太平经(20)
◎分别四治法第七(qi)十九
真人纯稽(ji)首(shou)战栗:“吾今(jin)欲(yu)有所复(fu)问,非(fei)道事(shi)也(ye)。见明师言事(shi),无不解诀者,故乃敢(gan)冒惭复(fu)前(qian),有可(ke)问疑(yi)一事(shi)。”“何(he)等?平行,吾即为(wei)子(zi)说矣。”“夫帝王(wang)之仕大臣,皆当老,少子(zi)本非(fei)治世(shi)人也(ye)。”
“何为(wei)问此哉?”“吾见天(tian)气,间者比连不(bu)(bu)(bu)调,或(huo)过在仕臣失实,令(ling)使时气不(bu)(bu)(bu)调,人君不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming),灾害并行(xing),道人亦(yi)伤。今天(tian)地三光,尚为(wei)其(qi)病,故(gu)无正明(ming),道士于何自逃,独得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤?故(gu)吾虽(sui)得(de)独蒙天(tian)私久存,常(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢自保。初(chu)少(shao)以来,事(shi)师问事(shi),无能悉(xi)解之者。今不(bu)(bu)(bu)冒惭,重问于天(tian)师,解诀其(qi)要意,恐遂无复(fu)以得(de)知之也(ye)。恩唯明(ming)师既加,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已为(wei)弟子说其(qi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)及。”
“善哉!子(zi)之(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)。今旦见子(zi)之(zhi)言,吾知太平之(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)已到矣。然,吾且悉言之(zhi),子(zi)随而详记之(zhi)。夫治(zhi)(zhi)者,有四法(fa):有天治(zhi)(zhi),有地治(zhi)(zhi),有人(ren)治(zhi)(zhi),三气极(ji),然后(hou)C738行万物治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”
“愿闻其(qi)(qi)意。”“天(tian)治(zhi)(zhi)者,其(qi)(qi)臣老,君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)父事(shi)其(qi)(qi)臣,师事(shi)其(qi)(qi)臣也(ye)(ye)。”“夫臣乃(nai)卑,何故师、父事(shi)之(zhi)乎(hu)哉?”“但其(qi)(qi)位者卑下(xia)(xia),道德者尊重。师、父事(shi)之(zhi)者,乃(nai)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)道德,当(dang)与其(qi)(qi)合策而平天(tian)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)。地治(zhi)(zhi)者,友事(shi)其(qi)(qi)臣,若与其(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)同(tong)(tong)心也(ye)(ye)。地者阴顺,母子同(tong)(tong)列,同(tong)(tong)苞(bao)同(tong)(tong)忧,臣虽位卑,其(qi)(qi)德而和,和平其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)。
人(ren)(ren)治者(zhe)(zhe),卑其(qi)用,臣(chen)少(shao)小小,象父(fu)生其(qi)子,子少(shao)未能(neng)为父(fu)作策也(ye)(ye),故(gu)其(qi)治小乱(luan)矣。C738行万物并治者(zhe)(zhe),视其(qi)臣(chen)子若(ruo)狗,若(ruo)草木,不(bu)知复详(xiang)择臣(chen)而(er)仕之(zhi),但遇(yu)官(guan)壹仕,名为象人(ren)(ren)无知也(ye)(ye)。何故(gu)乎哉(zai)?象人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),财象人(ren)(ren)形,苟中而(er)已,不(bu)为君计也(ye)(ye),故(gu)善争之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
象天治者(zhe),天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)臣,尽国君之(zhi)(zhi)师、父(fu)(fu)也(ye),故父(fu)(fu)事之(zhi)(zhi),人爱(ai)其子,何有危时?夫师、父(fu)(fu)皆(jie)能为(wei)其子解八方之(zhi)(zhi)患难,何有失时也(ye)。象地治者(zhe),天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)臣,皆(jie)国君之(zhi)(zhi)友也(ye)。夫同(tong)志(zhi)合策为(wei)交,同(tong)忧患,欲共(gong)安其位。地者(zhe),顺而承(cheng)上(shang),悉(xi)承(cheng)天志(zhi)意,皆(jie)得(de)天心,何有不安时乎?
