士丧礼》下篇有甲胄干笮。
  ○,虚金(jin)反。兴,虚应反,下同(tong)。笮,字又作﹂,侧白反,刘丑(chou)伯反。)

[疏]注“故书”至“干笮”
  ○释曰:先郑一部之(zhi)内(nei),“”皆(jie)(jie)从(cong)“淫”,故云(yun)淫为(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)。後郑皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe),以为(wei)(wei)兴解之(zhi)者(zhe),见《司服(fu)(fu)》云(yun)“大丧(sang)(sang),共其(qi)(qi)复衣服(fu)(fu)、敛衣服(fu)(fu),掌其(qi)(qi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)序”,《圉人(ren)职(zhi)》云(yun)“凡宾(bin)客、丧(sang)(sang)纪,牵马而入陈(chen)(chen)(chen)。马亦如之(zhi)”。以此(ci)言(yan)之(zhi),陈(chen)(chen)(chen)既(ji)(ji)别,则不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)(chen),以兴象(xiang)为(wei)(wei)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“兴作(zuo)明器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)役(yi)器(qi)(qi)五(wu)兵也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),按《既(ji)(ji)夕礼(li)》,明器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)用器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)弓矢,役(yi)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)内(nei)甲(jia)胄(zhou)干(gan)笮。彼(bi)(bi)虽不(bu)具五(wu)兵,此(ci)既(ji)(ji)言(yan)五(wu)兵,明五(wu)者(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故郑引(yin)《士丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)》甲(jia)胄(zhou)干(gan)笮为(wei)(wei)证。言(yan)《士丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)》,即《既(ji)(ji)夕礼(li)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)《士丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)》者(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)《士丧(sang)(sang)》论葬事,《士丧(sang)(sang)》与《既(ji)(ji)夕》二篇(pian)(pian)(pian)同有(you)(you)记,皆(jie)(jie)在《既(ji)(ji)夕篇(pian)(pian)(pian)》下,故二篇(pian)(pian)(pian)连言(yan)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。按彼(bi)(bi)注,笮谓矢服(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

军事,建车之五兵(bing)。会(hui)同亦如之。(车之五兵(bing),郑司农所云者是(shi)也。步卒之五兵(bing),则无夷矛,而(er)有弓矢(shi)。)

[疏]“军事”至“如之”
  ○释曰:云“建车之五兵”者,凡器在车,皆有铁器屈之,在车较及舆,以兵插而建之,故有出先刃、入後刃之事。
  ○注“郑司”至“弓矢”
  ○释曰:“郑(zheng)司(si)农(nong)所云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,即(ji)上文注(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知(zhi)如先郑(zheng)义者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《考工记·庐人(ren)》云(yun)(yun):“戈、殳、戟、酋矛、夷矛乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)六建既备,车(che)不反(fan)覆。”注(zhu)“六建,五(wu)兵(bing)(bing)与人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。以是(shi)(shi)(shi)故从司(si)农(nong)所云(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“步(bu)卒之(zhi)五(wu)兵(bing)(bing),则(ze)无夷矛而有弓矢”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《司(si)右(you)》注(zhu)引《司(si)马法》所云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。有弓矢是(shi)(shi)(shi)能用五(wu)兵(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)前驱所建则(ze)有四兵(bing)(bing),故《诗》云(yun)(yun)“伯也(ye)(ye)(ye)执(zhi)殳,为王前驱”,注(zhu)引《考工记》车(che)有六等(deng)之(zhi)数(shu),除轸与人(ren)四兵(bing)(bing)为证是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

司戈盾掌戈盾之物而(er)颁之。(分与授(shou)用(yong)。)

[疏]注“分与授用”
  ○释曰:“分与授(shou)用”者(zhe),即下文祭祀(si)会同之等(deng)皆(jie)是。

祭祀,授(shou)旅贲殳、故士戈盾(dun),授(shou)舞(wu)者(zhe)兵亦如之(zhi)。(亦颁之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。故士,王(wang)族故士也(ye)(ye),与旅贲当(dang)事则卫王(wang)也(ye)(ye)。殳如杖,长寻有四尺。)

[疏]注“亦颁”至“四尺”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“故(gu)士王(wang)族(zu)故(gu)士”者(zhe),据《司士》而言。云(yun)“与旅贲当事(shi)则卫(wei)王(wang)”者(zhe),按旅贲氏掌执(zhi)戈(ge)盾而趋,此(ci)执(zhi)殳者(zhe),以其(qi)与故(gu)士同卫(wei)王(wang)时,以为(wei)仪卫(wei),故(gu)不执(zhi)戈(ge)盾。知(zhi)“殳如杖”者(zhe),庐人所为(wei),不见有刃,故(gu)知(zhi)如杖。知(zhi)“寻(xun)有四(si)(si)尺”者(zhe),车有六等,云(yun)殳长寻(xun)有四(si)(si)尺,崇(chong)於人四(si)(si)尺也。

军旅、会同,授贰车戈盾,建乘车之戈盾,授旅贲及虎士戈盾。(乘车,王所乘车也。军旅则革路,会同则金路。
  ○乘(cheng),绳证(zheng)反(fan),後(hou)“乘(cheng)马(ma)”、“陪乘(cheng)”、“参乘(cheng)”皆准此,注“王所乘(cheng)车”依字(zi)读。)

[疏]“军旅”至“戈盾”
  ○释曰:军旅会同皆贰车,贰皆有车右,故授之以戈盾。云“乘车之戈盾”者,王所乘车有车右,故建戈盾。“授旅贲氏及虎士戈盾”者,卫王故也。
  ○注“乘车”至“则金路”
  ○释曰(yue):军旅乘革路(lu),会(hui)同乘金路(lu),皆《巾车》文。会(hui)同则彼以宾,一也。

及舍,设藩盾,行则敛之。(舍,止也。藩盾,盾可以藩卫者,如今之扶苏与?
  ○与,音馀。)

[疏]注“舍止”至“苏与”
  ○释曰:按《掌舍》,王行止住不言设藩盾(dun)者(zhe)(zhe),当宿卫之事,非(fei)止一重(zhong),除彼┕互车(che)宫之外,别有此藩盾(dun)之等也。云“如今扶苏”者(zhe)(zhe),举汉(han)法(fa)以况之也。

司弓矢掌六弓四弩八矢之法,辨其名物,而掌其守藏与其出入。(法,曲直长短之数。
  ○守,刘于(yu)又反,亦(yi)如字,下(xia)“攻守”同。藏(zang),才浪反,沈如字。)

[疏]“司弓”至“出入”
  ○释曰:此经与下为目。“辨其名物”者,六弓八矢,各有名号物色,出入者颁之受之。
  ○注“法曲”至“之数”
  ○释曰:“曲直”者(zhe),谓若(ruo)“王(wang)弓弧弓合(he)(he)九成规”,已下或合(he)(he)七、合(he)(he)五、合(he)(he)三(san)(san),是曲者(zhe)合(he)(he)少,直者(zhe)合(he)(he)多。“长短(duan)”者(zhe),《弓人》云:“弓之上制(zhi),六尺(chi)六寸,中制(zhi)六尺(chi)三(san)(san)寸,下制(zhi)六尺(chi)。”是其(qi)长短(duan)也。

中春献弓弩,中秋献矢ゅ。(弓弩成於和,矢ゅ成於坚。ゅ,盛矢器也,以兽皮为之。
  ○中,音仲,下同。ゅ,音服(fu),《诗(shi)》云(yun):“象弭鱼服(fu)。”盛,音成。)

[疏]注“弓弩”至“为之”
  ○释曰:矢ゅ兽(shou)(shou)(shou)皮为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),按《诗》云“象弭鱼ゅ”,虽不(bu)言用(yong)兽(shou)(shou)(shou),盖鱼之(zhi)(zhi)似兽(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。若然(ran),此兽(shou)(shou)(shou)则鱼形也(ye)。惟有《国语》云“弧箕ゅ”,不(bu)用(yong)兽(shou)(shou)(shou)皮也(ye)。

