△说一
卫灵公(gong)之(zhi)时,弥子瑕有宠,专于(yu)卫国。侏儒有见(jian)(jian)公(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰:“臣(chen)之(zhi)梦(meng)践矣(yi)。”公(gong)曰:“何(he)梦(meng)?“对曰:“梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)灶(zao),为见(jian)(jian)公(gong)也。”公(gong)怒曰:“吾闻见(jian)(jian)人(ren)主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)日,奚为见(jian)(jian)寡人(ren)而梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)灶(zao)?“对曰:“夫日兼(jian)烛天下,一物不能当也;人(ren)君(jun)(jun)兼(jian)烛一国,一人(ren)不能拥也。故将(jiang)见(jian)(jian)人(ren)主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)日。夫灶(zao),一人(ren)炀焉,则(ze)后人(ren)无从(cong)见(jian)(jian)矣(yi)。今(jin)或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一人(ren)有炀君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乎?则(ze)臣(chen)虽梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)灶(zao),不亦可乎!“
鲁哀公问于(yu)孔(kong)子曰(yue):“鄙谚曰(yue):'莫众而迷(mi)。'今寡人举事与群臣(chen)虑之,而国愈(yu)乱,其(qi)故何(he)也?“孔(kong)子对曰(yue):“明主之问臣(chen),一(yi)人知之,一(yi)人不知也。如是者(zhe),明主在上,群臣(chen)直(zhi)议于(yu)下。今群臣(chen)无不一(yi)辞同轨乎季孙者(zhe),举鲁国尽化(hua)为一(yi),君虽问境内之人,犹不免于(yu)乱也。”
一曰(yue):晏(yan)婴子(zi)聘鲁,哀(ai)公问(wen)曰(yue):“语曰(yue):'莫三人而(er)迷。'今寡人与一国(guo)虑之(zhi),鲁不免于乱,何也?“晏(yan)子(zi)曰(yue):“古之(zhi)所谓(wei)'莫三人而(er)迷'者,一人失之(zhi),二人得之(zhi),三人足以为众(zhong)矣,故曰(yue)'莫三人而(er)迷。'今鲁国(guo)之(zhi)群臣以千百数(shu),一言于季(ji)氏之(zhi)私,人数(shu)非不众(zhong),所言者一人也,安得三哉?“
齐(qi)人有(you)谓齐(qi)王曰:“河伯,大神也。王何不试与之遇乎?臣请使王遇之。”乃(nai)为(wei)坛场大水(shui)之上,而与王立之焉。有(you)间,大鱼动,因曰:“此河伯。”
张仪欲(yu)以秦、韩与魏(wei)之势伐(fa)齐、荆(jing),而(er)惠施欲(yu)以齐、荆(jing)偃兵(bing)。二人争之。群臣左右皆为(wei)(wei)张子言(yan),而(er)以攻齐、荆(jing)为(wei)(wei)利(li),而(er)莫为(wei)(wei)惠子言(yan)。王果(guo)听(ting)张子,而(er)以惠子言(yan)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)可。攻齐、荆(jing)事已定(ding),惠子入见(jian)。王言(yan)曰:“先生(sheng)毋(wu)言(yan)矣(yi)。攻齐、荆(jing)之事果(guo)利(li)矣(yi),一国尽(jin)以为(wei)(wei)然。”惠子因(yin)说:“不(bu)可不(bu)察(cha)也。夫齐、荆(jing)之事也诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)利(li),一国尽(jin)以为(wei)(wei)利(li),是何(he)智者(zhe)之众也?攻齐、荆(jing)之事诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)可利(li),一国尽(jin)以为(wei)(wei)利(li),何(he)愚者(zhe)之众也?凡谋者(zhe),疑也。疑也者(zhe),诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)疑以为(wei)(wei)可者(zhe)半(ban)(ban),以为(wei)(wei)不(bu)可者(zhe)半(ban)(ban)。今一国尽(jin)以为(wei)(wei)可,是王亡半(ban)(ban)也。劫(jie)主者(zhe),固亡其半(ban)(ban)者(zhe)一也。”
叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)相鲁,贵(gui)而(er)(er)主断。其(qi)所(suo)(suo)爱者曰(yue)竖(shu)(shu)牛,亦擅用叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)有(you)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),竖(shu)(shu)牛妒(du)而(er)(er)欲杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)(yin)(yin)与壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)游于鲁君(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)。鲁君(jun)(jun)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉环,壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拜受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)敢佩(pei)(pei),使(shi)竖(shu)(shu)牛请(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。竖(shu)(shu)牛欺(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾(wu)已(yi)为(wei)(wei)尔(er)请(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),使(shi)尔(er)佩(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)因(yin)(yin)(yin)佩(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。