象(xiang)人治(zhi)者,得中和之气,和者可(ke)(ke)进(jin)可(ke)(ke)退难知,象(xiang)子少(shao)(shao)(shao)未能(neng)为(wei)父(fu)计也,欺(qi)其父(fu)也。臣少(shao)(shao)(shao),未能(neng)为(wei)君深计,故(gu)欺(qi)其君也。少(shao)(shao)(shao)者,生用(yong)日月少(shao)(shao)(shao),人学又浅(qian),未有(you)可(ke)(ke)畏(wei)。故(gu)欺(qi)也。故(gu)其治(zhi)小乱矣。象(xiang)C738万物治(zhi)者,C738行者无(wu)礼义,万物者少(shao)(shao)(shao)知,无(wu)有(you)道德(de)。夫C738行万物之性,无(wu)有(you)上下,取胜而已,故(gu)使(shi)乱败矣。
象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)治(zhi)者(zhe),仁好生,不(bu)伤(shang);象(xiang)(xiang)地治(zhi)者(zhe),顺善而成(cheng)小伤(shang);象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)治(zhi)者(zhe),相利多欲(yu),数相贼伤(shang),相欺怠;象(xiang)(xiang)C738行(xing)万物而治(zhi)者(zhe),终无(wu)成(cheng)功,无(wu)有大(da)小,取(qu)胜而已。观此之(zhi)治(zhi),足以(yi)知(zhi)天(tian)(tian)气上下中极(ji)未失。治(zhi)欲(yu)乐第一者(zhe),宜象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian);欲(yu)乐第二者(zhe),宜象(xiang)(xiang)地;欲(yu)乐第三者(zhe),宜象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren);欲(yu)乐第四者(zhe),宜象(xiang)(xiang)万物。象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)者(zhe)独老寿,得(de)天(tian)(tian)心;象(xiang)(xiang)地者(zhe)小不(bu)寿,得(de)地意;象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)者(zhe),寿减少;象(xiang)(xiang)万物者(zhe)死,无(wu)时无(wu)数也。
象天者,三道通(tong)文,天有(you)(you)三文,明为(wei)三明,谓(wei)日月(yue)列星也(ye)。日以察阳,月(yue)以察阴(yin),星以察中央(yang),故当三道行(xing)书(shu),而(er)务(wu)取(qu)其聪明,书(shu)到(dao)为(wei)往者,有(you)(you)主名而(er)已,勿问通(tong)者为(wei)谁;象地者,二道行(xing)书(shu);象人者,一(yi)道行(xing)书(shu),尚见苟留;象C738行(xing)万物者,才设言,复(fu)无书(shu)也(ye)。”
“今是者(zhe),天(tian)使(shi)(shi)如是邪(xie)?人自为(wei)之(zhi)邪(xie)?”“时运(yun)也,虽然,帝(di)王治(zhi)将太(tai)平,且与(yu)天(tian)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)好恶,而乐象天(tian)治(zhi);将中平者(zhe),象地治(zhi);将小乱者(zhe),法人治(zhi);将大(da)乱而不(bu)理(li)者(zhe),法C738行(xing)万物治(zhi)。”“此何(he)故乎哉?今当以何(he)救之(zhi)?”“然,天(tian)将兴之(zhi),瑞应文琦书出,付与(yu)之(zhi),令使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)大(da)觉悟而授之(zhi)。将衰者(zhe),天(tian)匿其(qi)(qi)文不(bu)见,又使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)好求之(zhi)。”
“贤臣者,但得老而已邪?”“不也(ye)。老者,乃谓耆旧老于道德也(ye),象天独(du)常守道而行,不失铢分(fen)也(ye),故能(neng)安其帝王。老而无一(yi)知(zhi),亦不可(ke)仕也(ye)。”
“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师(shi)、父(fu)事之(zhi)云何(he)?友之(zhi)云何(he)?子(zi)之(zhi)云何(he)?其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)万(wan)物(wu)之(zhi)云何(he)哉(zai)?”