及其颁之,王弓、弧弓以授射甲革、椹质者,夹弓、庾弓以授射犴侯、鸟兽者,唐弓、大弓以授学射者、使者、劳者。(王、弧、夹、庾、唐、大六者,弓异体之名也。往体寡,来体多,曰王、弧。往体多,来体寡,曰夹、庾。往体来体若一,曰唐、大。甲革,革甲也。《春秋传》曰:“蹲甲射之。”质,正也。树椹以为射正。射甲与椹,试弓习武也。犴侯五十步,及射鸟兽,皆近射也。近射用弱弓,则射大侯者用王、弧,射参侯者用唐、大矣。学射者弓用中,後习强弱则易也。使者、劳者弓亦用中,远近可也。劳者,勤劳王事,若晋文侯、文公受王弓矢之赐者。故书椹为艮,郑司农云:“椹字或作艮,非是也。《圉师职》曰:‘射则充椹质。’又此《司弓矢职》曰:‘泽共射椹质之弓矢。’言射椹质自有弓,谓王、弧弓也。以此观之,言艮质者非。”
  ○射甲,食亦(yi)反,下以意(yi)求之。椹,张林(lin)反。夹,占(zhan)洽反,刘古协反。庾,师(shi)儒(ru)相(xiang)传读庚(geng),本或作庾。犴(an),音(yin)(yin)岸,又(you)音(yin)(yin)雁。使者(zhe),所吏反,注同。蹲,音(yin)(yin)存(cun),刘才官(guan)反。参,素感反。易,以豉(chi)反。艮(gen),户根反,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)魂,或胡本反,李音(yin)(yin)艮(gen),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)居言反,又(you)音(yin)(yin)很。)

[疏]“及其”至“劳者”
  ○释曰:此经六弓,强弱相对,而言王、弧直,往体寡,夹、庾曲,往体多,故四者自对先自,唐、大往来若一,故退之在後也。
  ○注“王弧”至“者非”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),弓(gong)异体之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)所(suo)引弓(gong)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职往体来(lai)体之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),此据体而言(yan)。若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)色(se)而言(yan),即(ji)《春(chun)秋》、《尚书》所(suo)云(yun)彤弓(gong)、弓(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“甲(jia)革(ge),革(ge)甲(jia)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见甲(jia)以(yi)革(ge)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其实一(yi)物也(ye)(ye)。引《春(chun)秋传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),事在成十六年(nian),楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)养由基善射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。云(yun)“质(zhi),正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。树椹以(yi)为射(she)(she)正(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若(ruo)(ruo)宾射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)然也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“射(she)(she)甲(jia)与椹试(shi)弓(gong)习(xi)武(wu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《圉人》云(yun)“泽(ze)则(ze)共(gong)椹质(zhi)”,是(shi)(shi)在泽(ze)宫中(zhong)试(shi)弓(gong)习(xi)武(wu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“犴侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五十步,及射(she)(she)鸟兽(shou),皆近射(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)。近射(she)(she)用(yong)弱弓(gong),则(ze)射(she)(she)大侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)王(wang)(wang)、弧(hu),射(she)(she)参侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)唐(tang)(tang)、大矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此据诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)(ruo)据天子(zi),则(ze)用(yong)王(wang)(wang)、弧(hu)射(she)(she)虎侯(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)唐(tang)(tang)、大射(she)(she)熊侯(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)夹、庾射(she)(she)豹(bao)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“学(xue)射(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)弓(gong)用(yong)中(zhong),後习(xi)强弱则(ze)易也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),用(yong)中(zhong),谓唐(tang)(tang)、大往来(lai)体如(ru)一(yi),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、劳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)弓(gong)亦用(yong)中(zhong),远近可也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使(shi)有(you)远有(you)近皆可也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“劳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),勤(qin)劳王(wang)(wang)事,若(ruo)(ruo)晋文(wen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓《文(wen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命》赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彤弓(gong)、旅(lv)弓(gong)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“文(wen)公”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓僖二十八年(nian),晋文(wen)公败(bai)楚於城濮(pu),襄王(wang)(wang)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)彤弓(gong)、旅(lv)弓(gong)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

其矢ゅ皆从其弓。(从弓数也(ye)。每(mei)弓者一ゅ百矢。)

[疏]注“从弓”至“百矢”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“从(cong)(cong)弓数也”者(zhe),以经云(yun)“矢(shi)(shi)ゅ皆从(cong)(cong)其(qi)弓”,故知从(cong)(cong)弓数也。云(yun)“每弓者(zhe)一ゅ百矢(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),按《文(wen)侯之命》及僖(xi)二十八年晋文(wen)公受(shou)弓矢(shi)(shi),皆云(yun)“彤(tong)弓一,彤(tong)矢(shi)(shi)百”,虽是所赐之弓矢(shi)(shi),射之弓矢(shi)(shi)约同(tong)之。按《诗·颂》云(yun)“束矢(shi)(shi)其(qi)搜(sou)”,毛注云(yun)“五十矢(shi)(shi)为束”,郑(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之。至此为百矢(shi)(shi)者(zhe),无正文(wen),郑(zheng)两(liang)从(cong)(cong)不(bu)定也。

凡弩,夹、庾利攻守,唐、大利车战、野战。(攻城垒者与其自守者相迫近,弱弩发疾也。车战、野战,进退非强则不及。弩无王、弧,王、弧恒服弦,往体少者,使矢不疾。
  ○攻,如字,刘音贡。强,其丈(zhang)反,又其良反。)

[疏]注“攻城”至“不疾”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“攻城(cheng)垒(lei)”者(zhe),城(cheng)谓(wei)城(cheng)郭(guo),垒(lei)谓(wei)军壁(bi),若宣公十二年云(yun)“御靡旌(jing)壁(bi)垒(lei)而还”之类也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“与其自守”者(zhe),即城(cheng)垒(lei)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“弩无王(wang)弧(hu)(hu),王(wang)弧(hu)(hu)恒服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦”者(zhe),按上弓有六等,有王(wang)、弧(hu)(hu),至此弩,以有夹、庾(yu)等四(si)种(zhong),故(gu)云(yun)“弩无王(wang)、弧(hu)(hu)”也(ye)(ye)。“恒服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦”者(zhe),若弓用(yong)(yong)则服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦,不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)则弛。惟弩则用(yong)(yong)与不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong),一张之後,竟不(bu)(bu)弛,故(gu)云(yun)恒服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦也(ye)(ye)。若然,恒服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦用(yong)(yong)弱(ruo)者(zhe),以其强弓久不(bu)(bu)弛则就(jiu)弦,弱(ruo)则随体(ti)不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)弦也(ye)(ye)。又王(wang)、弧(hu)(hu)往体(ti)少,使(shi)之恒服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弦,则使(shi)矢(shi)不(bu)(bu)疾,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。