竖(shu)(shu)牛因(yin)(yin)(yin)谓(wei)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun):“何不(bu)(bu)见(jian)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于君(jun)(jun)乎?“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)曰(yue):“孺(ru)子(zi)(zi)何足见(jian)也。”竖(shu)(shu)牛曰(yue):“壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)固已(yi)数见(jian)于君(jun)(jun)矣(yi)。君(jun)(jun)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉环,壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)已(yi)佩(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)召(zhao)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)果佩(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)怒而(er)(er)杀(sha)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)兄曰(yue)丙(bing)(bing),竖(shu)(shu)牛又妒(du)而(er)(er)欲杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)为(wei)(wei)丙(bing)(bing)铸(zhu)钟(zhong)(zhong),钟(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng),丙(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)敢击(ji),使(shi)竖(shu)(shu)牛请(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。竖(shu)(shu)牛不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)请(qing)(qing)(qing),又欺(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾(wu)已(yi)为(wei)(wei)尔(er)请(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),使(shi)尔(er)击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”丙(bing)(bing)因(yin)(yin)(yin)击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“丙(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)请(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)(er)擅击(ji)钟(zhong)(zhong)。”怒而(er)(er)逐(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。丙(bing)(bing)出走齐,居一年(nian),竖(shu)(shu)牛为(wei)(wei)谢叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)使(shi)竖(shu)(shu)牛召(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又不(bu)(bu)召(zhao)而(er)(er)报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾(wu)已(yi)召(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),丙(bing)(bing)怒甚,不(bu)(bu)肯来。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)大怒,使(shi)人(ren)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二子(zi)(zi)已(yi)死(si),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)有(you)病,竖(shu)(shu)牛因(yin)(yin)(yin)独养之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)去左(zuo)右,不(bu)(bu)内人(ren),曰(yue):“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)不(bu)(bu)欲闻(wen)人(ren)声。”因(yin)(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)食而(er)(er)饿杀(sha)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)已(yi)死(si),竖(shu)(shu)牛因(yin)(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)发丧也,徙其(qi)府库重(zhong)宝空之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)奔(ben)齐。夫听所(suo)(suo)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)而(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)父为(wei)(wei)人(ren)僇,此(ci)不(bu)(bu)参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患也。