“父(fu)事之(zhi)者(zhe),乃若(ruo)子(zi)取教于(yu)严父(fu)也,乃若(ruo)弟子(zi)受(shou)教于(yu)明(ming)师(shi)也,当得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心中密策秘言圣文,以(yi)平天(tian)下,以(yi)谢先祖宗庙,以(yi)享食之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德以(yi)报(bao)天(tian)重功(gong),故能得(de)天(tian)下之(zhi)心,阴阳调和,灾害断绝也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友事者(zhe)以(yi)忠信,相与合策,深(shen)计善(shan)恶难(nan)易(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)事者(zhe),必若(ruo)父(fu)有(you)伏匿之(zhi)事,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)以(yi)报(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi);子(zi)有(you)匿过(guo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)以(yi)报(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)母,皆应相欺(qi),以(yi)此为阶也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)万(wan)物(wu)者(zhe),大乱无数。夫物(wu)者(zhe),春夏则争生(sheng),秋冬则争死,不(bu)(bu)(bu)复相假须臾也。”
纯再拜:“所问(wen)多,过诚重,甚(shen)不(bu)宜(yi),诚有(you)过于师(shi)(shi)。吾(wu)(wu)又且不(bu)敢(gan)匿此(ci)文也(ye)(ye),见而(er)(er)不(bu)行(xing)之(zhi),恐得过于皇天(tian)(tian),吾(wu)(wu)今当(dang)于何置(zhi)此(ci)书哉?”“子(zi)(zi)既(ji)问(wen)之(zhi),子(zi)(zi)为力特行(xing),逢(feng)能通者(zhe)与之(zhi),使(shi)(shi)其往(wang)付归有(you)德(de)之(zhi)君。帝(di)王(wang)象之(zhi),以是为治法,必且如神矣;得而(er)(er)不(bu)能深思(si)用(yong)之(zhi),天(tian)(tian)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)复过子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。”“唯唯,不(bu)敢(gan)逆师(shi)(shi)言(yan)。”“然吾(wu)(wu)言(yan)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)可大(da)逆也(ye)(ye),此(ci)乃(nai)天(tian)(tian)地欲(yu)平,而(er)(er)出(chu)至道,使(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)远来具(ju)问(wen)此(ci)法。天(tian)(tian)使(shi)(shi)吾(wu)(wu)谈(tan),传辞于子(zi)(zi),吾(wu)(wu)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)空(kong)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)不(bu)欲(yu)言(yan)而(er)(er)吾(wu)(wu)言(yan),无(wu)故泄天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)要(yao)道,吾(wu)(wu)当(dang)坐(zuo)之(zhi)。子(zi)(zi)得吾(wu)(wu)言(yan),而(er)(er)往(wang)付归,亦(yi)(yi)无(wu)伤(shang)无(wu)疑。吾(wu)(wu)告(gao)子(zi)(zi)至诚,天(tian)(tian)乃(nai)更(geng)与帝(di)王(wang)厚重,故戒(jie)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)运也(ye)(ye),吉凶自有(you)时,得而(er)(er)行(xing)之(zhi)者(zhe),吉不(bu)疑也(ye)(ye)。”
“谨问行者(zhe)人(ren)姓(xing)字为何谁乎?”“然,天之(zhi)授万物,无(wu)有可私(si)也,问而先好行之(zhi)者(zhe),即其人(ren)也。大(da)道至重,不可以私(si)任,行之(zhi)者(zhe)吉,不行者(zhe)疑矣。”
“谨(jin)更问天(tian)地(di)何睹何见,时(shi)者欲一语言(yan)哉?”“实有(you)可睹见,不(bu)空(kong)言(yan)也。天(tian)以(yi)安平为(wei)(wei)欢。无(wu)疾(ji)病,以(yi)上平为(wei)(wei)喜。故使(shi)人民皆静而(er)无(wu)恶声,不(bu)战斗(dou)也,各居其(qi)(qi)所,则(ze)无(wu)病而(er)说喜,则(ze)天(tian)言(yan)而(er)不(bu)妄语也。若今使(shi)阴阳逆斗(dou),错乱相干,更相贼伤,万物不(bu)得处其(qi)(qi)所,日月无(wu)善明,列星乱行,则(ze)天(tian)有(you)疾(ji)病,悒悒不(bu)解,不(bu)传其(qi)(qi)言(yan),则(ze)病不(bu)愈(yu)。故乱则(ze)谈(tan),小(xiao)乱小(xiao)谈(tan),大乱大谈(tan)。是故古(gu)今神真圣(sheng)人为(wei)(wei)天(tian)使(shi),受天(tian)心,主(zhu)当为(wei)(wei)天(tian)地(di)谈(tan)话。天(tian)地(di)立(li)事(shi)以(yi)来,前(qian)后(hou)以(yi)是为(wei)(wei)常(chang)法,故圣(sheng)人文,前(qian)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)谈(tan)语,为(wei)(wei)天(tian)言(yan)事(shi)也。”