凡矢,枉矢、矢利火射,用诸守城、车战,杀矢、钅侯矢用诸近射、田猎,矢、矢用诸弋射,恒矢、Φ矢用诸散射。(此八矢者,弓弩各有四焉。枉矢杀矢、矢、恒矢,弓所用也。矢、钅侯矢、矢、庳矢,弩所用也。枉矢者,取名变星,飞行有光,今之飞矛是也,或谓之兵。矢矢象焉。二者皆可结火以射敌、守城、车战。前於重後微轻,行疾也。杀矢,言中则死。钅侯矢象焉,钅侯之言候也。二者皆可以司候射敌之近者及禽兽,前尤重,中深,而不可远也。结缴於矢谓之。,高也。矢象焉,之言弗刂也。二者皆可以弋飞鸟,弗刂罗之也。前於重,又微轻,行不低也。《诗》云:“弋凫与雁。”恒矢,安居之矢也。Φ矢象焉。二者皆可以散射也,谓礼射及习射也。前後订,其行平也。凡矢之制,枉矢之属五分,二在前,三在後。杀矢之属参分,一在前,二在後。矢之属七分,三在前,四在後。恒矢之属轩辋中,所谓志也。郑司农云:“庳矢,读为人罢短之罢玄谓庳读如Φ病之Φ,Φ之言伦比。
  ○枉,纡往反(fan)(fan)。,刘苦结(jie)反(fan)(fan),又音(yin)(yin)结(jie),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)户结(jie)反(fan)(fan),弩矢(shi)也。钅(jin)侯,音(yin)(yin)候(hou),刘音(yin)(yin)侯,弩矢(shi)。,音(yin)(yin)增。,刘扶弗(fu)反(fan)(fan),李(li)(li)一(yi)音(yin)(yin)孚忽(hu)反(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)孛攵,或音(yin)(yin)弗(fu),弩矢(shi)。Φ,方二反(fan)(fan),弩矢(shi)。散(san),素(su)旦反(fan)(fan),注同(tong)。中,丁(ding)仲反(fan)(fan),下“中深”、“射中”同(tong)。缴,章(zhang)药反(fan)(fan)。弗(fu)刂,孚物反(fan)(fan)。订,李(li)(li)音(yin)(yin)亭,吕沈同(tong),刘当定反(fan)(fan)。周,音(yin)(yin)周,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)定周反(fan)(fan)。Φ,方二反(fan)(fan)。比,毗志反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]注“此八矢者”至“言伦比”
  ○释曰:郑知(zhi)此(ci)八(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)弓(gong)(gong)弩(nu)(nu)各有(you)四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)上文六(liu)弓(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)俱陈,於(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)总(zong)列八(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)知(zhi)八(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为弓(gong)(gong)弩(nu)(nu)所设,故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)属(shu)弓(gong)(gong),四(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)属(shu)弩(nu)(nu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)两(liang)两(liang)相附(fu),必(bi)知(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)属(shu)弓(gong)(gong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)属(shu)弩(nu)(nu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)上文六(liu)弓(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上,四(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)还以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上配(pei)弓(gong)(gong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)配(pei)弩(nu)(nu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取名(ming)变星(xing),飞(fei)(fei)行(xing)有(you)光,今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飞(fei)(fei)矛是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弧旌(jing)枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)弧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)《孝(xiao)经纬·援神契》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)慝”。《考异邮》曰:“枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)精,状(zhuang)如流(liu)星(xing),蛇行(xing)有(you)尾见(jian)。”《天文志》曰:“枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),状(zhuang)大(da)流(liu)星(xing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)状(zhuang)变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing),行(xing)时有(you)光”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取名(ming)变星(xing),飞(fei)(fei)行(xing)有(you)光”。汉时名(ming)此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为飞(fei)(fei)矛,故(gu)(gu)(gu)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)为说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)轻(qing)重(zhong)象(xiang)枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆可(ke)(ke)结(jie)火以(yi)(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)敌、守城、车战”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》注以(yi)(yi)(yi)枉(wang)(wang)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俱为兵(bing)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)後(hou)(hou)(hou)微(wei)(wei)(wei)轻(qing),行(xing)疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)一在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),二(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)最重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)枉(wang)(wang)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)五分(fen)(fen),二(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),三(san)(san)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)前(qian)(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)又(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)轻(qing),微(wei)(wei)(wei)轻(qing)对(dui)己下(xia)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、恒(heng)(heng)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)为最轻(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杀(sha)(sha)(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),言(yan)中(zhong)则(ze)死”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)称杀(sha)(sha)(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)最重(zhong),中(zhong)则(ze)死故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“钅侯矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)尤(you)(you)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)司候射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及禽兽(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释经用(yong)“诸近射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)田猎”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)(qian)尤(you)(you)重(zhong),中(zhong)深(shen),而不(bu)可(ke)(ke)远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)一在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),二(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尤(you)(you)重(zhong)。中(zhong)深(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)杀(sha)(sha)(sha),名(ming)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)远,故(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“结(jie)缴(jiao)(jiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。,高也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),缴(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)绳(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)结(jie)绳(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)弋射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)鸟兽(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。言(yan)高者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲取向上射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)飞(fei)(fei)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)结(jie)缴(jiao)(jiao)为射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)弗(fu)刂(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)弋飞(fei)(fei)鸟,弗(fu)刂(dao)(dao)罗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)结(jie)缴(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)罗取而弗(fu)刂(dao)(dao)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)又(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)轻(qing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)又(you)对(dui)枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五分(fen)(fen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong),此(ci)於(wu)(wu)(wu)五分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong),又(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)轻(qing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)彼,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)分(fen)(fen)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《诗》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证弋是(shi)(shi)(shi)取禽鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恒(heng)(heng)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《弓(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)》有(you)“其(qi)人(ren)(ren)安”、“其(qi)弓(gong)(gong)安”、“其(qi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,则(ze)此(ci)恒(heng)(heng)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轩周(zhou)订,是(shi)(shi)(shi)安居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庳(bi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)焉(yan),二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)散(san)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)礼(li)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)及习射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),已上六(liu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),皆用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻守及弋射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),惟此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)散(san)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),明散(san)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)礼(li)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即大(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、宾射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、燕射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)习,亦(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)三(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)并言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)(qian)後(hou)(hou)(hou)订,其(qi)行(xing)平也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)分(fen)(fen),三(san)(san)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),四(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),则(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)八(ba)(ba)分(fen)(fen),四(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),四(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),即行(xing)平也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)枉(wang)(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”至(zhi)“四(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)”,皆《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恒(heng)(heng)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)轩周(zhou)中(zhong),所谓(wei)志也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《既夕记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“志一乘轩周(zhou)中(zhong)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庳(bi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)读为人(ren)(ren)罢短(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罢,此(ci)依俗读,於(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)无取。“玄谓(wei)庳(bi)读为Φ病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)Φ,Φ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)伦比(bi)”,伦比(bi)则(ze)与安居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)八(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)弓(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)不(bu)相配(pei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)四(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu),於(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)为可(ke)(ke),以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)六(liu)弓(gong)(gong),其(qi)数(shu)参差,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)相当,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)得相配(pei),但依六(liu)弓(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)与矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),随义(yi)相当而用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

天子之弓合九而成规,诸侯合七而成规大夫合五而成规,士合三而成规,句者谓之弊弓。(体往来之衰也。往体寡来体多则合多往体多,来体寡则合少而圜。弊犹恶也。句者恶则直者善矣。
  ○弊,婢世反(fan)(fan),徐(xu)扶灭(mie)反(fan)(fan)。衰(shuai),初危反(fan)(fan)。圜,音圆。)

[疏]“天子”至“弊弓”
  ○释曰:按上注而言王、弧射大侯,夹、庾射犴侯言之,则天子之弓王、弧也,以其往体寡,故合九成规。诸侯之弓则唐大,以其往来体若一,故合七成规。大夫之弓则夹庾,以其往体多,故合五成规也。士之弓则六弓之外句曲,合三成规。云“句者谓之弊弓”者,但句之至极,无过合三,合三之外,虽别言句者,还指合三者而言耳。按天子诸侯三侯,士与大夫同射近侯,与大夫别侯之法。今以士合三,与大夫弓别者,以士与大夫尊卑次,暂以合三者托之于士,其实士无合三之弓也。
  ○注“体往”至“善矣”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“体(ti)往来(lai)(lai)之衰(shuai)也”者(zhe),此皆据(ju)(ju)角(jiao)弓及(ji)张,不被弦而合(he)之。从合(he)九、合(he)七、合(he)五、合(he)三,降杀以两,故(gu)言衰(shuai)也。云(yun)“往体(ti)寡(gua)来(lai)(lai)体(ti)多则(ze)合(he)多”者(zhe),据(ju)(ju)王(wang)、弧而言。云(yun)“往体(ti)多来(lai)(lai)体(ti)寡(gua)则(ze)合(he)少(shao)而圜”者(zhe),据(ju)(ju)夹、庾而说。不言唐(tang)、大者(zhe),在此二者(zhe)中间(jian)可知。

凡祭祀,共射(she)(she)牲(sheng)(sheng)之弓(gong)矢。(射(she)(she)牲(sheng)(sheng),示亲(qin)杀也。杀牲(sheng)(sheng),非尊者所亲(qin),惟射(she)(she)为(wei)可。《国语》曰(yue):“郊之事,天子必自(zi)射(she)(she)其牲(sheng)(sheng)。”)