江乙为(wei)魏王(wang)(wang)(wang)使荆(jing),谓荆(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“臣(chen)入(ru)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)境(jing)内,闻王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)国俗曰(yue):'君子不蔽(bi)人之(zhi)美,不言人之(zhi)恶。'诚有(you)之(zhi)乎?“王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“有(you)之(zhi)。”“然则若白公之(zhi)乱,得庶无危(wei)乎?诚得如此(ci),臣(chen)免死罪矣(yi)。”
卫嗣君(jun)重(zhong)如(ru)耳(er),爱世姬(ji)(ji)(ji),而恐其(qi)(qi)皆因(yin)其(qi)(qi)爱重(zhong)以壅(yong)(yong)己也(ye),乃贵(gui)薄疑以敌如(ru)耳(er),尊(zun)魏姬(ji)(ji)(ji)以耦世姬(ji)(ji)(ji),曰:“以是(shi)相(xiang)参也(ye)。”嗣君(jun)知欲无壅(yong)(yong),而未得其(qi)(qi)术也(ye)。夫不使贱议贵(gui),下(xia)必坐上,而必待势(shi)重(zhong)之(zhi)均也(ye),而后敢相(xiang)议,则是(shi)益树壅(yong)(yong)塞之(zhi)臣也(ye)。嗣君(jun)之(zhi)壅(yong)(yong)乃始。
夫矢(shi)来(lai)有乡(xiang),则(ze)(ze)积铁以(yi)(yi)备一乡(xiang);矢(shi)来(lai)无乡(xiang),则(ze)(ze)为铁室以(yi)(yi)尽备之(zhi)。备之(zhi)则(ze)(ze)体不伤(shang)。故彼以(yi)(yi)尽备之(zhi)不伤(shang),此(ci)以(yi)(yi)尽敌之(zhi)无奸也。
庞恭(gong)与太子质于邯(han)郸,谓魏王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“今一人(ren)(ren)言(yan)市(shi)有虎(hu),王(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)之乎?“曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)信(xin)(xin)。”“二(er)人(ren)(ren)言(yan)市(shi)有虎(hu),王(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)之乎?“曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)信(xin)(xin)。”“三人(ren)(ren)言(yan)市(shi)有虎(hu),王(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)之乎?“王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)之。”庞恭(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“夫市(shi)之无虎(hu)也明矣,然(ran)而三人(ren)(ren)言(yan)而成(cheng)虎(hu)。今邯(han)郸之去魏也远于市(shi),议臣者过于三人(ren)(ren),愿王(wang)(wang)察之。”庞恭(gong)从邯(han)郸反,竟不(bu)得见。
说(shuo)一
卫灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)时(shi),弥(mi)子瑕(xia)受(shou)到宠信,专权于卫国(guo)。有个(ge)(ge)谒(ye)见(jian)(jian)(jian)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)的(de)侏(zhu)儒说(shuo):“我的(de)梦(meng)应验了(le)(le)。”灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)问:“什么(me)(me)梦(meng)?”保儒回答说(shuo):“梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)灶(zao),结果见(jian)(jian)(jian)到了(le)(le)您。”灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)发(fa)怒说(shuo):“我听说(shuo)将见(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)主的(de)人(ren)会(hui)梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)太阳(yang)(yang),为什么(me)(me)你(ni)要见(jian)(jian)(jian)我,会(hui)梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)灶(zao)呢?”侏(zhu)儒回答说(shuo):“太阳(yang)(yang)普照(zhao)天下,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)东西遮(zhe)挡(dang)不了(le)(le)它;君(jun)主普照(zhao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)人(ren),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)蒙蔽不了(le)(le)他(ta)。所以将见(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)主的(de)人(ren)会(hui)梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)太阳(yang)(yang)。要是灶(zao)的(de)话(hua),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)对着灶(zao)门烤火,后面的(de)人(ren)就(jiu)无(wu)从(cong)看见(jian)(jian)(jian)火光了(le)(le)。现在或许就(jiu)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)挡(dang)住君(jun)主的(de)光辉了(le)(le)吧?那么(me)(me)即(ji)使我梦(meng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)灶(zao),不也是可以的(de)吗!”