“言谈皆(jie)何(he)等(deng)事也(ye)?”“在其(qi)所疾(ji)苦。文失之者为道(dao)(dao)质,若质而不通达者为道(dao)(dao)文,疾(ji)其(qi)邪恶者为道(dao)(dao)正善也(ye),使(shi)其(qi)觉悟。”
“今(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地至尊自神,神能明,位无上,何故(gu)不自除疾病,反传言于人(ren)乎?”“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地者,为(wei)万物(wu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),父(fu)母(mu)(mu)虽为(wei)善(shan)(shan)(shan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)作邪,居其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中央,主为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恶(e)逆,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政治(zhi)上下,逆之乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)之,父(fu)母(mu)(mu)虽善(shan)(shan)(shan),犹为(wei)恶(e)家也(ye)。比若子(zi)恶(e)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu),臣(chen)恶(e)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君,弟子(zi)恶(e)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师,妻恶(e)乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夫(fu),如此则更相贼伤(shang)大乱(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan),无以见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地人(ren)民万物(wu),本共(gong)治(zhi)一事,善(shan)(shan)(shan)则俱(ju)乐,凶则俱(ju)苦,故(gu)同忧(you)也(ye);向(xiang)使不共(gong)事,不肯更迭相忧(you)也(ye),是故(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地欲(yu)善(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)平者,必使神真圣人(ren)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传言,出其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神文,以相告语,比若帝王治(zhi)欲(yu)乐善(shan)(shan)(shan),则有善(shan)(shan)(shan)教,今(jin)此之谓也(ye)。子(zi)欲(yu)乐知天(tian)(tian)(tian)心,以报天(tian)(tian)(tian)功,以救灾气,吾书即(ji)是也(ye),得之善(shan)(shan)(shan)思念之,夫(fu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)心可知矣。”
“唯(wei)唯(wei),不(bu)敢(gan)忽,愿(yuan)师复重敕一两言(yan)。”“然(ran),夫善(shan)(shan)恶(e)各为其(qi)(qi)身,善(shan)(shan)者自(zi)利其(qi)(qi)身,恶(e)者自(zi)害其(qi)(qi)躯(qu)。子既有畅善(shan)(shan)意,乃忧天(tian)地疾病,王者不(bu)安,其(qi)(qi)功(gong)极已大矣。但详思之(zhi),子行善(shan)(shan),极无双,勿(wu)复止伤之(zhi)也(ye)。使念善(shan)(shan)顺,常若(ruo)此。”“唯(wei)唯(wei),不(bu)敢(gan)懈怠也(ye),不(bu)敢(gan)懈怠。”
右忿别治所象安危法
◎使能无争讼法第八十一