[疏]“凡祭”至“弓矢”
  ○释曰:言“凡”,语广,则天地宗庙皆有射牲之事。
  ○注“射牲”至“其牲”
  ○释曰:言“杀牲(sheng),非尊者(zhe)所亲(qin),惟射(she)为可者(zhe)”,按(an)《礼记》“君亲(qin)制(zhi)祭(ji)”,《诗》云(yun)“执其鸾刀(dao),以启其毛”,则射(she)外兼为,而言惟射(she)者(zhe),彼亦示行之,非正(zheng)制(zhi)之耳。引(yin)《国语(yu)》者(zhe),欲(yu)见有射(she)牲(sheng)之事,彼据祭(ji)天(tian)而言。

泽,共射椹质之弓矢。(郑司农云:“泽,泽宫也,所以习射选士之处也。”《射义》曰:“天子将祭,必先习射於泽。泽者,所以择士也。已射於泽,而后射於射宫,射中者得与於祭。
  ○与,音预。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“於祭”
  ○释曰:此所共弓矢,据(ju)王、弧(hu),故上云“王弓、弧(hu)弓以射甲革椹质”。引《射义》,欲见射椹质是(shi)试弓习武在泽宫也。

大射、燕射,共弓矢如数并夹。(如数,如当射者之数也。每人一弓乘矢,并夹,矢{尔}也。
  ○夹,音(yin)甲,注同(tong)。乘,绳证反,四(si)矢曰乘矢。{尔},刘奴辄(zhe)反,又女十(shi)反。)

[疏]注“如数”至“{尔}也”
  ○释曰:知每人四矢(shi)(shi)者(zhe),见(jian)《大射(she)》、《乡(xiang)射(she)礼》皆人各(ge)乘矢(shi)(shi)也。云“并夹(jia)矢(shi)(shi){尔}也”者(zhe),矢(shi)(shi){尔}之言,出於汉时。

大(da)丧,共(gong)明弓(gong)矢。(弓(gong)矢,明器(qi)(qi)之用器(qi)(qi)也。《士丧礼下篇》曰:“用器(qi)(qi)弓(gong)矢。”)

[疏]“大丧共明弓矢”
  ○释曰:云“明器(qi)之(zhi)用(yong)器(qi)也”者(zhe),明器(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)用(yong)器(qi)、役器(qi),役器(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)甲胄、干笮(ze),用(yong)器(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)弓矢,故(gu)郑(zheng)还引用(yong)器(qi)为(wei)证也。

凡师役、会同,颁弓弩各以其物,从授兵至之仪。(物,弓弩矢ゅ之属。
  ○从,才用(yong)反。)

[疏]“凡师”至“之仪”
  ○释曰:言(yan)“师役”,据王巡狩(shou)、征伐而言(yan),与(yu)会同异(yi),颁弓弩则(ze)不(bu)殊也(ye)。

田弋,充笼ゅ矢,共矢。(笼,竹ゅ也。矢不在ゅ者,为其相绕乱,将用乃共之。
  ○笼,也东反。为,于伪(wei)反。)

[疏]注“笼竹”至“共之”
  ○释曰:田(tian),谓(wei)四时(shi)田(tian)时(shi)。弋(yi),谓(wei)弋(yi)凫与雁。云“充笼ゅ矢(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),笼ゅ,皆(jie)盛矢(shi)物,及矢(shi)皆(jie)共之(zhi)。云“共矢(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)矢(shi)之(zhi)有缴者(zhe)(zhe)。云“矢(shi)不在(zai)(zai)ゅ”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其共矢(shi),在(zai)(zai)ゅ下别言之(zhi),故言不在(zai)(zai)ゅ也。

凡亡矢者,弗用则更。(更,偿也。用而弃之则不偿。
  ○更,音(yin)庚,注同(tong)。)

缮人掌王之用弓、弩、矢、ゅ、、弋、抉、拾。(郑司农云:“抉者,所以纵弦也。拾者,所以引弦也。”《诗》云:“抉拾既次。”《诗》家说或谓抉谓引弦区也,拾谓也。玄谓抉,挟矢时所以持弦饰也,著右手巨指。《士丧礼》曰:“抉,用正王棘若棘。”则天子用象骨与?著左臂里,以韦为之。
  ○抉,古穴(xue)反(fan),注同(tong)。区,苦侯反(fan)。,古侯反(fan),刘(liu)云区字(zi)之异者。,胡(hu)旦反(fan)。挟,子(zi)协反(fan),一音(yin)户牒反(fan)。著,丁(ding)略反(fan),或直略反(fan),下同(tong)。,刘(liu)音(yin)泽,又音(yin)亦(yi),一音(yin)徒洛反(fan)。与(yu),音(yin)馀。)

[疏]“缮人”至“抉拾”
  ○释曰:此缮人所掌王之用弓弩者,谓司弓矢选择大善者入,缮人以共王用也。
  ○注“郑司”至“为之”
  ○释曰:先郑所解抉(jue)拾,二家为说,前(qian)非後是,故後郑增成其义,引(yin)《士丧礼》者,欲(yu)见凶(xiong)时有文,吉时无(wu)文,约出吉礼也,无(wu)正文,故云“天子用(yong)象骨(gu)与”。用(yong)韦,虽不言(yan)“与”,亦同疑可知。

掌诏王(wang)(wang)射,(告(gao)王(wang)(wang)当射之节。)

[疏]注“告王当射之节”
  ○释曰:王(wang)射(she)(she),先行燕(yan)礼,以(yi)大夫为宾,宾与王(wang)为耦。所告(gao)之事,亦(yi)如《大射(she)(she)礼》大射(she)(she)正告(gao)公之仪。

赞王(wang)弓矢(shi)之事,(授之,受之。)

[疏]注“授之受之”
  ○释曰:按《大(da)射(she)礼》,大(da)射(she)正授(shou)弓,小臣授(shou)矢(shi)。天子(zi)礼,缮人授(shou)之(zhi),受之(zhi)。按《大(da)仆职》已(yi)授(shou)之(zhi)受之(zhi),此又为者,大(da)仆尊(zun),大(da)仆赞时,此官助赞也。

凡(fan)乘车,充(chong)其笼(long)ゅ,载其弓(gong)弩,(充(chong)笼(long)ゅ以盛矢(shi)。)

[疏]“凡乘”至“弓弩”
  ○释曰:缮人惟主王所乘之车而言吉,凡乘车,则除革路之外,玉、金、象、木之车,车皆有右,备制非常,皆充其笼ゅ及所载弓矢。
  ○注“充笼ゅ者以矢”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):以笼是(shi)盛矢(shi)器,今(jin)云充之,明所充实(shi)者是(shi)矢(shi)可知(zhi)也。

既射则敛之。(敛,藏之也。《诗》云:“彤弓召兮,受言藏之。”
  ○召,昌遥反(fan)。)

[疏]注“敛藏”至“藏之”
  ○释曰:所(suo)敛者,惟据王所(suo)乘车上有弓矢者,既射,还敛取(qu)藏(zang)之,引(yin)《诗(shi)》,证既射弛而藏(zang)之义也(ye)。

无会计。(亡败多少不计。
  ○会(hui)(hui),古外反,下“大(da)会(hui)(hui)”同,後“会(hui)(hui)计(ji)”之类放此(ci)。)

[疏]“无会计”
  ○释曰:以其(qi)王所费损(sun),故不会计(ji)之。

槁人掌受财于职金,以赍其工。(赍其工者,给市财用之直。
  ○赍音咨(zi),後(hou)皆同也。)

[疏]“槁人”至“其工”
  ○释曰:“掌受财于职金”者,谓有罪人出赎之物,金罚、货罚,故须财者往受之。
  ○注“赍其”至“之直”
  ○释曰:弓弩矢ゅ,皆是(shi)冬官百工(gong)(gong)造之,故云(yun)“赍其工(gong)(gong)者,给市财用之直”也(ye)。

弓(gong)六物为三等,弩四(si)物亦如之。(三等者,上(shang)中下人(ren)(ren)各(ge)有所宜。《弓(gong)人(ren)(ren)职》曰:“弓(gong)长(zhang)(zhang)六尺六寸,谓之上(shang)制,上(shang)士服之。弓(gong)长(zhang)(zhang)六尺三寸,谓之中制,中士服之。弓(gong)长(zhang)(zhang)六尺,谓之下制,下士服之。”弩及(ji)矢(shi)ゅ长(zhang)(zhang)短之制,未闻。)