鲁(lu)(lu)哀公问孔子(zi)(zi)说(shuo)(shuo):“民(min)间俗(su)语说(shuo)(shuo):‘没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)众人(ren)合计(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)迷乱(luan)。’现(xian)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)办事和(he)群臣(chen)一(yi)(yi)起谋划,但国家却越来越乱(luan)了(le),原(yuan)因是什么呢(ni)(ni)(ni)?”孔子(zi)(zi)回答说(shuo)(shuo):“明(ming)君(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)事问臣(chen)下(xia),有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)知(zhi)道,有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)不知(zhi)道;像(xiang)这样(yang)的(de)话(hua),明(ming)君(jun)在(zai)上,群臣(chen)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)在(zai)下(xia)面直率地议论。现(xian)在(zai)群臣(chen)没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不和(he)季孙统一(yi)(yi)口径的(de),全鲁(lu)(lu)国都(dou)变成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)人(ren),您(nin)(nin)即使问遍境内百(bai)姓,仍然不免于(yu)乱(luan)。”又一(yi)(yi)种说(shuo)(shuo)法:晏子(zi)(zi)访(fang)问鲁(lu)(lu)国,鲁(lu)(lu)哀公问道:“俗(su)话(hua)说(shuo)(shuo);‘没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)合计(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)迷惑。’现(xian)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)和(he)全国民(min)众一(yi)(yi)起考(kao)虑事情,鲁(lu)(lu)国不免于(yu)乱(luan),为什么呢(ni)(ni)(ni)?”曼子(zi)(zi)说(shuo)(shuo):“古代(dai)所谓‘没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)合计(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)迷惑’,是说(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)意见错(cuo)误,两个(ge)(ge)人(ren)意见正(zheng)确(que),三(san)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)足以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)正(zheng)确(que)的(de)多(duo)数(shu)了(le),所以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)‘没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)合计(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)迷惑’。现(xian)在(zai)鲁(lu)(lu)国的(de)群臣(chen)以(yi)干、百(bai)来计(ji)算,言辞统一(yi)(yi)于(yu)季氏的(de)私利,人(ren)数(shu)不是不多(duo),但说(shuo)(shuo)的(de)话(hua)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)像(xiang)出自一(yi)(yi)人(ren)之口,哪有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)个(ge)(ge)人(ren)呢(ni)(ni)(ni)?”有(you)(you)(you)(you)个(ge)(ge)齐国人(ren)对齐王(wang)说(shuo)(shuo):“黄河神是伟大的(de)神,大王(wang)为什么不尝试和(he)它会(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)呢(ni)(ni)(ni)?请允(yun)许我(wo)(wo)让您(nin)(nin)会(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)它。”于(yu)是他就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)黄河边上筑起了(le)祭神的(de)坛场,和(he)齐王(wang)站在(zai)坛场上。过了(le)一(yi)(yi)会(hui)(hui)儿,有(you)(you)(you)(you)大鱼(yu)游动,齐人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)说(shuo)(shuo):“这就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是黄河神。”
张仪想凭秦(qin)、韩和魏交好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)势力(li)去(qu)征伐齐(qi)、楚(chu),惠(hui)(hui)施想与齐(qi)、楚(chu)罢兵言和。两人(ren)争执不(bu)(bu)下。群(qun)臣近侍(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)帮(bang)张仪说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)话(hua),认(ren)为(wei)攻(gong)打(da)(da)齐(qi)、楚(chu)有(you)(you)利(li),而(er)(er)(er)没(mei)有(you)(you)人(ren)帮(bang)惠(hui)(hui)施讲话(hua)。魏王(wang)(wang)结(jie)果(guo)听从了(le)(le)(le)(le)张仪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)张,而(er)(er)(er)认(ren)为(wei)惠(hui)(hui)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)张不(bu)(bu)行(xing)。攻(gong)打(da)(da)齐(qi)、楚(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)(yi)经确定之(zhi)后(hou),惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)进(jin)见(jian)(jian)(jian)魏王(wang)(wang)。魏王(wang)(wang)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“您(nin)不(bu)(bu)要说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。攻(gong)打(da)(da)齐(qi)、楚(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)情确实(shi)有(you)(you)利(li),全国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)这(zhei)样(yang)认(ren)为(wei)。”惠(hui)(hui)施趁机进(jin)言:“这(zhei)种情况不(bu)(bu)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)明察。如(ru)果(guo)攻(gong)打(da)(da)齐(qi)、楚(chu)这(zhei)件事(shi)(shi)(shi)确实(shi)有(you)(you)利(li),全国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)认(ren)为(wei)有(you)(you)利(li),聪明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)怎(zen)么(me)(me)会(hui)这(zhei)么(me)(me)多啊(a)!如(ru)果(guo)攻(gong)打(da)(da)齐(qi)、楚(chu)这(zhei)件事(shi)(shi)(shi)确实(shi)不(bu)(bu)利(li),全国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)认(ren)为(wei)有(you)(you)利(li),愚蠢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)又(you)该多么(me)(me)多啊(a)!凡要谋(mou)划,是(shi)(shi)因为(wei)有(you)(you)疑;有(you)(you)疑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)果(guo)确实(shi)是(shi)(shi)疑惑不(bu)(bu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),那么(me)(me)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)有(you)(you)一半(ban)人(ren)认(ren)为(wei)可行(xing),一半(ban)人(ren)认(ren)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)可行(xing)。