“吾所(suo)(suo)问(wen)积多,见天(tian)师(shi)言事(shi),快而(er)无(wu)(wu)已(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)问(wen)无(wu)(wu)足时(shi),复(fu)谨乞一两(liang)言。”“平(ping)行(xing)。”“今吾愿欲(yu)得(de)(de)天(tian)地阴阳、人(ren)民C738行(xing)、万物(wu)凡(fan)事(shi)之(zhi)心(xin)意(yi),常(chang)使其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)喜(xi)善无(wu)(wu)已(yi),日游(you)而(er)无(wu)(wu)职(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)事(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身各(ge)自正,不(bu)复(fu)转相(xiang)愁苦(ku),更相(xiang)过(guo)责(ze),岂可(ke)得(de)(de)闻(wen)乎哉(zai)?“子今且言,何一绝快殊(shu)异!可(ke)问(wen)者,何一好(hao)善无(wu)(wu)双(shuang)也(ye)!然,若子所(suo)(suo)问(wen),犹当(dang)顺事(shi),各(ge)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin),而(er)因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)材能所(suo)(suo)及,无(wu)(wu)敢反(fan)强其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)能为也(ye)。如是,即各(ge)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu);各(ge)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)欲(yu),则(ze)无(wu)(wu)有相(xiang)愁苦(ku)者也(ye),即各(ge)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)意(yi)矣,可(ke)谓游(you)而(er)无(wu)(wu)职(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)矣。
天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)间,常(chang)悉使(shi)非(fei)其能,强作其所(suo)不(bu)及,而(er)(er)难其所(suo)不(bu)能。时睹于其不(bu)能为,不(bu)能言,不(bu)怜而(er)(er)教之(zhi),反就责之(zhi),使(shi)其冤结,多(duo)忿争讼,民愁苦困穷,即仰(yang)而(er)(er)呼皇天(tian)(tian),诚冤诚冤,气(qi)(qi)感动(dong)六(liu)方(fang),故致(zhi)灾变纷纷,畜积(ji)非(fei)一(yi),不(bu)可卒除。为害(hai)甚甚,是(shi)即失天(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)人心意矣。终(zhong)反无成功,变怪(guai)不(bu)绝(jue),太平之(zhi)气(qi)(qi),何(he)(he)从得来哉?故不(bu)能致(zhi)太平也(ye),咎正(zheng)在此(ci)。虽欲名之(zhi)为常(chang)平,而(er)(er)内乱何(he)(he)从而(er)(er)得清其治哉?子今(jin)问之(zhi),欲深知其审乎!
天地之性,万物(wu)(wu)各自(zi)有宜。当任其(qi)所长,所能(neng)为(wei),所不(bu)(bu)能(neng)为(wei)者,而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)可强也;万物(wu)(wu)虽俱受阴阳之气,比若鱼不(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)(wu)水,游(you)于(yu)高山之上(shang),及(ji)其(qi)有水,无(wu)(wu)有高下,皆能(neng)游(you)往(wang);大木不(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)(wu)土(tu),生于(yu)江(jiang)海(hai)之中。是(shi)以古者圣人(ren)明王之授事也,五(wu)土(tu)各取其(qi)所宜,乃其(qi)物(wu)(wu)得好且(qie)善,而(er)(er)各畅茂,国家为(wei)其(qi)得富(fu),令宗庙重味而(er)(er)食,天下安平,无(wu)(wu)所疾苦,恶气休止,不(bu)(bu)行为(wei)害。
如人不(bu)卜相其(qi)土地而种之,则(ze)万物(wu)不(bu)得(de)成(cheng),竟其(qi)天(tian)年,皆怀冤(yuan)结不(bu)解(jie),因而夭终,独上(shang)感动皇天(tian),万物(wu)无可收得(de),则(ze)国家(jia)为其(qi)贫(pin)极(ji),食不(bu)重味,宗庙饥渴,得(de)天(tian)下愁苦,人民更相残(can)贼(zei),君臣更相欺诒,外(wai)内殊(shu)辞,咎(jiu)正始起于此(ci)。是者尚但万物(wu)不(bu)得(de)其(qi)所,何况人哉!天(tian)下不(bu)能相治正,正由此(ci)也。此(ci)者,大害之根(gen),而危(wei)亡之路(lu)也,可不(bu)慎哉?可不(bu)深(shen)思虑之胸心乎?