[疏]“弓六”至“如之”
  ○释曰:《弓人》惟云弓之长短,不言弩之长短,盖当与弓同。但无文,故注亦云“未闻”。
  ○注“三等”至“未闻”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“三(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)者,上中下(xia)(xia)人各有所宜”者,皆(jie)(jie)据(ju)凡人长(zhang)短(duan)为(wei)上中下(xia)(xia)士,非(fei)谓命数者也(ye)。此经(jing)惟言(yan)(yan)弓弩(nu)(nu),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)矢(shi)ゅ,以下(xia)(xia)经(jing)有矢(shi)ゅ,因(yin)此弩(nu)(nu)并云(yun)未闻。按《矢(shi)人》造(zao)矢(shi)云(yun)“五分其长(zhang)而羽(yu)其一”,注云(yun):“羽(yu)者,六(liu)寸。”其羽(yu)六(liu)寸,则矢(shi)长(zhang)三(san)(san)尺,而此云(yun)矢(shi)未闻者,彼矢(shi)长(zhang)三(san)(san)尺,约而言(yan)(yan)之,亦(yi)无(wu)正(zheng)文。且弓之长(zhang)短(duan)既不(bu)同,明(ming)矢(shi)亦(yi)当(dang)有差等(deng)(deng),其矢(shi)之差等(deng)(deng)未闻,及ゅ亦(yi)未闻也(ye)。但(dan)弓六(liu)物为(wei)三(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)“皆(jie)(jie)”者,下(xia)(xia)别言(yan)(yan)弩(nu)(nu),故(gu)六(liu)弓不(bu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)。下(xia)(xia)矢(shi)八(ba)(ba)物皆(jie)(jie)三(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)者,矢(shi)八(ba)(ba)物中兼有弩(nu)(nu)矢(shi),故(gu)须言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)也(ye)。

矢八物(wu)皆三等(deng),ゅ亦如之。春(chun)献素,秋(qiu)献成(cheng)。(矢ゅ,春(chun)作秋(qiu)成(cheng)。)

[疏]“矢八”至“献成”
  ○释曰:按《司弓矢》注,弓弩各有四矢,应作四等,而言三等,盖据长短为三等法。《矢人》注“矢长三尺”者,假设言之,弩既无长短之文,矢亦未闻长短也。若然,ゅ随矢长,则弓之矢ゅ与弓矢齐,弩之矢ゅ亦与弩矢齐。但矢既未闻,故ゅ亦未闻也。
  ○注“矢ゅ春作秋成”
  ○释(shi)曰:按《士丧礼(li)》,明器有献素(su)献成,注云:“形(xing)法定为素(su),饰治毕(bi)为成。”此矢ゅ亦(yi)然。

书其等以飨工。(郑司农云:“书工功拙高下之等,以制其飨食也。”玄谓飨,酒肴劳之也。上工作上等,其飨厚。下工作下等,其飨薄。
  ○劳,洛(luo)报反。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“飨薄”
  ○释曰:按下文自有下上其(qi)食,此文飨(xiang)(xiang)据以酒肴(yao)飨(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)。先郑(zheng)以飨(xiang)(xiang)为食,非(fei),故後郑(zheng)不从。後郑(zheng)不言中飨(xiang)(xiang)者,举有上下,明有中可知也。

乘其事,试其弓弩,以下上其食而诛赏。(郑司农云:“乘,计也,计其事之成功也。”故书“试”为“考”。玄谓考之而善,则上其食,尤善又赏之,否者反此。
  ○试(shi),音考(kao),出注。下上,时(shi)掌反,注同(tong)。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“反此”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“故书试为考(kao)”,後郑亦从考(kao)为义也。

乃入功于司弓矢及缮人。(功,成。)凡赍财与其出入,皆在槁人,以待会而考之,亡者阙之。(皆在槁人者,所赍工之财及弓弩矢ゅ,出入其簿书,槁人藏之。阙犹除也。弓弩矢ゅ弃亡者除之,计今见在者。
  ○见,贤遍反。)

[疏]“乃入”至“阙之”
  ○释曰:数事皆在槁人(ren)者(zhe),以人(ren)是弓(gong)矢(shi)官之主,故皆有(you)簿书藏之也。

戎右掌戎车之兵革使。(使谓王使以兵,有所诛斩也。《春秋传》曰:“战於ゾ,晋梁弘御戎,莱驹为右。战之明日,襄公缚秦囚,使莱驹以戈斩之。”
  ○使,色吏反,注“使谓”同。)

[疏]注“使谓”至“斩之”
  ○释(shi)曰:戎右(you)者,与君同车(che),在车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)右(you),执戈盾,备制非常,并充兵(bing)(bing)中使(shi)役(yi),故云(yun)“掌戎车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)革使(shi)”,谓执兵(bing)(bing)著甲之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)也。引《春秋》者,文二年(nian)《左传》文。秦晋(jin)战(zhan)於ゾ,时囚呼,莱(lai)驹失(shi)戈,引之(zhi)(zhi)者,证(zheng)戎右(you)以兵(bing)(bing)革使(shi)事(shi)。

诏赞王(wang)鼓。(既告王(wang)当鼓之节(jie),又助击之。)

[疏]注“既告”至“击之”
  ○释曰:大仆(pu)已赞王鼓,此亦(yi)同(tong)是助击其馀面也。

传王命于陈中。(为王大言之也。
  ○传(chuan),直(zhi)宣反,下(xia)注“传(chuan)敦”同。陈,直(zhi)慎(shen)反,刘直(zhi)吝反。为,于(yu)伪反,下(xia)“为众(zhong)”同。)会(hui)同,充革车。(会(hui)同王虽(sui)乘(cheng)金路(lu),犹以革路(lu)从(cong)行也。充之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),谓居左(zuo)也。《曲礼》曰(yue):“乘(cheng)君之(zhi)(zhi)乘(cheng)车,不敢旷左(zuo)。”)

[疏]注“会同”至“旷左”
  ○释曰:知(zhi)会同王乘(cheng)金(jin)路者(zhe),《巾车》云(yun)“金(jin)路以(yi)宾(bin)”,是也(ye)。此言充(chong)革(ge)车,故(gu)知(zhi)犹以(yi)革(ge)路从。云(yun)“充(chong)之者(zhe),谓(wei)居(ju)左也(ye)”者(zhe),尊者(zhe)左载,王既不乘(cheng),故(gu)戎右居(ju)左赞(zan)王处,是以(yi)引《曲礼》为证。彼注(zhu)云(yun)“君在(zai),恶空其位(wei)”是也(ye)。

盟,则以玉敦辟盟,遂役之。(郑司农云:“敦,器名也。辟,法也。”玄谓将歃血者,先执其器,为众陈其载辞,使心皆开辟也。役之者,传敦血,授当歃者。
  ○敦,音对,刘又都(dou)爱反,沈都(dou)回反,注同(tong)。歃,所洽(qia)反,徐所辄反。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“歃者”
  ○释(shi)曰:先(xian)郑以辟为(wei)法(fa),此(ci)无取於法(fa)义,故後郑为(wei)开辟盟(meng)者(zhe)之(zhi)心。云“将歃血者(zhe),先(xian)执其器”者(zhe),凡盟(meng),先(xian)割(ge)牛耳,盛(sheng)於珠盘,以王敦(dun)盛(sheng)血,戎右执此(ci)敦(dun)血为(wei)陈其盟(meng)约之(zhi)辞,使(shi)心开辟,乃歃之(zhi)。

