用间第十三
孙子曰：
凡兴师十(shi)万(wan)，出征千里，百姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费，公家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奉，日费千金，内(nei)外骚动，怠于道路，不(bu)得操事者，七十(shi)万(wan)家(jia)。相守数(shu)年，以(yi)争一日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胜，而爱爵禄百金，不(bu)知(zhi)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情者，不(bu)仁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)，非民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将也(ye)，非主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐(zuo)也(ye)，非胜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)也(ye)。故明君(jun)贤将所(suo)以(yi)动而胜人(ren)，成功出于众者，先(xian)知(zhi)也(ye)。先(xian)知(zhi)者，不(bu)可取于鬼神(shen)，不(bu)可象于事，不(bu)可验于度，必取于人(ren)，知(zhi)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情者也(ye)。
故(gu)用(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有五(wu)：有因(yin)(yin)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有内(nei)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有死(si)(si)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有生(sheng)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。五(wu)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)俱起，莫(mo)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)，是(shi)谓神纪，人(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宝也(ye)。乡间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)乡人(ren)而用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；内(nei)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)官人(ren)而用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)敌(di)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；死(si)(si)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，为(wei)诳事于外，令吾闻知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而传于敌(di)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)；生(sheng)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，反(fan)报也(ye)。故(gu)三(san)军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，莫(mo)亲于间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，赏(shang)莫(mo)厚于间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，事莫(mo)密于间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，非(fei)圣贤不(bu)能用(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，非(fei)仁(ren)义不(bu)能使(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，非(fei)微妙(miao)不(bu)能得间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实。微哉微哉！无(wu)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事未(wei)发而先闻者(zhe)，间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)与所(suo)(suo)告者(zhe)兼死(si)(si)。凡(fan)军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)击(ji)，城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)攻，人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)杀(sha)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)先知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)守(shou)将、左右(you)、谒者(zhe)、门者(zhe)、舍人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓名，令吾间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)必(bi)(bi)(bi)索知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。敌(di)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)我者(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)而利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，导而舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)得而用(yong)(yong)也(ye)；因(yin)(yin)是(shi)而知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)乡间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、内(nei)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)得而使(shi)也(ye)；因(yin)(yin)是(shi)而知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)死(si)(si)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)为(wei)诳事，可(ke)(ke)使(shi)告敌(di)；因(yin)(yin)是(shi)而知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)生(sheng)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)如期。五(wu)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，主必(bi)(bi)(bi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)在于反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，故(gu)反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)厚也(ye)。
昔殷之(zhi)兴(xing)也，伊挚在夏；周之(zhi)兴(xing)也，吕牙在殷。故明(ming)君贤将(jiang)，能以上智(zhi)为(wei)间者，必成大功。此兵之(zhi)要，三军(jun)之(zhi)所(suo)恃而动也。
【翻译】：
孙(sun)子说：凡兴兵十(shi)(shi)万，征战千(qian)里，百姓(xing)的(de)耗费， 国家(jia)的(de)开支，每(mei)天(tian)都要花费千(qian)金(jin)，前后(hou)方(fang)动(dong)乱(luan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)，戌卒(zu)疲(pi)备(bei)地在(zai)路上奔波，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)从事正常(chang)生产的(de)有(you)七十(shi)(shi)万家(jia)。这(zhei)样相持数年，就(jiu)是(shi)为了(le)决(jue)胜于一旦，如(ru)果吝惜(xi)爵禄和(he)金(jin)钱，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯用来(lai)重用间谍，以(yi)(yi)致因为不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)掌握(wo)敌情(qing)而导致失(shi)败，那就(jiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁到极点(dian)了(le)。这(zhei)种人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)配作军队的(de)统帅，算不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上国家(jia)的(de)辅(fu)佐，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)胜利的(de)主宰(zai)。所以(yi)(yi)，明君(jun)和(he)贤将之(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)一出兵就(jiu)能(neng)战胜敌人，功(gong)业超(chao)越众人，就(jiu)在(zai)于能(neng)预先掌握(wo)敌情(qing)。要事先了(le)解敌情(qing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)求(qiu)神(shen)问(wen)鬼，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)用相似(si)的(de)现象作类比推测，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)用日月(yue)星辰运行的(de)位(wei)置去验证，一定要取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)于人，从那些熟悉敌情(qing)的(de)人的(de)口中去获取(qu)(qu)。
