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孙子兵法在线阅读

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目录:始计第一 作战第二 谋攻第三 军形第四 兵势第五 虚实第六 军争第七 九变第八 行军第九 地形第十 九地第十一 火攻第十二 用间第十三 下载到手机

九地第十一

孙子曰:

用兵之(zhi)法,有(you)散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)轻(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)交(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)泛(fan)(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)围(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),有(you)死地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)自(zi)战(zhan)(zhan)其地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);入(ru)人(ren)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不深(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)轻(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。我得则(ze)(ze)利(li),彼(bi)得亦利(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);我可以(yi)往,彼(bi)可以(yi)来者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)交(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)属,先至而得天下(xia)众(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);入(ru)人(ren)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)深(shen),背城邑(yi)多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);山林(lin)、险阻、沮(ju)泽,凡难行(xing)之(zhi)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)泛(fan)(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);所由入(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)隘,所从归(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)迂,彼(bi)寡可以(yi)击吾(wu)之(zhi)众(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)围(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);疾战(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)(ze)存,不疾战(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)(ze)亡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)死地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。是(shi)故散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)无战(zhan)(zhan),轻(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)无止(zhi),争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)无攻(gong),交(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)无绝(jue),衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)合交(jiao),重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)掠(lve),泛(fan)(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)行(xing),围(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)谋(mou),死地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)战(zhan)(zhan)。

古之善(shan)用(yong)兵(bing)者,能使敌人前后不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)及(ji),众寡不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)恃,贵贱不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)救(jiu),上下不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)收,卒离而(er)不(bu)(bu)集,兵(bing)合而(er)不(bu)(bu)齐。合于利(li)而(er)动,不(bu)(bu)合于利(li)而(er)止(zhi)。敢(gan)问敌所(suo)(suo)爱则听矣。兵(bing)之情主速(su),乘人之不(bu)(bu)及(ji)。由(you)不(bu)(bu)虞之道,攻其(qi)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)戒也。

凡为客之道,深入则专(zhuan)。主(zhu)人不(bu)克,掠于(yu)饶野(ye),三(san)军足食。谨养(yang)而(er)勿劳(lao),并气积力,运兵计谋,为不(bu)可测(ce)。

投(tou)之(zhi)无所往,死且(qie)不(bu)北。死焉不(bu)得,士人尽(jin)力。兵(bing)士甚陷则(ze)(ze)不(bu)惧,无所往则(ze)(ze)固,深入则(ze)(ze)拘,不(bu)得已则(ze)(ze)斗。是故其兵(bing)不(bu)修而戒,不(bu)求而得,不(bu)约(yue)而亲,不(bu)令而信,禁祥去疑,至死无所之(zhi)。

吾士无余(yu)财,非恶(e)货(huo)也(ye)(ye);无余(yu)命,非恶(e)寿也(ye)(ye)。令发之(zhi)日,士卒坐者(zhe)涕(ti)沾襟,偃卧者(zhe)涕(ti)交颐,投之(zhi)无所往,诸(zhu)、刿(gui)之(zhi)勇(yong)也(ye)(ye)。故善用(yong)兵者(zhe),譬如率(lv)然。率(lv)然者(zhe),常山之(zhi)蛇也(ye)(ye)。击(ji)其(qi)首则尾(wei)至,击(ji)其(qi)尾(wei)则首至,击(ji)其(qi)中则首尾(wei)俱至。敢问兵可使如率(lv)然乎(hu)?曰(yue)可。夫吴人(ren)与越人(ren)相(xiang)恶(e)也(ye)(ye),当其(qi)同舟(zhou)而济而遇风,其(qi)相(xiang)救(jiu)也(ye)(ye)如左右手。是故方马(ma)埋轮(lun),未足恃也(ye)(ye);齐(qi)勇(yong)如一,政(zheng)之(zhi)道也(ye)(ye);刚柔皆得,地(di)之(zhi)理也(ye)(ye)。故善用(yong)兵者(zhe),携手若使一人(ren),不得已也(ye)(ye)。

将(jiang)(jiang)军之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),静(jing)以幽,正以治(zhi),能愚(yu)士卒之(zhi)耳(er)目,使(shi)之(zhi)无(wu)知;易(yi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),革其(qi)(qi)谋,使(shi)人无(wu)识;易(yi)其(qi)(qi)居(ju),迂其(qi)(qi)途(tu),使(shi)民不得虑。帅(shuai)与之(zhi)期,如登高而去其(qi)(qi)梯(ti);帅(shuai)与之(zhi)深入诸侯之(zhi)地,而发其(qi)(qi)机。若驱群羊,驱而往,驱而来,莫知所之(zhi)。聚三军之(zhi)众,投之(zhi)于险,此谓将(jiang)(jiang)军之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也。