赞牛耳桃。(郑司农云:“赞牛耳,《春秋传》所谓执牛耳者。故书‘’为‘灭’,杜子春云‘灭当为厉’。”玄谓尸盟者割牛耳取血,助为之,及血在敦中,以桃沸之,又助之也。耳者盛以珠盘,尸盟者执之,桃鬼所畏也。,苕帚,所以扫不祥。
  ○,音(yin)列(lie),沈音(yin)例(li)。盛,音(yin)成。苕,音(yin)条。帚,之受反(fan)。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“不祥”
  ○释曰:引《春秋(qiu)》者(zhe),按哀(ai)十七(qi)年,公会齐侯,盟于(yu)蒙。孟武伯(bo)问於(wu)(wu)高柴曰:“诸侯盟,谁执(zhi)牛(niu)耳(er)?”季羔曰:“曾阝衍之(zhi)役(yi),吴公子姑曹。”注云(yun):“在七(qi)年。”“发阳之(zhi)役(yi),卫石(shi)。”注云(yun):“发阳,郧也(ye),在十二年。”武伯(bo)曰:“然则彘也(ye)。”以其鲁於(wu)(wu)齐为(wei)小国(guo)故(gu)也(ye)。云(yun)“玄谓尸盟者(zhe)割牛(niu)耳(er)”者(zhe),尸盟即是小国(guo)也(ye)。云(yun)“桃(tao)鬼(gui)所畏也(ye)。,苕帚(zhou),所以埽不祥”者(zhe),杀牲取(qu)血,旁(pang)有不祥,故(gu)执(zhi)此(ci)二者(zhe)於(wu)(wu)血侧也(ye)。

齐右掌祭祀、会同、宾客前齐车,王乘则持马,行则陪乘。(齐车,金路,王自整齐之车也。前之者,已驾王未乘之时。陪乘,参乘,谓车右也。齐右与齐仆同车,而有祭祀之事,则兼玉路之右,然则戎右兼田右与?
  ○齐(qi),侧皆(jie)反,下“齐(qi)车”、“齐(qi)仆”皆(jie)同(tong)。乘(cheng),刘绳证反,沈音绳。与,音馀。)

[疏]注“齐车”至“右与”
  ○释曰:云“前之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),已驾王未(wei)乘(cheng)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)》曰:“仆执(zhi)策,立於马前。”备(bei)惊(jing)奔,谓未(wei)乘(cheng)时(shi)(shi)。此亦未(wei)乘(cheng)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi),在马前备(bei)惊(jing)奔也(ye)。云“陪乘(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),王与(yu)仆及车右(you)为(wei)参车也(ye)。云“齐(qi)(qi)右(you)与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)仆同车,而有祭祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)事,则兼玉(yu)路之(zhi)右(you)”者(zhe)(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)仆同乘(cheng)金路,惟可据(ju)齐(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi),今此经云祭祀(si)(si)(si)不言齐(qi)(qi),明是兼祭祀(si)(si)(si)乘(cheng)玉(yu)路时(shi)(shi)为(wei)右(you)可知也(ye)。以其(qi)玉(yu)路有五,其(qi)右(you)惟有齐(qi)(qi)右(you)、道右(you)、戎右(you)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe),不见祀(si)(si)(si)右(you)及田右(you),祭祀(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)亦名(ming)齐(qi)(qi),田与(yu)战伐俱(ju)用(yong)兵,可以相通(tong),故知齐(qi)(qi)右(you)兼玉(yu)路右(you),戎右(you)兼田右(you)也(ye)。无正(zheng)文(wen),故云“与(yu)”以疑之(zhi)也(ye)。

凡有牲事,则前马。(王见牲则拱而式,居马前行,备惊奔也。《曲礼》曰:“国君下宗庙,式齐牛。”
  ○拱,居勇(yong)反。,音却。)

[疏]注“王见”至“齐牛”
  ○释曰:云“王见(jian)牲则(ze)拱(gong)(gong)而(er)式(shi)”者(zhe),凡(fan)男子立乘,前视五。若有敬事则(ze)式(shi),式(shi)视马尾,当须端(duan)拱(gong)(gong),故(gu)云拱(gong)(gong)而(er)式(shi)也。“居马前行,备(bei)惊(jing)奔(ben)也”者(zhe),以其王既拱(gong)(gong)而(er)式(shi),是以齐(qi)右居马前行,备(bei)惊(jing)奔(ben)故(gu)也。引(yin)《曲礼》曰“国君下宗庙(miao),式(shi)齐(qi)牛”者(zhe),按彼经云“国君式(shi)宗庙(miao),下齐(qi)牛”,此(ci)所引(yin)不同者(zhe),但宗庙(miao)尊,宜(yi)下,将彼经为误,故(gu)郑改之,依(yi)正(zheng)而(er)言(yan)也。

道(dao)右(you)掌前道(dao)车。王出入则持马(ma)陪乘,如齐车之(zhi)仪。(道(dao)车,象路也。王行(xing)道(dao)德之(zhi)车。)

[疏]注“道车”至“之车”
  ○释(shi)曰:《齐右(you)》云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)乘则持(chi)(chi)马”,此云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)出(chu)入则持(chi)(chi)马”,文不同者,为右(you)之(zhi)义不异。不同者,互换为义故也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“道(dao)车,象(xiang)路也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)行道(dao)德之(zhi)车”者,若言(yan)象(xiang),据(ju)饰(shi)为名。言(yan)道(dao),据(ju)行改为称,是(shi)以《大司马》亦云(yun)(yun)道(dao)车。

自车上谕命于从车。(自,由。
  ○从,才用(yong)反,下及注同,《驭夫职》放此(ci)。)

[疏]“自车”至“从车”
  ○释曰:按《驭(yu)夫(fu)》“掌驭(yu)贰(er)车从车”,彼(bi)(bi)注“贰(er)车,象路之副。从车,戎路、田路之副”。此所论从车即彼(bi)(bi)贰(er)车,与彼(bi)(bi)从车别,同(tong)名(ming)耳(er)。

诏(zhao)王之(zhi)车仪。(顾式(shi)之(zhi)属。)

[疏]注“顾式之属”
  ○释(shi)曰:《礼》云:“式视马尾,顾不(bu)过(guo)毂。”皆是车上威(wei)仪,故须诏之。齐右(you)不(bu)云者,文不(bu)具。

王(wang)(wang)式则(ze)下,前马(ma),王(wang)(wang)下则(ze)以盖从。(以盖从,表尊(zun)。)

[疏]注“以盖从表尊”
  ○释曰:盖有(you)二种:一者(zhe)御雨,二者(zhe)表尊(zun)。此则表尊(zun)之盖也。

大驭掌驭王路以祀。及犯,王自左驭,驭下祝,登,受辔,犯,遂驱之。(行山曰。犯之者,封土为山象,以菩刍棘柏为神主,既祭之,以车轹之而去,喻无险难也。《春秋传》曰“跋涉山川”。自,由也。王由左驭,禁制马,使不行也。故书“”作“罚”,杜子春云:“罚当为。读为别异之别,谓祖道、轹、磔犬也。《诗》云:‘载谋载惟,取萧祭脂,取羝以。’《诗》家说曰:‘将出祖道,犯之祭也。’《聘礼》曰:‘乃舍,饮酒于其侧。’《礼》家说亦谓时祭。”
  ○,蒲末反(fan),注(zhu)“跋涉”同。祝,之又反(fan)。菩,音员(yuan),一音倍。刍,葱俞反(fan),轹音。历难(nan),乃旦反(fan)。别,彼列(lie)反(fan),下同。磔,陟(zhi)格反(fan)。羝,丁兮反(fan)。舍,音释(shi)。)

[疏]“大驭”至“驱之”
  ○释曰:此据祭天之时,故有犯之事。云“及犯”者,出国门封土为山象,祭,王在左自驭,驭下祝登,受取王手之辔,犯,遂驱之而出。
  ○注“行山”至“道祭”
  ○释曰:言“行山(shan)(shan)曰”者(zhe)(zhe),谓水行曰涉(she),山(shan)(shan)行曰。云“封土为(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)象”者(zhe)(zhe),郑注《月令》“祀行之(zhi)(zhi)礼,为(wei)(wei)坛,厚三寸,广五尺”。此道祭亦宜然。云“菩刍棘(ji)柏(bo)为(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)主”者(zhe)(zhe),谓於三者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)中,但用(yong)其(qi)一,以为(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)主则可也。云“既祭之(zhi)(zhi),以车(che)轹之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)去(qu),逾(yu)无(wu)(wu)险难(nan)也”者(zhe)(zhe),祭天在近(jin)郊,虽无(wu)(wu)险难(nan),审(shen)慎故也。引“《春秋传(chuan)》曰”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an):襄二十八年,子大(da)叔云:“跋涉(she)山(shan)(shan)川,蒙(meng)犯霜露(lu),以逞君心。”是其(qi)山(shan)(shan)行曰之(zhi)(zhi)事也。子春读(du)“”为(wei)(wei)“别(bie)(bie)异(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)者(zhe)(zhe),盖取讫行去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。引《聘礼》大(da)夫(fu)道祭者(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)(wu)牲牢(lao),酒(jiu)脯而(er)已。又(you)於旁饮(yin)酒(jiu)饯(jian)别(bie)(bie),故云“饮(yin)酒(jiu)於其(qi)侧”也。