现在全国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)认(ren)为(wei)可行(xing),这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)大王(wang)(wang)失(shi)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一半(ban)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。被(bei)挟持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)失(shi)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)半(ban)数意(yi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)啊(a)!”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)做鲁相,地(di)位尊贵(gui)而(er)(er)(er)专(zhuan)权(quan)独(du)断。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)所(suo)宠爱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu),也独(du)揽了(le)(le)(le)(le)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)号(hao)令。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)个儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)叫仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)嫉妒他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),并想杀(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),因而(er)(er)(er)和仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)—起到(dao)鲁君(jun)(jun)(jun)住处(chu)去(qu)游玩。鲁君(jun)(jun)(jun)赐给(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)玉(yu)环(huan),仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)(le),但(dan)不(bu)(bu)敢佩带(dai)(dai),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)让(rang)(rang)竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)向(xiang)(xiang)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi)。竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)骗他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我已(yi)(yi)(yi)替你(ni)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi)过叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)叫你(ni)佩带(dai)(dai)玉(yu)环(huan)。”仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)佩带(dai)(dai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)趁机对叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“为(wei)什么(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)带(dai)(dai)仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)见(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)呢(ni)?”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“小孩子(zi)(zi)(zi)哪能(neng)见(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)来就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)多次见(jian)(jian)(jian)过君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)赐给(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)玉(yu)环(huan),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)已(yi)(yi)(yi)佩带(dai)(dai)上了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)召见(jian)(jian)(jian)仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)果(guo)然(ran)佩带(dai)(dai)着玉(yu)环(huan),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)忿怒(nu)地(di)杀(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。仲(zhong)(zhong)壬(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哥哥叫孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing),竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)又(you)嫉妒他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)而(er)(er)(er)想杀(sha)(sha)死(si)(si)(si)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)给(ji)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)铸(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)口(kou)钟,钟铸(zhu)成后(hou),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)敢擅自敲钟,让(rang)(rang)竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)向(xiang)(xiang)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi)。竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)不(bu)(bu)帮(bang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi),又(you)骗他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);“我已(yi)(yi)(yi)帮(bang)你(ni)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi)过了(le)(le)(le)(le),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)让(rang)(rang)你(ni)敲钟。”孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)敲了(le)(le)(le)(le)钟。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)听见(jian)(jian)(jian)钟声后(hou)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);“孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)请(qing)示(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)擅自敲钟。”就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)忿怒(nu)地(di)把他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)赶走(zou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)出(chu)(chu)逃(tao)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。一年后(hou),竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)假装替孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)谢罪,叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)让(rang)(rang)竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)召回孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing),竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)再次没(mei)去(qu)召人(ren),却报告叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我已(yi)(yi)(yi)召过他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)了(le)(le)(le)(le),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)很(hen)恼怒(nu),不(bu)(bu)肯来。