九(jiu)地之(zhi)变,屈(qu)伸之(zhi)力,人(ren)情之(zhi)理,不可不察(cha)也。

凡为(wei)客之(zhi)道,深(shen)则(ze)专(zhuan),浅则(ze)散。去国越境而师者(zhe),绝地也(ye);四彻者(zhe),衢地也(ye);入深(shen)者(zhe),重(zhong)地也(ye);入浅者(zhe),轻地也(ye);背固(gu)前隘者(zhe),围地也(ye);无所往(wang)者(zhe),死地也(ye)。

是故散地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)一其(qi)(qi)(qi)志,轻地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)使之(zhi)属(shu),争地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)趋其(qi)(qi)(qi)后,交地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)守(shou),交地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang) 固其(qi)(qi)(qi)结,衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)恃,重地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)继其(qi)(qi)(qi)食,泛地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)进其(qi)(qi)(qi)途,围地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)阙,死地(di)(di)(di)(di)吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang) 示之(zhi)以(yi)不活。

故(gu)兵(bing)之情(qing):围则(ze)御,不得已则(ze)斗,过则(ze)从。

是故(gu)(gu)不知(zhi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋者,不能(neng)预交;不知(zhi)山林(lin)、险(xian)阻、沮泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形者,不能(neng)行(xing)军(jun);不用乡 导,不能(neng)得地利。四(si)五(wu)者,一不知(zhi),非霸王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)也(ye)。夫霸王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing),伐大国,则(ze)其(qi)众不得聚(ju); 威加(jia)于敌,则(ze)其(qi)交不得合。是故(gu)(gu)不争天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交,不养(yang)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权,信己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私,威加(jia)于敌,则(ze)其(qi) 城可拔,其(qi)国可隳。

施(shi)无法之(zhi)赏,悬无政之(zhi)令(ling)。犯(fan)(fan)三(san)军之(zhi)众(zhong),若使一人。犯(fan)(fan)之(zhi)以(yi)事,勿告以(yi)言;犯(fan)(fan)之(zhi)以(yi)害(hai),勿告以(yi)利。投之(zhi)亡地(di)然(ran)后(hou)存,陷(xian)(xian)之(zhi)死地(di)然(ran)后(hou)生。夫众(zhong)陷(xian)(xian)于害(hai),然(ran)后(hou)能为胜败。

故(gu)(gu)为兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),在顺(shun)详敌(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,并敌(di)一向(xiang),千(qian)里杀将,是谓巧能成事(shi)。是故(gu)(gu)政举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),夷(yi)关(guan)折符(fu),无通(tong)其(qi)(qi)使,厉于廊(lang)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),以诛其(qi)(qi)事(shi)。敌(di)人开阖,必亟入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),先其(qi)(qi)所爱(ai),微与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 期,践墨随敌(di),以决战事(shi)。是故(gu)(gu)始如处女,敌(di)人开户(hu);后如脱兔(tu),敌(di)不及拒。

【翻译】:

孙子(zi)说:按照用(yong)兵的(de)原则,军事地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理有(you)散(san)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、轻(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、交地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、重地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、圮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、围地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)在本(ben)国(guo)(guo)境(jing)内作战(zhan)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)散(san)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。在敌(di)(di)国(guo)(guo)浅近纵(zong)深(shen)作战(zhan)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)轻(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。我方得到(dao)有(you)利,敌(di)(di)人(ren)得到(dao)也有(you)利的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。我军可(ke)(ke)以前(qian)往(wang),敌(di)(di)军也可(ke)(ke)以前(qian)来的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)交地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。多(duo)(duo)国(guo)(guo)相毗邻,先到(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以获得诸(zhu)侯(hou)列(lie)国(guo)(guo)援(yuan)助(zhu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。深(shen)入敌(di)(di)国(guo)(guo)腹地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),背靠敌(di)(di)人(ren)众多(duo)(duo)城(cheng)邑的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。山林险阻沼泽等难于通(tong)行的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)圮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。行军的(de)道(dao)路狭窄,退兵的(de)道(dao)路迂远,敌(di)(di)人(ren)可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)少量兵力攻击我方众多(duo)(duo)兵力的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)围地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。迅(xun)(xun)速(su)(su)奋战(zhan)就(jiu)(jiu)能生存,不(bu)(bu)迅(xun)(xun)速(su)(su)奋战(zhan)就(jiu)(jiu)会全(quan)军覆(fu)灭的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。因此,处于散(san)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)宜作战(zhan),处于轻(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)宜停留(liu),遇上(shang)争(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)勉(mian)强强攻,遇上(shang)交地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)断绝联络,进入衢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)应该结交诸(zhu)侯(hou),深(shen)入重地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)掠取粮草,碰到(dao)圮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)必须迅(xun)(xun)速(su)(su)通(tong)过,陷入围地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)设谋脱险,处于死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)力战(zhan)求生。