及祭,酌仆,仆左执辔,右祭两轵,祭凡,乃饮。(故书轵为开,凡为范。杜子春云:“文当如此。‘左’不当重,重非是。”书亦或如子春言。又云:“开当作轵,轵谓两彗也。其或言,亦非是。”又云:“凡当为[A09A],[A09A]谓车前轼也,或读开为簪笄之笄。”
  ○轵,音(yin)(yin)止。凡,音(yin)(yin)犯(fan),注轨同。开,刘音(yin)(yin)鸡。重,直龙反(fan)。彗,音(yin)(yin)卫。轨当(dang),鬼美反(fan),又(you)音(yin)(yin)犯(fan)也。)

[疏]“及祭”至“乃饮”
  ○释曰:此云“及祭,酌仆”者,即上文将犯之时,当祭左右毂未,及轼前,乃犯而去。酌仆者,使人酌酒与仆,仆即大驭也。大驭则左执辔,右手祭两轵,并祭轨之轼前三处讫,乃饮,饮者,若祭末饮福酒,乃始轹而去。
  ○注“故书”至“之笄”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“谓(wei)两(liang)彗(hui)”者,彗(hui)即(ji)毂末(mo)。云(yun)“轨(gui)(gui)当(dang)为(wei)[A09A],[A09A]谓(wei)车(che)轼前(qian)(qian)也(ye)”者,按《少仪》“祭左右(you)轨(gui)(gui)范(fan),乃饮(yin)(yin)”,注(zhu)云(yun)“《周礼》‘大驭祭两(liang)轵,祭轨(gui)(gui),乃饮(yin)(yin)’,轨(gui)(gui)与轵,於车(che)同谓(wei)彗(hui)头(tou)也(ye)。轨(gui)(gui)范(fan)与范(fan)声(sheng)同,谓(wei)轼前(qian)(qian)也(ye)”。若然,此(ci)云(yun)轵,《少仪》作(zuo)“轨(gui)(gui)”,轨(gui)(gui)与车(che)辙之轨(gui)(gui)同名(ming)。此(ci)云(yun)轨(gui)(gui),《少仪》云(yun)“范(fan)”,同是轼前(qian)(qian)也(ye)。

凡驭路,行以《肆夏》,趋以《采荠》。(凡驭路,谓五路也。《肆夏》、《采荠》,乐章也。行谓大寝至路门,趋谓路门至应门。
  ○荠,才私反。)

[疏]“凡驭”至“采荠”
  ○释曰:《乐师》亦有此法,彼下有“车亦如之”,即上云行者,据步迎宾客法,此既驭路,亦云行者,此虽驭路,行迟疾,惟步迎宾客为法,故虽车亦行也。
  ○注“凡驭”至“应门”
  ○释曰(yue):此大(da)驭(yu)惟驭(yu)玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu),而云(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)五路(lu)(lu)(lu)”者(zhe),大(da)驭(yu)虽驭(yu)玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu),以经云(yun)“凡”,所含(han)广,则馀四路(lu)(lu)(lu)亦(yi)(yi)准玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)为法,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)五路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,迎宾客惟乘金路(lu)(lu)(lu),馀四路(lu)(lu)(lu)虽不用迎宾客,至(zhi)於乘车,皆(jie)自(zi)(zi)内而出(chu),自(zi)(zi)外而入(ru),经路(lu)(lu)(lu)寝及(ji)(ji)门(men)(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)据大(da)寝为正也(ye)。云(yun)“《肆夏(xia)(xia)》、《采(cai)荠》,乐(le)章也(ye)”者(zhe),《肆夏(xia)(xia)》在《锺师》,与《九夏(xia)(xia)》同是乐(le)章可知。其《采(cai)茨》虽逸诗(shi),既与《肆夏(xia)(xia)》同歌(ge),明亦(yi)(yi)乐(le)章也(ye)。知“行谓(wei)(wei)大(da)寝至(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men),趋谓(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)至(zhi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe),《尔(er)雅》云(yun)“堂(tang)(tang)上谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)行,门(men)(men)(men)外谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)趋”,行虽在堂(tang)(tang),亦(yi)(yi)人之(zhi)(zhi)行由(you)堂(tang)(tang)始,故(gu)(gu)发堂(tang)(tang)至(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)为行,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)行谓(wei)(wei)大(da)寝至(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men),趋谓(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)至(zhi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)也(ye)。郑(zheng)注《乐(le)师》云(yun):“及(ji)(ji)入(ru)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)、路(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men),亦(yi)(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)。”此注不言,亦(yi)(yi)同於彼也(ye)。若(ruo)然,应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)外亦(yi)(yi)应(ying)(ying)有乐(le)节,但无文,故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)不言也(ye)。

凡驭路仪,以鸾和为节。(舒疾之法也。鸾在衡,和在轼,皆以金为铃。
  ○铃,音零。)

[疏]注“舒疾”至“为铃”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)“鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng)(heng)和在轼(shi)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)见(jian)《韩诗传》云“升车(che)(che)则(ze)(ze)马(ma)动,马(ma)动则(ze)(ze)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)鸣,鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)鸣则(ze)(ze)和应”,乘车(che)(che)先马(ma)动,次鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)鸣,乃和应,明鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)近(jin)马(ma)首,和更近(jin)後,故(gu)知(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng)(heng)和在轼(shi)也。且(qie)按《秦诗》云“车(che)(che)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)镳(biao)”,毛云“鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng)(heng)”,郑(zheng)云“鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在镳(biao)”,不从毛义(yi)者(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)田车(che)(che)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在镳(biao),乘车(che)(che)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng)(heng),此(ci)云鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng)(heng),据乘车(che)(che)而言故(gu)也。云“皆以(yi)金(jin)为铃(ling)”者(zhe),鼓人掌四(si)金(jin),铃(ling)则(ze)(ze)四(si)金(jin)之类,故(gu)知(zhi)用金(jin)为之,乃可得(de)有声也。

戎仆掌驭戎车。(戎车,革路也。师出,王乘以自将。
  ○将,子匠(jiang)反。)

[疏]注“戎车”至“自将”
  ○释曰:此云(yun)戎车(che)(che),《巾车(che)(che)》云(yun):“革路建太白以即戎。”车(che)(che)革路也。

掌王ヘ车之政,正其服。(ヘ,副也。服谓众乘戎车者之衣服。
  ○ヘ,七内反,刘(liu)仓爱反。)

[疏]注“ヘ副”至“衣服”
  ○释曰(yue):郑注《坊记》云:“仆右恒朝服(fu)。”据非在军(jun)时。若在军(jun),则服(fu)韦弁服(fu)。众(zhong)乘(cheng)戎(rong)车(che)者之(zhi)(zhi)衣服(fu),谓此(ci)服(fu)也(ye)。言丘(qiu)乘(cheng)戎(rong)车(che)者之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),则副车(che)十二乘(cheng)及广阙革轻之(zhi)(zhi)ヘ皆(jie)是也(ye)。

犯,如玉路之仪。凡(fan)巡守及(ji)兵车(che)之会,亦(yi)如之。(如在军。)

[疏]注“如在军”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“如在军”者(zhe),谓如其犯。巡狩及兵车会(hui),亦乘(cheng)革路,若乘(cheng)车之会(hui)即乘(cheng)金路也。

掌凡(fan)戎(rong)车之仪(yi)。(凡(fan)戎(rong)车,众之兵(bing)车也。《书序》曰(yue):“武(wu)王(wang)戎(rong)车三百两(liang)。”)

[疏]注“以待宾客”
  ○释曰:云“凡”语广(guang),故(gu)知众兵车即(ji)三百两也。按武王伐(fa)纣时,王自巡六师,则(ze)有六军千乘,及诸戎狄,三分二诸侯,其车多矣。只(zhi)有三百两者(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)陈与纣战者(zhe)(zhe)而言。