故(gu)古(gu)者大圣(sheng)大贤将任人,必(bi)先试其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所长,何所短,而(er)(er)后署其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职事,因而(er)(er)任之(zhi);其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人有(you)过(guo),因而(er)(er)责(ze)之(zhi),责(ze)问(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所长,不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)所短,是(shi)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)感天(tian)也(ye),反(fan)为(wei)习进此家学(xue),因而(er)(er)慎(shen)之(zhi),故(gu)能(neng)得(de)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)心(xin)也(ye)。令(ling)后世忽事,不(bu)(bu)(bu)深思惟古(gu)圣(sheng)人言,反(fan)署非其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职,责(ze)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)及,问(wen)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)睹,盲者不(bu)(bu)(bu)睹日(ri),喑者不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)言,反(fan)各趣得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)短,以为(wei)重(zhong)过(guo),因而(er)(er)罪之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)欲乐相利佑,反(fan)为(wei)巧弄,上下(xia)迭相贼害(hai),此是(shi)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)大败也(ye)。
自古者诸侯(hou)太平之(zhi)(zhi)君,无有奇神(shen)道(dao)也(ye),皆因(yin)任(ren)心能(neng)(neng)(neng)所及,故能(neng)(neng)(neng)致其(qi)(qi)(qi)太平之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi),而(er)(er)无冤(yuan)结(jie)民也(ye)。祸乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)将起,皆坐任(ren)非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng),作非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事职而(er)(er)重责之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑(xing)罚(fa)虽坐之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)死,犹(you)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)埋其(qi)(qi)(qi)职务(wu)也(ye),灾(zai)变(bian)连起,不可禁止,因(yin)以为(wei)乱(luan)败,吉凶安危,正起于此。是以古者将为(wei)帝王选(xuan)士,皆先问(wen)视,试其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng),当与天地阴阳瑞应(ying)相(xiang)应(ying)和(he)不。不能(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)应(ying)和(he)者,皆为(wei)伪行。”
“其相应(ying)和奈何(he)?”“大(da)人(ren)(ren)得大(da)应(ying),小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)得小(xiao)应(ying),风雨为(wei)其时节(jie),万(wan)物为(wei)其好茂,百(bai)姓为(wei)其无言,鸟(niao)兽C738行为(wei)其安静,是(shi)其效(xiao)也。故(gu)治(zhi)乐(le)欲安国者(zhe),审其署置。夫天生(sheng)万(wan)物,各有材能,又(you)实各有所(suo)宜(yi),犹龙升于天,鱼游于渊,此之(zhi)谓也。
夫治者(zhe),从天(tian)(tian)地(di)立以(yi)(yi)来,乃万端(duan)。天(tian)(tian)变易,亦其时异(yi),要当承天(tian)(tian)地(di)得其意,得其所欲为(wei)(wei)也(ye)。天(tian)(tian)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)三光为(wei)(wei)书(shu)文记(ji),则(ze)一兴(xing)一衰,以(yi)(yi)风(feng)为(wei)(wei)人君。地(di)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)山川阡陌为(wei)(wei)文理,山者(zhe)吐气,水(shui)通经(jing)脉,衰盛(sheng)动移(yi)崩合,以(yi)(yi)风(feng)异(yi)为(wei)(wei)人臣。人者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)音言语相(xiang)传,书(shu)记(ji)文相(xiang)推移(yi)。万物(wu)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)衰盛(sheng)而谈(tan)语,使人想而知之(zhi)。