从前(qian)(qian)善于指挥作战的(de)人(ren),能(neng)使敌(di)人(ren)前(qian)(qian)后部队不(bu)能(neng)相互(hu)(hu)策应,主力和(he)小部队无法(fa)相互(hu)(hu)依靠(kao),官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)间不(bu)能(neng)相互(hu)(hu)救援,上下级之(zhi)(zhi)间不(bu)能(neng)互(hu)(hu)相联络,士兵(bing)(bing)分(fen)散不(bu)能(neng)集中,合(he)兵(bing)(bing)布(bu)(bu)阵(zhen)也不(bu)整齐。对(dui)我有(you)利就打,对(dui)我无利就停止行动(dong)。试问:敌(di)人(ren)兵(bing)(bing)员(yuan)众多且又阵(zhen)势严(yan)整向我发起进攻,那该用(yong)(yong)什么办法(fa)对(dui)付它呢?回答是:先(xian)夺取敌(di)人(ren)最关心爱(ai)护的(de),这(zhei)样就听从我们的(de)摆布(bu)(bu)了。用(yong)(yong)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)理贵在(zai)神速,要乘敌(di)人(ren)措(cuo)手不(bu)及的(de)时机(ji),走敌(di)人(ren)意料不(bu)到(dao)的(de)道路,攻击(ji)敌(di)人(ren)没有(you)戒备的(de)地(di)方。

在敌(di)国(guo)境内进行作战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)般规律是:越深(shen)入(ru)敌(di)国(guo)腹地(di),我(wo)军(jun)(jun)军(jun)(jun)心就(jiu)(jiu)越坚(jian)固,敌(di)人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)胜我(wo)们。在敌(di)国(guo)丰(feng)饶(rao)地(di)区掠(lve)取粮草,部队(dui)(dui)给养(yang)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)了保障(zhang)。要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)休整部队(dui)(dui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)使其过于疲(pi)劳,保持土气,养(yang)精(jing)蓄锐。部署兵力,巧设计谋,使敌(di)人(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)判断我(wo)军(jun)(jun)的(de)意(yi)图。将(jiang)部队(dui)(dui)置(zhi)于无(wu)(wu)(wu)路(lu)可走(zou)的(de)绝境,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)宁(ning)死(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)退。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)既能宁(ning)死(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)退,那(nei)么(me)他们怎么(me)会(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊死(si)(si)作战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)呢!士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)深(shen)陷危险的(de)境地(di),就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再存在恐惧(ju),一(yi)(yi)旦无(wu)(wu)(wu)路(lu)可走(zou),军(jun)(jun)心就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)牢固。深(shen)入(ru)敌(di)境军(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会(hui)离(li)散。遇到迫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已的(de)情况,军(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)殊死(si)(si)奋战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。因此,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须整饬就(jiu)(jiu)能注意(yi)戒备(bei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用强求就(jiu)(jiu)能完成任务,无(wu)(wu)(wu)须约束(shu)就(jiu)(jiu)能亲密团(tuan)结,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待申令就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)遵守纪律。禁(jin)止占卜(bu)迷信,消除(chu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)的(de)疑虑,他们至(zhi)死(si)(si)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会(hui)逃避。我(wo)军(jun)(jun)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)没有(you)多(duo)余的(de)钱财(cai),并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爱钱财(cai);士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)置(zhi)生(sheng)死(si)(si)于度外,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)想长寿。当作战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)命(ming)令颁布(bu)之时,坐着的(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)泪(lei)沾衣襟,躺着的(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)泪(lei)流满面,但(dan)把士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)置(zhi)于无(wu)(wu)(wu)路(lu)可走(zou)的(de)绝境,他们就(jiu)(jiu)都(dou)会(hui)象专诸、曹刿一(yi)(yi)样的(de)勇敢。