齐仆掌驭金路以宾。(以待宾客。
  ○宾,如字,刘万刃反。)

[疏]注“凡戎”至“百两”
  ○释(shi)曰:此经与(yu)下为目(mu),所待宾(bin)客,即下文是(shi)也。

朝、觐、宗、遇、飨、食皆乘金路,其法仪各以其等,为车送逆之节。(节,谓王乘车迎宾客及送相去远近之数。上公九十步,侯伯七十步,子男五十步。《司仪职》曰“车逆拜辱”,又曰“及出车送”。
  ○乘车,如字。)

[疏]注“节谓”至“车送”
  ○释曰(yue):受(shou)(shou)(shou)享(xiang)於庙则迎(ying)之(zhi)。《大行(xing)人(ren)》云:“上(shang)公(gong)九(jiu)(jiu)十步,介九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren),摈者(zhe)五人(ren),庙中(zhong)将币,三享(xiang)。”郑注云:“朝(chao)先享(xiang),不(bu)言(yan)朝(chao),朝(chao)正礼(li),不(bu)嫌有等(deng)。”是(shi)春夏受(shou)(shou)(shou)贽(zhi)於朝(chao),无迎(ying)法,受(shou)(shou)(shou)享(xiang)则有之(zhi)。秋冬一受(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)於庙,亦(yi)(yi)无迎(ying)法,故《郊(jiao)特牲》云“觐礼(li),天子不(bu)下堂而见诸侯”,是(shi)受(shou)(shou)(shou)贽(zhi)受(shou)(shou)(shou)享(xiang)皆无迎(ying)法。今言(yan)“朝(chao)觐宗遇飨(xiang)(xiang)食皆乘金(jin)路(lu)”者(zhe),谓(wei)因此(ci)朝(chao)觐宗遇而与(yu)诸侯行(xing)飨(xiang)(xiang)食在(zai)庙,即有乘金(jin)路(lu)迎(ying)宾客之(zhi)法也(ye)。云“上(shang)公(gong)九(jiu)(jiu)十步”已下,《大行(xing)人(ren)》文。彼据受(shou)(shou)(shou)享(xiang)於庙,非飨(xiang)(xiang)食礼(li)也(ye)。引之(zhi)者(zhe),欲见飨(xiang)(xiang)食迎(ying)宾与(yu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)享(xiang)同(tong)。《司仪》所云,亦(yi)(yi)据受(shou)(shou)(shou)飨(xiang)(xiang)食之(zhi)礼(li)也(ye)。

道仆掌驭象路以朝夕、燕出入,其法仪如齐车。(朝夕,朝朝莫夕。
  ○朝夕,直遥反,注(zhu)“朝夕”同。朝朝,上如字,下(xia)直遥反。莫夕,音暮。)

[疏]注“朝夕朝朝莫夕”
  ○释曰(yue):朝朝莫夕,在正朝来往,而言(yan)“燕”者,以其(qi)在宫(gong)中(zhong)行事皆称燕。

掌贰车之(zhi)政(zheng)令(ling)。(贰亦副(fu)。)

[疏]注“贰亦副”
  ○释曰:上(shang)文戎仆ヘ车云“副”,故此贰(er)亦副也。

田仆掌驭田路以田以鄙。(田路,木路也。田,田猎也。鄙,循行县鄙。
  ○行,下孟反(fan)。)

[疏]注“田路”至“县鄙”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“田(tian)(tian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),木(mu)(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《巾车(che)》云(yun)(yun)“木(mu)(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)大(da)麾以田(tian)(tian)”,故知(zhi)田(tian)(tian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)即木(mu)(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“田(tian)(tian),田(tian)(tian)猎也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),据四时田(tian)(tian)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“鄙,循行县鄙”者(zhe)(zhe),谓在(zai)百里外六遂之中,王巡六遂县鄙,则六乡州党巡之可知(zhi),举远(yuan)以明近也(ye)。

掌佐(zuo)(zuo)车之政。(佐(zuo)(zuo)亦副(fu)。)

[疏]注“佐亦副”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):天子尊(zun),故戎车(che)、田(tian)车(che)之(zhi)二(er)有别名。诸侯卑,戎车(che)、田(tian)车(che)之(zhi)二(er)同曰(yue)佐(zuo),无ヘ名。是以《檀(tan)弓》云“战於(wu)乘丘,公队,佐(zuo)车(che)授绥”,《少仪》注(zhu)亦(yi)云“朝(chao)祀(si)之(zhi)副(fu)曰(yue)贰,戎猎之(zhi)副(fu)曰(yue)佐(zuo)”也。

设驱逆之车,(驱,驱禽使前趋获。逆,衙还之使不出围。
  ○驱,如字,又起遇反,後同。衙,本又作(zuo)御,同五嫁(jia)反。)

[疏]注“驱驱”至“出围”
  ○释曰:按(an)《王制》云:“大夫杀(sha),则止(zhi)佐车,佐车止(zhi),则百姓田猎。”彼佐车,则此(ci)驱逆之车也。

令获者植旌,(以告获也。植,树也。
  ○植,直吏(li)反,又时(shi)力(li)反。树,如字,又一音竖。)

[疏]注“以告”至“树也”
  ○释(shi)曰:按《山虞》“植旗(qi)属禽”,此官又云“植旌比禽”者,彼(bi)此共(gong)其事,故并见之。

及献,比禽。(田弊,获者各献其禽。比,种物相从次数之。
  ○比(bi),毗(pi)志(zhi)反,次也,注同(tong)。种,章勇反,下同(tong)。数(shu),所(suo)主反。)

[疏]注“田弊”至“数之”
  ○释曰:《大司马(ma)》“春火弊(bi)(bi),夏车弊(bi)(bi),秋罗弊(bi)(bi),冬徒(tu)弊(bi)(bi)”。弊(bi)(bi),止也。田止,百姓所得禽,大兽公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),小禽私之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,献於(wu)旌(jing)下。每(mei)禽择取三十(shi),其馀为主皮(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射而取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故云“比种物相(xiang)从次(ci)数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”也。

凡田,王提马而走,诸侯晋,大夫驰。(提犹举也。晋犹抑也。使人叩而举之、抑之,皆止奔也。驰,放不扣。
  ○叩(kou),音口(kou),下同(tong)。)

[疏]“凡田”至“夫驰”
  ○释曰:凡田,亦谓四(si)时田。天子发,抗(kang)大(da)绥。诸侯发,抗(kang)小(xiao)绥。大(da)夫(fu)下君(jun),不得云绥。云大(da)夫(fu)发,止佐车,其时有提(ti)马晋马之(zhi)事。云提(ti)迟於驰(chi),皆使(shi)尊者体促之(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)。

驭夫尝驭贰车(che)、从车(che)、使车(che)。(贰车(che),象路(lu)之副也。从车(che),戎路(lu)、田路(lu)之副也。使车(che),驱逆之车(che)。)

[疏]注“贰车”至“之车”
  ○释曰:知(zhi)贰车(che)是(shi)“象路之(zhi)副”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)《道仆(pu)(pu)》云“掌贰车(che)之(zhi)政(zheng)令”,故(gu)知(zhi)之(zhi)也(ye)。知(zhi)从车(che)是(shi)“戎(rong)路田(tian)路之(zhi)副”者(zhe),见《戎(rong)仆(pu)(pu)》与《田(tian)仆(pu)(pu)》俱不(bu)言贰,田(tian)与戎(rong)俱是(shi)职烦,故(gu)知(zhi)兼(jian)此(ci)二者(zhe)也(ye)。不(bu)掌戎(rong)路、金(jin)路之(zhi)副者(zhe),贰者(zhe)事暇(xia),盖(gai)车(che)仆(pu)(pu)不(bu)共掌也(ye)。知(zhi)使(shi)车(che)是(shi)驱(qu)逆者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)使(shi)役劳剧之(zhi)事,故(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)驱(qu)逆之(zhi)车(che)也(ye)。

分(fen)公马而驾治(zhi)之(zhi)。(乘调六(liu)种之(zhi)马。)

[疏]注“乘调六种之马”
  ○释(shi)曰:趋马自主驾脱,故知此驾治者是(shi)调习之(zhi)也。

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