人者在阴阳之(zhi)中央,为(wei)万物之(zhi)师长,所能(neng)作最众(zhong)多,象神而有形(xing),变(bian)化前却,主(zhu)当(dang)疏记此变(bian)异,为(wei)其主(zhu)言(yan)。故(gu)一(yi)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),转有冤结;二言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),辄有杜塞;三言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),转有隔绝;四(si)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),和时不(bu)(bu)应(ying),其生物无常;五言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),行气道战;六(liu)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),六(liu)方恶生;七言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),而破败(bai);八言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),而难(nan)处为(wei)数家;九言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),更相贼伤;十言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong),更相变(bian)革,故(gu)当(dang)力通(tong)(tong)其言(yan)也(ye)。”
“古者(zhe)无(wu)文,以何(he)通之?”“文乃当(dang)起,但中(zhong)止天地者(zhe)。几何(he)起,几何(he)止,但后世不(bu)睹(du)之耳。中(zhong)古三皇(huang),当(dang)无(wu)文而(er)设言,下古复有。天地之气,一绝(jue)一起,独(du)神人不(bu)知(zhi)老所从(cong)来,经历(li)多故,知(zhi)其分理。内当(dang)有文,后世实不(bu)睹(du),言其无(wu)有。”
“何故时(shi)有(you)文(wen)(wen),时(shi)无乎哉(zai)?”“天气且弊,人(ren)(ren)且愚(yu)薄不(bu)寿,不(bu)能有(you)可刻(ke)记。故敕之以书文(wen)(wen),令可传往来,以知(zhi)古事。无文(wen)(wen)且相辨(bian)讼,不(bu)能相正,各自言事,故使(shi)有(you)文(wen)(wen)书。此但时(shi)人(ren)(ren)愚(yu),故为作书,天为出券(quan)文(wen)(wen)耳。”
“见师言,已知之矣(yi)。愿闻今通气当(dang)云何?”“但三(san)道通行八方之书,民吏白衣之言,勿苟留。急者以时解之,不(bu)急者随(sui)天地万物,须七月(yue)物终,八月(yue)而(er)B821视,九月(yue)而(er)更次,十月(yue)而(er)不(bu)归(gui)。三(san)年上书而(er)尽信诚(cheng)者,求其人(ren)而(er)任(ren)之。此人(ren)乃国(guo)家之良臣(chen),聪(cong)明(ming)善耳目,因以视聆,不(bu)失四方候也。帝王得(de)之,曰安(an)而(er)明(ming),故(gu)当(dang)任(ren)之。”
“其任(ren)之云(yun)何乎?”“必(bi)各问其能(neng)所及,使各自疏记所能(neng)为,所能(neng)分解所能(neng)长(zhang),因其天(tian)性而任(ren)之,所治无(wu)(wu)(wu)失(shi)者也(ye)。故得天(tian)下之欢(huan)心(xin),其治日兴太平,无(wu)(wu)(wu)有刑,无(wu)(wu)(wu)穷物,无(wu)(wu)(wu)冤(yuan)民,天(tian)地中和,尽得相通也(ye),故能(neng)致寿上皇(huang)。
所以寿(shou)多(duo)(duo)(duo)者(zhe)(zhe),无刑(xing)不(bu)伤,多(duo)(duo)(duo)伤者(zhe)(zhe)乃(nai)还伤人身。故(gu)(gu)上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)圣贤,不(bu)肯好为(wei)(wei)刑(xing)也(ye);中古(gu)(gu)(gu)半用刑(xing),故(gu)(gu)寿(shou)半;下古(gu)(gu)(gu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)用刑(xing),故(gu)(gu)寿(shou)独少(shao)也(ye)。刑(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)恶乃(nai)干天,逆(ni)阴阳,畜积为(wei)(wei)恶气,还伤人。故(gu)(gu)上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)圣贤不(bu)重用之者(zhe)(zhe),乃(nai)惜其(qi)身也(ye)。中古(gu)(gu)(gu)人半愚,轻小用刑(xing),故(gu)(gu)半贼(zei)其(qi)半。下古(gu)(gu)(gu)大愚,则(ze)自忽用刑(xing),以为(wei)(wei)常(chang)法,故(gu)(gu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)不(bu)得寿(shou),咎(jiu)在此。
读此书(shu)者,宜反复之(zhi),重之(zhi)慎(shen)之(zhi),死生(sheng)重事,不可妄也。夫子贤(xian)(xian)明者,为(wei)(wei)父计;臣(chen)(chen)贤(xian)(xian)明者,为(wei)(wei)君深计。子不贤(xian)(xian),不肯为(wei)(wei)父深计;臣(chen)(chen)不贤(xian)(xian)明,不肯为(wei)(wei)君计。是(shi)少(shao)年者,即是(shi)其(qi)人(ren)身邪;其(qi)人(ren)邂逅(hou)吉凶者,流(liu)后生(sheng),此格法也。
是故上(shang)(shang)古(gu)圣帝(di)王将任臣者,谨选其有(you)道有(you)德,不(bu)好杀(sha)害伤者,非(fei)为民计(ji)也,乃(nai)自为身深计(ji)也。故得(de)天(tian)地(di)(di)心意,举(ju)措如(ru)与神俱,此之(zhi)谓审举(ju)得(de)其人(ren),而得(de)人(ren)力之(zhi)君也。如(ru)此乃(nai)感神?,乃(nai)后(hou)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)真神爱之(zhi),因而独(du)寿(shou)也。好用刑,乃(nai)与阴气并。阴者杀(sha),故不(bu)得(de)大(da)寿(shou)。天(tian)之(zhi)命,略可睹可知矣,天(tian)地(di)(di)人(ren)所疾恶同耳。”
右得天地人(ren)民万物欢心国(guo)兴(xing)家安天下(xia)无争(zheng)讼(song)者