善(shan)于指挥作(zuo)(zuo)战(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),能(neng)使(shi)(shi)部队自我策应(ying)如同(tong)(tong)“率然(ran)”蛇一样。“率然(ran)”是(shi)(shi)常山地方(fang)(fang)一种蛇,打它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)头(tou)部,尾巴就来(lai)(lai)救(jiu)应(ying);打它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾,头(tou)就来(lai)(lai)救(jiu)应(ying);打它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腰(yao),头(tou)尾都来(lai)(lai)救(jiu)应(ying)。试问:可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)军队象“率然(ran)”一样吧?回答是(shi)(shi):可以(yi)。那吴国(guo)人(ren)(ren)和越(yue)国(guo)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)互相仇视(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),但当他们同(tong)(tong)船渡河而遇上大风(feng)时,他们相互救(jiu)援,就如同(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左右手(shou)一样。所以(yi),想用(yong)(yong)(yong)缚(fu)住(zhu)(zhu)马缰、深埋车轮这(zhei)种显(xian)示死战(zhan)决心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)办法来(lai)(lai)稳定部队,是(shi)(shi)靠不(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。要使(shi)(shi)部队能(neng)够齐心协力奋勇(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)战(zhan)如同(tong)(tong)一人(ren)(ren),关键在(zai)于部队管(guan)理教育有方(fang)(fang)。要使(shi)(shi)强弱(ruo)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士卒都能(neng)发(fa)挥作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)于恰当地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)地形(xing)。所以(yi)善(shan)于用(yong)(yong)(yong)兵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),能(neng)使(shi)(shi)全军上下携手(shou)团结(jie)如同(tong)(tong)一人(ren)(ren),这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)因为客观形(xing)势(shi)迫(po)使(shi)(shi)部队不(bu)得(de)不(bu)这(zhei)样。

主(zhu)持军(jun)事(shi)行动(dong),要(yao)做到考(kao)虑谋略沉着冷静(jing)而幽深莫测(ce),管理部(bu)队公正严明而有条不紊。要(yao)能蒙(meng)蔽(bi)士卒(zu)的(de)视(shi)听(ting),使(shi)(shi)他们对(dui)(dui)于(yu)军(jun)事(shi)行动(dong)毫无(wu)所知;变更(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)战(zhan)部(bu)署,改(gai)变原(yuan)定计划,使(shi)(shi)人(ren)无(wu)法识(shi)破真(zhen)相;不时变换驻(zhu)地,故意迂回前进,使(shi)(shi)人(ren)无(wu)从推测(ce)意图。将帅向军(jun)队赋予作(zuo)(zuo)战(zhan)任务,要(yao)象使(shi)(shi)其登高而抽去(qu)梯子一样。将帅率(lv)领士卒(zu)深入诸侯国土(tu),要(yao)象弩机发出(chu)的(de)箭一样一往(wang)无(wu)前。对(dui)(dui)待士卒(zu)要(yao)能如驱(qu)赶(gan)羊群(qun)一样,赶(gan)过去(qu)又赶(gan)过来,使(shi)(shi)他们不知道(dao)要(yao)到哪(na)里去(qu)。集结全军(jun),把他们置(zhi)于(yu)险境,这(zhei)(zhei)就(jiu)是统帅军(jun)队的(de)要(yao)点。九种地形的(de)应变处置(zhi),攻防(fang)进退的(de)利害(hai)得失,全军(jun)上(shang)下的(de)心(xin)理状态,这(zhei)(zhei)些都(dou)是作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)将帅不能不认真(zhen)研(yan)究和周密考(kao)察的(de)。