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)十分(fen)愤怒(nu),派(pai)人(ren)杀(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)丙(bing)(bing)。两个儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)(si)(si),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)患病,竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)独(du)自侍(shi)(shi)养他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),把近侍(shi)(shi)们支开,不(bu)(bu)让(rang)(rang)人(ren)进(jin)入,说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)不(bu)(bu)想听见(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)声。”竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)不(bu)(bu)给(ji)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)东西吃,活(huo)活(huo)把他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)饿死(si)(si)(si)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)已(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)(si)(si),而(er)(er)(er)竖(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)并不(bu)(bu)发(fa)讣告,把叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)豹(bao)(bao)(bao)财库里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贵(gui)重(zhong)珍宝搬迁一空(kong),然(ran)后(hou)逃(tao)往齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。听了(le)(le)(le)(le)自己所(suo)偏信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话(hua),结(jie)果(guo)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)被(bei)人(ren)杀(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le),这(zhei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)加(jia)验(yan)证的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祸(huo)患。江(jiang)乙为(wei)魏王(wang)(wang)出(chu)(chu)使楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),对楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我进(jin)入大王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境内,听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)大王(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)风气是(shi)(shi):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)隐(yin)人(ren)之(zhi)美,不(bu)(bu)言人(ren)之(zhi)恶。’确实(shi)有(you)(you)这(zhei)样(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)风气吗?”楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)”。“既(ji)然(ran)这(zhei)样(yang),那么(me)(me)像(xiang)白公(gong)政变之(zhi)类(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)发(fa)生,国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)危险吗?确实(shi)如(ru)此,群(qun)臣都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)能(neng)幸免于(yu)死(si)(si)(si)罪了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”
卫(wei)嗣(si)君看重如耳,喜(xi)爱世姬(ji)(ji),又怕他们自(zi)侍受宠来(lai)(lai)蒙(meng)蔽自(zi)己(ji),就(jiu)抬高(gao)薄疑(yi)来(lai)(lai)和如耳匹敌,推重魏姬(ji)(ji)来(lai)(lai)和世姬(ji)(ji)并(bing)列,说:“用这种方(fang)(fang)法(fa)使他们互(hu)相抗衡。”卫(wei)嗣(si)君懂得需要不(bu)(bu)受蒙(meng)蔽,然而(er)没(mei)有(you)(you)掌握相应的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。假如不(bu)(bu)使贱者议(yi)论贵者,不(bu)(bu)使下级敢(gan)于揭发(fa)上(shang)级,却一(yi)定(ding)要等双(shuang)方(fang)(fang)权势相等,然后才敢(gan)互(hu)相议(yi)论,那就(jiu)更多地培(pei)植起(qi)蒙(meng)蔽自(zi)己(ji)的臣子了。卫(wei)嗣(si)君受蒙(meng)蔽便由(you)此开始。箭射(she)来(lai)(lai)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)向,就(jiu)堆集(ji)铁器来(lai)(lai)防(fang)备(bei)这个方(fang)(fang)向;箭射(she)来(lai)(lai)没(mei)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)向,就(jiu)建造铁屋(wu)来(lai)(lai)全面地防(fang)备(bei)着;防(fang)备(bei)了,身体就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)会受伤。所人们凭着全面防(fang)备(bei)而(er)不(bu)(bu)致受伤,君主依靠完全警(jing)惕而(er)不(bu)(bu)致生(sheng)奸。
庞(pang)恭和太子到(dao)(dao)赵都邯(han)郸(dan)做人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)质(zhi)。庞(pang)恭对魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo):“如今有(you)一(yi)个人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)说(shuo)集(ji)市上(shang)有(you)老虎(hu),大(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)相信吗?”魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo):“不(bu)相信。”“两个人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)说(shuo)集(ji)市上(shang)有(you)老虎(hu),大(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)相信吗?”魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo):“不(bu)相信。”“三个人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)说(shuo)集(ji)市上(shang)有(you)老虎(hu),大(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)相信吗?”魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo):“我相信了。”庞(pang)恭说(shuo):“集(ji)市上(shang)没有(you)老虎(hu)是很(hen)清楚(chu)的,但是三个人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的言论就造出了一(yi)只老虎(hu)。现在邯(han)郸(dan)离魏(wei)国(guo)比这儿(er)离集(ji)市远得多,妄议我的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)比三个人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多,希(xi)望大(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)明察真情。”庞(pang)恭从邯(han)郸(dan)回来(lai)时(shi),最终还是不(bu)能再见到(dao)(dao)魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)了。