间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)的(de)(de)运(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)五种(zhong)，即乡(xiang)(xiang)间(jian)(jian)(jian)、内间(jian)(jian)(jian)、反间(jian)(jian)(jian)、死(si)(si)间(jian)(jian)(jian)、生间(jian)(jian)(jian)。五种(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)同时用(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)来，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敌(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)从捉(zhuo)摸(mo)我用(yong)(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)规律，这是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)神妙莫测(ce)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，也(ye)正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国君克敌(di)(di)(di)制胜的(de)(de)法(fa)宝。所(suo)谓(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)间(jian)(jian)(jian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)敌(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)同乡(xiang)(xiang)做间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)；所(suo)谓(wei)内间(jian)(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)敌(di)(di)(di)方(fang)官(guan)吏做间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)；所(suo)谓(wei)反间(jian)(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敌(di)(di)(di)方(fang)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)为(wei)我所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)；所(suo)谓(wei)死(si)(si)间(jian)(jian)(jian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)制造散布(bu)假情(qing)(qing)(qing)报(bao)(bao)(bao)，通过我方(fang)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)将假情(qing)(qing)(qing)报(bao)(bao)(bao)传给敌(di)(di)(di)间(jian)(jian)(jian)，诱(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敌(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)上当(dang)，一旦真(zhen)情(qing)(qing)(qing)败露，我间(jian)(jian)(jian)难免一死(si)(si)；所(suo)谓(wei)生间(jian)(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)侦察后(hou)能活着回来报(bao)(bao)(bao)告敌(di)(di)(di)情(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。所(suo)以在军队中，没有(you)比(bi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)更亲近的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，没有(you)比(bi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)更为(wei)优厚奖(jiang)赏(shang)的(de)(de)，没有(you)比(bi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)更为(wei)秘密(mi)的(de)(de)事情(qing)(qing)(qing)了。不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)睿智超群的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)能使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁慈慷慨的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)能指(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谋虑精细(xi)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)能得到间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)提供(gong)的(de)(de)真(zhen)实情(qing)(qing)(qing)报(bao)(bao)(bao)。微妙啊，微妙！无(wu)时无(wu)处不(bu)(bu)可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)。间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)的(de)(de)工作还未(wei)开展(zhan)，而已(yi)泄露出去(qu)的(de)(de)，那么间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)和了解(jie)内情(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)处死(si)(si)。凡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)攻打的(de)(de)敌(di)(di)(di)方(fang)军队，要(yao)(yao)攻占的(de)(de)敌(di)(di)(di)方(fang)城市，要(yao)(yao)刺杀的(de)(de)敌(di)(di)(di)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)员(yuan)，都(dou)须预先了解(jie)其(qi)主管将领(ling)、左右亲信、负责传达的(de)(de)官(guan)员(yuan)、守(shou)门官(guan)吏和门客(ke)幕僚(liao)的(de)(de)姓名(ming)，指(zhi)令我方(fang)间(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)(die)一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)将这些情(qing)(qing)(qing)况(kuang)侦察清楚。
一(yi)定(ding)要搜查出(chu)敌方派来侦察我方军情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)，从而用重金收买(mai)他(ta)，引诱(you)开导他(ta)，然后再放(fang)他(ta)回去，这(zhei)样，反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)就可以(yi)为我所用了(le)(le)。通过反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)解(jie)敌情(qing)，乡间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、内间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也就可以(yi)利用起来了(le)(le)。通过反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)解(jie)敌倩(qian)，就能使(shi)(shi)(shi)死间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)传播假(jia)情(qing)报(bao)给敌人了(le)(le)。通过反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)解(jie)敌情(qing)，就能使(shi)(shi)(shi)生间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按预定(ding)时间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)报(bao)告敌情(qing)了(le)(le)。五种(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)谍(die)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用，国(guo)君都必须了(le)(le)解(jie)掌握。了(le)(le)解(jie)情(qing)况(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)在于使(shi)(shi)(shi)用反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，所以(yi)对反(fan)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不可不给予优厚的(de)(de)(de)待遇。
从(cong)前殷商的(de)(de)兴起，在(zai)于(yu)重用(yong)了(le)在(zai)夏(xia)朝为臣的(de)(de)伊挚，他熟悉并了(le)解(jie)夏(xia)朝的(de)(de)情况；周朝的(de)(de)兴起，是由于(yu)周武(wu)王重用(yong)了(le)了(le)解(jie)商朝情况的(de)(de)吕牙(ya)。所以，明(ming)智的(de)(de)国(guo)君，贤能(neng)的(de)(de)将帅，能(neng)用(yong)智慧高超的(de)(de)人(ren)充当间(jian)谍，就一(yi)定能(neng)建树(shu)大(da)功。这是用(yong)兵的(de)(de)关键(jian)，整个军(jun)队(dui)都要依(yi)靠间(jian)谍提供的(de)(de)敌情来决定军(jun)事行(xing)动。