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)(jing)内作(zuo)战(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)规(gui)律是(shi)(shi):深入(ru)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)境(jing)(jing)则(ze)军(jun)(jun)心(xin)稳固(gu),浅(qian)(qian)入(ru)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)境(jing)(jing)则(ze)军(jun)(jun)心(xin)容(rong)易涣散。进(jin)(jin)入(ru)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)境(jing)(jing)进(jin)(jin)行作(zuo)战(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)称为绝(jue)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);四通八达的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)衢(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);进(jin)(jin)入(ru)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)境(jing)(jing)纵深的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);进(jin)(jin)入(ru)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)境(jing)(jing)浅(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)轻地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);背有(you)(you)险阻(zu)前有(you)(you)隘路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区叫(jiao)(jiao)围(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);无路(lu)可走的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)区就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),要(yao)(yao)统一(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)队意(yi)志;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)轻地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),要(yao)(yao)使(shi)营阵紧密(mi)相连;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)争地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),要(yao)(yao)迅速出兵抄到(dao)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)面;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)谨慎防守;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衢(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)巩固(gu)与(yu)列(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)结(jie)盟;入(ru)重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)保障军(jun)(jun)粮供应(ying);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)圮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)必(bi)须迅速通过(guo);陷入(ru)围(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)堵塞缺口;到(dao)了死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)显示死(si)战(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)决心(xin)。所(suo)以(yi),士(shi)卒的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)理状态(tai)是(shi)(shi):陷入(ru)包(bao)围(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)竭力(li)(li)抵抗,形(xing)(xing)势(shi)逼迫就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)拚死(si)战(zhan)斗,身处绝(jue)境(jing)(jing)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)听从(cong)指(zhi)挥。不了解诸侯(hou)列(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)战(zhan)略(lve)(lve)(lve)意(yi)图,就(jiu)(jiu)不要(yao)(yao)与(yu)之结(jie)交(jiao);不熟悉山林、险阻(zu)、沼(zhao)泽等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)情(qing)况,就(jiu)(jiu)不能行军(jun)(jun);不使(shi)用向(xiang)导,就(jiu)(jiu)无法得(de)到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利。这些情(qing)况,如(ru)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)样(yang)不了解,都(dou)(dou)不能成为称王争霸的(de)(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)队。凡是(shi)(shi)王霸的(de)(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)队,进(jin)(jin)攻大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),能使(shi)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)民来不及(ji)动(dong)员集(ji)中;兵威加在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)头上(shang),能够使(shi)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)盟国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无法配合策应(ying)。因(yin)此(ci),没有(you)(you)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)去争着同天下(xia)诸侯(hou)结(jie)交(jiao),也(ye)用不着在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各诸侯(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)里(li)培植自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)势(shi)力(li)(li),只要(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)展(zhan)自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)战(zhan)略(lve)(lve)(lve)意(yi)图,把兵威施(shi)(shi)加在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)头上(shang),就(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)拔取敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)城邑,摧毁(hui)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)。施(shi)(shi)行超越惯例的(de)(de)(de)奖(jiang)赏,颁(ban)布不拘常规(gui)的(de)(de)(de)号(hao)令,指(zhi)挥全军(jun)(jun)就(jiu)(jiu)如(ru)同使(shi)用一(yi)(yi)个人(ren)一(yi)(yi)样(yang)。向(xiang)部下(xia)布置(zhi)作(zuo)战(zhan)任务,但不说(shuo)明其(qi)中意(yi)图。只告知利益而不指(zhi)出危(wei)害。将士(shi)卒置(zhi)于危(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),才能转危(wei)为安;使(shi)士(shi)卒陷于死(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),才能起死(si)回生。军(jun)(jun)队深陷绝(jue)境(jing)(jing),然后(hou)(hou)才能赢得(de)胜利。所(suo)以(yi),指(zhi)导战(zhan)争的(de)(de)(de)关键(jian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于谨慎地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)观察(cha)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)战(zhan)略(lve)(lve)(lve)意(yi)图,集(ji)中兵力(li)(li)攻击敌(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)部,千里(li)奔袭,斩杀敌(di)(di)(di)(di)将,这就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)谓巧妙用兵,实现克(ke)敌(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)胜的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

因(yin)此,在决(jue)定战(zhan)争方略的(de)(de)(de)时候,就要封锁关口,废除(chu)通行符证(zheng),不充(chong)许(xu)敌(di)(di)国使者往来;要在庙(miao)堂(tang)里再(zai)三谋划(hua),作出战(zhan)略决(jue)策。敌(di)(di)人(ren)一旦(dan)出现间(jian)隙,就要迅速乘(cheng)机而入。首先夺取敌(di)(di)人(ren)战(zhan)略要地,但不要轻易与敌(di)(di)约期决(jue)战(zhan)。要灵活机动,因(yin)敌(di)(di)情来决(jue)定自己的(de)(de)(de)作战(zhan)行动。因(yin)此,战(zhan)争开(kai)始之前要象处女(nv)那(nei)样显(xian)得沉静(jing)柔弱(ruo),诱使敌(di)(di)人(ren)放(fang)松戒(jie)备;战(zhan)斗展开(kai)之后,则要象脱逃(tao)的(de)(de)(de)野兔一样行动迅速,使敌(di)(di)人(ren)措(cuo)手不及,无(wu)从抵抗。

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